inline date January 2009 Chemical warfare vert A pulmonaryagent or choking agent is a chemical weapon agent designed to impede a victim s ability to Respiratory system breathe . They operate by causing a build up of fluids in the lungs which then leads to Asphyxia suffocation . Exposure to the eyes and skin tend to be corrosive, causing blurred vision and severe deep burns. Inhalation of these agents cause burning the throat, coughing, vomiting, headache, pain in chest, tightness in chest, and may lead to respiratory and circulatory failure. Examples of pulmonary agents include chlorine Chlorine gas Chloropicrin PS Diphosgene DP Phosgene CG Phosgene is the most dangerous chemical of Pulmonary agents. It is a colorless gas under ordinary conditions. It has a vapor density 3.4 times greater than that of air allowing it to remain low in the air for long periods of times. Phosgene leads to massive pulmonary edema, which reaches maximum symptoms in 12 hours after exposure followed by death within 24 48 hours. Chlorine is an element used in industry. It is one of the most commonly manufactured chemicals in the United States. It is used to make pesticides, rubber, and solvents. It is also used in drinking water and swimming pools to kill bacteria. The extent of poisoning caused by chlorine depends on the amount of chlorine a person is exposed to. History The first modern history use of a pulmonaryagent was by the British and The union in the Crimean and Civil War. They simply filled shells with chlorine gas and fired. The first major use of these agents came on April 22, 1915 at the Second Battle of Ypres in Belgium. The Germans opened up 168 tons of chlorine gas on the French ... introduced the agent phosgene. By then both sides had mastered the techniques of new choking agents ... Handbook Pulmonary Agents . Retrieved Nov. 7, 2004. Roland E. Langford, Introduction to weapons of mass ..., Technology, and History . Santa Barbara, California ABC CLIO, 2005 , Category Pulmonary agents ... more details
the mechanism by which nerves transfer messages to organs Pulmonaryagent or choking agent, chemical ...wiktionary agentAgent may refer to one who acts for, or in the place of, another, by authority from him one entrusted with the business of another. In Business C & F Agent abbreviated from Clearing and Forwarding Agent. In philosophy An entity which is capable of Action philosophy Agency philosophy In sociology A social agent See structure and agency In law enforcement Special agent , title for a detective or investigator for a state, county, municipal, federal or tribal government Secret agent, spy involved in espionage . See Espionage Agents in espionage agents in espionage . In law Agent law ... to create a legal relationship with a third party C & F Agent abbreviated from Clearing and Forwarding Agent IN . Election agent , person legally responsible for the conduct of a candidate s political campaign UK Free agent , sports player whose contract with a team has expired Literary agent , person ... Press agent , professional publicist who acts on behalf of his or her client on all matters involving public relations Sports agent , person who procures and negotiates employment and endorsement deals for a player Talent agent or booking agent, person who finds jobs for actors, musicians and models, etc., in various entertainment businesses Foreign agent, person representing the interests ... public Patent agent or patent attorney , person who has the specialized qualifications necessary for representing ... law and practice Real estate agent or real estate broker , person who acts as an intermediary between sellers and buyers of real estate Travel agent, person who works on behalf of a travel agency Tuition agent, person who works on behalf of a tuition agency , specializing in introducing tutors to students requiring help in the academic area Yacht agent or yacht broker , specialist who acts as a representative for the sale of a yacht or boat In economics Agent economics , actor and decision maker ... more details
For the 1922 film starring Oliver Hardy The Agent film Infobox Single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name The Agent Cover theagentcover.jpg Artist Little Man Tate band Little Man Tate B side Just Can t Take It Released Start date 2006 3 6 df yes Format 7 vinyl , Music download Download Recorded 2006, Steelworks, Sheffield Genre Indie Rock Length Label Yellow Van Records Yellow Van Writer Windle Marriott Producer Shanks Audio sample? Certification This single The Agent br 2006 Next single What? What You Got? br 2006 Misc The Agent was the debut single by Sheffield based indie music indie band Little Man Tate band Little Man Tate . The single was initially released as a limited pressing of 1,800 copies on 7 gramophone record vinyl , on Yellow Van Records . The single peaked at 117 in the UK Singles Chart . The single was very highly rated by Planet Sound , who gave it 9 10, calling it the best single of 2006 thus far. Follow up single What? What You Got? also scored 9 10, making them one of only 3 artists to get 2 9 10 ratings with songs on one album, along with Muse band Muse and The Magic Numbers . Track listing The Agent Just Can t Take It External links http www.littlemantate.co.uk Official Website DEFAULTSORT Agent, The Category 2006 singles Category Little Man Tate songs Category Debut singles ... more details
Cleanup date January 2009 Also see Respiratory therapy Pulmonary rehabilitation a.k.a. pulmonary rehab is a Physical therapy rehabilitation treatment structured for ill patients with chronic respiratory problems whose pulmonary function has decreased, even after other medical treatment. It is also for patients who remain symptomatic, even if their pulmonary function has not decreased after other medical treatment. An example of somebody who could qualify for pulmonary rehab might have Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD . Goals and Reasons Goals Reduce symptoms, reduce disability, and improve the overall quality of life for the patient. Pulmonary rehab is also designed to educate patients on their illness and disability and to teach them good habits in order to take care of themselves and improve their overall quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation does not attempt to change or improve ... through mechanisms other than change in pulmonary function, ie increasing muscle strength, achieving desensitization to breathlessness and improving aerobic fitness. Reasons Reasons for pulmonary ... exercise tolerance Thoracic diaphragm Diaphragmatic fatigue Patients who qualify for pulmonary rehab ... of this article. Benefits of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Through the education and treatment of the patient ..., resulting in a good record of success for pulmonary rehab. In addition to this, many increases in respiratory ... patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have a greatly improved prognosis after pulmonary rehabilitation is completed. Patient Selection Patients who are selected for pulmonary rehabilitation ... eligible for pulmonary rehabilitation. Setting Several settings can be used for pulmonary rehabilitation .... Pharmacologic Intervention Many medications may be used in the process of pulmonary rehabilitation ... bronchodilators Beta 2 agonists Anticholinergic agents Oral steroids Antibiotics Mucolytic agent s Oxygen ... in MLA format . Pulmonary Rehabilitation. eMedicine. 7 January 2009 http emedicine.medscape.com ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name Pulmonary plexus Latin plexus pulmonalis GraySubject 205 GrayPage 913 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Innervates BranchFrom BranchTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 24 DorlandsSuf 12648348 The pulmonary plexus is an autonomic plexus formed from pulmonary branches of vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk . It supplies the Bronchial tree. External links eMedicineDictionary Pulmonary plexus Gray s autonomic Category Nerves of the head and neck neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pulmonary embolism Image SaddlePE.PNG Caption Chest spiral CT scan with radiocontrast agent showing multiple filling defects both at the bifurcation and in the pulmonary artery s. DiseasesDB ... 1958 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 emerg 490 eMedicine2 radio 582 MeshID D011655 Pulmonary embolism PE is a blockage of the pulmonary artery main artery of the lung or one of its branches by a substance ... Hill location New York, NY isbn 0 071 39140 1 pages 1561 65 chapter Pulmonary thromboembolism ref Symptoms of pulmonary embolism include dyspnea difficulty breathing , pleuritic chest pain chest pain ... tests such as the D dimer test and imaging studies, usually CT pulmonary angiography . Treatment ... via pulmonary thrombectomy . ref name Goldhaber Signs and symptoms Symptoms of PE are sudden ... on the right ventricle may be detected as a left parasternal heave, a loud heart sounds pulmonary ... grade fever may be present, particularly if there is associated pulmonary hemorrhage or infarction. ref cite journal author Stein PD, Sostman HD, Hull RD, et al. title Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism ... Use of a clinical model for safe management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism journal ... clinical model to categorize patients probability of pulmonary embolism increasing the models ... JF, Barnes D, Forgie M, Kovacs G, Ward J, Kovacs MJ title Excluding pulmonary embolism at the bedside without diagnostic imaging management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism presenting ... with suspected pulmonary embolism. ANTELOPE Study Group journal Thromb. Haemost. volume 83 ... of managing suspected pulmonary embolism using an algorithm combining clinical probability ... F, Leveau P, Furber A title Appropriateness of diagnostic management and outcomes of suspected pulmonary ... on evaluation and management of pulmonary embolism journal American Family Physician volume 68 issue ... of the utility of the Wells score in identifying pulmonary embolism journal Med. J. Aust. volume 187 ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Pulmonary valve Latin valva trunci pulmonalis GraySubject 138 GrayPage 532 Image Diagram of the human heart cropped .svg Caption Anterior frontal view of the opened heart . White arrows indicate normal blood flow. Image2 Gray494.png Caption2 Heart seen from above. Width 300 System MeshName Pulmonary Valve MeshNumber A07.541.510.738 The pulmonary valve sometimes referred to as the pulmonic valve is the heart valves semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps. Similar to the aortic valve , the pulmonary valve opens in cardiac cycle ventricular systole , when the pressure in the right ventricle rises above the pressure in the pulmonary artery. At the end of ventricular systole, when the pressure in the right ventricle falls rapidly, the pressure in the pulmonary artery will close the pulmonary valve. The closure of the pulmonary valve contributes the P2 component of the second heart sound S2 . The right heart is a low pressure system, so the P2 component of the second heart sound is usually softer than the A2 component of the second heart sound. However, it is physiologically normal in some young people to hear both components separated during inhalation . Additional images gallery Image Gray493.png Interior of right side of heart. Image Gray1216.svg Front of thorax , showing surface relations of bone s, lungs purple , pleura blue , and heart red outline . Heart valves are labeled with Bicuspid valve B , Tricuspid valve T , Aortic valve A , and P . gallery See also Heart valve External links SUNYAnatomyFigs 20 07 00 http www.youtube.com watch?v i9jrNh2wFzE Adult Congenital Surgery Pulmonary Valve Replacement http www.easyauscultation.com cases listing area.aspx?Position Pulmonic Auscultation of the Pulmonary Valve Recordings and Simulated Sounds Heart Category Cardiac anatomy circulatory stub ca V lvula pulmonar de Pulmonalklappe ja nn Pulmonalklaff ... more details
Pulmonary angiography or pulmonary arteriography is a cardiology cardiological medicine medical procedure. Pulmonary blood vessel s are X ray Medical uses x rayed to detect arteriovenous malformation s. Direct angiography is the injection of radiocontrast into the circulation with subsequent fluoroscopy direct X ray visualisation of the lungs. A more common form of direct angiography, is the catheterisation of the right atrium of the heart and injection of radiocontrast into the right heart. A popular form of pulmonary angiography is computed tomography pulmonary angiography CTPA . This involves venous contrast only. Invasive pulmonary angiography was first performed in 1931 by Egas Moniz and colleagues. ref cite journal author Moniz E, Carvalho L, Lima A title Angiopneumographie journal Presse Med year 1931 volume 39 pages 996 99 ref Robb and Steinberg described pulmonary angiography by infusion of peripheral radiocontrast. ref cite journal author Robb GP, Steinberg I title A practical method of visualization of the chambers of the heart, the pulmonary circulation, and the great blood vessels in man journal J Clin Invest year 1938 volume 17 pages 507 pmc 434806 ref ref http books.google.co.uk books?id Mgl9G8oU1IkC&pg PA566 ref References reflist 2 External links http www.human body.org anatomical glossary 28 angiography pulmonary.html Referencing site for great detail on Pulmonary angiography Pulmonary angiography http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 003813.htm Pulmonary angiography MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Category Cardiology Category Radiology treatment stub pt Angiografia pulmonar ... more details
In thoracic surgery , a pulmonary thrombectomy , is an emergency procedure that removes blood clot clotted blood thrombus from the pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries . Mechanical thrombectomies can be surgical surgical thrombectomy or percutaneous percutaneous thrombectomy . ref Casazza F, Roncon L, Greco F. Pulmonary embolism treatment of the acute episode. Ital Heart J. 2005 Oct 6 10 818 23. PMID 16270473. ref Surgical thrombectomies were once popular but were abandoned because of poor long term outcomes. Recently, in selected patients, they have gone through a resurgence with the revision of the surgical technique. ref Augustinos P, Ouriel K. Invasive approaches to treatment of venous thromboembolism. Circulation. 2004 Aug 31 110 9 Suppl 1 I27 34. DOI 10.1161 01.CIR.0000140900.64198.f4 PMID 15339878. http circ.ahajournals.org cgi content full 110 9 suppl 1 I 27 Free Full Text . ref Relation to PTE Pulmonary thrombectomies and pulmonary thromboendarterectomy pulmonary thromboendarterectomies PTEs are both operations that remove thrombus. Aside from this similarity they differ in many ways. PTEs are done non emergently whilst pulmonary thrombectomies are typically done as an emergency procedure. PTEs typically are done using hypothermia and full cardiac arrest. PTEs are done for chronic pulmonary embolism, thrombectomies for severe acute pulmonary embolism. PTEs are generally considered a very effective treatment, surgical thrombectomies are an area of some controversy and their effectiveness a matter of some debate in the medical community. See also Pulmonary embolism Heart lung machine References references Category Thoracic surgery Category Surgical procedures Surgery stub ... more details
Infobox Artery Name Pulmonary artery Latin truncus pulmonalis, arteria pulmonalis GraySubject 141 GrayPage 543 Imagemap Heart diagram 250px Caption Anterior frontal view of the opened heart. White arrows indicate normal blood flow. Pulmonary artery labeled at upper right. Image2 Alveoli diagram.png Caption2 Diagram of the alveoli with both cross section and external view. BranchFrom right ventricle BranchTo Vein pulmonary vein Precursor truncus arteriosus embryology truncus arteriosus Supplies MeshName Pulmonary Artery MeshNumber A07.231.114.715 DorlandsPre t 20 DorlandsSuf 12826098 The pulmonary arteries , or Ransley s arteries in the UK carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs . They are the only artery arteries other than Umbilical artery umbilical arteries in the fetus that carry deoxygenated blood. In the human heart , the pulmonary trunk pulmonary artery or main pulmonary artery begins at the base of the right ventricle . It is short and wide approximately 5 cm 2 inches in length and 3 cm 1.2 inches in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries left and right , which deliver de oxygenated blood to the corresponding lung . Role in disease Pulmonary hypertension occurs alone and as a consequence of a number of pulmonology lung diseases ... ventricular heart failure it also occurs as a consequence of pulmonary embolism and scleroderma . It is characterised ... lungs.jpg Bronchi, bronchial tree, and lungs Image Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg Pulmonary circuit ..., showing relations of pulmonary artery. gallery gallery Image Gray556.png Base and diaphragmatic surface ... disease Pulmonary hypertension Thromboembolic disease Pulmonary circulation Rasmussen s aneurysm External links GPnotebook 53805116 eMedicineDictionary pulmonary trunk SUNYAnatomyLabs 20 01 01 06 Heart ... of chest DEFAULTSORT Pulmonary Artery Category Arteries of the thorax ar az A ciy r ... ru simple Pulmonary artery sr sh Plu no arterijsko stablo ... more details
In thoracic surgery , a pulmonary thromboendarterectomy , PTE , is an Surgery operation that removes organized blood clot clotted blood thrombus from the pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries . Indication PTE is a treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension pulmonary hypertension induced by recurrent chronic pulmonary emboli . Description of the surgery A PTE has significant risk mortality ... M, Mayer E, Eberle B, et al. title Surgical aspects of pulmonary thrombendarterectomy language German ... for the complexity of procedure comes from the anatomy. The obvious part is that a pulmonary ... has to be diverted from the pulmonary vasculature and lung function taken care of by a machine. Less ... in an acute pulmonary embolectomy for acute pulmonary embolism, which is done without hypothermia ... of chronic pulmonary embolism using thromboembolectomy under extracorporeal circulation and deep hypothermia ... PF, Jamieson SW title Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension clinical picture and surgical ... pulmonary hypertension CTEPH lungs also get blood from the bronchial arteries are often enlarged ... plane to dissect the pulmonary artery . If the surgeon dissects too deeply into the vessel wall the pulmonary vessels may rupture. If the surgeon does not dissect deep enough the clot breaks proximally during extraction and the distal part of the pulmonary vasculture will not have its pulmonary ... are used to see deeper into the pulmonary vasculture. At the end an almost beautiful negative of the pulmonary ... occluded vessel.. It is not uncommon that collectively this negative almost represents the whole pulmonary .... Most patients get significant reperfusion pulmonary edema , at places where thrombi were removed ... with the thrombus removal the surgeon strips out the pulmonary endothelium. The challenge for the ICU ... avoided. Adding human serum albumin albumin does not help the pulmonary arteries are too porous ... quality of life . Further, pulmonary vascular resistance usually drops back to close normal levels ... more details
Infobox Ligament Name Pulmonary ligament Latin ligamentum pulmonale GraySubject 238 GrayPage 1090 Image Gray972.png Caption Mediastinal surface of right lung . Pulmonary ligament labeled at lower right. Image2 Caption2 From To MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre l 09 DorlandsSuf 12492915 The root of the lung is covered in front, above, and behind by pleura , and that at its inferior border the investing layers come into contact. Here they form a sort of mesenteric fold, the pulmonary ligament , which extends between the inferior part of the mediastinal surface of the lung and the pericardium . The pulmonary ligament droops down from the hilum of lung hilum of the lung . Just above the diaphragm the ligament ends in a free falciform border. It serves to retain the inferior part of the lung in position. External links GPnotebook 33947708 SUNYAnatomyFigs 19 05 10 Gray s Thoracic cavity Category Lung anatomy respiratory stub ... more details
with the capillary ramifications of the pulmonary artery . The capillaries on each alveolus join ... the two left pulmonary veins end by a common opening into the left atrium. Therefore, the number of pulmonary veins opening into the left atrium can vary between three and five in the healthy population. At the root of the lung, the superior pulmonary vein lies in front of and a little below the pulmonary artery the inferior is situated at the lowest part of the hilum of lung hilus of the lung and on a plane posterior to the upper vein. Behind the pulmonary artery is the bronchus . Within ... pulmonary veins pass behind the right atrium and superior vena cava the left in front of the descending ... Image Illu bronchi lungs.jpg Bronchi, bronchial tree, and lungs Image Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg Pulmonary .... Image Gray503.png Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery. Image Gray504.png Pulmonary vessels, seen in a dorsal view of the heart and lungs. Image Gray556.png Base and diaphragmatic ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pulmonary hemorrhage Image Pulmonary haemorrhage low mag.jpg Caption Micrograph showing a pulmonary haemorrhage. H&E stain . DiseasesDB ICD10 P26, R04.8 ICD9 ICD9 770.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 1002002 MeshID Pulmonary hemorrhage or pulmonary haemorrhage is an Acute medicine acute bleeding from the lung , especially in the upper respiratory tract and the endotracheal tube . When evident clinically, the condition is usually massive, associated with bleeding in other sites as well as more than one third of the lungs. ref name UCSF http www.ucsfhealth.org childrens health professionals manuals 29 PulmHemorrhage.pdf Pulmonary Hemorrhage Intensive Care Nursery House Staff Manual. UCSF Children s Hospital at UCSF Medical Center. 2004 The Regents of the University of California . Retrieved 2008 10 28. ref The onset of Pulmonary Hemorrhage is characterized by oozing of bloody fluid from the Human nose nose and endotracheal tube , as well as to a lesser extent in other places, accompanied by rapid worsening of patient respiration, cyanosis and, in severe cases, Shock circulatory shock . ref name UCSF Treatment should be immediate and should include tracheal suction, oxygen, positive pressure ventilation, and correction of underlying abnormalities ... The outcome of treatment is dependendant on causality. Pulmonary Hemorrhage is present in 7 to 10 ... is 1 in 1,000 live births. ref name UCSF Pulmonary hemorrhage has a high mortality rate, 30 to 40 ... associated with Pulmonary Hemorrhage. Other associated factors are those that predispose to perinatal ... are a consequence of hemorrhagic pulmonary edema , as the hematocrit is lower than normal blood usually ... this increases pulmonary microvascular pressure, resulting in pulmonary edema. ref name UCSF Contributing factors include factors that favor increased filtration of fluid from pulmonary capillaries e.g., low concentration of plasma protein s, high Pulmonary alveolus alveolar surface tension, lung ... more details
Image IPF amiodarone.JPG thumb A chest X ray demonstrating pulmonary fibrosis due to amiodarone . Pulmonary ... Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation What is Pulmonary Fibrosis? Last updated October 19, 2009 ref Symptoms Symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis are mainly Shortness of breath , particularly with exertion ... ref name pff Loss of appetite and rapid weight loss ref name pff Pulmonary fibrosis is suggested .... ref name medicinenet Cause See Interstitial lung disease Pulmonary fibrosis may be a secondary ... pff However, pulmonary fibrosis can also appear without any known cause. In this case, it is termed idiopathic . ref name nlm Most idiopathic cases are diagnosed as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis . This is a diagnosis ... C has been found to exist in some families with a history of pulmonary fibrosis. ref name pff Diseases and conditions that may cause pulmonary fibrosis as a secondary effect include Inhalation of environmental ... pulmonaryfibrosis.html MedlinePlus Pulmonary Fibrosis Date last updated 09 February 2010 ref Hypersensitivity ... http www.medicinenet.com pulmonary fibrosis article.htm MedicineNet.com Pulmonary Fibrosis Retrieved ... pulmonary fibrosis a case report journal J Med Case Reports volume 2 issue pages 169 year 2008 pmid ... ref Radiation therapy to the chest ref name pff ref name medicinenet Pathogenesis See Fibrosis Pulmonary ... name pff In addition, decreased compliance makes pulmonary fibrosis a restrictive lung disease . It is the main ..., quadriplegia ref name pmid2780083 cite journal author Walker J, Cooney M, Norton S title Improved pulmonary function in chronic quadriplegics after pulmonary therapy and arm ergometry journal Paraplegia ... involve pulmonary fibrosis. Diagnosis The diagnosis can be confirmed by lung biopsy . ref ... because while overall, pulmonary fibrosis is not rare, each individual type of pulmonary fibrosis ... characteristic6.htm title www.spirXpert.com work ref Treatment and prevention Pulmonary fibrosis which is also called Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis , ref name nlm creates scar tissue. The scarring ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2008 Infobox Disease Name Pulmonary atresia Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 ... mult eMedicine2 ped 2898 MeshName Pulmonary Atresia MeshNumber C14.240.670 Pulmonary atresia is a congenital malformation of the pulmonary valve in which the valve orifice fails to develop. The valve is completely closed thereby obstructing the outflow of blood from the heart to the lungs . The pulmonary valve is located on the right side of the heart between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery . In a normal functioning heart, the opening to the pulmonary valve has three flaps that open and close like one way doors. As these flaps open and close they force blood to flow forward into the pulmonary ... the blood becomes oxygenated. With the disease pulmonary atresia, the flap like openings are completely .... The body requires oxygenated blood for survival. Pulmonary atresia is not threatening to a developing ..., but with Pulmonary atresia there is no opening on the pulmonary valve for blood to get to the lungs and become oxygenated and the only source of pulmonary blood flow is a patent ductus arteriosus . Due to this, the newborn baby is blue in color and pulmonary atresia can usually be diagnosed within hours or minutes after birth. Classification There are two types of pulmonary atresia. The first type is called pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum PA IVS . PA IVS is a rare congenital .... PA IVS involves complete blockage of the pulmonary valve located on the right side of the heart. This blockage ... the right side of the heart, the structures on that side, such as the pulmonary valve and the tricuspid ... in around 7.1 8.1 per every 100,000 live births. The second type of pulmonary atresia is called pulmonary ... called prostaglandin E1 is used for treatment of pulmonary atresia, as it stops the ductus arteriosus from closing, allowing mixing of the pulmonary and systemic circulations. But prostaglandin E1 ... and the pulmonary artery to help increase blood flow to the lungs. As the child grows, so does ... more details
Pulmonary toxicity is the medical name for side effects on the lungs. Although most cases of pulmonary ... of radiation radiotherapy . Other non medical causes of pulmonary toxicity can be chemical compounds and particulate matter. Presentation signs and symptoms of pulmonary toxicity Side effects on the lungs ... distress syndrome , solitary pulmonary mass even including lung cancer in some cases, mainly in cases ... prohibited by law in most countries , or pulmonary nodule. The diagnosis should be made by a specialist, if possible. Correctly diagnosing pulmonary toxicity Lung symptoms in a patient who is taking a medicinal drug that can cause pulmonary toxicity should not automatically lead to a diagnosis of pulmonary toxicity due to the medicinal drug , because some patients can have another i.e., simultaneous ... exercises. Case 12 2003. An 82 year old man with dyspnea and pulmonary abnormalities. N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 17 348 16 1574 85. ref Pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs Within all classes of medicinal drugs that possibly can lead to pulmonary toxicity as a side effect, most pulmonary toxicity is due to chemotherapy for cancer. ref Meadors M, Floyd J, Perry MC. Pulmonary toxicity ... MC. Radiation induced and chemotherapy induced pulmonary injury. Curr Opin Oncol. 2001 Jul 13 4 242 8. Review. ref Many medicinal drugs can lead to pulmonary toxicity. A few medicinal drugs can lead to pulmonary toxicity frequently in medicine defined by international regulatory authorities such as the U.S. ... . Also, some medicinal drugs used in cardiovascular medicine can lead to pulmonary toxicity ... inhibitors however, pulmonary toxicity of ACE inhibitors usually lasts only 3 4 months and then usually ... are well aware of possible pulmonary toxicity. Treatment of pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs The treatment of pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs is to discontinue to stop ... cases pulmonary toxicity due to medicinal drugs. ref Camus P, Martin WJ 2nd, Rosenow EC 3rd. Amiodarone ... more details
A pulmonary tractotomy is a surgical technique to treat a penetrating lung injury . The tract of the lung injury is opened, and open bronchi and blood vessels are ligated sewn . Treatment of penetrating lung injuries Emergency surgery for a penetrating lung injury, e.g. an accident or a gunshot, is associated with a very high mortality rate . Such lung injuries cannot be treated with simple surgery they cannot be oversewn. If treated with simple surgery, blood vessels within the tract of the lung injury may continue to bleed and result in a haematoma which should be avoided. Or the patient may suffer an pulmonary air embolism and subsequently die. Penetrating lung injuries can be treated with a formal lung resection, or with pulmonary tractotomy. Comparison of treatments Pulmonary tractotomy is a lung sparing technique. It can prevent the need for formal lung resection. Its advantages over segmental lung resection include that it can be performed quicker it offers a rapid way to control bleeding haemorrhage and air leaks in patients with penetrating lung injuries. Also, pulmonary tractotomy can preserve healthy pulmonary tissue parenchyma this naturally is not possible with lung resection. ref Pulmonary tractotomy with selective vascular ligation for penetrating injuries to the lung. Wall MJ Jr, Hirshberg A, Mattox KL. Am J Surg. 1994 Dec 168 6 665 9. ref ref Stapled pulmonary tractotomy a rapid way to control hemorrhage in penetrating pulmonary injuries. Asensio JA, Demetriades D, Berne JD, Velmahos G, Cornwell EE 3rd, Murray J, Gomez H, Falabella A, Chahwan S, Shoemaker W, Berne TV. J Am Coll Surg. 1997 Nov 185 5 486 7. ref ref Pulmonary tractotomy as an abbreviated thoracotomy ... C, Moore EE, Biffl WL, Franciose RJ, Offner PJ, Burch JM. J Trauma. 2002 Sep 53 3 483 7. ref ref Pulmonary ... is the same with pulmonary tractotomy and lung resection both are viable surgical treatment options ..., rather than the type of treatment. ref Pulmonary tractotomy versus lung resection viable options ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Pulmonary talcosis low mag cropped.jpg Caption Pulmonary talcosis. H&E stain . DiseasesDB 34117 ICD10 ICD10 J 62 0 j 60 ICD9 ICD9 502 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Pulmonary talcosis , less specifically referred to as talcosis , is a pulmonary disorder due to talc . It has been related to silicosis resulting from inhalation of talc and silicates. It is also tied to heroin use where talc might be used as an adulterant to increase weight and street value. ref http books.google.com books?id OHW y6G7AWAC&pg PA934&lpg PA934&dq talcosis heroin use&source bl&ots zOfJgMZR s&sig D7SQafkS7zzJuIj2PDsrwcQ4pe0&hl en&ei uVjLSvqjMYeQtgeiwOzxAQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 10 v onepage&q talcosis 20heroin 20use&f false ...For example, the injection of talc diluted heroin causes talcosis... Obstetric anesthesia principles and practice. By David H. Chestnut ref It is one of several noted associations and possible risks of heroin use. ref name pmid6655726 Cite journal last1 Davis first1 LL. title Pulmonary mainline granulomatosis talcosis secondary to intravenous heroin abuse with characteristic x ray findings of asbestosis. journal J Natl Med Assoc volume 75 issue 12 pages 1225 8 month Dec year 1983 doi PMID 6655726 pmc 2561715 pmid 6655726 ref Additional images gallery Image Pulmonary talcosis low mag.jpg Pulmonary talcosis. H&E stain . gallery References reflist 2 Category Lung diseases due to external agents medicine stub Respiratory pathology sl Talkoza ... more details
Image Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg thumb 400px Pulmonary circulation is the portion of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygen depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs , and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart. The term is contrasted with systemic circulation . A separate system known as the bronchial circulation supplies blood to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung. Course Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart again. De oxygenated blood leaves the heart, goes to the lungs, and then re enters the heart oxygen poor blood leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery, the only artery in the body that carries oxygen poor blood, to the capillaries where carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood cell into the alveoli, and oxygen diffuses out of the alveoli into the blood. Blood leaves the capillaries to the pulmonary vein, the only vein in the body that carries oxygen rich blood in the body ... , into the right ventricle . Blood is then pumped through the semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery . Arteries From the right ventricle , blood is pumped through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the left and right pulmonary arteries one for each lung and travels through the lungs . Lungs The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where it releases carbon dioxide and pick ... pulmonary veins , which return it to the left heart , completing the pulmonary cycle. This blood ... the systemic circulation before returning again to the pulmonary circulation. History Pulmonary ... Harvey in 1616. Embryonic The pulmonary circulation loop is virtually bypassed in fetal circulation ... expand at birth, the pulmonary pressure drops and blood is drawn from the right atrium into the right ventricle and through the pulmonary circuit. Over the course of several months, the foramen ... ovalis in the adult heart. See also Pulmonary hypertension References Reflist Respiratory physiology ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Pulmonary edema Image PulmEdema.PNG Caption Pulmonary edema with small pleural effusions ... Pulmonary edema American English , or oedema British English both words from the Greek polytonic , is edema fluid accumulation in the lung s. ref DorlandsDict three 000033856 pulmonary edema ... of the heart to remove fluid from the lung circulation cardiogenic pulmonary edema or a direct injury to the lung parenchyma noncardiogenic pulmonary edema . ref name Ware Ware LB, Matthay MA. Acute pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med 2005 353 2788 96. PMID 16382065. ref Treatment depends on the cause ... of pulmonary edema include shortness of breath difficulty breathing , haemoptysis coughing up blood , diaphoresis excessive sweating , anxiety , and pallor pale skin . A classic sign of pulmonary edema ..., in general, due to its main complication of Hypoxia medical hypoxia . If pulmonary edema has been ... File Pulmonary oedema.jpg thumb right X Ray showing Pulmonary oedema In general, pulmonary ... are characteristic for pulmonary edema. The presence of a third heart sound S3 is predictive of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. ref name Ware In general, blood tests are performed for electrolyte ... pulmonary edema, whereas patchy alveolar infiltrates with air bronchograms are more indicative ... main forms of pulmonary edema. ref name Ware Causes Pulmonary edema is either due to direct damage ... or indirectly caused by increased pulmonary blood pressure , pulmonary edema may appear when this pressure ... what.html What Is Pulmonary Hypertension? From Diseases and Conditions Index DCI . National Heart, Lung ... distress syndrome Alveolar Inhalation of toxic gases Pulmonary contusion , i.e., high energy trauma Pulmonary aspiration Aspiration , e.g., gastric fluid or in case of drowning Reexpansion, i.e. ... Immersion pulmonary edema ref name pmid9068153 cite journal author Hampson NB, Dunford RG title Pulmonary edema of scuba divers journal Undersea Hyperb Med volume 24 issue 1 pages 29 33 year 1997 ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pulmonary arterial hypertension Image Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg Caption Pulmonary ... In medicine , pulmonary hypertension PH is an increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary artery , pulmonary vein , or pulmonary capillaries, together known as the lung Pulmonary circulation vasculature ... are exacerbated by exertion. Pulmonary hypertension can be a severe disease with a markedly decreased ... classification of pulmonary hypertension journal J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. volume 43 issue 12 Suppl ... coughing up blood . Pulmonary venous hypertension typically presents with shortness of breath while lying flat or sleeping orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea , while pulmonary arterial hypertension ... examination is performed to look for typical signs of pulmonary hypertension, including a loud ... is also sought and, if present, is consistent with the presence of pulmonary hypertension. Diagnosis Because pulmonary hypertension can be of five major types, a series of tests must be performed to distinguish pulmonary arterial hypertension from venous, hypoxic, thromboembolic, or miscellaneous varieties. A physical examination is performed to look for typical signs of pulmonary hypertension ..., a loud P sub 2 sub or Pulmonary valve pulmonic valve closure sound part of the second heart sound , para sternal heave, possible S sub 3 sub or third heart sound, and pulmonary regurgitation . Other ... reflux , and Nail clubbing clubbing . Further procedures are required to confirm the presence of pulmonary hypertension and exclude other possible diagnoses. These generally include pulmonary function ... thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Biopsy of the lung is usually not indicated unless the pulmonary ... peptide BNP level is also being used now to follow progress of patients with pulmonary hypertension. Diagnosis of PAH requires the presence of pulmonary hypertension with two other conditions. Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure PAOP or PCWP must be less than 15 mm Hg 2000 Pa and pulmonary ... more details
Pulmonary toilet , also called pulmonary hygiene , ref name Moody77 cite journal author Moody LE title Primer for pulmonary hygiene journal Am J Nurs volume 77 issue 1 pages 104 6 year 1977 month January pmid 584121 doi 10.2307 3424229 jstor 3424229 ref is a set of methods used to clear mucus and secretion s from the airway s. The word pulmonary refers to the lung s. Toilet Etymology The word toilet is related to the French toilette , refers to body care and hygiene this root is used in words such as toiletry that also relate to cleansing. Pulmonary toilet prevents atelectasis the collapse of the alveoli of the lungs and rids the respiratory system of secretions, ref name Allen96 cite journal author Allen GS, Coates NE title Pulmonary contusion A collective review journal The American Surgeon volume 62 issue 11 pages 895 900 year 1996 month November pmid 8895709 doi url ref which could cause respiratory infection s. It can also decrease pulmonary shunt ing, increase the functional reserve capacity of the lungs, and prevent respiratory infection after chest trauma . ref name Michaels04 ... in a position that allows secretions to drain by gravity. Methods Methods used for pulmonary toilet ... and nasotracheal suction. ref name AllenCox98 cite journal author Allen GS, Cox CS title Pulmonary ... therapeutically as part of pulmonary toilet. ref name Michaels04 Incentive spirometry and use of analgesic s pain medications that do not inhibit breathing are also parts of pulmonary toilet. ref ... Goodman07 cite book author Goodman G chapter Chronic pulmonary disease Bronchopulmonary dysplasia editor ... 22pulmonary toilet 22 ref Tracheotomy facilitates pulmonary toilet. ref name isbn0 387 98393 7 cite .... ref name Michaels04 Applications Pulmonary toilet is used for preventing infections such as pneumonia ... toilet 22 ref For people with chronic lung disease s, pulmonary toilet is used to prevent infections and lung abscess es. ref name Wilson01B Virk and Wilson, p. 153 ref Pulmonary toilet is also ... more details
areas in radiography in the lung caused by pulmonary lacerations on the left of the image black arrows ... eMedicineTopic MeshID A pulmonary laceration is a chest injury in which lung tissue is torn or cut. ref name Karmy02 cite book chapter Pulmonary contusion author Sattler S, Maier RV editor Karmy ... serious than pulmonary contusion , pulmonary laceration involves disruption of the architecture of the lung ...&pg PA120&dq pulmonary contusion accessdate 2008 04 26 page 120 ref while pulmonary contusion does not. ref name Wicky00 Pulmonary laceration is commonly caused by penetrating trauma but may .... Causes Pulmonary laceration is a common result of penetrating trauma but may also be caused ... Essentials of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins location ... doi 10.1016 j.rcl.2005.10.006 ref Pulmonary laceration may result from blunt and penetrating forces that occur in the same injury and may be associated with pulmonary contusion. ref name ullman03 cite journal author Ullman EA, Donley LP, Brady WJ title Pulmonary trauma emergency department evaluation ... name MillerLA06 As with contusions, pulmonary lacerations usually occur near solid structures in the chest such as ribs. ref name Collins07 Pulmonary laceration is suspected when rib fractures are present. ref name Hopkins08 Classification In 1988, a group led by R.B. Wagner divided pulmonary lacerations ... ?id Bif0zpmEWtAC&pg PT361&vq pulmonary laceration&dq pulmonary laceration ref In type ... EJ, Steinberg KP title Type 2 pulmonary laceration A marker of blunt high energy injury to the lung ... injury that may accompany pulmonary laceration A pulmonary laceration can cause air to leak out ... pulmonary contusion accessdate 2008 04 26 pages 532 ref and into the pleural cavity pleural space , if the laceration goes through to it. ref name mlr07 Pulmonary laceration invariably results in pneumothorax ... url http books.google.com ?id bzm12Y1RhBAC&pg PA64&dq pulmonary laceration ref Unlike hemothoraces ... more details
A pulmonary shunt is a physiological condition which results when the alveoli of the lung are perfusion perfused with blood as normal, but Ventilation physiology ventilation the supply of air fails to supply the perfused region. In other words, the ventilation perfusion ratio the ratio of air reaching the alveoli to blood perfusing them is zero. ref name Garay89 cite book author Garay S, Kamelar D chapter Pathophysiology of trauma associated respiratory failure editor Hood RM, Boyd AD, Culliford AT title Thoracic Trauma publisher Saunders location Philadelphia year 1989 pages 328 332 isbn 0 7216 2353 0 oclc doi accessdate ref A pulmonary shunt often occurs when the alveoli fill with fluid, causing parts of the lung to be unventilated although they are still perfused. ref name Fraser88 cite book author Fraser, Robert title Diagnosis of Diseases of the Chest publisher Saunders location Philadelphia ... cause of hypoxemia inadequate blood oxygen in pulmonary edema and conditions such as pneumonia ... shunt is rarely over 4 in pathological conditions such as pulmonary contusion , the shunt fraction ... shunt refers to areas in the lung where perfusion exceeds ventilation. Pulmonary shunting is minimized by the normal reflex Vasoconstriction constriction of pulmonary vasculature to hypoxia. Without this hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, shunt and its hypoxic effects would worsen. For example ... the hypoxia caused by shunting. A decrease in perfusion relative to ventilation as occurs in pulmonary ... author Prentice D, Ahrens T title Pulmonary complications of trauma journal Critical Care Nursing Quarterly ... at which gas exchange does not take place, such as the trachea. Pulmonary shunting causes the blood ... A pulmonary shunt is a right to left shunt. The shunt which means V Q 0 for that particular part of the lung ... via the pulmonary veins. If giving pure oxygen at 100 for five ten minutes doesn t raise the arterial ... of a pulmonary shunt. This is because although the PO2 of alveolar gas has been changed by giving ... more details
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