History of the Levant Qatna Arabic , modern Tell el Mishrife , Arabic is an archaeological ... Homs Bassin. History The first finds at Qatna date to the mid to late 3rd millennium BC, although ... got to Qatna the sphinx was found within the debris of the Late Bronze Age palace . The first king of Qatna Qatanum known by name from the Mari archives is Ishi Adad Haddad or Adad is my help , an Amurru ... between Mari and Qatna define her as the principal wife of Yasmah Adad Jasmah Addu . Her mother ... from Qatna, Dam hurasim. After the destruction of Mari by Hammurapi, the written sources become sparse. Aleppo Yamkhad now became Qatna s most powerful neighbour, during the reign of Yarim Lim Jarim Lim III. Qatna was temporarily dominated by Aleppo. With the development of the Mitanni empire in upper Mesopotamia, Qatna was incorporated but was located in disputed territory between the Mitanni ... that Mittanni were resident in Qatna. The campaigns of Pharaohs Amenhotep I 1515 1494 BC and Thutmose I 1494 1482 BC in Syria might have reached Qatna, but there is no conclusive evidence. On the 7th ... stayed in the land of Qatna in the 33rd year of his reign. Amenhotep II 1427 1401 BC was attacked by the host of Qatna while crossing the Orontes , but of course he remained victorious and acquired booty, among which the equipment of a Mitanni charioteer is mentioned. Qatna is mentioned in Egyptian ... palace in Qatna mention a previously unknown king Idanda who ruled ca. 1400 BC. During the Syrian campaign of the Hittite king Suppiluliuma I 1380 1340 BC , Prince Akizzi of Qatna asked for the help ... wrote 5 letters to Akhenaten. Text corpus Texts from Emar describe how Qatna was attacked by Aramaic ... and Egypt . Qatna was then situated near the end of the road connecting the middle Euphrates valley ... from Aleppo , left the Euphrates at Emar and led via Halab, Qatna and Hazor to Egypt. The valley ... , running between the Lebanon Mountains Lebanon and the Ansari mountains. Qatna is mentioned in the tin ... more details
Image Towns of aram.jpg thumb 400px Barga was a city state in the Amarna letters period of 1350 BC 1350 1335 BC and later. It is mentioned as the land of Barga by Mursilis II in treaties, see Habiru . The Amarna letters Text corpus correspondence is composed of 382 clay tablet letters , the majority written to the pharaoh of Ancient Egypt , and Barga is only referenced in the subcorpus letters authored by Akizzi , the Prince of Qatna . The region was generally southwest of Aleppo , in the neighborhood of other kingdoms, such as Nuha e , Niya kingdom Niya , and others. In the Amarna letters, Barga is referenced only in one damaged letter, EA 57, EA el Amarna EA for el Amarna , when referencing the king of Barga and Akizzi, king of Qatna . See also Amarna letters Habiru Nuha e , Niya kingdom , relative kingdoms Akizzi , Prince of Qatna Amarna letters localities and their rulers References William L. Moran Moran, William L. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. softcover, ISBN 0 8018 6715 0 Category Amarna letters locations Category Assyrian settlements AncientNearEast stub Ancient Egypt stub ... more details
Prince Akizzi was the ruler of Qatna in the fourteenth century BC. Prince Akizzi wrote three of the Amarna letters correspondence. References Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland , 1990, Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society 1990, p. 52 K. A. Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions , Blackwell Publishing 2000, p. 67 G. Maspero, 1904, History of Egypt , Part Four, Kessinger Publishing 2003, p. 278 William L. Moran, The Amarna Letters , Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987 External links http www.reshafim.org.il ad egypt a akizzi.htm Letters from Akizzi of Qatna DEFAULTSORT Akizzi Category Amarna letters authors Category Assyrian kings Category 14th century BC people AncientNearEast bio stub Ancient Egypt stub de Akizzi ... more details
Year nav topic2 1924 archaeology science The year 1924 in archaeology involved some significant events. Explorations Empty section date July 2010 Excavations March 1 Discovery and subsequent start of excavations at Glozel . Work at Doln V stonice begins under direction of Karel Absolon 20 year project at Chichen Itza by the Carnegie Institution and Harvard University begins under direction of Sylvanus G. Morley Excavations at Qatna by Robert du Mesnil du Boisson begin Publications Francis Haverfield The Roman Occupation of Britain, being six Ford Lectures published posthumously . Alfred V. Kidder An Introduction to the Study of Southwestern Archaeology . Finds Empty section date July 2010 Awards Empty section date July 2010 Miscellaneous Alexander Keiller purchases Windmill Hill, Avebury . Births Empty section date July 2010 Deaths Category 1924 in science Archaeology Category 1924 Archaeology Category Years in archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1924 ... more details
For the village in Fiji , see Motusa for the organization, see UPU Upu , also called Apu and Ubi or Upi by some authors , was the region surrounding Damascus of the 1350 BC Amarna letters . Damascus was named Dima qu Dimasqu etc. for example, Dima ki see Niya kingdom , in the letter Text corpus correspondence . The region is only referenced in three letters, EA 53, 189, and 197 EA el Amarna EA is for el Amarna . Etakkama of Qid u Kadesh in the Beqaa Valley Beqaa named the Amqu is in partial control, between allegiance to Pharaoh, and conjoining forces with the king of Hittite Empire Hatti . An example of the intrigue is from the last third of EA 53, entitled Of the villain Aitukama .... My lord, if he i.e. pharaoh makes this land a matter of concern to my lord, then may my lord send Archers Egyptian p tati archers that they may come here. Only messengers of my lord have arrived here. My lord, if Arsawuya of Ruhizzi and Teuwatti of Lapana remain in Upu , and Ta a Tahash remains in the Amqu Am q , my lord should also know about them that Upu will not belong to my lord. Daily they write to Aitukama Etakkama and say as follows Come, tak e Upu in its entirety. My lord, just as Damascus Dima ki Damascus in Upu falls at your feet, so may Qatna fall at your feet. My lord, one asks for life before my messenger. I do not fear at al l in the presence of the archers of my lord, since the archers belong to my lord. If he sends them to me, they will en ter Qatna. EA 53, only lines 52 70 End . The intrigue of the three Amarna letters appears to involve areas to the north and northwest of Damascus, into Lebanon and the Beqaa named Amqu . And, for example Ta a , appears to be Tahash, Taha , named after the biblical Tahash personage see Patriarchs Bible . See also Etakkama Birida wa , letter 197, Title Biryawaza s plight References Moran, William L. ed. and trans. The Amarna Letters . Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. AncientNearEast stub Ancient Egypt stub Category Aramaean ci ... more details
Refimprove date August 2009 infobox artefact name clay tablet Legal cuneiform tablet image File Cuneiform legal tablet in case from Aleppo.jpg 200px image caption Legal case from Niqmepuh, King of Yamhad concerning the legacy of two houses material Clay created 1720BC circa place Tell Atchana, Level VII Palace location Room 57, British Museum id British Museum db 131449 id 1343693 Yamhad also written Yamkhad or Jamhad was an ancient Amorite kingdom centered at Halab modern Aleppo , Syria . ref cite book url http books.google.com books?id 5MYFOWRZ8Z4C&pg PA26&dq Yamhad amorite&hl en&ei EVQCTYuIMciXOvXuvaYB&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 5&ved 0CDoQ6AEwBA v onepage&q Yamhad 20amorite&f false title The pre Islamic Middle East author Martin Sicker edition Hardcover publisher Praeger year 2000 isbn 0275968901 page 26 ref A substantial Hurrian population also settled in the kingdom, and the Hurrian culture influenced the area. The kingdom was powerful during the Middle Bronze Age , ca. 1800 1600 BC. Its biggest rival was Qatna further south. Yamhad was finally destroyed by the Hittites in the sixteenth century BC. See also Alalakh History of the Hittites Hurrians Mitanni References reflist Category History of Syria Portal Ancient Near East AncientNearEast stub Syria hist stub ar ca Yamkhad de Jamchad fr Yamkhad gl Iamkhad ko it Yamkhad lt Jamchadas hu Jamhad ja pl Jamhad ru sh Yamkhad ... more details
Year nav topic2 1999 archaeology science The year 1999 in archaeology involved some significant events. Explorations Empty section date July 2010 Excavations Excavations resume at Qatna , in Syria , by the Deutsche Orient Gesellschaft . Wide scope vertical and horizontal excavation of world s oldest wet rice rice paddy agricultural feature, c. 800 BC, at Okhyeon site, Ulsan , Korea. Finds Shipwreck of the RMS RMS Carpathia Carpathia is located. 105 mummies are discovered in the first 4 tombs to be opened in the Valley of the Golden Mummies . A frozen and mummy mummified body, later named Kw day D n Ts nchi Long Ago Person Found , is found in a Canadian glacier . Publications Penelope M. Allison ed. The Archaeology of Household Activities . John Carman and Anthony Harding ed. Ancient Warfare archaeological perspectives . Chris Gosden and Jon Hather ed. The Prehistory of Food appetites for change . Matthew Johnson Archaeological Theory an introduction . Thomas St llner Der pr historische Salzbergbau am D rrnberg bei Hallein Forschungsgeschichte, Forschungsstand, Forschungsanliegen , Bd 1. July August issue of Archaeology magazine Archaeology asks Is Schliemann Mask a Fake? . Some scholars, noting that the Mask of Agamemnon is significantly different from the others found at the site, contend that Heinrich Schliemann Schliemann had some of the features added to make the mask appear more heroic to viewers of his day. Events Empty section date July 2010 Births Empty section date July 2010 Deaths March 31 Yuri Knorozov , epigrapher of Maya hieroglyphs July 16 Barri Jones Arvid Andr n Category Years in archaeology Category 1999 in science Archaeology no Arkeologi ret 1999 ... more details
of area intrigues, written by Prince Akizzi of Qatna . The letter starting at line 35 .... My l ord .... My lord, just Damascus Dima ki in Upu ka4 di hi falls at your feet, so may Qatna ka4 di hu li ... ter Qatna. EA 53 complete only lines 35 70 End . The region of Upu is centered at Damascus ... more details
Infobox Palestinian Authority muni name Qatanna image imgsize caption arname meaning founded type munc typefrom altOffSp Qatanaa altUnoSp Qatna governorate jl latd 31 latm 49 lats 53.48 latNS N longd 35 longm 06 longs 31.76 longEW E pushpin map Palestinian territories population 7,500 popyear 2006 area 3,555 areakm 3.6 mayor Qatanna lang ar is a Palestinian people Palestinian town in the central West Bank part of the Jerusalem Governorate, located twelve kilometers northwest of Jerusalem . According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics , the town had a population of approximately 7,500 inhabitants in 2006. ref http www.pcbs.gov.ps Portals pcbs populati pop08.aspx Projected Mid Year Population for Jerusalem Governorate by Locality 2004 2006 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics . ref Primary health care for the town is level 2. ref http wwww.reliefweb.int rw fullMaps Sa.nsf luFullMap BB0D1D0CC89A371F8525706F00517495 File healthinforum HLT westbank opt110205.pdf?OpenElement West Bank Healthcare ref Qatanna contains three schools, three kindergartens, three clinics, a pharmacy and a medical center run by the Palestinian Red Crescent . There is also a sport s club and a women s center in the town. Qatanna is governed by a village council and Ramallah serves as the town s main urban provider. Four springs al Balad, as Samra, an Nimr and an Namous provide water for the town. The latter spring is completely isolated from the town by the Israeli West Bank barrier . ref name ARIJ Geography and land Qatanna has an elevation of 650 meters above sea level. Nearby towns and villages include Biddu to the east and Beit Liqya to the north. Currently, the town has a total land area of 3,555 dunam s, of which 677 dunams are designated as built up area. Prior to the 1948 Arab Israeli War , Qatanna had a land area of 16,529 dunams, but most of this land was designated as no man s land forming a part of the Demilitarized Zone between the armistice lines of Isra ... more details
Mut Bahli br Mutbaal no 1 EA 255, l. 3 br no 2 EA 256, l. 2, 5 author Qatna Akizzi EA 52 57 author ... Barga EA 57, l. 3 br damaged letter, referenced br also referenced Akizzi , king of Qatna Danuna br ... more details
Qatna king Akizzi to Amenhotep 3 1 EA 053 Qatna king Akizzi to Amenhotep 3 2 EA 054 Qatna king Akizzi to Amenhotep 3 3 EA 055 Qatna king Akizzi to Amenhotep 3 4 EA 056 ... to king EA 057 ... EA 058 EA ... more details
History of Lebanon Since its early history, Lebanon has come under the domination of several foreign rulers, however, despite this fact, Lebanon s mountainous terrain has provided it with a certain protective isolation, enabling it to create its own and unique identity. Its proximity to the sea has ensured an important position as a trading centre which developed a tradition of commerce that began with the Phoenicians and continued throughout the centuries, remaining almost unaffected by foreign rule and the worst periods of internal strife. ref name LOCcs Text used in this cited section originally came from http lcweb2.loc.gov frd cs lbtoc.html Lebanon Country Study 1987 from the Library of Congress Country Studies project. ref Prehistory Stone Age Neolithic 7500 BC 4500 BC Byblos , believed to be the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, has remnants of prehistoric huts with crushed limestone floors, primitive weapons, and burial jars as evidence of Neolithic fishing communities who lived on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea from approximately 5000 BC. Copper Age Chalcolithic Age 4500 BC 3500 BC Metallurgy was introduced to the region in the late Chalcolithic age. Antiquity Image Jug Byblos Louvre AO14707.jpg thumb right 120px Terra cotta jug from Byblos now in the Louvre , Late Bronze Age 1600 1200 BC . Image Phoenician alphabet.svg thumb right 120px The Phoenician alphabet Bronze Age Canaan ite period 3500 BC 1200 BC Early Bronze 2500 BC 2000 BC Amorites and Canaanites later called Phoenicia ns settle on Syria n coast, with centres at Tyre, Lebanon Tyre and Sidon . Innovations such as the wheel and writing were introduced. Middle Bronze 2000 BC 1600 BC Canaan became under Ancient Egypt Egyptian rule after the campaigns of Tuthmosis I and his grandson Tuthmosis III . The rise of the kingdom of Qatna on the Orontes . Late Bronze 1600 BC 1200 BC The beginning of the early Aramean influences in the region with the establishment of kingdoms such as Aram R ... more details
border between Egypt and Mitanni seems to have existed near Qatna on the Orontes River Ugarit was part ... , and Qatna, as well as some cities whose names have not been preserved. The booty from Arahati ... more details
to the south, Fairouzeh to the southeast, Marmarita and Zweitina to the west, Qatna to the northeast ... des Chevaliers , Qatna , Talkalakh and Marmarita . Homs has several hotels Safir Hotel is considered ... more details
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