enzyme Name Pyruvatedecarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.1 CAS number 9001 04 1 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 1 GO code 0004737 image Pyruvate decarb 1.jpg width caption Reaction catalyzed by pyruvatedecarboxylase br pyruvate thiamine pyrophasphate TPP hydroxyethyl TPP CO sub 2 sub Not to be confused with pyruvate dehydrogenase , the enzyme which catalyses the pyruvate decarboxylation link reaction . Pyruvatedecarboxylase ... by fermentation. Pyruvatedecarboxylase starts this process by converting pyruvate into acetaldehyde ... doi url accessdate ref Pyruvatedecarboxylase depends on Cofactor biochemistry cofactors thiamine pyrophosphate TPP and magnesium. This enzyme should not be mistaken for the unrelated enzyme pyruvate ... to acetyl CoA . Yeast In yeast, pyruvatedecarboxylase acts independently during wikt anaerobic .... Pyruvatedecarboxylase creates the means of CO sub 2 sub elimination, which the cell dispels. The enzyme ... B, Jordan F title Catalytic centers in the thiamin diphosphate dependent enzyme pyruvatedecarboxylase ... and the alpha keto acid pyruvate to meet. ref name pmid8512926 Structure Pyruvatedecarboxylase occurs ... of pyruvatedecarboxylase width 275 lines 3 Image 1pvd with TPP.jpg Cartoon diagram of pyruvatedecarboxylase monomer with TPP attached. Image 1pvd image.jpg Cartoon diagram of pyruvatedecarboxylase tetramer. Image PDC chimera cropped r3 c4.jpg Active site of pyruvatedecarboxylase with selected ... M, Crout DHG title PyruvateDecarboxylase A Molecular Modeling Study of Pyruvate Decarboxylation ... F title Reactivity at the substrate activation site of yeast pyruvatedecarboxylase inhibition by distortion ... 28, His 114, His 115, and Gln 477. ref name pmid9477950 The normal catalytic rate of pyruvatedecarboxylase ... pyruvate, which is held by the enzyme pyruvatedecarboxylase. During the decarboxylation of pyruvate ... links MeshName PyruvateDecarboxylase Carbon carbon lyases Category EC 4.1.1 ... called 2 oxo acid carboxylase, alpha ketoacid carboxylase, and pyruvic decarboxylase. ref name urlENZYME ... more details
enzyme Name 2,2 dialkylglycine decarboxylasepyruvate EC number 4.1.1.64 CAS number 9032 17 1 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 64 GO code 0047432 image width caption In enzymology , a 2,2 dialkylglycine decarboxylasepyruvate EC number 4.1.1.64 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 2,2 dialkylglycine pyruvate math rightleftharpoons math dialkyl ketone CO sub 2 sub L alanine Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are 2,2 dialkylglycine and pyruvate , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are dialkyl ketone , carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub , and L alanine . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the carboxy lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2,2 dialkylglycine carboxy lyase amino transferring L alanine forming . Other names in common use include dialkyl amino acid pyruvatedecarboxylase , alpha dialkyl amino acid transaminase , 2,2 dialkyl 2 amino acid pyruvate aminotransferase , L alanine alpha ketobutyrate aminotransferase , dialkylamino acid decarboxylasepyruvate , and 2,2 dialkylglycine carboxy lyase amino transferring . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , pyridoxal phosphate . Structural studies As of late 2007, 16 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1D7R , PDB link 1D7S , PDB link 1D7U , PDB link 1D7V , PDB link 1DGD , PDB link 1DGE , PDB link 1DKA , PDB link 1M0N , PDB link 1M0O , PDB link 1M0P , PDB link 1M0Q , PDB link 1Z3Z , PDB link 1ZC9 , PDB link 1ZOB , PDB link 1ZOD , and PDB link 2DKB . References reflist 1 cite journal author Bailey GB and Dempsey WB year 1967 title Purification and properties of an alpha dialkyl amino acid transaminase journal Biochemistry volume 6 pages 1526&ndash 1533 doi 10.1021 bi00857a039 DEFAULTSORT 2,2 Dialkylglycine DecarboxylasePyruvate Category EC 4.1.1 Category Pyridoxal phosphate enzymes Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
doi 10.1002 jcc.20084 url ref Not to be confused with pyruvatedecarboxylase , the enzyme which catalyses alcoholic fermentation . Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 is the first component enzyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex PDC . The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex contributes to transforming pyruvate into acetyl CoA by a process called pyruvate decarboxylation . Acetyl CoA may then be used in the citric acid cycle to carry out cellular respiration , so pyruvate dehydrogenase contributes to linking ... width caption Crystallographic structure of pyruvate dehydrogenase PDH . PH is a six domain ... flop action of thiamin pyrophosphate dependent enzymes revealed by human pyruvate dehydrogenase journal ... adenine dinucleotide NADH . EC number 1.2.4.1 . Function Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 performs the first two reactions within the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex PDC a decarboxylation of substrate 1 pyruvate ... Phosphorylation of E1 by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase PDK inactivates E1 and subsequently the entire complex. This is reversed by pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase . Pyruvate dehydrogenase is stimulated ... px center alt Regulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Mechanism File PyruvateDehydrgenaseMech1.gif Pyruvate ... the electrophilic ketone of pyruvate. The intermediate alkoxide then decarboxylation decarboxylates ... decarboxylates pyruvate, the acetyl portion becomes a hydroxyethyl derivative covalently attached to TPP ... revealed by human pyruvate dehydrogenase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 278 issue 23 pages 21240 6 ... F, Guest JR, Furey W. title Structure of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex E1 component .... ref name pmid12651851 The active site for pyruvate dehydrogenase image created from PDB 1NI4 ... to hold TPP and pyruvate not shown here in the active site. The amino acids are shown as wires ... pyrophosphate dependent enzymes revealed by human pyruvate dehydrogenase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume ... ref name pmid15264254 Pathology Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an autoantigen recognized in primary biliary ... more details
Pyruvate cycling involving possible oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity journal Biochimica et Biophysica ...Pyruvate cycling commonly refers to an intracellular loop of spatial movements and chemical transformations involving pyruvate . Spatial movements occur between Mitochondrion mitochondria and cytosol and chemical transformations create various Krebs cycle intermediates. In all variants, pyruvate is imported into the mitochnodrion for processing through part of the Krebb s cycle. In addition to pyruvate, alpha ketoglutarate may also be imported. At various points, the intermediate product is exported to the cytosol for additional transformations and then re imported. Three specific pyruvate cycles ... A pyruvate cycling pathway involving cytosolic NADP dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase regulates ... may exist, such as dissipative or futile pyruvate cycles ref cite journal author Gregory RB, Berry ... of pyruvate cycling to loss of 6 3H& 93 glucose during conversion of glucose to glycogen in hepatocytes ... SR, Aumais A, Joly E, Prentki M title A role for ATP citrate lyase, malic enzyme, and pyruvate ... Heart E, Cline GW, Collis LP, Pongratz RL, Gray JP, Smith PJ title Role for malic enzyme, pyruvate ... in various cell types including islet cells. The pyruvate malate cycle was described in liver and kidney ... of pyruvate cycling in the metabolism of aspartate and glycerate by the perfused rat kidney journal ... doi url ref . section stubs pyruvate malate pyruvate citrate pyruvate isocitrate References reflist ... metabolism, glutaminolysis, and pyruvate cycling but a decreased gamma aminobutyric acid shunt ..., Renstr m E, Mulder H title Anaplerosis via pyruvate carboxylase is required for the fuel induced ... MV, Joseph JW, Ilkayeva O, et al. title Compensatory responses to pyruvate carboxylase suppression in islet ... between pyruvate cycling and glucose stimulated insulin secretion GSIS journal Proceedings of the National ... February pmid 11240373 doi 10.1016 S1357 2725 00 00079 0 cite journal author Thompson SN title Pyruvate ... more details
Image pkb.jpg thumb right 250px Typical Pyruvate Kinase Structure, small X ray Crystallography Derived small Pyruvate kinase List of EC numbers EC 2 EC 2.7.1 Phosphotransferases with an Alcohol Group as Acceptor ... of pyruvate and one molecule of adenosine triphosphate ATP . Reaction The reaction with pyruvate kinase Image Pyruvate kinase.png left thumb This process also requires a magnesium ion. The enzyme is a transferase ... pathway, which produces pyruvate molecules, the final product of aerobic glycolysis. However ... dehydrogenase to reduce pyruvate to lactate. In humans, there are two pyruvate kinase isozymes ..., and are, in general, irreversible under wild type conditions . Pyruvate kinase activity is regulated ... pyruvate kinase is also regulated indirectly by epinephrine and glucagon , through protein kinase A . This protein kinase phosphorylates liver pyruvate kinase to deactivate it. Muscle pyruvate kinase ... phosphatase I, leading to dephosphorylation and activation of pyruvate kinase. These controls prevent pyruvate kinase from being active at the same time as the enzymes that catalyze the reverse reaction pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase , preventing a futile cycle . In fact ... through metabolic pathways. Deficiency Genetic defects of this enzyme cause the disease known as pyruvate kinase deficiency . In this condition, a lack of pyruvate kinase slows down the process of glycolysis ... cycle is not available. One example is red blood cells , which in a state of pyruvate kinase deficiency rapidly become deficient in ATP and can undergo hemolysis . Therefore, pyruvate kinase deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia . Role in gluconeogenesis Pyruvate kinase also serves as a regulatory enzyme for gluconeogenesis , a biochemical pathway in which the liver generates glucose from pyruvate and other substrates. When pyruvate kinase is inhibited by phosphorylation which occurs in the fasting state , via glucagon , phosphoenolpyruvate is prevented from being converted to pyruvate. Instead ... more details
Pyruvate decarboxylation also known as the Naypyidaw Reaction , Swanson Conversion ref http www.rpi.edu dept bcbp molbiochem MBWeb mb1 part2 krebs.htm ref , link reaction or oxidative decarboxylation reaction is the Autocatalytic reaction Far from equilibrium far from equilibrium biochemical reaction that uses pyruvate to form acetyl CoA , releasing NADH , a reducing equivalent, and carbon dioxide via decarboxylation . It is known as the link reaction because it forms an important link between the metabolic pathway s of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle . This reaction is usually catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex as part of aerobic respiration . ref Alberts et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Science, 2001. ISBN 0 8153 4072 9 ref In eukaryotes , pyruvate decarboxylation takes place exclusively inside the mitochondrial matrix in prokaryotes similar reactions take place in the cytoplasm and at the plasma membrane. ref Raven et al. Biology, 8th edition. McGraw Hill ... Reaction foward enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex PDHC reverse enzyme substrate pyruvate Pyr product ... out in the mitochondria , unlike the reactions of glycolysis which are cytosol ic. The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a key step in the liver in particular, as it removes any chance of conversion of pyruvate to glucose, or as a transamination substrate. It commits pyruvate to entering the citric acid cycle, where it is either used as a substrate for oxidative ... for fatty acid and isoprenoid biosynthesis. The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate in anaerobic ..., Juan C. Fontecilla Camps Crystal Structure of the Free Radical Intermediate of Pyruvate Ferredoxin ... of by the production of H sub 2 sub via hydrogenase. p To summarise p 1. Pyruvate is decarboxylated ... Cycle . References references External links http www.rahulgladwin.com blog 2007 01 notes on pyruvate metabolism.html Notes on Pyruvate decarboxylation http www.genome.jp kegg pathway.html KEGG ... more details
enzyme Name pyruvate oxidase EC number 1.2.3.3 CAS number 9001 96 1 IUBMB EC number 1 2 3 3 GO code 0047112 image width caption In enzymology , a pyruvate oxidase EC number 1.2.3.3 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction pyruvate phosphate O sub 2 sub math rightleftharpoons math acetyl phosphate CO sub 2 sub H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are pyruvate , phosphate , and oxygen O sub 2 sub , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are acetyl phosphate , carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub , and hydrogen peroxide H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with oxygen as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is pyruvate oxygen 2 oxidoreductase phosphorylating . Other names in common use include pyruvic oxidase , and phosphate dependent pyruvate oxidase . This enzyme participates in pyruvate metabolism . It has 2 cofactor biochemistry cofactors FAD , and Thiamin diphosphate . Structural studies As of late 2007, 12 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1POW , PDB link 1POX , PDB link 1V5E , PDB link 1V5F , PDB link 1V5G , PDB link 1Y9D , PDB link 2DJI , PDB link 2EZ4 , PDB link 2EZ8 , PDB link 2EZ9 , PDB link 2EZT , and PDB link 2EZU . References reflist 1 cite journal author Williams FR, Hager LP date 1966 title Crystalline flavin pyruvate oxidase from Escherichia coli. I Isolation and properties of the flavoprotein journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume 116 pages 168&ndash 76 pmid 5336022 doi 10.1016 0003 9861 66 90025 7 issue 1 cite journal author Tittmann K, Wille G, Golbik R, Weidner A, Ghisla S, Hubner G date 2005 title Radical phosphate transfer mechanism for the thiamin diphosphate and FAD dependent pyruvate oxidase from Lactobacillus plantarum Kinetic coupling of intercofactor electron transfer with phosphate ... more details
enzyme Name pyruvate synthase EC number 1.2.7.1 CAS number 9082 51 3 IUBMB EC number 1 2 7 1 GO code 0019164 image width caption In enzymology , a pyruvate synthase EC number 1.2.7.1 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction pyruvate CoA 2 oxidized ferredoxin math rightleftharpoons math acetyl CoA CO sub 2 sub 2 reduced ferredoxin 2 H sup sup The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are pyruvate , coenzyme A CoA , and oxidized ferredoxin , whereas its 4 product chemistry products are acetyl CoA , carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub , reduced ferredoxin , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with an iron sulfur protein as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is pyruvate ferredoxin 2 oxidoreductase CoA acetylating . Other names in common use include pyruvate oxidoreductase , pyruvate synthetase , pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase , and pyruvic ferredoxin oxidoreductase . This enzyme participates in 4 metabolism metabolic pathways pyruvate metabolism , propanoate metabolism , butanoate metabolism , and reductive carboxylate cycle CO2 fixation . Structural studies As of late 2007, 10 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1B0P , PDB link 1KEK , PDB link 2C3M , PDB link 2C3O , PDB link 2C3P , PDB link 2C3U , PDB link 2C3Y , PDB link 2C42 , PDB link 2PDA , and PDB link 2RAA . References reflist 1 cite journal author Evans MC, Buchanan BB date 1965 title Photoreduction of ferredoxin and its use in carbon dioxide fixation by a subcellular system from ... K, Rabinowitz JC date 1971 title Pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase. 3. Purification and properties ... author Uyeda K, Rabinowitz JC date 1971 title Pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase. IV. Studies on the reaction ... Structure and electron transfer mechanism of pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase journal Curr. Opin. Struct ... more details
FixBunching beg enzyme Name Pyruvate carboxylase EC number 6.4.1.1 CAS number 9014 19 1 IUBMB EC number 6 4 1 1 GO code 0004736 image Pyruvate Carboxylase fromPDB 2QF7.png width caption X ray crystallography Biological macromolecular crystallography Crystallographic structure of pyruvate carboxylase ..., mechanism and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase journal Biochem. J. volume 413 issue 3 pages 369 87 ... Pfam box Symbol PYR CT Name Pyruvate carboxyltransferase Pfam PF00682 InterPro IPR000891 PROSITE ... Pyruvate carboxylase image caption Symbol PC AltSymbols HGNCid 8636 Chromosome 11 Arm q Band 11 LocusSupplementaryData ... PDB FixBunching end Pyruvate carboxylase PC is an enzyme of the ligase class that catalyzes the depending on the species irreversible carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate OAA . gallery ... pmid18613815 Pyruvate carboxylase was first discovered in 1959 by M. F. Utter and D. B. Keech. ref name pmid13840551 cite journal author Utter MF, Keech DB title Formation of oxaloacetate from pyruvate ... NG title A re examination of the electron microscopic appearance of pyruvate carboxylase from chicken ... of pyruvate carboxylase in mammalian tissues journal Cell. Mol. Life Sci. volume 63 issue 7 8 pages ... structure of chicken pyruvate carboxylase journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume 295 issue ... ME, Wallace JC title Identification of novel alternatively spliced pyruvate carboxylase mRNAs with divergent ... Biao J, Sueda S, Kondo H title Structure of the biotin carboxylase subunit of pyruvate carboxylase ... tetramer for S. aureus pyruvate carboxylase in complex with coenzyme A journal Structure volume ... L, Surinya KH, Attwood PV, Wallace JC, Cleland WW, Rayment I title Domain architecture of pyruvate ... , possesses only one line of symmetry. ref name pmid17717183 Image gallery title Pyruvate Carboxylase Symmetry Comparison width 200 height 150 lines 2 Pyruvate Carboxylase 2QF7, sswilson7.png Rhizobium Rhizobium etli Rhizobium Rhizobium etli Pyruvate carboxylase 3HO8, sswilson7.png Staphylococcus ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 402673135 Name Sodium pyruvate ImageFile Sodium pyruvate.png ImageFileL1 Pyruvate 3D balls.png ImageSizeL1 160px ImageNameL1 Ball and stick model of the pyruvate anion ImageFileR1 Sodium 3D.png ImageSizeR1 80px ImageNameR1 The sodium cation OtherNames ketopropionic acid sodium salt 2 oxopropanoic acid sodium salt Pyruvic acid sodium salt Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 7931 PubChem 8224 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII POD38AIF08 InChI 1 C3H4O3.Na c1 2 4 3 5 6 h1H3, H,5,6 q 1 p 1 InChIKey DAEPDZWVDSPTHF REWHXWOFAL SMILES Na . O C O C O C StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C3H4O3.Na c1 2 4 3 5 6 h1H3, H,5,6 q 1 p 1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey DAEPDZWVDSPTHF UHFFFAOYSA M CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 113 24 6 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 3 sub H sub 3 sub NaO sub 3 sub MolarMass 110.0 g mol Density Solvent other solvents SolubleOther 100 mg mL MeltingPt BoilingPt Sodium pyruvate is commonly added to cell culture media as an additional source of energy, but may also have protective effects against hydrogen peroxide . This was reported by Giandomenico et al. . ref cite journal author Giandomenico AR, Cerniglia GE, Biaglow JE, Stevens CW, Koch CJ title The importance of sodium pyruvate in assessing damage produced by hydrogen peroxide. journal Free Radic Biol Med volume 23 issue 3 pages 426 34 year 1997 pmid 9214579 doi 10.1016 S0891 5849 97 00113 5 url ref and has been confirmed by several independent groups. References reflist Category Sodium compounds biochem stub ar ... more details
The pyruvate scale measures pungency in onions and garlic with units of um gfw. It is named after pyruvic acid , the alpha keto acid co product created in the biochemical pathway that forms the lacrimator, syn Propanethial S oxide . The standard onion has an eight rating, while sweet onions have a two or three rating on the scale. The lower the score or scale the more sweet the onions are rated. Anything less than five is considered a sweet onion. The Vidalia onion variety is considered sweet and must have a score of 5.0 um gfw or less. Fact date February 2007 The Supasweet onion usually grown in Lincolnshire , England registers 1.5 to 2 on the scale. A standard brown onion is usually in the range of 6 7 out of 10. Soil type, rain, and sunlight affect the pungency in onions and garlic and, therefore, their score on the pyruvate scale. External links http www.ams.usda.gov nop indexNet.htm The National Organic Program &mdash by the USDA Failed verification date January 2011 Category Scales Agri stub ... more details
enzyme Name oxaloacetate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.3 CAS number 9024 98 0 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 3 GO code 0008948 image width caption Oxaloacetate decarboxylase is a carboxy lyases carboxy lyase involved in the conversion of oxaloacetate into pyruvate . It is categorized under EC number 4.1.1.3 . See also Pyruvate carboxylase Further reading cite journal author Dahinden P, Auchli Y, Granjon T et al. title Oxaloacetate decarboxylase of Vibrio cholerae purification, characterization, and expression of the genes in Escherichia coli journal Arch. Microbiol. volume 183 issue 2 pages 121 9 year 2005 pmid 15647905 doi 10.1007 s00203 004 0754 5 External links MeshName oxaloacetate decarboxylase Carbon carbon lyases enzyme stub Category EC 4.1.1 ... more details
enzyme Name Acetylenedicarboxylate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.78 CAS number 72561 10 5 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 78 GO code 0050476 image width caption In enzymology , an acetylenedicarboxylate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.78 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction acetylenedicarboxylate H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math pyruvate CO sub 2 sub Thus, the two enzyme substrate substrates of this enzyme are acetylenedicarboxylic acid acetylenedicarboxylate and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are pyruvate and carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the carboxy lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetylenedicarboxylate carboxy lyase pyruvate forming . Other names in common use include acetylenedicarboxylate hydratase , acetylenedicarboxylate hydrase , and acetylenedicarboxylate carboxy lyase . This enzyme participates in pyruvate metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Yamada EW and Jakoby WB date 1958 title Enzymatic utilization of acetylenic compounds. I. An enzyme converting acetylenedicarboxylic acid to pyruvate journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 233 pages 706&ndash 711 pmid 13575441 4.1 enzyme stub Category EC 4.1.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name indolepyruvate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.74 CAS number 9074 92 4 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 74 GO code 0047434 image width caption In enzymology , an indolepyruvate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.74 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 3 indol 3 yl pyruvate math rightleftharpoons math 2 indol 3 yl acetaldehyde CO sub 2 sub Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , 3 indol 3 yl pyruvate , and two product chemistry products , 2 indol 3 yl acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the carboxy lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3 indol 3 yl pyruvate carboxy lyase 2 indol 3 yl acetaldehyde forming . Other names in common use include indol 3 yl pyruvate carboxy lyase , and 3 indol 3 yl pyruvate carboxy lyase . This enzyme participates in tryptophan metabolism . Structural studies As of late 2007, only one tertiary structure structure has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the Protein Data Bank PDB accession code PDB link 1OVM . References reflist 1 cite journal author Koga J date 1995 title Structure and function of indolepyruvate decarboxylase, a key enzyme in indole 3 acetic acid biosynthesis journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 1249 pages 1&ndash 13 pmid 7766676 issue 1 4.1 enzyme stub Category EC 4.1.1 Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
enzyme Name phosphatidylserine decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.65 CAS number 9054 78 8 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 65 GO code 0004609 image width caption In enzymology , a phosphatidylserine decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.65 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction phosphatidyl L serine math rightleftharpoons math phosphatidylethanolamine CO sub 2 sub Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , phosphatidyl L serine , and two product chemistry products , phosphatidylethanolamine and carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the carboxy lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is phosphatidyl L serine carboxy lyase phosphatidylethanolamine forming . Other names in common use include PS decarboxylase , and phosphatidyl L serine carboxy lyase . This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism . It has 2 cofactor biochemistry cofactors pyridoxal phosphate , and Pyruvate . References reflist 1 refbegin cite journal author KANFER J, KENNEDY EP date 1964 title METABOLISM AND FUNCTION OF BACTERIAL LIPIDS. II. BIOSYNTHESIS OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 239 pages 1720&ndash 6 pmid 14213340 cite journal author Satre M, Kennedy EP date 1978 title Identification of bound pyruvate essential for the activity of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase of Escherichia coli journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 253 pages 479&ndash 83 pmid 338609 issue 2 refend 4.1 enzyme stub Category EC 4.1.1 Category Pyridoxal phosphate enzymes Category Pyruvate enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name histidine decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.22 CAS number 9024 61 7 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 22 ... by histidine decarboxylase PBB geneid 3067 Histidine decarboxylase HDC is the enzyme that catalyzes ... 4. l histidine decarboxylase from Cl. welchii Type A journal Biochem. J. volume 39 issue 1 ... Riley WD, Snell EE title Histidine decarboxylase of Lactobacillus 30a. IV. The presence of covalently bound pyruvate as the prosthetic group journal Biochemistry volume 7 issue 10 pages 3520 8 year ... J, Guirard BM, Chang GW, Snell EE title Purification and properties of histidine decarboxylase ... decarboxylase enzyme is encoded by the HDC gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene histidine decarboxylase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch ..., Bernheim A, Thibault J title Preparation of a rat brain histidine decarboxylase HDC cDNA probe by PCR ... L histidine decarboxylase. This homodimeric enzyme is a pyridoxal phosphate PLP dependent decarboxylase ... title Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man histidine decarboxylase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov omim ... decarboxylase up regulation in colorectal cancer correlation with tumor stage. journal Inflamm ... journal author Li Z, Liu J, Tang F, et al. title Expression of non mast cell histidine decarboxylase ... author Ai W, Liu Y, Langlois M, Wang TC title Kruppel like factor 4 KLF4 represses histidine decarboxylase ... of a third gastrin response element GAS RE3 in the human histidine decarboxylase gene .... title Histidine decarboxylase, a pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzyme, is an autoantigen of gastric ... of histidine decarboxylase in normal and pre eclamptic placentae. journal Placenta volume 28 issue ... Detection of histidine decarboxylase mRNA in human vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. journal ..., et al. title Upregulation of histidine decarboxylase expression in superficial cortical nephrons during ... NG, et al. title Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 and histidine decarboxylase expression ... more details
enzyme Name 2 oxoglutarate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.71 CAS number 37205 42 8 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 71 GO code 0008683 image width caption In enzymology , a 2 oxoglutarate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.71 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 oxoglutarate math rightleftharpoons math succinate semialdehyde CO sub 2 sub Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , 2 oxoglutarate , and two product chemistry products , succinate semialdehyde and carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the carboxy lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2 oxoglutarate carboxy lyase succinate semialdehyde forming . Other names in common use include oxoglutarate decarboxylase , alpha ketoglutarate decarboxylase , alpha ketoglutaric decarboxylase , oxoglutarate decarboxylase , pre 2 oxoglutarate decarboxylase , and 2 oxoglutarate carboxy lyase . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , thiamin diphosphate . References reflist 1 cite journal author Shigeoka S, Onishi T, Maeda K, Nakano Y and Kitaoka S date 1986 title Occurrence of thiamin pyrophosphate dependent 2 oxoglutarate decarboxylase in mitochondria of Euglena gracilis journal FEBS Lett. volume 195 pages 43&ndash 47 doi 10.1016 0014 5793 86 80126 0 4.1 enzyme stub Category EC 4.1.1 Category Thiamine enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name sulfinoalanine decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.29 CAS number 62213 10 9 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 29 GO code 0004782 image width caption In enzymology , a sulfinoalanine decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.29 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 3 sulfino L alanine math rightleftharpoons math hypotaurine CO sub 2 sub Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , 3 sulfino L alanine , and two product chemistry products , hypotaurine and carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the carboxy lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3 sulfino L alanine carboxy lyase hypotaurine forming . Other names in common use include cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase , L cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase , cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase , CADCase CSADCase , CSAD , cysteic decarboxylase , cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase , cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase , sulfoalanine decarboxylase , and 3 sulfino L alanine carboxy lyase . This enzyme participates in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , pyridoxal phosphate . Structural studies As of late 2007, only one tertiary structure structure has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the Protein Data Bank PDB accession code PDB link 2JIS . References reflist 1 cite journal author Guion Rain M C, Portemer C, Chatagner F date 1975 title Rat liver cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase purification, new appraisal of the molecular weight and determination of catalytic properties journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 384 pages 265&ndash 76 pmid 236774 issue 1 cite journal author JACOBSEN JG, THOMAS LL, SMITH LH Jr date 1964 title PROPERTIES AND DISTRIBUTION OF MAMMALIAN L CYSTEINE SULFINATE CARBOXY LYASES journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 85 pages 103&ndash 16 pmid 14159288 4.1 enzyme stub Category EC 4.1.1 Category Pyridoxal phosphate enzymes Category Enzymes of known ... more details
enzyme Name 3 oxolaurate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.56 CAS number 37290 49 6 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 56 GO code 0050410 image width caption In enzymology , a 3 oxolaurate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.56 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 3 oxododecanoate math rightleftharpoons math 2 undecanone CO sub 2 sub Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , 3 oxododecanoate , and two product chemistry products , 2 undecanone and carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the carboxy lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3 oxododecanoate carboxy lyase 2 undecanone forming . Other names in common use include beta ketolaurate decarboxylase , beta ketoacyl decarboxylase , and 3 oxododecanoate carboxy lyase . References reflist 1 cite journal author FRANKE W, PLATZECK A, EICHHORN G date 1961 title On the knowledge of fatty acid catabolism by mold fungi. III. On a decarboxylase for average beta ketomonocarbonic acids beta ketolaurate decarboxylase journal Arch. Mikrobiol. volume 40 issue 1 pages 73&ndash 93 pmid 13701396 doi 10.1007 BF00408834 4.1 enzyme stub Category EC 4.1.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name 6 methylsalicylate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.52 CAS number 37289 50 2 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 52 GO code 0047596 image width caption In enzymology , a 6 methylsalicylate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.52 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 6 methylsalicylate math rightleftharpoons math 3 cresol CO sub 2 sub Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , 6 methylsalicylate , and two product chemistry products , 3 cresol and carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the carboxy lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 6 methylsalicylate carboxy lyase 3 cresol forming . Other names in common use include 6 methylsalicylic acid 2,6 cresotic acid decarboxylase , 6 MSA decarboxylase , and 6 methylsalicylate carboxy lyase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Light RJ date 1969 title 6 methylsalicylic acid decarboxylase from Penicillium patulum journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 191 pages 430&ndash 8 pmid 5354271 issue 2 cite journal author Vogel G and Lynen F date 1970 title 6 Methylsalicylsaure Decarboxylase journal Naturwissenschaften volume 57 pages 664 4.1 enzyme stub Category EC 4.1.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name adenosylmethionine decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.50 CAS number 9036 20 8 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 50 GO code 0004014 image width caption protein Name adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 caption image width HGNCid 457 Symbol AMD1 AltSymbols EntrezGene 262 OMIM 180980 RefSeq NM 001634 UniProt P17707 PDB ECnumber 4.1.1.50 Chromosome 6 Arm q Band 21 LocusSupplementaryData q22 Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of S Adenosyl methionine S adenosyl methionine to S Adenosylmethioninamine S adenosylmethioninamine . References refbegin cite journal doi 10.1016 S0076 6879 62 05309 4 author Tabor CW year 1962 title Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase journal Methods Enzymol. volume 5 pages 756 760 cite journal author Anton DL, Kutny R title Escherichia coli S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. Subunit structure, reductive amination, and NH2 terminal sequences journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 262 issue 6 pages 2817 22 year 1987 month February pmid 3546296 doi url issn refend External links http www.genome.jp dbget bin www bget?rn R00178 Reaction R00178 lyase stub Carbon carbon lyases ... more details
enzyme Name diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.33 CAS number 9024 66 2 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 33 GO code 0004163 image width caption In enzymology , a diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.33 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP R 5 diphosphomevalonate math rightleftharpoons math ADP phosphate isopentenyl diphosphate CO sub 2 sub Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and R 5 diphosphomevalonate , whereas its 4 product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP , phosphate , isopentenyl diphosphate , and carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the carboxy lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP R 5 diphosphomevalonate carboxy lyase adding ATP isopentenyl diphosphate forming . Other names in common use include pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase , mevalonate 5 pyrophosphate decarboxylase , pyrophosphomevalonic acid decarboxylase , 5 pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase , mevalonate 5 diphosphate decarboxylase , and ATP R 5 diphosphomevalonate carboxy lyase dehydrating . This enzyme participates in biosynthesis of steroids . Structural studies As of late 2007, 4 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1FI4 , PDB link 2HK2 , PDB link 2HK3 , and PDB link 2HKE . References reflist 1 cite journal author Bloch K, Chaykin S, Phillips AH and de Waard A date 1959 title Mevalonic acid pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 234 pages 2595&ndash 2604 4.1 enzyme stub Category EC 4.1.1 Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
enzyme Name aconitate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.6 CAS number 9025 01 8 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 6 GO code 0047613 image width caption In enzymology , an aconitate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.6 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction cis aconitate math rightleftharpoons math itaconate CO sub 2 sub Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , cis aconitate , and two product chemistry products , itaconate and carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the carboxy lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is cis aconitate carboxy lyase itaconate forming . Other names in common use include cis aconitic decarboxylase , CAD , cis aconitate carboxy lyase , and cis aconitate carboxy lyase . This enzyme participates in c5 branched dibasic acid metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author BENTLEY R, THIESSEN CP date 1957 title Biosynthesis of itaconic acid in Aspergillus terreus. III. The properties and reaction mechanism of cis aconitic acid decarboxylase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 226 pages 703&ndash 20 pmid 13438855 issue 2 4.1 enzyme stub Category EC 4.1.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
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