Ismailis The Qarmatians lang ar Qar mita Those Who Wrote in Small Letters ref name Glasse Glass , Cyril. 2008. The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Walnut Creek CA AltaMira Press. ref also transliterated Carmathians , Qarmathians , Karmathians etc. were a Shi a Ismaili group centered in Al Hasa eastern Arabia , where they established a Utopia Religious utopia utopian republic in 899 CE. They are most famed for their revolt against the Abbasid Abbasid Caliphate . Mecca suffered great indignity by the sect s leader Ab T hir Al Jann b hir Sulaym n , ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 371782 Mecca 37835 History ref887188 Mecca s History , from Encyclop dia Britannica . ref particularly ... in 927 and sacked Mecca and Medina in 930. The assault on Islam s holiest sites saw the Qarmatians ... Mecca to Al Hasa. ref http ismaili.net histoire history05 history510.html The Qarmatians in Bahrain ... that could be done for much of the tenth century the Qarmatians were the most powerful force in the Persian ... from Iraq by the Buyids in 985, a group of Qarmatians also settled in Multan , Pakistan where their beliefs have influenced the local interpretation of Islam. Qarmatian society The Qarmatians ... was distributed evenly among all initiates. The Qarmatians were organized as an esoteric ... fervour among the Qarmatians as well as in Persia over the Conjunction astronomy and astrology ... the Qarmatians began to look inwards and their status was reduced to that of a local power. This had important repercussions for the Qarmatians ability to extract tribute from the region according ... Legends Myths of the Isma ilis, IB Tauris, 1994, p20 ref The last contemporary mention of the Qarmatians ... sources, when referring to the Ismailis, often erroneously call them Qarmatians without perception ... page on the Qarmatians. External links http ismaili.net histoire history05 history509.html The origin of the Qarmatians , Ismaili Net http ismaili.net histoire history05 history510.html Qarmatians ... more details
Ismailism Batiniyya is a pejorative term to refer to those groups, such as Alevi sm, Ismailism , and often Sufism , which distinguish between an inner, esoteric Batin Islam Batini level of meaning in the Qur an , in addition to the outer, exoteric level of meaning Zahiri . Batini ta wil is the name given to the exegesis of the esoteric knowledge which rests with the Shia Imam Imam , or with the Shaykh Pir Sufism Pir in Sufism. See also Alevism Bektashi , another group focusing on batin and zahir Druze Esoteric interpretation of the Qur an Qarmatians Sufism External links http www.iis.ac.uk glossary list.asp?f a&t z&l en Glossary of Ismaili terms , at The Institute of Ismaili Studies References Reflist Category Ismailism Category Esoteric schools of thought Category Ethnic and religious slurs islam stub ca Batinites ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2007 about the historical region of Bahrain the present day state Bahrain Bahrain lang ar Unicode al Ba rayn is a historical region in eastern Arabia that was known as the Province of Bahrain lang ar , Unicode Iql m al Ba rayn until the 16th Century. It stretched from the south of Basra along the Persian Gulf coast and included the regions of Kuwait , Al Hasa , Qatif , Qatar , and the Awal Islands, now known as Bahrain . The name Bahrain referred to the eastern mainland Arabia until the 16th century at least. The Arab inhabitants of the province were called Bahrani s after that time. History File Bellin Karte von der K ste von Arabien c.1745 crop .png thumb right 300px The historical region of Bahrain on a 1745 Jacques Nicolas Bellin Bellin map. Until Bahrain embraced Islam in 629 Anno Domini AD , it was a center for Nestorianism Nestorian Christianity . The major tribe among its inhabitants was the Abdul Qais . In the early 7th Century, Bahrain became one of the first places in Arabia to become an Islam ic state, despite its great distance from Muhammad s location in Medina . In the year 899, the Qarmatians , a Millenarianism millenarian Ismailism Ismaili sect , seized hold of the country and sought to create a utopian society based on reason and the distribution of all property evenly among the initiates. The Qarmatians caused widespread disruption throughout the Islamic world and sacked Mecca and Medina in 930, carrying off the sacred Black Stone to Qatif where it was held for ransom. They were defeated in 976 by the Abbasids Fact date September 2007 . Population The people of eastern Arabia are still sometimes called Bahrani s and their language is Bahrani Arabic . The Bahranis were traditionally settled non nomadic . They inhabited Oasis oases and coastal areas. See also History of Bahrain Bahrain Island Island of Bahrain Dilmun Gerrha coord missing Saudi Arabia Category History of the Arabian peninsula Category ... more details
Abu al Bahlul al Awwam lang ar was a Shia member of the Abd al Qays tribe in Bahrain who overthrew Qarmatian rule in the islands around 1058 ref Farhad Daftary, The Ism l s Their History and Doctrines, Cambridge University Press 1990, p221 ref . Along with his brother, Abu l Walid Muslim, he had called for the khutba in Bahrain to be read in the name of the Abbasid caliph Al Qa im caliph al Qaim , a common way of expressing alliegence to the Abbasids , which was anathema to the millenarian Qarmatian Ismailis . Their rebellion quickly overthrew Qarmatian rule and their position was secured when a seaborne landing by the Qarmatians to retake the islands was repulsed in 1066 7. A similar rebellion took place in Qatif in 1058, forcing the Qarmatians back to Al Hasa Al Aha before their final defeat after a seven year siege of the city by the Uyunids and Seljuk Turks in 1067 ref Curtis E. Larsen. Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society University Of Chicago Press, 1984 p65 ref . While Abu al Buhlul was able to gain independence for Bahrain, he was not strong enough to defend the islands against the new ruler of Qatif, Yahya ibn Ayyash. Bahrain soon came under the control of bin Abbas and his son, before it was captured by Abdullah al Uyuni, the founder of the Uyunid dynasty. ref Larsen, p66 ref References reflist See also History of Bahrain Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Abu Al Bahlul Al Awwam ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Abu Al Bahlul Al Awwam Category History of Bahrain Category History of Saudi Arabia Category Bahrani people Bahrain bio stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Ismailism collapsed 1 Seveners Arabic are a branch of Ismaili Ism l Shi a Islam Sh a . They became known as Seveners because they believe that Ismail bin Jafar Ism l ibn Ja far was the seventh and the last Imam Im m hereditary leader of the Muslim community in the direct line of Ali Al ibn Ab T lib . They believed his son, Muhammad ibn Ismail Mu ammad ibn Ism l al Maktum , would return and bring about an age of justice as al Mahdi . Their most famous and active branch were the Qarmatians . Sometimes sevener is used to refer to all Ismailis, though those of Fatimid heritage recognize more than seven Im ms. Note that the number seven plays a general role in the theology of the Ism liyya, including mystical speculations that there are seven heavens, seven continents, seven orifices in the skull, seven days in a week, seven prophets, and so forth. There are few strict Seveners &mdash those who do not recognize the Fatimids &mdash remaining among Muslims today. Some scholars doubt that they exist today. See also List of extinct Shia sects Category Ismailism Islam stub ar it Settimani ms Syiah Imam Bertujuh ... more details
Banu Ukhaidhir lang ar established a kingdom in Yamamah Al Yamamah central Arabia in 866 Common Era C.E. . They were descendents of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah and his grandson Hassan ibn Ali Al Hassan , and at least one contemporary traveller ref See Nasir Khusraw s Safarnameh . ref describes them as having been Shi ites of the Zaydi persuasion. Their capital was known as Al Khidhrimah, which lay near the present day city of Al Kharj in Saudi Arabia . Their rule lasted until some time in the mid 11th century, when the powerful Qarmatians of neighboring Al Hasa swept them away as part of their conquest of the Arabian Peninsula . SaudiArabia bio stub See also List of Shi a Muslim dynasties References div class references small References div Category History of Saudi Arabia Category Muslim dynasties Category History of Nejd Category Alid dynasties Category Shi a Muslim dynasties Category Arab dynasties Category Zaydis Category History of the Arabian peninsula Category Hashemite people ar ... more details
Banu Uqayl lang ar are an ancient Arab tribe that played an important role in the history of Bahrain historical region eastern Arabia and Iraq . They belonged to the Banu Ka b branch of the large Banu Amir confederation. The Banu Amir confederation of tribes had their original homeland in western Arabia , on the border between Hejaz and Najd . The Uqayl branch moved southwards and settled in the large valley known as al Aqiq modern day Wadi al Dawasir , which they later claimed was granted to them by the Muslim prophet Muhammad . During the Abbasid era, most of the Banu Amir moved from Najd into Iraq and Syria . The Uqaylids were among the last to leave, settling on the banks of the Euphrates . There a section of the tribe founded the Uqaylid dynasty, which controlled Mosul and other regions of northern Mesopotamia , though remaining largely nomadic . When the Uqaylid dynasty was brought down, three large Uqaylid tribes, the Khafajah , Ubadah , and Muntafiq , settled in southern Iraq and remain there to the present day. Another section of the Uqayl, possibly coming from Iraq, according to Ibn Khaldun , took over the deserts of eastern Arabia, around the al Hasa oasis. There they allied themselves with the Qarmatians , like many other Banu Amir groups. The Qarmatians fell to the Uyunid dynasty, a sedentary Arab clan from al Ahsa , in 1076 . In the mid 13th centuries, one Uqaylid clan leader, Usfur ibn Rashid, deposed the Uyunids, and founded the Usfurid dynasty, which lasted until 1330 . The area was then taken over by the Shi ite Jarwanid clan based in Qatif . The most powerful Uqaylid dynasty, however, were the Jabrids . Some historians believe they were a branch of the Usfurids or at least closely related to them. Their most famous ruler, Ajwad ibn Zamil , however, is described by his contemporaries as having been of Najd i origin. Ajwad s elder brother established the dynasty in the early 15th century by deposing and killing the last Jarwanid ruler ... more details
Mawali or maw l lang ar is a term in Classical Arabic used to address non Arab Muslim s. The term gained prominence in the centuries following the futuh early Arab Muslim conquests in the 7th century, as many non Arabs such as Persian people Persians , Egyptians , and Turkish people Turks converted to Islam. These converts were treated as second class citizens by the ruling Arab elite they continued to pay the tax required of nonbelievers and were excluded from government and the military until the end of the Umayyad Caliphate . ref http occawlonline.pearsoned.com bookbind pubbooks stearns awl chapter12 objectives deluxe content.html Student Resources, Chapter 12 The First Global Civilization The Rise and Spread of Islam, The Arab Empire of the Umayyads Converts and People of the Book ref Therefore, many of them were drawn to the anti Ummayyad activities of the Kaysanites Shia . Under the Abbasid Caliphate Abbasid rulers of the 9th century, the maw l comprised an important part of the army. The fragmentation of the Abbasid around 900 took place with the maw l rise to power, the Saffarid Dynasty and Ghaznavids in Greater Iran , and the Qarmatians in the Arabian Peninsula . Together, the rise to power of these ethnic groups restricted the power of the Abbasid caliph into Baghdad. The Word Maw l master, slaves or servers Al Maw l slaves or servers Al Mawl god one of Names of God in the Arabic language In India, the term is also used in a derogatory way to refer to someone who is uncivilized. aka Riff raff See also Anti Persianism by Arabs Dhimmi Jizya Mawla Ajam Shu ubiyya References Reflist added under references heading by script assisted edit Hourani, Albert. A History of the Arab People . Chapter 1. Mas udi The Meadows of Gold Trans. and Eds. Paul Lunde and Caroline Stone. External links http www.princeton.edu batke itl denise mawali.htm Mawali definition Category Islamic terms Category Ethno cultural designations Category Religion ... more details
History of Bahrain The Usfurids were an Arab dynasty that in 1253 gained control of eastern Arabia, including the islands of Bahrain , They were a branch of the Banu Uqayl tribe of the Banu Amir group, and are named after the dynasty s founder, Usfur ibn Rashid. They were initially allies of the Qarmatians and their successors, the Uyunids , but eventually overthrew the latter and seized power themselves ref Joseph Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization , Taylor and Francis, 2006, p95 ref . The Usfurids takeover came after Uyunid power had been weakened by invasion in 1235 by the Salgharid Atabeg of Fars. The Usfurids had an uneasy relationship with the main regional power at the time, the Persian princes in Ormuz Hormuz , who took control of Bahrain and Qatif in 1320. However, the Hormuzi rulers did not seem to have firm control of the islands, and during the 14th century Bahrain was disputed as numerous neighbours sought tribute from the wealth accumulated from its pearl fisheries. It the 15th century another branch of the Banu Amir emerged, the Jabrids , who built a more stable polity in eastern Arabia ref Curtis E. Larsen. Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society University Of Chicago Press, 1984 pp66 8 ref . See also History of bahrain 10th 16th centuries History of Bahrain 10th 16th Centuries Jarwanid dynasty Uqaylid Dynasty Mirdasids Kalbids Banu Amir References reflist External links http www.alasfoor.net index.php http www.al asfoor.com farsi index.php Category History of Bahrain Category History of Saudi Arabia Category Muslim dynasties Category Arab dynasties Category Bahraini monarchs MEast royal stub ... more details
Main Qarmatians The Qarmatians goal was to build a society based on reason and equality. The state was governed ... evenly among all initiates. The Qarmatians were organized as an esoteric society but not as a secret ... century the Qarmatians were the most powerful force in the Persian Gulf and Middle East, controlling ..., Reaching for Power The Shi a in the Modern Arab World, Princeton 2007 ref Uyunid dynasty The Qarmatians ... ibn Rashid. They were initially allies of the Qarmatians and their successors, the Uyunids , but eventually ... Caliphs Caliphs , while a 15th century Sunni scholar from Egypt describes them as being remnants of the Qarmatians ... important positions, including the chief of the hisba . ref name a Also, unlike under the Qarmatians ... Thaj Qarmatians Uqaylid Dynasty Usfurids Jarwanid dynasty History of Bahrain History of Kuwait ... histoire history05 history510.html The Qarmatians in Bahrain http vob.org index.php?show news&action ... more details
Image jwathamsk.jpg thumb 400px Jawatha Mosque in Al Ahsa Jawatha Mosque Arabic also incorrectly spelled Al Jawana is located in the village of Al Kilabiyah , about 12km northeast of Hofuf , Al Ahsa , Saudi Arabia . It was the earliest mosque built in east Arabia and most of the original structure is in ruins. ref name wa al Mat ifWood1975 The site is still used for prayer. ref John Lawton. http www.saudiaramcoworld.com issue 199106 the.arab.heartland.htm The Arab Heartland , saudiaramcoworld.com , November December 1991 Volume 42, Number 6. ref It was built the in seventh year of Hijra Islam hijra c. 629 AD at the hands of the Bani Abdul Qais tribe which lived there before and early in the Islamic period. This mosque is believed to be the first mosque built in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia Eastern Province and is where the second Friday congregation prayer in Islam was offered, the first being held at the Prophet s Mosque in Medina. ref Jawatha Mosque in danger of going down, Jafariya News, August 24, 2005. http www.jafariyanews.com 2k5 news aug 24jawatha mosque.htm ref According to legend, when the Black Stone Hajr Al Aswad , Black Stone , was stolen from Mecca by the Qarmatians , it was kept in this mosque for nearly 22 years. ref cite web url http www.geocities.com camelss day.html title Day trips Hofuf accessdate 2006 03 06 last first date work publisher Camels quote archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20090806194108 http geocities.com camelss day.html archivedate 2009 08 06 ref Most of the mosque s original structure has been lost and it remains in danger of collapse. Only five small mud brick arches remain. The visible ruins probably date from around the 9th century AD. ref name wa al Mat ifWood1975 cite book author1 Saudi Arabia. Id rat al th r wa al Mat if author2 Roger Wood title An introduction to Saudi Arabian antiquities url http books.google.com books?id 5d4JAQAAIAAJ accessdate 18 October 2010 year 1975 publisher Dept. of Antiquities an ... more details
Lead rewrite date January 2010 reason This intro provides no context. What is a Shia sect ? What defines them as sects? What defines them as extinct? How do we know they are in fact exinct? Shia Islam expand list date December 2010 The following is a list of extinct Shia sects i.e. those Shia sects that no longer have any followers or practitioners . Ghulat Shia sects Bazighiyya Shia Bazighiyya who believed that Ja far al Sadiq was God. Dhammiyya Shia Dhammiyya who believed that Ali was God and Muhammad was his appointed Messenger and Prophet. Ghurabiyya Shia Ghurabiyya who believed the angel Gabriel was mistaken when passing on the prophecy to Muhammad instead of Ali. Ya furiyya Shia Ya furiyya who believed in Reincarnation and that a man named Mu ammar al Kufi was their Lord. Ismailism Ism l Shia sects Hafizi who believed the ruler of the Fatimid Empire, Al Hafiz, was also the Imam of the Time. Qarmatians who believed in a world view where every phenomenon repeated itself in cycles, where every incident was replayed over and over again. Sevener who believed Mu ammad ibn Ism l al Maktum, the son of Ism l ibn Ja far al Sadiq, would return as the Mahdi. Zaidiyyah Zaydi Shia sects Dukayniyya Shia Dukayniyya who believed Muhammad s followers fell into unbelief after his death because they did not uphold the Imamate of Ali. Zaidiyyah Unique Beliefs Jarudiyya who believed the companions were sinful in failing to recognise Ali as the legitimate Caliph. Became extinct in Iran and Iraq but still survives in Yemen under the Hadawi sub sect. Khalafiyya Shia Khalafiyya who believed in a unique line of Imams after Zayd ibn Ali ibn Husayn ibn Ali, starting with a man named Abd al Samad and continuing with his descendants. Khashabiyya Shia Khashabiyya who believed that the Imamate must remain only among the descendents of Hasan and Husayn, even if that Imam is ignorant, immoral and tyrannical. Zaidiyyah Unique Beliefs Tabiriyya Butriyya Salihiyya who believed the companion ... more details
. . The Qarmatian Republic Main Qarmatians In the end of the 3rd Hijri century, Abu Sa id al Hasan ... to create a utopian society. The Qarmatians goal was to build a society based on reason and equality ... was distributed evenly among all initiates. The Qarmatians were organized as an esoteric society ... taking over Bahrain, the Qarmatians had instigated what some scholars have termed a century of terrorism ... in 930. In the assault on Islam s holiest sites, the Qarmatians desecrated the Zamzam Well Well ... histoire history05 history510.html The Qarmatians in Bahrain , Ismaili Net ref The sack of Mecca followed Millenarianism millenarian excitement among the Qarmatians and in Persia over the conjunction ... For much of the 10th century the Qarmatians were the most powerful force in the Persian Gulf and Middle ... ref Yitzhak Nakash, Reaching for Power The Shi a in the Modern Arab World, Princeton 2007 ref The Qarmatians ... Aramco World, May 1975 http ismaili.net histoire history05 history510.html Qarmatians in Bahrain ... more details
Ethnic group group Soomro image Image Pacco Qillo Round Tower.png 250px Pacco Qillo Soomro Kingdom, largest fort in Sindh. poptime 600,000 popplace Pakistan br 500,000 550,000 langs Sindhi language Sindhi rels Islam , Hinduism ref http books.google.co.in books?ei 9JVfTcfDKoSJrAey1ZS Ag&ct result&id jiUbAAAAIAAJ&dq gujjar are ahirs&q gujar ahirs search anchor ref ref Gujarat State Gazetteers Surendranagar District page 189 ref related Sindhi people Sindhi Soomro or Soomra lang sd is a Sindhi people Sindhi tribe in Sindh , Punjab, Pakistan Punjab and Balochistan , Pakistan.According to Colonel Walker Yaduvanshi Ahirs claim descent from Soomra dynasty. ref http books.google.co.in books?ei 9JVfTcfDKoSJrAey1ZS Ag&ct result&id jiUbAAAAIAAJ&dq gujjar are ahirs&q gujar ahirs search anchor ref ref Gujarat State Gazetteers Surendranagar District page 189 ref See also Category Chhatis Rajkul Rajput clans History and origin The Soomra Dynasty was established by the Al Sumrah tribe of Sindh. The Soomra ruled Sindh from 750 1351. Following the 985 CE expulsion of the Qarmatian Muslim sect from Iraq and Egypt, the Qarmatians relocated to Sindh, finding converts among the Soomra. Mahmud of Ghazni , an orthodox Muslim, conquered the Soomro capital of Mansura, Sindh Mansura in his campaign to defeat the heterodox in the 10th Century. However the overwhelming majority of Soomro s are Sunni and some scholars dispute the account of Mahmud of Ghazni, they believe that the Soomro Dynasty and the citizens of Mansura of mixed Sindhi Arab decent feared the political reputation of Mahmud of Ghazni, and refused to allow his entry into the city, in retaliation Mahmud of Ghazni besieged the city of Mansura and subsequently ended the rule of the Soomro Emir s. The Soomra shifted their capital to Tharri , nearly 14 km eastwards of Matli on the Puran river. Puran was later abandoned due to changes in the course of the river. Thatta was the capital of the empire for about 95 y ... more details
Al Mutawakkil Ahmad bin Sulayman 1106 1171 was an imam of the Zaidiyyah Zaidi state in Yemen who revived the polity after a long interregnum , wielding power in 1138 1171. Rise to the imamate Ahmad bin Sulayman was a fifth generation descendant of the imam an Nasir Ahmad d. 934 . ref The line of descent is an Nasir Ahmad Ali al Mutahhar Muhammad Sulayman al Mutawakkil Ahmad. ref His mother was Malikah binti Abdallah, an eight generation descendant of the Zaidi founding figure al Qasim ar Rassi d. 860 . Since the violent death of al Muhtasib al Mujahid Hamzah in 1066, no new imam had been appointed in the Zaydiyyah community of the northern Yemeni highlands. The dominating political power in Yemen in the late 11th and early 12th centuries was the Ismailite Sulaihid State Sulayhids , whose last important representative was Queen Arwa al Sulayhi d. 1137 . Meanwhile, the Tihamah lowland was ruled by a Sunni dynasty in Zabid , the Najahids. The most important city in the highland, San a was ruled by the Hatimid sultans. In the year after Queen Arwa s death, in 1138, Ahmad was acknowledged as imam under the title al Mutawakkil Ahmad. His early base was in the far north, in Sa dah , Najran and Al Jawf Governorate Jawf . He was considered a political and religious figure of genuine stature. In 1151 a large congregation gathered and spent eight days testing his qualifications for the imamate, including physical fitness, right descent, religious doctrinal learning, etc. ref Enzyklop die des Islam , Vol. III. Leiden 1936, p. 1216. ref Fighting against Hatimids and Qarmatians His political activities spread much wider than the pre 1066 imams. In the beginning of his reign, the Zaidi positions were pushed back by the sultan of San a, Hamid ad Dawlah Hatim. However, in 1150 the imam retaliated. Hamid ad Dawlah was unable to withstand the tribesmen who supported al Mutawakkil Ahmad, and was defeated in battle near San a. The sultan capitulated and was permitted to withdraw from th ... more details
The following is a list of Shia Islam Shi a Muslim Dynasty dynasties Egypt and North Africa Idrisid dynasty 780 985. AD Banu Kanz 1004 1412. AD ref , , 1993 , p.420 ref Sicily Kalbids 948 1053. AD Spain Hammudid dynasty 1016 1073. AD Arabian Peninsula Banu Ukhaidhir 865 1066 AD in Al Yamama Rassids 893 1970 AD from Yemen Sharif of Medina 864 1496 Sharif of Mecca 967 1631 Sulaihid State 1047 1138 AD from Yemen Banu Yam Banu ZARIE Makarama 1083 1200 AD from Yemen Sana a ref , , 1993 , p.886 ref ref http www.hukam.net family.php?fam 173 ref ref http ar.wikipedia.org wiki D8 A7 D9 84 D8 AF D9 88 D9 84 D8 A9 D8 A7 D9 84 D8 B2 D8 B1 D9 8A D8 B9 D9 8A D8 A9 ref Banu Yam Banu Hatem Alhmdanyen 1098 1174 AD from Yemen Aden ref , , 1993 , p.888 ref ref http www.yemen nic.info contents History banohatem.php ref ref http www.yemen nic.info contents studies detail.php?ID 10728 ref ref http www.hukam.net family.php?fam 159 ref Banu Yam Banu Masud Makarama 1093 1150 AD from Yemen ref , , 1993 , p.886 ref Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen 1926 1970 AD Qarmatians 900 1073 AD from Bahrain Uyunid dynasty 1076 1239 AD from Bahrain ref http www.hukam.net family.php?fam 900 ref Usfurids 1253 1320 century from Bahrain Jarwanid dynasty 1305 1487 from Bahrain ref http www.alwasatnews.com data 2009 2379 pdf fdt5.pdf ref Syria and Iraq Hamdanid dynasty 890 1004 AD Al Mazeedi Bani Assad 961 1163 AD Central and southern Iraq Numayrids 990 1081 AD Western Iraq ref http books.google.com.sa books?id mKpz 2CkoWEC&pg PA93&lpg PA93&dq Numayrids&source bl&ots Gld6l710Y&sig eP3DLARix OeJkk5UDs 3TtvM3o&hl ar&ei ZuqwTNiHF5Gn4AaI4KTtBg&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 3&ved 0CBkQ6AEwAg v onepage&q Numayr ... more details
considerable friction with the surrounding Muslim lands. The Qarmatians , as this group was known ... revered Black Stone . A feud with the Baghdad based Abbasids less than 50 years later saw the Qarmatians ... more details
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