A pyrotechnicinitiator also initiator or igniter is a device containing a pyrotechnic composition used primarily to ignite other, more difficult to ignite materials, e.g. thermite s, gas generator s, and solid fuel rocket s. The name is often used also for the compositions themselves. Pyrotechnic initiators are often controlled electrically called electro pyrotechnic initiators , e.g. using a heated bridgewire or a bridge resistor . They are somewhat similar to blasting cap s or other detonator s, but they differ in that there is no intention to produce a shock wave. An example of such pyrotechnicinitiator is an electric match . Composition The energetic material used, often called pyrogen , is usually a pyrotechnic composition made of a fuel and oxidizer, where the fuel produces a significant amount of hot particles that cause promote the ignition of the desired material. Initiator compositions are similar to flash powder s, but they differ in burning speed, as explosion is not intended, and have intentionally high production of hot particles. They also tend to be easier to ignite ... of an intermetallic compound can be a strongly exothermic reaction, usable as an initiator. Titanium boron Titanium boron composition is one of the hottest pyrotechnic reactions in common usage. It is solid state, gasless. It can be used as a pyrotechnicinitiator or for heating confined gas to perform .... It is also known as NASA Standard Initiator . It yields rapid pressure rise, generates little ... r97826.html Nickel aluminium Nickel aluminium laminate s can be used as electrically initiated pyrotechnic ... nitrotetrazolato tetraminecobalt III perchlorate is another common initiator material. It is relatively ... azide Pb N sub 3 sub sub 2 sub , or PbN sub 6 sub is occasionally used in pyrotechnic initiators. Others ... patents 5942717 description.html See also Flash powder Thermite Sprengel explosive Category Pyrotechnic compositions Category Pyrotechnic initiators ja uk ... more details
wiktionarypar initiator An initiator can refer to A person that takes an initiative in making something happen. Pyrotechnicinitiator , a device containing a pyrotechnic composition used primarily to ignite other, more difficult to ignite materials Radical initiator , chemical substances that can produce radical species under mild conditions Photoinitiator , chemical substances that produce radical specials upon exposure to light SCSI initiator , the host side endpoint of a SCSI session See also Explosive booster Nuclear chain reaction disambig de Initiator ja ... more details
is also common, and acetone peroxide is on rare occasions used as a radical initiator, too. Radical ... may occur. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Radical Initiator Category Polymer chemistry de ... more details
Most human genes lack a TATA box and use an initiator element Inr or Downstream promoter element Core promoter with a downstream element downstream core promoter instead. A TATA box is a common type of core promoter in eukaryote s which is a short DNA sequence. As in other metazoan s, for genes lacking a TATA box, the initiator element Inr is functionally analogous, with a base pair bp consensus YYA sub 1 sub NT AYY, to direct transcription initiation. ref name Liston cite journal author Liston DR, Johnson PJ title Analysis of a Ubiquitous Promoter Element in a Primitive Eukaryote Early Evolution of the Initiator Element journal Mol Cell Biol. month Mar year 1999 volume 19 issue 3 pages 2380 ... for Transcriptional Initiator Activity in Mammalian Cells journal Mol Cell Biol. month Jan ... of various specific transcription factor s. General initiator All or almost all core Inr elements ... The initiator Inr refers exclusively to the mammalian consensus Inr sequence 5 YYANWYY 3 , where ... Yang cite journal author Yang C, Bolotin E, Jiang T, Sladek FM, Martinez E. title Prevalence of the initiator ... 18 to 27 relative to the TSS A sub 1 sub in the initiator Inr element. The MTE requires the Inr ..., the MTE is 3 C C G A A G C C G C G AACG C G 5 . Porphobilinogen deaminase initiator element The Red ... volume 18 issue 22 pages 6509 15 pmid 2251113 pmc 332603 ref The initiator element is located upstream ... bp to 78, which contains the sequence 5 GCTCAGTGT 3 . ref name Beaupain The proximal PBGD initiator ... requires the distal PBGD element. ref name Beaupain Dihydrofolate reductase initiator element The consensus ... start site transcription initiation site , is the initiator element. ref name Means ... core element Eukaryote General transcription factor Initiator motif Metazoan Nucleic acid Nucleobase ... DNA Sequence Requirements for Transcriptional Initiator Activity in Mammalian Cells journal Mol Cell ... of a Ubiquitous Promoter Element in a Primitive Eukaryote Early Evolution of the Initiator Element ... more details
A pyrotechnic fastener also called an explosive bolt , or pyro , within context is a fastener , usually a nut or bolt, that incorporates a Explosive material pyrotechnic charge that can be initiated remotely. One or more explosive charges embedded within the bolt are typically activated by an Electricity electric current, and the charge breaks the bolt into two or more pieces. The bolt is typically scored around its circumference at the point s where the severance should occur. Such bolts are often used in space applications to ensure separation between rocket stages, because they are lighter and much more reliable than mechanical Latch hardware latches . Often the term explosive bolt describes pyrotechnic fasteners in general. For example, it is often stated that the Space Shuttle is held to the launch pad with explosive bolts, but it is actually the large Frangible nut frangible nuts that each contain two pyrotechnic charges that split the nut into two pieces. For safety and reliability, exploding bridgewire detonator s and slapper detonator s are often used in aerospace technology instead of classical blasting cap s. More recent developments have used pulsed laser diode s to detonate pyrotechnicinitiatorinitiator s through fiber optic cable s, which subsequently fire the main charge. Gas generator s are close cousins of pyrotechnic fasteners. They are used to generate large amounts of gas, as for turbopumps, to inflate balloons, especially airbags to eject parachutes and for similar applications. Compositions used Various pyrotechnic compositions can be used, depending on the desired burn rate and required amount of energy and volume of gas produced. Some materials, such as RDX , Sublimation chemistry sublimate in vacuum, which limits their usefulness in aerospace applications ... date April 2008 Standard pyrotechnic mixtures used by NASA Manganese barium chromate lead chromate ... potassium perchlorate NASA standard initiator NSI . Rapid pressure rise, little gas but emits hot ... more details
as sources of kinetic energy for rockets and projectiles pyrotechnicinitiator s produce large amount ...A pyrotechnic composition is a substance or mixture of substances designed to produce an effect by heat ... exothermic reaction exothermic chemical reactions. Pyrotechnic substances do not rely on oxygen from external sources to sustain the reaction. Basic types of pyrotechnic compositions are flash powder ... into the firing train pyrotechnic heat source s produce large amount of heat and little to no gases ... pyrotechnic flares burn slowly, produce high amount of light, used for illumination or signaling coloured fireworks compositions produce light, white or colored Some pyrotechnic compositions are used ... s , in pyrotechnic fastener s, and in other similar applications. They are also used in military pyrotechnics ... material compositions is now under investigation by military. Many pyrotechnic compositions especially ... Pyrotechnic compositions are usually homogenized mixtures of small particles of fuels and oxidizers ... sparks Zirconium produces hot particles, good for ignition mixtures, eg. the NASA Standard Initiator ... with potassium perchlorate it is used in some pyrotechnic igniter s coarse powder produces beautiful ... sparks, used in pyrotechnic stars, rockets, comets, and fountains Ferrosilicon iron silicon alloy, used ... early amateur rocket fuels, also in pyrotechnic stars heavy, zinc based compositions may require ... compositions and in white comets and pyrotechnic stars. Sensitive to friction and impact the degree ... perchlorate. Uncommon in fireworks creates hot flame, enhances barium, strontium and copper pyrotechnic ... 20colors 20molecules 20chlorine&f false Pyrotechnic Chemistry , Volume 4 of Pyrotechnic reference series ... are often used to inhibit this effect. pyrotechnic colorant Colorants , sometimes in combination ... can be used as a plasticizer . Binders are used in manufacture of compact compositions, e.g. pyrotechnic ...?title Pyrotechnic composition A pyroguide article on Pyrotechnic composition http www.astronautix.com ... more details
Pyrotechnic stars are Pelletizing pellets or simply pieces of pyrotechnic composition which may contain metal powders, salts or other compounds that, when ignited, burn a certain colour or exude a spark effect. They are a part of all projectile type fireworks . The most common is the Aerial shell firework aerial shell . When watching this firework, it will launch into the sky, burning a lifting charge . Once the shell has attained proper altitude, due to other mechanisms within the firework, it will ignite the stars. Image Pumped cut and rolled Stars.jpg thumb 280px right Small samples of pumped , cut and rolled stars. Procedure Stars are either rolled, pumped or cut. Rolled stars are small cores of a hard material often lead shot or an organic material such as mustard seeds or even cut stars which are coated in a rotating mixer similar to a concrete mixer . First some water is sprayed on cores. Then an amount of a pyrotechnic composition is dropped into the mixer. These two steps are repeated, and the stars will grow bigger and bigger into a spherical shape. Pumped stars are stars that have been pumped using a star pump. A dampened composition is put in the star pump and is pressed against a flat surface and ejected again, creating cylinder shaped stars. Cut stars is a dampened composition spread out to an even layer on a flat surface. The stars are then cut into cubes. The stars are allowed to dry for some days before being put into the fireworks piece. Priming the stars is often necessary because they may be hard to ignite. Priming consists of coating the surface of the star with a more easily ignited substance, such as black powder. Putting Into Use Stars can be used in Aerial ... coating, consisting of a pyrotechnic mixture with an ignition temperature lower than that of the star. This is usually done if the star composition does not ignite easily. DEFAULTSORT Pyrotechnic Star Category Pyrotechnics Category Pyrotechnic compositions Explosive stub ... more details
Other uses Gerb disambiguation Portal Pyrotechnics Image Gerb Schematic.JPG thumb righ A basic pyrotechnic device A gerb is a type of firework which produces a jet of Ember sparks , usually lasting between 15 and 60 seconds. It is a thick walled tube filled with pyrotechnic composition and possessing a choke, which is a narrowing in the tube. Gerbs are often referred to as fountains . Sometimes a small charge of black powder is added to the bottom of a gerb to make it finish with a bang this charge is known as the bounce . These are commonly used at sporting events. Gerbs intended for use indoors near a proximate audience, such as at a rock concert, typically have shorter durations from 1 8 to 30 seconds and heights 4 to 50 feet . Gerbs are usually measured in terms of time and height. For example a 4x4 burns for 4 seconds at a height of 4 feet. External links http www.pyroguide.com index.php?title Fountain Fountain article at PyroGuide wiki Category Fireworks Explosive stub ... more details
primarysources date February 2009 A Pyrotechnic valve is a one time use propulsion component often used to control propellant or pressurant systems on spacecraft. The device receives a signal voltage to fire a small munition which in turn shears away a small flange that initially blocked the flow path of the attached tubing. spacecraft stub Category Spacecraft components ... more details
from a pyrotechnic stunt while he was swinging on a wire between drum set s suspended several feet ... and smoke, a delay in activating a trap door catching her in the pyrotechnic device during the filming ... by a pyrotechnic display in 1989 during the filming of an episode of the program UP2U BBC TV series UP2U . Michael Jackson had suffered from injuries sustained when a pyrotechnic went wrong during filming ... from burns to his hair and scalp. Public events A pyrotechnic induced fire incident similar ... more details
taken action regarding the use of perchlorate in manufacturing pyrotechnic devices such as flares. For example ... Agency s Richard Wilkin and colleagues, have conducted research on the use of pyrotechnic devices ... compositions for pyrotechnic flare devices. Some examples of efforts to create non perchlorate flares ... and Development Program, Elimination of Perchlorate Oxidizers from Pyrotechnic Flare Compositions year ... more details
CuO Used with chlorine donors. Excellent in composite pyrotechnic star stars . Blue Copper carbonate ... books.google.com books?id Q1yJNr92 YcC&pg RA1 PA58 Pyrotechnic Chemistry , Journal of Pyrotechnics ... category Pyrotechnic colorants ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In computer data storage , a SCSI initiator is the endpoint that initiates a SCSI session, that is, sends a SCSI command. The initiator usually does not provide any Logical Unit Number s LUNs . On the other hand, a SCSI target is the endpoint that does not initiate sessions, but instead waits for initiators commands and provides required input output data transfers. The target usually provides to the initiators one or more Logical Unit Number LUN s, because otherwise no read or write command would be possible. Detailed information Typically, a computer is an initiator and a data storage device is a target. As in a client server architecture, an initiator is analogous to the client, and a target is analogous to the server. Each SCSI address each identifier on a SCSI bus computing bus displays behavior of initiator, target, or rarely both at the same time. There is nothing in the SCSI protocol that prevents an initiator from acting as a target or vice versa. SCSI initiators are sometimes wrongly called SCSI controllers . See the SCSI host adapter article for a more detailed description of initiator s operation. Other protocols Initiator and target terms are applicable not only to traditional parallel SCSI , but also to Fibre Channel Fibre Channel Protocol FCP , iSCSI see iSCSI target , HyperSCSI , in some sense Serial ATA SATA , InfiniBand , Digital Storage Systems Interconnect DSSI and many other storage networking protocols. Address versus port In most of these protocols, an address whether it is initiator or target is roughly equivalent to physical device s port. Situations where a single physical port hosts multiple addresses, or where a single address is accessible from one device s multiple ports are not very common, As of 2008 lc on . Even when using multipath I O to achieve fault tolerant design fault tolerance , the device ... DEFAULTSORT Scsi Initiator And Target Category SCSI Category Computer storage devices Compu storage ... more details
A modulated neutron initiator is a neutron source capable of producing a burst of neutron s on activation. It is a crucial part of some nuclear weapon design nuclear weapons , as its role is to kick start the chain reaction at the optimal moment when the configuration is prompt critical . It is also known as an internal neutron initiator . The initiator is typically placed in the center of the plutonium pit , and is activated by impact of the converging shock wave. One of the key elements in the proper operation of a nuclear weapon is initiation of the fission chain reaction at the proper time. To obtain a significant nuclear yield, sufficient neutrons must be present within the supercritical ... placed initiator is critical and has to be as small as possible replacement with an external ... neutron initiator , a neutron generating device that triggered the nuclear detonation of the earliest ... or pyramidal inner indentations instead of linear grooves. Some initiator designs omitted the central ... for the neutron initiator was proposed in 1944 by Edward Condon . The initiator itself was designed ... ... Google Books . Books.google.com. Retrieved on 2010 02 08. ref Abner A different initiator code ... to the design as an afterthought and was not essential for the weapon s function. TOM initiator An improved construction of the initiator, probably based on conical or pyramidal indentations ... performed the Smiling Buddha nuclear test . The initiator, codenamed Flower , was based on the same ..., with a beryllium shell shaped to create beryllium jets upon implosion. The initiator outer diameter ... initiator was created at Oak Ridge and then extracted and purified as part of the Dayton ... of Los Alamos in initiator design studies at a test site in Sandia Canyon. The initator group built ... 1953 . Retrieved on 2010 02 08. ref The sealed neutron initiator , brought into inventory in late ... DEFAULTSORT Modulated Neutron Initiator Category Nuclear weapons Category Nuclear bombs Category Detonators ... more details
A pyrotechnic heat source , also called heat pellet , is a pyrotechnic device based on a pyrotechnic composition with a suitable igniter . Its role is to produce controlled amount of heat. Pyrotechnic heat sources are usually based on thermite like or sometimes delay composition like fuel oxidizer compositions with slow burn rate, high production of heat at desired temperature, and low to zero production of gases. Pyrotechnic heat sources can be activated by multiple means. Electric match and percussion cap are the most common ones. Pyrotechnic heat sources are often used for activation of thermal battery thermal batteries , where they serve to melt the electrolyte. rest of paragraph lifted from thermal battery There are two main types of design. One uses a fuze strip containing barium chromate and powdered zirconium metal in a ceramic paper along the edge of the heat pellets to initiate burning. The fuze strip is typically fired by an electric match electrical igniter or squib by application of electric current. The second design uses a center hole in the battery stack into which the high energy electrical igniter fires a mixture of hot gases and incandescent particles. The center hole design allows much faster activation times tens of milliseconds vs. hundreds of milliseconds for the edge strip design. Battery activation can also be accomplished by a percussion primer , similar to a shotgun shell . It is desired that the pyrotechnic source be gasless. The standard heat source typically consist of mixtures of iron powder and potassium perchlorate in weight ratios of typically ... perchlorate , and 1 vinyl alcohol acetate resin binder. ref http www.patents.com Heat transfer initiator US20020035945 en US Heat transfer initiator US20020035945 . Patents.com. Retrieved on 2010 ... A pyrotechnic heat source can be a direct part of a pyrotechnic composition e.g. in chemical ... 2 Category Pyrotechnic compositions ... more details
The Western Pyrotechnic Association is an independent offshoot of the Pyrotechnics Guild International . It was formed in 1989 by west coast fireworks enthusiasts who were inconvenienced by making long trips to Iowa and Indiana for the annual PGI convention. The club holds an annual convention called Western Winter Blast , in Lake Havasu City , Arizona , on Presidents Day United States President s Day weekend. Additionally, a smaller and less formal event known simply as Do It is usually held in October. Image WWB18.JPG thumb The Palace of Westminster 300px right Photo from a Public Display at Winterblast ABOUT the WPA The WPA was founded in 1989 by a few pyrotechnic enthusiasts who decided a west coast based organization was long overdue. In the spirit of the PGI and other pyrotechnic organizations, a network of members started the club to share their love for fireworks with each other, and to hold events that were both entertaining and educational. Club growth has soared since then and just keeps getting bigger every year. The Club hosts two events every year Western Winter Blast President s Day Weekend, annually. Since 1990 it has been held in Lake Havasu City right on the beautiful Colorado River in Arizona. There are seminars, trade shows, class C and pyrotechnic supply vending, open Class C and Class B shooting after members pass a safety class , BBQ s, pyrotechnic seminars, afterglow parties, and much more. Each night there are public displays shows for members and non members alike. Pyrotechnic companies from around the world perform some of the best displays seen anywhere. The WWB is the premier pyrotechnic event of the Winter Time. Now more than ever, people come to the Winter Blast from across the globe, and with good reason. Not only is it an exciting event, but the weather is warm and the sun is shining... most of the time . Pyro enthusiasts who live in freezing .... This event is geared towards those who like to develop and create pyrotechnic items and is also now ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 A pyrotechnic cocking charge is a device used to cock or re cock a gas operated automatic cannon , such as the Mauser BK 27 or the Gryazev Shipunov GSh 6 23 . Such devices are not necessary in an externally powered cannon, such as the electrically driven M61 Vulcan , where the external power source is used to operate the mechanism of the weapon. The number of charges carried varies by design the Gryazev Shipunov GSh 6 23 GSh 6 23 has a generous complement of ten, while others have as few as one. One of the benefits of an automatic cannon that isn t powered electrically is that they accelerate to their maximum rate of fire much more quickly. There is less spin up time for the barrels than with an externally powered rotary cannon. DEFAULTSORT Pyrotechnic Cocking Charge Category Automatic cannons Weapon stub ... more details
The Initiatior Inr motif is a DNA transcription genetics transcription Promoter biology promoter that is similar in function to the Pribnow box for prokaryotes or the TATA box for eukaryotes . It has the consensus sequence YYAN T A YY, ref name Xi cite journal quotes last Xi first Hualin authorlink coauthors Yong Yu, Yutao Fu, Jonathan Foley, Anason Halees, and Zhiping Weng date June 2007 year 2007 month June title Analysis of overrepresented motifs in human core promoters reveals dual regulatory roles of YY1 journal Genome Research volume 17 issue 6 pages 798 806 pmid 17567998 doi 10.1101 gr.5754707 id url language English format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote pmc 1891339 ref where Y stands for any pyrimidine cytosine or thymine . Similarly to the TATA box, the Inr motif facilitates the binding of Transcription Factor II D TATA binding protein TBP . ref name Xi References references Category Molecular genetics Category Gene expression es Motivo iniciador ar ... more details
match es, squib explosive squibs , electric blasting cap s, pyrotechnic fastener s, and more. Bridgewires dipped in a suitable pyrotechnic composition pyrogen explosive pyrogen are known as electric ... Pyrotechnic initiators Category Firelighting explosive stub ... more details
BPN can stand for Banco Portugu s de Neg cios , Portuguese bank Business Partner Network , a source for vendor data for the US federal government Boron potassium nitrate , a pyrotechnic initiator Sepinggan International Airport International Air Transport Association airport code IATA code Babiog rski Park Narodowy Bia owieski Park Narodowy Biebrza ski Park Narodowy Bieszczadzki Park Narodowy Bucknell Professional Network BPN can also stand for National Rail station code for Blackpool North railway station disambig fr BPN it BPN pl BPN ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 412151745 Name Zirconium II hydride Reference ref name hand Citation last Lide first David R. author link last2 first2 author2 link publication date date year 1998 title Handbook of Chemistry and Physics edition 87 volume series publication place Boca Raton, FL place publisher CRC Press id isbn 0 8493 0594 2 doi oclc pages 4 96 url accessdate ref ImageFile IUPACName Zirconium II hydride OtherNames Zirconium hydride Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 7704 99 6 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula ZrH sub 2 sub MolarMass 93.240 g mol Appearance grey tetragonal crystals Density 5.60 g cm sup 3 sup MeltingPt 800 C decomposes BoilingPt Solubility insoluble SolubleOther soluble in hydrofluoric acid HF Section3 Chembox Structure CrystalStruct tetragonal Section7 Chembox Hazards Autoignition 270 C EUClass not listed NFPA H 1 NFPA R 1 NFPA F 3 Zirconium II hydride Zirconium Zr Hydrogen H sub 2 sub is a chemical compound , a hydride of zirconium . The commercial form is usually a flammable, gray black powder. It is used in powder metallurgy , as a hydrogenation catalyst , and as a reducing agent , vacuum tube getter , and a foaming agent in production of metal foam s. It is also used as a neutron moderator in neutron temperature thermal spectrum nuclear reactor s such as the TRIGA research reactor developed by General Atomics or the Soviet TOPAZ nuclear reactor s. Other uses include acting as a fuel in pyrotechnic composition s, namely pyrotechnic initiator s. References Refimprove date May 2009 Reflist See also Zirconium hydride Zirconium compounds Category Metal hydrides Category Zirconium compounds Category Neutron moderators Category Pyrotechnic fuels inorganic compound stub ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 414434953 Name Titanium hydride Reference ref name hand Citation last Lide first David R. year 1998 title Handbook of Chemistry and Physics edition 87 publication place Boca Raton, FL publisher CRC Press isbn 0 8493 0594 2 pages 4 91 ref ImageFile CaF2 polyhedra.png ImageName IUPACName OtherNames Titanium II hydride, titanium dihydride Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 7704 98 5 CASNo Ref cascite PubChem 197094 RTECS XR2130000 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula TiH sub 2 sub MolarMass 49.883 g mol Appearance dark grey powder Density 3.75 g cm sup 3 sup Solubility insoluble MeltingPt 450 C, decomposes BoilingPt Section3 Chembox Structure CrystalStruct Fluorite cubic , Pearson symbol cF12 SpaceGroup Fm u style text decoration overline 3 u m, No. 225 Section7 Chembox Hazards EUClass not listed NFPA H 1 NFPA F 1 NFPA R 2 NFPA O Autoignition 342 C Titanium hydride Titanium Ti Hydrogen H sub 2 sub is a chemical compound of titanium and hydrogen , a hydride . It is highly reactive and needs to be kept away from heat and strong oxidizer s. Titanium hydride is together with potassium perchlorate used in some pyrotechnic initiator igniter pyrotechnic composition s and flash powder s. It also can be used to create hydrogen and Titanic acid titanium hydroxide . It is created by the reaction of titanium and hydrogen. Titanium hydride is used as foaming agent in production of metal foam s. References Refimprove date May 2009 reflist Titanium compounds Category Metal hydrides Category Titanium compounds Category Pyrotechnic fuels inorganic compound stub ar de Titandihydrid uk ... more details
Delay composition , also called delay charge or delay train , is a pyrotechnic composition , a sort of pyrotechnicinitiator , a mixture of oxidizer and fuel that burns in a slow, constant rate that should not be significantly dependent on temperature and pressure. Delay compositions are used to introduce a cough delay into the firing train , e.g. to properly sequence firing of fireworks , to delay firing of ejection charge s in e.g. model rockets, or to introduce a few seconds of time between triggering a hand grenade and its explosion . Typical delay times range between several milliseconds and several seconds. A popular delay charge is a tube of pressed black powder . The mechanical assembly prevents the outright detonation of the charge. While delay compositions are principally similar to other fuel oxidizer compositions, larger grain sizes and less aggressively reacting chemicals are used. Many of the compositions generate little or no gas during burning. Typical materials used are Fuels silicon , boron , manganese , tungsten , antimony , antimony trisulfide , zirconium , zirconium &ndash nickel alloy, zinc , magnesium , etc. Oxidizers lead oxide s, iron oxide s, barium chromate , lead chromate , tin IV oxide , bismuth III oxide , barium sulfate for high temperature compositions , potassium perchlorate usually used in small amount together with other oxidizers , etc. Additives to cool down the flame and slow down the reaction can be employed inert materials or coolants like titanium dioxide , ground glass, chalk , sodium bicarbonate , etc. are common. The burn rates are dependent on http www.allbusiness.com north america canada 689991 1.html nature of fuel fuels that release more heat burn faster nature of oxidizer oxidizers that require less heat to decompose burn ... Pyrotechnic pyro html Explosives.htm black powder with addition of inert material, e.g. chalk or sodium ...?newsid 10 Category Pyrotechnic compositions Category Pyrotechnic initiators chem stub ... more details
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