Infobox Anatomy Name Purkinjefibers Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image ConductionsystemoftheheartwithouttheHeart.png Caption Isolated Heart conduction system showing purkinjefibers Image2 ECG Principle ... DorlandsPre f 05 DorlandsSuf 12361434 For the nervous cells, see Purkinje cell Purkinjefibers ... of atrial Purkinjefibers arrives from the Sinoatrial Node . The following electrical origin of the ventricular Purkinjefibers arrives from the AV node Atrioventricular Node . Given no aberrant channels, the atrial and ventricular Purkinje trees are distinctly shielded from each other by collagen or the cardiac skeleton . The Purkinjefibers are uniquely dedicated to sympathetic electrical depolarization of the right and left atria and ventricles. The Purkinjefibers are further specialized ... the surrounding muscle tissue . Purkinjefibers take up stain differently than the surrounding muscle ... the ventricular contraction portion of the cardiac cycle, the Purkinjefibers carry the contraction ... from the left ventricle. Atrial and ventricular discharge through the Purkinje trees is assigned on a standard Electrocardiogram as the P Wave and QRS complex , respectively. Purkinjefibers also have ... heart purkinje purkinje1 Mammal heart, purkinjefibers LM, Medium AnatomyAtlasesMicroscopic 05 ... Histology at nhmccd.edu Heart DEFAULTSORT PurkinjeFibers Category Cardiac anatomy Category ... walls of the heart , just beneath the endocardium . These fibers are specialized myocardium myocardial fibers that conduct an electrical stimulus physiology stimulus or impulse that enables the heart to contract in a coordinated fashion. Histology Purkinjefibers are a unique end organ cardiac extension of the Autonomic Nervous System . Further histologic examination reveals that these fibers are split .... Function Heart rate is governed by many influences from the Autonomic Nervous System . The PurkinjeFibers do not have any known role in setting heart rate, but are influenced by Sympathetic discharge ... more details
Purkinje is a name attributed to several biology biological features, so named for their discovery by Czech people Czech anatomist Jan Evangelista Purkyn Purkinje cell s, located in the cerebellum Purkinjefibers , located in the heart The visual Purkinje effect Purkinje images , reflections of objects from the surface of the cornea, and from the anterior and posterior surfaces of the lens Purkinje Incorporated , develops healthcare information technology software and services disambig fr Purkinje it Purkinje ... more details
s efferents Cerebellar deep nuclei NeuroLex Purkinje Cell NeuroLexID sao471801888 For the cells of the electrical conduction system of the heart , see PurkinjefibersPurkinje cells , or Purkinje neurons ... layers pass. These parallel fibers make relatively weaker excitatory synapse excitatory glutamatergic synapses to spines in the Purkinje cell dendrite, whereas climbing fibers originating from ... to the proximal dendrites and cell soma. Parallel fibers pass orthogonal ly through the Purkinje neuron s dendritic arbor, with up to 200,000 parallel fibers forming a Granule cell Purkinje cell synapse with a single Purkinje cell. Each Purkinje cell receives a synapse from only a single climbing ..., or when Purkinje cells are activated synaptically by the parallel fibers, the axons of the granule ...Infobox neuron neuron name Purkinje cell image neuron PurkinjeCell.jpg caption neuron Drawing of pigeon Purkinje cells A by Santiago Ramon y Cajal location Cerebellum function inhibitory projection neuron ... of a cerebellar folium. Purkinje Cell labeled at center top. Image Cerebellum biel very high mag.jpg thumb left Purkinje cells. Bielschowsky stain . These Cell biology cells are some of the largest ... by a large number of dendritic spine s. Purkinje cells are found within the Purkinje layer in the cerebellum . Purkinje cells are aligned like domino s stacked one in front of the other. Their large ... provide inhibitory GABAergic input to the Purkinje cell, with basket cells synapsing on the Purkinje cell axon initial segment and stellate cells onto the dendrites. Purkinje cells send inhibitory ... CF Climbing fiber . BR GC Granule cell . BR PF Parallel fiber . BR PC Purkinje cell. BR GgC Golgi cell . BR SC Stellate cell . BR BC Basket cell . Purkinje cells show two distinct forms of electrophysiological ... of Neural Science. 4 e. McGraw Hill. pp.837 40. ref Purkinje cells show spontaneous electrophysiological ... were named after Purkinje cells where they were initially encountered Llinas et al. 1989 , which ... more details
Purkinje images are Reflection physics reflection s of objects from structure of the human eye eye . They are also known as Purkinje reflexes and as Purkinje Sanson images. There are at least four Purkinje images that are visible on looking at an eye. The first Purkinje image P1 is the reflection from the outer surface of the cornea . The second Purkinje image P2 is the reflection from the inner surface of the cornea. The third Purkinje image P3 is the reflection from the outer anterior surface of the lens anatomy lens . The fourth Purkinje image P4 is the reflection from the inner posterior surface of the lens. Unlike the others, P4 is an inverted image. Purkinje Sanson images are named after Czech people Czech anatomist Jan Evangelista Purkyn 1787 1869 and after French people French physician Louis Joseph Sanson 1790 1841 . The third and fourth Purkinje images can be visible from within the eye itself. Light reflected away from the surfaces of the lens can in turn reflect back into the eye from the rear surface of the cornea. These images are, therefore, entoptic phenomenon entoptic phenomena . The first and fourth Purkinje images are used by some eye tracker s, devices to measure the position of an eye. Brightness of Purkinje Images The brightness of the Purkinje images can be determined using Fresnel s equation where the math Intensity Brightness n n 2 n n 2 math Purkinje image I is the brightest of the four then PII, PIII and PIV III and IV have about the same brightness . The Purkinje images can be used to assess the curvatures and separations of the surfaces in the eye. See also Red eye effect External links http www.diku.dk panic eyegaze node9.html Explanation of using purkinje images for eye tracking. Visual phenomena Category Optics ro Imaginile Purkinje ... more details
Infobox Company company name Purkinje Incorporated company type Private company Private foundation Purkinje 1985, merged with D veloppement Purkinje in 1991 founder R nald St Arnault Purkinje, D v. Purk. br Pierre Paul Yale D v. Purk. br Michel Maksud Purkinje,D v. Purk. br Yves A. Lussier D v. Purk. br Yves L vesque D v. Purk. location city Montreal location country flagicon CAN Canada area served North America industry Medical software products Electronic Medical Record , Practice management software num employees 100 ref http www.purkinje.com wp content downloads transforming healthcare Purkinje transforming healthcare.pdf Purkinje.com 2009 Corporate Profile ref owner John Doerr and others ref http deals.venturebeat.com 2007 03 01 vc john doerr leads 10m investment in physician software co purkinje ref homepage http www.purkinje.com Purkinje.com Purkinje Incorporated pioneered pen computing for comprehensive clinical management of patients by physicians in 1991 with the PureMD ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc articles PMC2248094 Yves A. Lussier , Maksud M, Desruisseaux B, Yale PP, St Arneault R. PureMD a Computerized Patient Record software for direct data entry by physicians using a keyboard free pen based portable computer. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care. 1992 261 4. ref Ontology information science ontology anchored medical record was later rename Dossier that allowed Computerized physician order entry physician order entry , Clinical decision support system knowledge based clinical decision support , and billing from clinical note taking e.g. medical history recorded on a tablet computer . in 1994 and 2007, Dossier was respectively awarded the OCTAS of excellence ... 5 406 15. ref . Purkinje softwares and services currently serve over 13,000 physicians in clinics ... downloads transforming healthcare Purkinje transforming healthcare.pdf Purkinje.com 2009 Corporate ... Purkinje provides a series of professional services to physician practices including billing services ... more details
black and white . The Purkinje shift is the relation between the absorption maximum of rhodopsin , reaching ... 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD ref In visual astronomy , the Purkinje shift can affect visual ...&q purkinje intitle visual inauthor cornsweet&dq purkinje intitle visual inauthor cornsweet ... . The Purkinje effect occurs at the transition between primary use of the Photopic vision photopic ... EBchecked topic 199272 eye 64934 Spectral sensitivity curve quote The Purkinje shift has an interesting ... 2009 Purkinje noticed that his favorite flowers appeared bright red on a sunny afternoon, while ..., one for bright overall light intensity, and the other for dusk and dawn. Purkinje wrote in his Neue Beitr ge ref name wade Cite book title Purkinje s Vision author Nicholas J. Wade and Josef Bro ek ... ?id 8wKFG4ntpqAC&pg PA13&dq purkinje red blue yellow green ref ref As quoted in Cite journal journal ... Publishing Company year 1909 page 9 url http books.google.com ?id 8HoCAAAAYAAJ&pg RA2 PA9&dq purkinje ... Chap09 Page07.php Color Optical Illusions, Purkinje Effect Appearance phenomena DEFAULTSORT Purkinje Effect Category Color appearance phenomena Category Visual perception de Purkinje Effekt fr Effet Purkinje nl Purkinje effect ja pl Zjawisko Purkiniego ru zh ... more details
This shouldn t actually be a disambiguation page, but in the absence of a unifying article, only a disambiguation page can be offered. Arcuate fibers can refer to Internal arcuate fibers Anterior external arcuate fibers Posterior external arcuate fibers disambig ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Intermediate fibers , also known as fast oxidative glycolytic fibers , are muscle fast twitch muscle fibers which have been converted via endurance training. These fibers are slightly larger in diameter, have more mitochondria as well as a greater blood supply and more endurance than typical fast twitch fibers. Most of the body s muscles are composed of these intermediate fibers. References Visualizing Human Biology, Kathleen Anne Ireland, David J. Tenenbaum muscle stub Category Muscular system ... more details
Korff fibers , also von Korff fibers are thick collagen eous fibers in the Tooth development developing tooth that begin in the dental papilla , spiral between the cells of the odontoblast layer, and form the matrix of the dentin . They are 0.1 to 0.2 m in diameter and take a corkscrew path through the odontoblast layer and become incorporated into the layer of predentin. These fibers are named after German anatomist Karl von Korff 1867 1941 . External links http course.jnu.edu.cn kq zuzhitupu Cards tdev 44 bb.html Microscopic Photo of Korff fibers http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?cmd Retrieve&db PubMed&list uids 2063809&dopt Abstract NCBI Essay on Korff fibers Category Teeth Dentistry stub ... more details
The gingival fibers are the connective tissue fibers that inhabit the gingiva gingival tissue adjacent to the teeth and help hold the tissue firmly against the teeth. ref name Itoiz Itoiz, ME Carranza, FA The Gingiva. In Newman, MG Takei, HH Carranza, FA editors Carranza s Clinical Periodontology , 9th Edition. Philadelphia W.B. Saunders Company, 2002. pages 26 7. ref They are primarily composed to type I collagen , although type III fibers are also involved. These fibers, unlike the fibers of the periodontal ... to the alveolar bone . Functions of the gingival fibers The gingival fibers accomplish the following ... attached gingiva as well as the cementum layer of the tooth. Gingival fibers and periodontitis In theory, gingival fibers are the protectors against periodontitis , as once they are breached, they cannot ... fibers Image The Periodontium.jpg 280px thumb right The gingival fibers, H , extend from the cementum B into the attached gingiva. Some fibers extend Commonly used terms of relationship and comparison ... in dentistry buccal plate of the alveolar bone. There are three groups within which gingival fibers are arranged dentogingival group there are three types of fibers within this group fibers that extend towards the crest of the gingiva fibers that extend Anatomical terms of location Directional terms laterally to the outer surface of the gingiva and fibers that extend outward, past the height of the alveolar crest, and then downward along the cortex of the alveolar bone . circular group these fibers ... group these fibers have traditionally been described as spanning the interproximal tissue between adjacent teeth, into which they are embedded. ref name Itoiz However, two other types of fibers have been described in this group ref name Itoiz semicircular fibersfibers that run through the Commonly ... of the same tooth. transgingival fibersfibers that run between two non adjacent teeth and are embedded ... teeth attached with these fibers. References reflist Periodontology DEFAULTSORT Gingival Fibers ... more details
Refimprove date November 2008 Infobox Brain Name Corticopontine fibers Latin fibrae corticopontinae, tractus corticopontinus GraySubject 191 GrayPage 862 Image Gray710.png Caption Coronal section through mid brain . BR 1. Corpora quadrigemina . BR 2. Cerebral aqueduct . BR 3. Central gray stratum . BR 4. Interpeduncular space . BR 5. Sulcus lateralis . BR 6. Substantia nigra . BR 7. Red nucleus of tegmentum . BR 8. Oculomotor nerve , with 8 , its nucleus of origin. a. Lemniscus in blue with a the medial lemniscus and a the lateral lemniscus . b. Medial longitudinal fasciculus . c. Raph . d. Temporopontine fibers. e. Portion of medial lemniscus , which runs to the lentiform nucleus and insula . f. Cerebrospinal fibers . g. Frontopontine fibers . Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber BrainInfoType ancil BrainInfoNumber 375 Corticopontine fibers are projections from the cerebral cortex to the pontine nuclei . ref name pmid18982130 cite journal author Leergaard TB, Bjaalie JG title Topography of the complete corticopontine projection From experiments ... be classified as frontopontine fibers , parietopontine fibers , temporopontine fibers and occipitopontine fibers . ref http braininfo.rprc.washington.edu AncilDefinition.aspx?ID 1322&questID 1322 ref They are motor fibers that stretch from the precentral gyrus motor strip to the nuclei of cranial nerves V trigenimal , VII facial and XII hypoglossal . These fibers run alongside the corticospinal fibers . Clinical significance Several clinical phenomena result from injury to the corticopontine fibers. The corticopontine fibers to cranial nerves V and XII descend to bilateral nuclei. Injury to these fibers result in tongue weakness cranial nerve XII and jaw weakness cranial nerve V but not full paralysis. The corticopontine fibers to cranial nerve VII descend to innervate bilateral sub .... Injury to these fibers results in paralysis of the lower face, but only weakness of the forehead. References ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name Preganglionic fibers Latin neurofibrae preganglionicae GraySubject 185 GrayPage 758 Image Gray839.png Caption Autonomic nervous system innervation, showing the sympathetic and parasympathetic craniosacral systems, in red and blue, respectively Image2 Caption2 Innervates BranchFrom BranchTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre n 06 DorlandsSuf 12568789 In the autonomic nervous system , fibers from the central nervous system CNS to the autonomic ganglion ganglion are known as preganglionic fibers . All preganglionic fibers, whether they are in the sympathetic nervous system sympathetic division or in the parasympathetic nervous system parasympathetic division , are cholinergic that is, these fibers use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter . Sympathetic nervous system Sympathetic preganglionic fibers tend to be shorter than parasympathetic preganglionic fibers because sympathetic ganglia are often closer to the spinal cord than are the parasympathetic ganglia. See also Postganglionic fibers Nerve fiber External links http www.arts.uwaterloo.ca bfleming psych261 image29.gif Diagram at uwaterloo.ca Nervous tissue Category Autonomic nervous system Neuroscience stub es Fibras preganglionares ps ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin fibra projectionis GraySubject 189 GrayPage 843 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType ancil BrainInfoNumber 219 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 05 DorlandsSuf 12362087 The projection fibers consist of efferent and afferent fibers uniting the Cerebral cortex cortex with the lower parts of the brain and with the spinal cord . Efferent The principal efferent strands are 1 the motor tract , occupying the genu and anterior two thirds of the occipital part of the internal capsule , and consisting of a the geniculate fibers , which Decussation of pyramids decussate and end in the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves of the opposite side and b the cerebrospinal fibers , which are prolonged through the pyramid of the medulla oblongata into the medulla spinalis 2 the corticopontine fibers , ending in the nuclei pontis . Afferent The chief afferent fibers are 1 those of the lemniscus which are not interrupted in the thalamus 2 those of the superior cerebellar peduncle which are not interrupted in the red nucleus and thalamus 3 numerous fibers arising within the thalamus , and passing through its stalks to the different parts of the Cerebral cortex cortex 4 optic and acoustic fibers , the former passing to the occipital , the latter to the temporal lobe . External links http mri.kennedykrieger.org sitemap neuronal.html Diagram at kennedykrieger.org http www.mch.com doctors caregivers physicians radiologyStudies tractography classification.htm Overview at mch.com Gray s Nervous tissue Category Nervous system neuroscience stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Geniculate fibers Latin GraySubject 189 GrayPage 836 Image Gray764.png Caption The motor tract. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType BrainInfoNumber MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The geniculate fibers are the fibers in the region of the genu of the internal capsule they originate in the motor part of the cerebral cortex , and, after passing downward through the base of the cerebral peduncle with the cerebrospinal fibers , undergo decussation and end in the motor nucleus motor nuclei of the cranial nerves of the opposite side. Gray s Telencephalon Neural tracts Category Cerebrum neuroscience stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin fibrae frontopontinae GraySubject 188 GrayPage 802 Image Gray710.png Caption Coronal section through mid brain . BR 1. Corpora quadrigemina . BR 2. Cerebral aqueduct . BR 3. Central gray stratum . BR 4. Interpeduncular space . BR 5. Sulcus lateralis . BR 6. Substantia nigra . BR 7. Red nucleus of tegmentum . BR 8. Oculomotor nerve , with 8 , its nucleus of origin. a. Lemniscus in blue with a the medial lemniscus and a the lateral lemniscus . b. Medial longitudinal fasciculus . c. Raph . d. Temporopontine fibers . e. Portion of medial lemniscus , which runs to the lentiform nucleus and insula . f. Cerebrospinal fibers . g. Frontopontine fibers. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType ancil BrainInfoNumber 381 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 05 DorlandsSuf 12361970 The frontopontine fibers are situated in the medial fifth of the base of the cerebral peduncles they arise from the cells of the frontal lobe and end in the nuclei of the pons . The frontopontine tract tractus frontopontinus refers to the combination of the fibers. See also Paramedian pontine reticular formation External links http www.neuropat.dote.hu anastru test2ha.htm Diagram at neuropat.dote.hu Gray s neuroscience stub Mesencephalon Medulla and pons of rhombencephalon Category Nervous system DEFAULTSORT Frontopontine Fibers ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Temporopontine fibers Latin fibrae temporopontinae GraySubject 188 GrayPage 802 Image Gray710.png Caption Coronal section through mid brain . BR 1. Corpora quadrigemina . BR 2. Cerebral aqueduct . BR 3. Central gray stratum . BR 4. Interpeduncular space . BR 5. Sulcus lateralis . BR 6. Substantia nigra . BR 7. Red nucleus of tegmentum . BR 8. Oculomotor nerve , with 8 , its nucleus of origin. a. Lemniscus in blue with a the medial lemniscus and a the lateral lemniscus . b. Medial longitudinal fasciculus . c. Raph . d. Temporopontine fibers. e. Portion of medial lemniscus , which runs to the lentiform nucleus and insula . f. Cerebrospinal fibers . g. Frontopontine fibers . Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType ancil BrainInfoNumber 384 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 05 DorlandsSuf 12362121 In the human nervous system the temporopontine fibers , a component of the corticopontine tract , are lateral to the cerebrospinal fibers they originate in the temporal lobe and end in the nuclei pontis . Gray s Mesencephalon Medulla and pons of rhombencephalon Category Nervous system neuroscience stub ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name Postganglionic fibers Latin neurofibrae postganglionicae GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray840.png Caption Sympathetic connections of the ciliary and superior cervical ganglia. Image2 Caption2 Innervates BranchFrom BranchTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre n 06 DorlandsSuf 12568789 Image Acetylcholine.svg thumb 150px Acetylcholine Image Noradrenaline2.svg thumb 150px Norepinephrine In the autonomic nervous system , fibers from the ganglion to the effector organ are called postganglionic fibers . Neurotransmitters The neurotransmitters used for postganglionic fibers differ In the parasympathetic division , they are cholinergic that is, they use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter s. In the sympathetic division , most are adrenergic that is, they use norepinephrine as their neurotransmitters. One exception of this is the sympathetic innervation of sweat gland s, which uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter, at both pre and post ganglionic synapses. Furthermore, another exception is the sympathetic innervation of the adrenal gland s, which is done directly by the preganglionic fiber, and subsequently uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter . See also Preganglionic fibers Nerve fiber External links http www.arts.uwaterloo.ca bfleming psych261 image29.gif Diagram at University of Waterloo Nervous tissue Category Autonomic nervous system Neuroscience stub ps ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Trigeminocerebellar fibers Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType ancil BrainInfoNumber 511 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The trigeminocerebellar fibers are fibers in the superior cerebellar peduncles which transmit proprioceptive information from the mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve to the cerebellum . External links http www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu cere text p3 dsct.htm Cite journal author Bukowska D, Mierzejewska Krzyzowska B, Zguczy ski L title Topography and axonal collaterals of trigeminocerebellar projection to the paramedian lobule and uvula in the rabbit cerebellum journal Acta Neurobiol Exp Wars volume 66 issue 2 pages 145 51 year 2006 pmid 16886725 doi url Cerebellum Category Cerebellum Neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin GraySubject 188 GrayPage 802 Image Gray710.png Caption Coronal section through mid brain . BR 1. Corpora quadrigemina . BR 2. Cerebral aqueduct . BR 3. Central gray stratum . BR 4. Interpeduncular space . BR 5. Sulcus lateralis . BR 6. Substantia nigra . BR 7. Red nucleus of tegmentum . BR 8. Oculomotor nerve , with 8 , its nucleus of origin. a. Lemniscus in blue with a the medial lemniscus and a the lateral lemniscus . b. Medial longitudinal fasciculus . c. Raph . d. Temporopontine fibers . e. Portion of medial lemniscus , which runs to the lentiform nucleus and insula . f. Cerebrospinal fibers. g. Frontopontine fibers . Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType BrainInfoNumber MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The cerebrospinal fibers , derived from the cells of the motor area of the cerebral cortex , occupy the middle three fifths of the base they are continued partly to the nuclei of the motor cranial nerves , but mainly into the pyramids of the medulla oblongata . Gray s neuroscience stub Mesencephalon Category Central nervous system ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Pontocerebellar fibers Latin fibrae pontocerebellares GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray677.png Caption Scheme showing the connections of the several parts of the brain. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType ancil BrainInfoNumber 408 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The pontocerebellar fibers are fibers that run within the middle cerebellar peduncles , from the pons to the cerebellum . The term corticopontocerebellar is sometimes used to denote afferent signals from the cerebral cortex . ref name pmid18172629 Cite journal author Kitamura K, Nakayama K, Kosaka S, et al. title Diffusion tensor imaging of the cortico ponto cerebellar pathway in patients with adult onset ataxic neurodegenerative disease journal Neuroradiology volume 50 issue 4 pages 285 92 year 2008 month April pmid 18172629 doi 10.1007 s00234 007 0351 9 url ref References Reflist External links http www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu virtualbrain BrainStem 16Pontine.html http isc.temple.edu neuroanatomy lab atlas pmjdc http www.sylvius.com index p pontocerebellar fibers.html Cerebellum Pons Neural tracts Category Cerebrum Neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Mahaim fibers are portions of the electrical conduction system of the heart which connect to the interventricular septum ref DorlandsDict nine 000952676 Mahaim fibers ref , though there is some disagreement about their exact insertion. ref name pmid15851246 cite journal author Sternick EB, Timmermans C, Rodriguez LM, Wellens HJ title Mahaim fiber an atriofascicular or a long atrioventricular pathway? journal Heart rhythm the official journal of the Heart Rhythm Society volume 1 issue 6 pages 724 7 year 2004 pmid 15851246 doi 10.1016 j.hrthm.2004.07.015 ref They can be associated with forms of pre excitation syndrome . ref MeshName Mahaim Type Preexcitation ref References references External links cite journal author Miyaguchi K, Tsuzuki J, Yokota M, Hayashi H title Characteristic findings on the standard 12 lead ECG in patients with the fasciculoventricular Mahaim fiber journal Journal of electrocardiology volume 25 issue 4 pages 253 61 year 1992 pmid 1402510 doi 10.1016 0022 0736 92 90030 4 Category Cardiac anatomy anatomy stub ... more details
Cleanup date September 2008 Asbestos fibers are released from asbestos containing materials ACMs . Friable asbestos containing materials release fibers more readily than encapsulated asbestos containing materials. Determining airborne asbestos fiber levels The standard methodology HSG248 in the United Kingdom UK for determining airborne asbestos fiber concentration expressed as fibers per millilitre fiber ml or cubic centimetre fiber cm is via the following method br 1. Air pumps are used to suck air through a filter at 8 litres per minute for 60 minutes. br 2. The filter is mounted on a slide using acetone br 3. The slide is viewed using either Phase Contrast Microscopy PCM , Scanning Electron Microscopy Scanning electron microscope SEM , or Transmission Electron Microscopy Transmission electron microscopy TEM . Usually PCM due to cost. A PCM microscope costs approx 2500 GBP. br 4. The analyst looks through the microscope and counts the number of objects which meet the HSG248 criteria of potential asbestos fibers. A crowd counter may be used to count fibers per field. br 5. The fibers per microscope field are extrapolated to calculate a concentration value fiber ml . Unfortunately this is only a transient index of concentration rather than an absolute value as the smallest fibers are not visible via PCM. Comparative exposure levels to airborne asbestos fibers by activity Fibers per millilitre Original research date July 2009 Environmental Exposure 0.0001 fiber ml ref name bohs http www.bohs.org resources res.aspx Resource filename 575 Mesothelioma Julian Peto.pdf J. Peto, C. Rake, C. Gilham, A. Darnton & J. Hodgson, October 2006 , Observations and speculations on mesothelioma risks and asbestos exposure in Britain , BOHS Autumn meeting, Manchester, UK ref Rural environmental ... in room air Airborne asbestos fibers settle very slowly and in relation to their diameter ... 11 DEFAULTSORT Asbestos Fibers Category Asbestos Category Fibers ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name General visceral efferent fibers Latin GraySubject 190 GrayPage 849 Image Gray799.svg Caption Scheme showing structure of a typical spinal nerve. BR 1. General somatic efferent fibers Somatic efferent . BR 2. General somatic afferent fibers Somatic afferent . BR 3,4,5. Sympathetic efferent. BR 6,7. General visceral afferent fibers Parasympathetic afferent . Image2 Caption2 System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The general visceral efferent fibers GVE or post ganglionic sympathetic efferent fibers , probably arise from cells in the lateral column or the base of the anterior column and emerge through the anterior roots and white rami communicantes . These are preganglionic fibers which end in various sympathetic ganglia from which postganglionic fibers conduct the motor impulses to the smooth muscles of the viscera and vessels and secretory impulses to the glands . The cell bodies of GVE fibers are present from the first thoracic to the second lumbar spinal levels ie, T1 L2 . The nerves containing GVE fibers include the oculomotor nerve , the facial nerve , the glossopharyngeal nerve , and the vagus nerve . ref Mehta, Samir et al. Step Up A High Yield, Systems Based Review for the USMLE Step 1. Baltimore, MD LWW, 2003. ref Additional images gallery Image Gray840.png Sympathetic connections of the ciliary and superior cervical ganglia. gallery See also Nerve fiber Preganglionic fibers Efferent nerve Gray s Nervous tissue References reflist Category Peripheral nervous system neuroscience stub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin GraySubject 190 GrayPage 849 Image Gray799.svg Caption Scheme showing structure of a typical spinal nerve. BR 1. General somatic efferent fibers Somatic efferent . BR 2. Somatic afferent. BR 3,4,5. General visceral efferent fibers Sympathetic efferent . BR 6,7. General visceral afferent fibers Sympathetic afferent . Image2 Caption2 System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The general somatic afferent fibers GSA , or somatic sensory fibers , afferent fibers , arise from cells in the spinal ganglia and are found in all the spinal nerves , except occasionally the first cervical, and conduct impulses of Pain and nociception pain , touch and temperature from the surface of the body through the posterior roots to the spinal cord and impulses of muscle sense, tendon sense and joint sense from the deeper structures. See also Afferent nerve References reflist Gray s Nervous tissue neuroscience stub Category Spinal cord ru GSA DEFAULTSORT General Somatic Afferent Fibers ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Internal arcuate fibers Latin fibrae arcuatae internae GraySubject 187 GrayPage 782 Image Gray699.png Caption Diagram showing the course of the arcuate fibers. Testut. 1. Medulla oblongata anterior surface. 2. Anterior median fissure . 3. Fourth ventricle . 4. Inferior olivary nucleus , with the accessory olivary nuclei . 5. Gracile nucleus . 6. Cuneate nucleus . 7. Trigeminal . 8. Inferior peduncles , seen from in front. 9. Posterior external arcuate fibers . 10. Anterior external arcuate fibers . 11. Internal arcuate fibers. 12. Peduncle of inferior olivary nucleus . 13. Nucleus arcuatus . 14. Vagus . 15. Hypoglossal . Image2 Gray694.png Caption2 Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive . Arcuate fibers labeled at center right. System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 05 DorlandsSuf 12361842 Internal arcuate fibers are the axon s of second order neuron s contained within the gracile nucleus gracile and cuneate nucleus cuneate nuclei of the medulla oblongata . These fibers cross decussate from one side of the medulla to the other to form the medial lemniscus . Part of the dorsal column medial lemniscus system second neuron , the internal arcuate fibers are important for relaying the sensation of touch fine touch and proprioception to the thalamus and ultimately to the cerebral cortex . External links BrainInfo Hier 792 http www.indiana.edu pietsch v414output07.html Photo at Indiana.edu Rhombencephalon Neural tracts Category Brainstem neuroscience stub ... more details
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