In automata theory , a pushdownautomaton PDA is a finite state machine finite automaton that can make use of a Stack data structure stack containing data. Operation Image Pushdown overview.svg thumb 340px a diagram of the pushdownautomatonPushdown automata differ from finite state machine s in two ... are not. Thus we have a model which is technically known as a nondeterministic pushdownautomaton NPDA ... of the computation, then the result is a deterministic pushdownautomaton DPDA , a strictly ... which is more powerful than a pushdownautomaton but less so than a Turing machine. Pushdown ... pushdownautomaton there exists a context free grammar such that the language generated by the automaton ... 200px a step of the pushdownautomaton In order to formalize the semantics of the pushdownautomaton ... no step is defined when the stack is empty. Computations of the pushdownautomaton are sequences ... q 0 ,w,Z math . There are two modes of accepting. The pushdownautomaton either accepts by final ... steps zero, one or more . For each single pushdownautomaton these two languages need to have ... conditions define the same family of languages. Theorem. For each pushdownautomaton math M math one may construct a pushdownautomaton math M math such that math L M N M math , and vice versa, for each pushdownautomaton math M math one may construct a pushdownautomaton math M math such that math ... into an equivalent pushdownautomaton. The derivation process of the grammar is simulated in a leftmost ... obtain a single state pushdownautomaton, the state here is math 1 math , accepting the context free ... into the nonterminals of the grammar. Theorem. For each pushdownautomaton math M math one ... PushdownAutomaton.html non deterministic pushdownautomaton , on Planet Math. http www.jflap.org ... as part of performing a transition. Pushdown automata choose a transition by indexing a table ... at the input signal and the current state they have no stack to work with. Pushdown automata add the stack ... more details
In automata theory , a pushdownautomaton is a finite automaton with an additional Stack data structure stack of symbols its transitions can take the top symbol on the stack and depend on its value, and they can add new top symbols to the stack. A deterministic pushdownautomaton is effectively a particular type of pushdownautomaton , namely ones that have at most one transition for the same combination of input symbol, state, and top stack symbol. Technically however, the notion of determinism for pushdown automata is more complicated than for finite automata as the transition is determined by both state and top stack symbol. This means that if we omit the stack from a deterministic pushdownautomaton we usually end up with a nondeterministic finite automaton. The term pushdown refers to the fact that the stack can be regarded as being pushed down like a tray dispenser at a cafeteria, since the operations never work on elements other than the top element. A stack automaton , by contrast, does allow operations on other elements, and stack automata can recognize a strictly larger set of languages than pushdown automata. A deterministic context free language is a language recognized by some deterministic pushdownautomaton. Not all context free languages are deterministic. ref cite book author Michael Sipser year 1997 title Introduction to the Theory of Computation publisher PWS Publishing isbn 0 534 94728 X page 102 ref This is unlike the situation for deterministic finite automata , which are also a subset of the nondeterministic finite automata but can recognize regular language ... for the deterministic pushdownautomaton although they are for the non deterministic pushdownautomaton . The languages accepted by empty stack are the languages that are accepted by final ... The formal definition of the computation is the same as that of the pushdownautomaton , with the only difference being that there is now only one computation for each input. For an automaton ... more details
An embedded pushdownautomaton or EPDA is a computational model for parsing languages generated by tree adjoining grammar s TAGs . It is similar to the context free grammar parsing pushdownautomaton , except that instead of using a plain stack data structure stack to store symbols, it has a stack of iterated stacks that store symbols, giving TAGs a generative capacity between context free grammars and context sensitive grammar s, or a subset of the mildly context sensitive grammar s. History and applications EPDAs were first described by K. Vijay Shanker in his 1988 doctoral thesis ref cite journal last Vijay Shanker first K. authorlink coauthors year 1988 month January title A Study of Tree Adjoining Grammars journal Ph.D. Thesis publisher University of Pennsylvania volume issue pages id url accessdate quote ref . They have since been applied to more complete descriptions of the class of mildly context sensitive grammars and have had important roles in extending and refining the Chomsky hierarchy to this class. Various subgrammars, such as the linear indexed grammar , can thus be defined ref cite journal last Weir first David J. authorlink coauthors year 1994 month title Linear Iterated Pushdowns journal Computational Intelligence volume 10 issue pages 431 439 id url http www.informatics.sussex.ac.uk users davidw papers ci94.ps accessdate 2007 11 21 quote doi 10.1111 j.1467 8640.1994.tb00007.x ref . They are also beginning to play an important role in natural language processing. While natural languages have traditionally been analyzed using context free grammars see transformational generative grammar and computational linguistics , this model does not work well for languages with crossed dependencies, such as Dutch, situations for which an EPDA is well suited. A detailed linguistic analysis is available in ref cite journal last Joshi first Aravind K. authorlink coauthors ... elements, so we denote the math ,j math th stack in the automaton using a double dagger symbol math ... more details
context date November 2008 Image CableMachinePushdown.JPG thumb right 250px Pushdown on a cable machine A pushdown is a strength training exercise used for strengthening the triceps muscles in the back of the arm. The exercise is completed by pushing an object downward against resistance. Strength training exercises Category Weight training exercises sports stub nl Cable pushdown ... more details
Distinguish2 automation as a process About a self operating machine other uses Automaton disambiguation Automata Automata disambiguation Image Duck of Vaucanson.jpg thumb The Digesting Duck by Jacques de Vaucanson , hailed in 1739 as the first automaton capable of digestion . An automaton plural automata ... The word Automaton is the latinization of the Greek language Greek Polytonic ,... automaton ... mg 8332.jpg thumb Automaton in the Centre International de la M canique d Art Swiss Museum CIMA Al ... ref His automaton was a boat with four automatic musicians that floated on a lake to entertain guests ... a hand washing automaton first employing the flush mechanism now used in modern flush toilet s. It features a female automaton standing by a Sink basin filled with water. When the user pulls the lever, the water drains and the female automaton refills the basin. ref citation title Robot Evolution ... grotto es. Leonardo da Vinci sketched a more complex automaton around the year 1495. The design ... via a speaking tube . Image TeaAutomatAndMechanism.jpg thumb Tea serving Japanese automaton ... automaton is considered to be The Flute Player , invented by the French engineer Jacques de ... , made the rounds of the courts of Europe purporting to be an automaton. The Turk was operated from inside by a hidden human director, and was not a true automaton. Other 18th century automaton makers ... Maillardet . Maillardet, a Swiss mechanician, created an automaton capable of drawing four pictures and writing three poems. Maillardet s Automaton is now part of the collections at the Franklin Institute ... Swan automaton Silver Swan automaton, now at Bowes Museum . ref http www.thebowesmuseum.org.uk ... BARREL ORGAN W.J.G.ORD HUME 1978 ANDROIDS The Jaquet Droz automaton F.M. Ricci 1979 Musical Box W.J.G.ORD ... Christian Bailly ISBN 0709074034 Notes Reflist External links Wikisource1911Enc Automaton http homepage.ntlworld.com ... online gallery of automata http www.fi.edu pieces knox automaton index.html Maillardet s Automaton ... more details
multiple issues orphan November 2008 unreferenced November 2008 expert December 2010 In computer science , a counter automaton is a Pushdown automaton with only two symbols, A and the initial symbol in math Gamma , math the finite set of stack symbols . This class of automata can recognize a subset of Context free languages, for instance the language math a nb n n in mathbb N math To accept the above language, let x be a word on the form above. The automaton can use the symbol A to count the number of a s in x writing an A for each A in x and deleting an A for each b in x . DEFAULTSORT Counter Automaton Category Automata theory Category Models of computation Comp sci stub ... more details
wiktionary automaton An automaton is a self operating machine. Automaton may also refer to Automaton , a song by London s Neo New Wave Band The Rakes An automaton, a mathematical model for a finite state machine see automata theory See also Automation disambig bg cs Automat es Aut mata eo A tomato fr Automate hr Automat lt Automatas uz Avtomat ru sk Automat th ... more details
Context date October 2009 A permutation automaton or p automaton is an automata theory automaton such that each input permutation permutes the set of states. In other words, a permutation automaton is a reset free deterministic finite automaton . Formally, an automaton math A S, I, delta, s 0, F math is a permutation automaton if and only if ref cite journal last Thierrin first Gabriel year 1968 month March title Permutation automata journal Theory of Computing Systems volume 2 issue 1 pages 83 90 url http www.springerlink.com content p2746l6r4468j251 accessdate 2009 01 23 doi 10.1007 BF01691347 ref math forall s i, s j in S forall a in I delta s i,a delta s j,a implies s i s j math A formal language language is p regular if it is accepted by a permutation automaton. References references Category Automata theory Category Formal languages Category Permutations formalmethods stub ... more details
In theoretical computer science and automata theory , determinizing a non deterministic automaton is a very important procedure. This procedure accepts a non deterministic automaton of some type and returns another deterministic automaton that recognizes the exact same formal language . Such procedure for some type of automata are very useful for their software implementation. For example, if one have a query to check for a given word if it is accepted by a given non deterministic automaton then one have to check every possible run of the automaton. Alternatively, one can determinize the given non deterministic automaton and then, for each instant of above query, one will have to check only one run. For example, the powerset construction is a standard method for converting a nondeterministic finite state machine nondeterministic finite automaton NFA into a deterministic finite state machine deterministic finite automaton DFA . Category Automata theory ... more details
A network automaton plural network automata is a mathematical system consisting of a graph theory network of nodes that evolves over time according to predetermined rules. It is similar in concept to a cellular automaton , but much less studied. Stephen Wolfram s book A New Kind of Science , which is primarily concerned with cellular automata, briefly discusses network automata, and suggests without positive evidence that the universe might at the very lowest level be a network automaton. Category Networks Category Cellular automata math stub physics stub ... more details
In automata theory , a Muller automaton is a type of an automaton . What separates a Muller automomaton from other automata is the acceptance condition. The Muller automata is defined using automaton Acceptance conditions Muller acceptance condition , i.e. the set of all states visited infinitely often must be an element of the acceptance set. Both deterministic and non deterministic Muller automata recognize the regular language s. Formal definition Formally, a deterministic Muller automaton is a tuple A Q , , , q sub 0 sub , F that consists of the following information Q is a finite ... automaton , the transition function is replaced with a transition relation that returns a set ..., Muller automaton refers to non deterministic Muller automaton. For more comprehensive formalism look at automaton . Equivalence with other automata The Muller automata are equally automaton Expressive power of automata expressive as parity automaton parity automata , Rabin automaton Rabin Automata , Streett automaton Streett automata , and non deterministic B chi automaton B chi ... automata. McNaughton s Theorem demonstrates the equivalence of non deterministic B chi automaton and deterministic Muller automaton. Thus, deterministic and non deterministic Muller automaton are equivalent in terms of the languages they can accept. Transformation to non deterministic muller automaton ... muller automaton. From B chi automaton If math B math is the set of final states in a B chi ... sup X B math emptyset math From Rabin automaton Parity automaton Similarly, the Rabin conditions math ... j. Note that this covers the case of Parity automaton too, as the Parity acceptance condition can be expressed as Rabin acceptance condition easily. From Streett automaton The Streett conditions ... math , for all j. Transformation to deterministic muller automaton McNaughton s Theorem provides a procedure to transform non deterministic B chi automaton to deterministic Muller automaton. References ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Context date October 2009 Mobile automaton plural mobile automata is a class of automata similar to cellular automata but which have a single active cell instead of updating all cells in parallel. In a mobile automaton, the evolution rules apply only to the active cell, and also specify how the active cell moves from one generation to the next. All cells that are not active remain the same from one generation to the next. Mobile automata can therefore be considered a hybrid between elementary cellular automata and Turing machines. References MathWorld urlname MobileAutomaton title Mobile Automaton Category Cellular automata ... more details
In information science , a pebble automaton is an extension of tree walking automaton tree walking automata which allows the automaton to use a finite amount of pebbles , used for marking tree node fact date January 2011 . The result is a model stronger than ordinary tree walking automata, but still strictly weaker than tree automaton branching automata . Definitions A pebble automaton is a tree walking automaton with an additional finite set of fixed size containing pebbles, identified with math 1, 2, dots, n math . Besides ordinary actions, an automaton can put a pebble at a currently visited node, lift a pebble from the currently visited node and perform a test is the i th pebble present at the current node? . There is an important stack restriction on the order in which pebbles can be put or lifted the i 1 th pebble can be put only if the pebbles from 1st to i th are already on the tree, and the i 1 th pebble can be lifted only if pebbles from i 2 th to n th are not on the tree. Without this restriction, the automaton has undecidable emptiness and expressive power beyond regular tree languages. The class of languages recognized by deterministic resp. nondeterministic pebble automata with n pebbles is denoted math DPA n math resp. math PA n math . We also define math DPA bigcup n DPA n math and likewise math PA bigcup n PA n math . Examples to be added soon Properties there exists a language recognized by a pebble automaton with 1 pebble, but not by any tree walking automaton this implies that either math TWA subsetneq DPA math or these classes are incomparable, which is an open problem math PA subsetneq REG math , i.e. pebble automata are strictly weaker than tree automaton branching automata it is not known whether math DPA PA math , i.e. whether pebble automata can be determinized it is not known whether pebble automata are closed under complementation the pebble ... transitive closure logic. See also Tree walking automaton Tree walking automata Tree automaton ... more details
Context date October 2009 In automata theory , a hybrid automaton plural hybrid automata or hybrid automatons is a mathematical model for precisely describing systems in which computational processes interact with physical processes. The behavior of a hybrid automaton consists of discrete state transition s and continuous evolution. Examples A simple example is a room thermostat heater system where the temperature of the room evolves according to laws of thermodynamics and the state of the heater on off the thermostat senses the temperature, performs certain computations and turns the heater on and off. In general, hybrid automata have been used to model and analyze a variety of embedded systems including vehicle control system s, air traffic control systems, mobile robots , and processes from systems biology . Definition Informally, a hybrid automaton is a possibly infinite state machine augmented with differential equations . It is a standard model for describing a hybrid system . Several different but equivalent formal definitions exist. Related models Hybrid automata come in several flavors The Alur Henzinger hybrid automaton is a popular model it was developed primarily for algorithmic analysis of hybrid systems model checking . The http www cad.eecs.berkeley.edu tah HyTech HyTech model checking tool is based on this model. The Hybrid Input Output Automaton model has been developed more recently. This model enables compositional modeling and analysis of hybrid systems. Another formalism which is useful to model implementations of hybrid automaton is the lazy linear hybrid automaton . References Rajeev Alur , Costas Courcoubetis, Nicolas Halbwachs, Thomas A. Henzinger, Pei Hsin Ho, Xavier Nicollin, Alfredo Olivero, Joseph Sifakis, and Sergio Yovine The algorithmic analysis of hybrid systems . Theoretical Computer Science, volume 138 1 , pages 3 34, 1995. Nancy Lynch , Roberto Segala, Frits Vaandrager, Hybrid I O Automata . Information and Computation, volume 185 ... more details
In mathematics and computer science , the probabilistic automaton PA is a generalization of the non deterministic finite automaton it includes the probability of a given transition into the finite state ... automaton generalizes the concept of a Markov chain or subshift of finite type . The formal ... automaton . In recent years, a variant has been formulated in terms of quantum probabilities, the quantum finite automaton . Definition The probabilistic automaton may be defined as an extension of a non deterministic finite automaton math Q, Sigma, delta,q 0,F math , together with two probabilities ... state math q 0 math replaced by a stochastic vector giving the probability of the automaton being in a given initial state. For the ordinary non deterministic finite automaton, one has a finite Set ... finite automaton can be written as a membership function math delta Q times Sigma times Q to 0,1 ... defined for a non deterministic finite automaton. The probabilistic automaton replaces this matrix ... letters math a math and internal states math q math . The initial state of a probabilistic automaton ... The transition matrix acts on the right, so that the state of the probabilistic automaton, after ... of a probabilistic automaton is always a stochastic vector, since the product of any two stochastic ... that it is a discrete probability distribution . Formally, the definition of a probabilistic automaton does not require the mechanics of the non deterministic automaton, which may be dispensed with. Formally, a probabilistic automaton PA is defined as the tuple math Q, Sigma,P, v, F math . A Rabin automaton is one for which the initial distribution math v math is a coordinate vector that is, has ... or final states of the automaton. By abuse of notation, math Q text accept math can also be understood ... scalar . The language recognized by a specific automaton is then defined as math L eta s in Sigma vert ... . Every stochastic language is representable by a Rabin automaton. If math eta math is an isolated ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Deterministic automaton is a concept of automata theory in which the outcome of a transition from one State computer science state to another given a certain input can be predicted for every occurrence. A common deterministic automaton is a deterministic finite state machine sometimes referred to as a deterministic finite automaton DFA which is a finite state machine where for each pair of state and input symbol there is one and only one transition to a next state. DFAs recognize the set of regular languages and no other languages. In computer science , it is referred to as deterministic computation . An example is a deterministic finite state machine which is a finite state machine where for each pair of state and input symbol there is one and only one transition to a next state. DFAs recognize the set of regular languages and no other languages. The standard way to build a deterministic finite state machine from a nondeterministic finite state machine is the powerset construction . Formal languages and grammars DEFAULTSORT Deterministic Automaton Category Automata theory Comp sci theory stub pt M quina de estados finitos determin stica uk ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2007 File Automaton.JPG thumb Automaton clock in Gloucester . The figures striking the quarter hours and the chimes represent the constituent counries of the United Kingdom. They are L R Ireland, England, Scotland and Wales. In the centre is Old Father Time, who strikes the hours. An automaton clock is a type of striking clock featuring automaton s. Clocks like these were often built during the Middle Ages in Europe . A Cuckoo clock is a simple form of this type of clock. Often, the automatons come out on the hour to strike the bells, with Death personification Death often being one of the figures, to symbolize Memento mori human mortality . More recently constructed automaton clocks are widespread in Japan , where they are known as Karakuri ningy karakuri dokei . Notable examples of such clocks include the Nittele dokei, designed by Hayao Miyazaki to be affixed on the Nippon Television headquarters in Tokyo, touted to be the largest animated clock in the world. ref http www.lostinjapan.com 2009 07 hayao miyazakis nittele nippon terebi clock Hayao Miyazaki s Nittele Nippon Terebi Clock , Lost in Japan blog . 4 July 2009. ref References reflist Category Mechanical engineering Category Clocks tech stub ja ... more details
Infobox film name Automaton Transfusion image caption director Steven C Miller producer Adam Goldworm Executive Producer Will Clevinger Producer Geoffrey James Clark Producer writer Steven C Miller starring Garrett Jones br Juliet Reeves br William Howard Bowman music cinematography Jeff Dolen editing distributor Dimension Extreme released runtime 70 minutes country United States language English budget 50,000 date preceded by followed by Automaton Transfusion Contingency Automaton Transfusion is an Independent film indie horror film written and directed by Steven C Miller . Automaton Transfusion was shot on location in Orlando, Florida on an estimated budget of 50,000. ref name Automaton Transfusion http www.imdb.com title tt0469683 business ref It is intended to be the first of a trilogy of horror movies, and emulates classic examples of the genre. The film was purchased and released by Dimension Extreme , the straight to DVD genre arm of The Weinstein Company. Automaton Transfusion 2 will be released in 2012. ref name Automaton Transfusion 2 http www.imdb.com title tt0924411 ref The film was one of Fangoria magazine Fangoria s top 10 Horror films. Plot summary In the early 1970s when everyone in America was worrying about what was going on in Vietnam, the United States Army was secretly developing a way to reanimate the dead. Their intention was to have the dead fight instead of the living, but the experiments were shut down when the Zombie reanimated corpses were unable to control their hunger for human flesh. Thirty years later the army decides to reopen the project. Grover City, because of its remote location, would be the home of their main testing facilities. Without ... ?p 14911 Scifipulse.net Review In Review A Zombie Movie made in Disney World s Backyard Automaton ... name DreadCentralReview http www.dreadcentral.com reviews automaton transfusion 2006 Dread Central ... links imdb title name Automaton Transfusion id 0469683 http www.myspace.com atransfusion The Movie ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE automaton In automata theory , a branch of theoretical computer science , an automaton or stream automaton is a deterministic finite state machine deterministic or nondeterministic finite state machine nondeterministic automaton that runs on infinite, rather than finite, strings as input ... include the B chi automaton B chi automata , Rabin automata , Streett automata , parity automata and Muller automaton Muller automata , each deterministic or non deterministic. These classes of automata differ only in terms of automaton Acceptance conditions acceptance condition . They all ... language. Deterministic automata Formally, a deterministic automaton is a tuple A ... 2 sub . ... r sub n sub r sub n 1 sub , a sub n sub . The main purpose of an automaton is to define ... finite automaton every run ends with a state r sub n sub and the input is accepted if and only if r ... run is in Acc . The set of accepted input words is called the recognized language by the automaton ..., a nondeterministic automaton is a tuple A Q , , , Q sub 0 sub , F that consists ... is the acceptance condition , a subset of Q sup sup . Unlike a deterministic automaton which ... sub n 1 sub , a sub n sub . A nondeterministic automaton may admit many different runs on any given ... automaton can be regarded as a nondeterministic automaton by taking to be the graph of . The definitions ... often will be helpful in defining the following acceptance conditions. A B chi automaton is an automaton A that uses the following acceptance condition, for some subset F of Q B chi condition ... that sub n sub is accepting for infinitely many natural numbers n . A Rabin automaton is an automaton A that uses the following acceptance condition, for some set of pairs E sub i sub , F ... Inf is not empty. A Streett automaton is an automaton A that uses the following acceptance ... is the negation of the Rabin condition. Therefore a deterministic Streett automaton accepts exactly ... more details
In computer science and automata theory , a B chi automaton is a type of automaton , which extends a finite state machine finite state automaton to infinite inputs. It accepts an infinite input sequence iff there exists a run of the automaton which visits at least one of the final states infinitely ... languages . It is named after the Swiss mathematician Julius Richard B chi who invented this kind of automaton ... of a formula in linear temporal logic . Formal definition Formally, a deterministic B chi automaton ... deterministic B chi automaton , the transition function is replaced with a transition relation ... Q sub 0 sub . Generally, B chi automaton refers to non deterministic B chi automaton. For more comprehensive formalism see also automaton . Closure properties B chi automata are closed under following ... C sub , F sub C sub be a deterministic finite automaton finite automaton . Union There is a B chi automaton ... There is a B chi automaton that recognizes the language L A L B . Proof The B chi automaton A Q ... 1 sup sub A sub ,q sup 1 sup sub B sub ,i sup 1 sup ,... is a run of automaton A on input word w ... of segments of r iff r is accepted by A . Concatenation There is a B chi automaton that recognizes ... automaton A Q sub C sub Q sub A sub , , ,I ,F sub A sub recognizes L C L A , where ... then there is a B chi automaton that recognizes the language L C sup sup . Proof The B chi automaton that recognizes L C sup sup is constructed in two stages. First, we construct an finite automaton ... automaton A that recognize L C sup sup by adding a loop back to the initial state of A . So, A Q ... automaton that recognizes the language L A . Recognizable languages B chi automata recognize ... of B chi automata, it can be easily shown that a B chi automaton can be constructed such that it recognizes ... automaton construction of a regular language for a B chi automaton. Deterministic versus non ... b chi automaton that recognizes 0 1 0 sup sup The class of deterministic B chi automata does not suffice ... more details
In computer science , Levenshtein automata for a formal language are the family of finite state automata that can recognize the set V of all string computer science Formal theory word s in the language for which the Levenshtein distance to an arbitrary word W does not exceed a particular constant. A Levenshtein automaton for W can be constructed in linear time with respect to the length of W , and can identify V in less time than would be needed if the Levenshtein distance to W was calculated for each word in the language a problem with quadratic time complexity . The construction operation for the Levenshtein automaton reflects the composition of a finite state transducer with the word. A probabilistic computation probabilistic relative of the Levenshtein automaton is the Hidden Markov model . References Klaus U. Schulz, Stoyan Mihov, http citeseerx.ist.psu.edu viewdoc summary?doi 10.1.1.16.652 Fast String Correction with Levenshtein Automata . International Journal of Document Analysis and Recognition , 5 1 67 85, 2002. Category Algorithms on strings Category Automata theory comp sci theory stub af Levenshteinoutomaat ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2010 A tree automaton is a type of state machine . Tree automata deal with tree structure s, rather than the string computer science strings of more conventional state machines. The following article deals with branching tree automata, which correspond to regular languages of trees. For a different notion of tree automaton, see tree walking automaton . As with classical automata, finite tree automata FTA can be either a deterministic automaton or not. According to how the automaton processes the input tree, finite tree automata can be of two types a bottom up, b top down. This is an important issue, as although non deterministic ND top down and ND bottom up tree automata are equivalent in expressive power, deterministic top down automata are strictly less powerful than their deterministic bottom up counterparts, because tree properties specified by deterministic ... up finite tree automaton over math F math is defined by math Q, F, Q f , Delta math Here math Q math ... is accepted if the state labeled at the root is an accepting state. A top down finite tree automaton ... nodes. Consequently a deterministic top down tree automaton will only be able to test ... Determinism As said before, a deterministic tree automaton is one where no two transition rules have the same left hand side. This definition matches the intuitive idea that for an automaton to be deterministic ... up automaton, a ground term math t math that is, a tree is accepted if there exists a reduction that starts from t and ends with q t , where q is a final state. For a top down automaton, a ground ... q t is an initial state. The tree language math L A math recognized by a tree automaton math A math ... if there exists a tree automaton that recognizes it. One important property is that linear that is, arity ... finite tree automaton is complete if there is at least one transition rule available for every ... http afp.sourceforge.net entries Tree Automata.shtml DEFAULTSORT Tree Automaton Category Trees ... more details
In computer science , Constraint automata are a formalism to describe the behavior and possible data flow in coordination models ref http adsabs.harvard.edu abs 2009acse.book..972N Linear Temporal Logic of Constraint Automata by Sara Navidpour and Mohammad Izadi, Department of Mathematical Science, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. ref . It was introduced by Arbab et al. ref http ftp.cwi.nl CWIreports SEN SEN R0309.pdf Effective Modeling of Software Architectural Assemblies Using Constraint Automata by Nikunj R. Mehta, Marjan Sirjani, and Farhad Arbab. Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica CWI Technical Report SEN R0309, October 22, 2003. ref as a variation of finite automata for model checking Reo connector circuits. Constraint automata can be considered generalizations of Probabilistic automaton probabilistic automata , in which data constraints, instead of probabilities, label state transitions and influence their firing. See also Model checking Finite automata Probabilistic automaton Colored Petri net References reflist Category Automata theory ... more details
orphan date March 2009 sources date March 2009 A continuous automaton can be described as a cellular automaton extended so the valid states a cell can take are not just discrete for example, the states consist of integers between 0 and 3 , but continuous, for example, the real number range 0,1 . The cells however remain discretely separated from each other. One example is called Computational verb theory Computational Verb Cellular Networks computational verb cellular network CVCN ref cite journal last Yang first T. title Computational Verb Cellular Networks Part I A New Paradigm of Human Social Pattern Formation, journal International Journal of Computational Cognition volume 7 issue 1 pages 1 34 publisher Yang s Scientific Press date March 2009 accessdate 2010 04 17 ref ref cite journal last Yang first T. title Computational Verb Cellular Networks Part II One Dimensional Computational Verb Local Rules, journal International Journal of Computational Cognition volume 7 issue 1 pages 35 51 publisher Yang s Scientific Press date March 2009 accessdate 2010 04 17 ref ref cite journal last Yang first T. title Computational Verb Cellular Networks Part III Solutions of One Dimensional Computational Verb Cellular Networks, journal International Journal of Computational Cognition volume 7 issue 2 pages 1 11 publisher Yang s Scientific Press date June 2009 accessdate 2010 04 17 ref . , of which the states of cells are in the region of 0,1 . Such automata can be used to model certain physical reactions more closely, such as diffusion . One such diffusion model could conceivably consist of a transition function based on the average values of the neighbourhood of the cell. Many implementations of Finite Element Analysis can be thought of as continuous automata, though this degree of abstraction away from the physics of the problem is probably inappropriate. Continuous spatial automaton Continuous spatial automata resemble continuous automata in having continuous values, but they also ... more details
nofootnotes date December 2008 Mephisto was the name given to a chess playing pseudo automaton built in 1876. Unlike The Turk and Ajeeb it had no hidden operator, instead being remotely controlled by electromechanical means. Constructed by Charles Godfrey Gumpel c.1835 1921 , an Alsace Alsatian manufacturer of artificial limbs, it took some 6 or 7 years to build and was first shown in 1878 at Gumpel s home in Leicester Square , London. Mephisto was mainly operated by chess master Isidor Gunsberg . Description Mephisto consisted of a life size figure of an elegant devil, dressed in red velvet and seated in an armchair in front of an ordinary table, where the chessboard was sited. The chessboard had indentations on each square to hold the bases of the chessmen to prevent them from moving. The figure was bolted to the table to enable its arm to reach across the board. ref Cite book last Gumpel first Charles Godfrey authorlink coauthors title Mephisto , the marvellous automaton, exhibited at the International Theatre, Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1889 publisher T. Pettitt & Co. date 1889 location page 46 url doi id isbn ref History It was the first automaton to win a Chess tournament when it was entered in the Counties Chess Association in London in 1878 and at one time had its own chess club. In 1879 Mephisto, with Gunsberg, went on tour, defeating every male player. When playing ladies, however, Mephisto would first obtain a winning position before losing the game then courteously offer to shake their hand afterwards. When Mephisto was shown at the Exposition Universelle 1889 Paris Exposition of 1889 it was operated by Jean Taubenhaus . After 1889 it was dismantled and its subsequent whereabouts are unknown. Mephisto chess computer Mephisto was later used as the name of a top line dedicated chess computer which won the World Microcomputer Chess Championship in the years 1985 1990. The name is now used by the consumer electronics company Saitek on its line of standalone ... more details
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