Publicparticipation is a political principle or practice, and may also be recognised as a right right to publicparticipation . The terms publicparticipation may be used interchangeably with the concept or practice of stakeholder engagement and or popular participation. Generally publicparticipation .... The principle of publicparticipation holds that those who are affected by a decision have a right to be involved in the decision making process. Publicparticipation implies that the public s contribution ... Values for the Practice of PublicParticipation ref ref name autogenerated1 http www.co intelligence.org CIPol publicparticipation.html Principles of PublicParticipation Bot generated title ref Public ... for the participation of the whole community or society. ref name autogenerated1 Public ... , public policy and international relief and development programs. Publicparticipation is advanced by the humanism humanist movements and in the context of post modernism. Publicparticipation may be advanced as part of a people first paradigm shift. In this respect publicparticipation may challenge ... of more heads are better than one and arguing that publicparticipation can sustain productive ... initiatives pubs ptdv1000.pdf ref The role of publicparticipation in economic and human development ... Participation in Development and Transformation Bot generated title ref Public policy In some countries publicparticipation has become a central principle of public policy making. In the UK it has ..., online discussion forums, or deliberative citizens juries. There are many different publicparticipation ... engagement mechanisms, Science, Technology, & Human Values, 30 2 , 251 290. ref Publicparticipation is viewed as a tool, intended to inform planning, organising or funding of activities. Publicparticipation ... practice. ref http www.involve.org.uk evaluation ref In the USA publicparticipation in administrative ... for a specified period of time. Publicparticipation is typically mandatory for rules promulgated by executive ... more details
PublicParticipation Geographic Information Systems PPGIS was born, as a term, in 1996 at the meetings of the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis NCGIA . ref Sieber, R. 2006. PublicParticipation and Geographic Information Systems A Literature Review and Framework. Annals of the American ... ppgishom.html PublicParticipation GIS, NCGIA Workshop Orono, Maine, US, 10 13 July 1996 ref PPGIS is meant ...., 2008. PublicParticipation GIS PPGIS , in K. Kemp Eds. Encyclopedia of GIS Sage Publications, p. 351 .... PublicParticipation and Geographic Information Systems A Literature Review and Framework. Annals of the American ... with the public to let them learn the technologies, then producing their own GIS. PublicParticipation ... in the community. Examples PublicParticipation in decision making processes works not only to identify ..., D, Langford, M. Using IT approaches to promote publicparticipation in renewable energy planning ... publicparticipation. Through a multi criteria spatial decision support system stakeholders were ... planning and publicparticipation An application to the strategic planning of wind farm sites ... publicparticipation in spatial planning for transportation system development ref Zhong, E. A model ... into the community ref Kingston, R. Community decision making PublicParticipation in Local Policy ... student bibs slurie.htm PublicParticipation and GIS Annotated Bibliography http www.iapad.org bibliography.htm ... publicparticipation Planning for Real system. Leeds University of Leeds, School of Geography, Case ... information technologies and community planning Spatial empowerment and publicparticipation. http ... 35 38. Sieber, Rene. PublicParticipation Geographic Information Systems A Literature Review and Framework ... of marginalized populations, who have little voice in the public arena, through geographic technology education and participation. PPGIS uses and produces digital maps, satellite imagery, sketch maps ... evaluated by Sawicki and Peterman. ref Craig, et al. 2002. Community Participation and Geographic ... more details
name ART115 EPC Article 115 ref This is a form of publicparticipation to patent examination. Filing ... for public to challenge validity of patents after they issue PublicparticipationPublic Patent Foundation Reexamination , US procedure for public to challenge validity of patents after they issue. Peer ... and PatentFizz DEFAULTSORT PublicParticipation In Patent Examination Category Patent law Category ...The involvement of the public in patent examination has been proposed and is currently used in some forms to help identifying relevant prior art and, more generally, to help assessing whether patent application s and invention s meet the requirements of patent patent law , such as novelty patent novelty , inventive step and non obviousness inventive step or non obviousness , and sufficiency of disclosure . Rationale The rationale for publicparticipation in patent application review is that knowledgeable ... where the public may submit prior art and commentary relevant to a given patent application and patent ... documents 1100 1134.htm sect1134 35 USC 122 plus MPEP commentary ref The public may, however, provide ... and public comment is sought. After the lapsing of a certain period 90 days in Australia ... the quality of patent examination, as well as re examination, through the involvement of the public ... reviewed by members of the interested public. They can submit prior art along with commentary and vote ... applications have been opened to the public and 8 have completed reviews. Over 28,000 site visits have ... peertopatent 2008 04 public successf.html PUBLIC SUCCESSFULLY PARTICIPATES IN U.S. PATENT EXAMINATION ... the public can comment on all pending published US patent applications. ref http www.patentdebate.com ... provides a community review format for enlisting members of the public to search for prior art ... title Requesting prior art from the public in exchange for a reward . ref Article One Partners ... members of the public to search for prior art for issued patents. bounty reward Bounties were offered ... more details
Censorship A strategic lawsuit against publicparticipation SLAPP is a lawsuit that is intended to censor ... the hospital facilities. The first case to discuss and apply the Protection of PublicParticipation .... Saanich , the Protection of PublicParticipation Act went into effect in British Columbia in April ... cal425 3.html Cal. Code of Civil Procedure 425.17 a participation in matters of public significance ... Publicparticipation Spamigation Vexatious litigation nb10 col break Case studies McDonald s Restaurants ... SLAPPs&mdash Strategic Lawsuits Against PublicParticipation Coming to a Controversy Near You &mdash ... of some public interest or social significance. ref George W. Pring and Penelope Canan, SLAPPs Getting ... contact had to be about a public issue to protected by the Right to Petition the Government ... broadly in one state California where it includes suits about speech on any public issue. ref See ... the defendants in their public criticism of the particular project. In Ontario, the decision ... body. It also applies to speech in a public forum about an issue of public interest and to any other petition or speech conduct about an issue of public interest. To win an anti SLAPP motion, the defendant ..., this statute prohibits anti SLAPP motions in response to certain public interest lawsuits and class ... statutes cal425 3.html Cal. Code of Civil Procedure 425.17 b public interest litigation and http www.casp.net ... 2009, Rep. Steve Cohen introduced the Citizen Participation Act, http www.opencongress.org bill ... to issues of public concern. On the other hand, it is important that such statutes be limited in scope lest the constitutional right of access to the courts whether by private figures, public figures, or public officials be improperly thwarted. There is a genuine double edged challenge to those who ... States to create a high substantive burden to tort and tort like claims which seek redress for public speech, especially public speech which addresses matters of public concern. The common law ... more details
orphan date June 2009 The Convention on the Participation of Foreigners in Public Life at Local Level is a treaty of the Council of Europe , adopted in 1992. It grants alien law foreigners the right to vote in local election s, provided that they fulfil the same legal requirements as apply to nationals and have been lawful and habitual residents in the State concerned for the 5 years preceding the elections. The convention came into force in 1997, after the fourth ratification. As of 2010, the Convention has been ratified by eight member states. 5 more states have signed the convention, but not yet ratified it. ref http www.conventions.coe.int Treaty Commun ChercheSig.asp?NT 144&CM 2&DF 6 14 2009&CL ENG ref References reflist External links http www.conventions.coe.int Treaty en Treaties Html 144.htm Text of the Convention Category Council of Europe conventions and covenants Category Election law Category Immigration law Category Local government Category Treaties concluded in 1992 Category Treaties entered into force in 1997 Category Immigration to Europe Category 1992 in Europe Category 1997 in Europe Euro law stub de Europ isches bereinkommen ber die Beteiligung von Ausl ndern am kommunalen ffentlichen Leben fr Convention sur la participation des trangers la vie publique au niveau local ru ... more details
wiktionarypar participationParticipation may refer to Participation decision making , a notion in theory of management, economics and politics Participation ownership , sharing something in common with others Participation Finance , getting some benefit from the performance of a certain underlying asset e participation , refers to participation in e government, and is related to the involvement of the citizen in the democratic process. Participant Participant redirects here. Participant Productions disambig es Participaci n sr ... more details
Image Ceep.jpg thumb right CEEP European Centre of Enterprises with PublicParticipation and of Enterprises of General economic Interest CEEP Centre europ en des entreprises participation publique et des entreprises d int r t conomique g n ral is a European Union European association to represent public enterprises and enterprises which carry out services of general economic interest, whatever their ownership or status. CEEP is one of the three social partners UNICE and CEEP as employers associations and ETUC as employee s association on European level, recognized by the European Commission and it represents public sector employers in the European Social Dialogue. CEEP, and its Brussels office General Secretariat, represents the interests of its members before European institutions. By means of contacts to European institutions such as the European Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee as well as the departments of the EU Commission, as a social partner CEEP is consulted by the Directorate Generals of the European Commission on draft European Union regulation Regulations , European Union directive Directives and other legislation of interest to its members. CEEP sends representatives and observers to committees and consultative bodies of the European institutions, and so is able to keep its members up to date on the latest developments at European level which are of interest to them. President of CEEP is former mayor of Stockholm Carl Cederschi ld . External links http www.ceep.eu Website of CEEP http www.udpt.sk doc medzvztahy CEEP 20Activity 20Report 202008.pdf CEEP Activity Report 2008 http www.ppe.uk.com Website of the British section of CEEP Category Labour relations Category Organizations based in Europe Category Economy of the European Union de European Centre of Enterprises with PublicParticipation and of Enterprises of General Economic Interest fr Centre europ en des entreprises participation publique et des entreprises d int r t conomique ... more details
In social sciences, participation inequality consists of difference between levels of participation of various groups in certain activities. Common examples include differing levels of participation in democratic, electoral politics, by social class, race, gender, etc. differing levels of participation in online communities as described by Jakob Nielsen usability consultant Jakob Nielsen ref http www.useit.com alertbox participation inequality.html ref . In politics, participation inequality typically affects the kinds of individuals, such as the young, the poor and those with little formal education ref name enumtoNRE cite journal url http www.irpp.org choices archive vol9no7.pdf format PDF title From Enumeration to the National Register of Electors An Account and an Evaluation last Black first Jerome H. journal Choices publisher Institute for Research on Public Policy volume 9 number 7 issn 0711 0677 date 7 August 2003 accessdate 2011 03 30 ref who tend to not take the initiative to participate in electoral and related events. State enumeration, such as was done in Canada before the implementation of the National Register of Electors in 1996, worked to augment voter turnout among all segments of society and thus mitigated a natural tendency toward participation inequality in electoral politics . ref name enumtoNRE See also 1 rule Internet culture 1 rule Pareto principle References references Category Sociology Category Politics politics stub socio stub ... more details
Creative Participation is a term used in social sciences to describe the position of the observer towards the observed. Creative Participation originally a Lucien L vy Bruhl term from the 1920 s for analysing social relations of cultural groupings, modified and revived by the German ethnologist http www.ifeas.uni mainz.de info Magisterabgeschlossen.html V. Dahlheimer rewrites the traditional participant observation approach and leaves more room for non materialistic cognition. Dynamic movements which can not be measured from disconnected or relative viewpoints can be captured by means of feelings. Verification of data through creative participation is possible through practical conception only and can at best be validated by empirical means. Creative Participation seeks to counteract classical problems in social science like i.e. rigid defense of theory, personal ambition, and weight of tradition which can lead to social and personal fragmentation. In consumer psychology Creative Participation is defined as consumers co creation of novel and valuable products, services, ideas, consumption experiences with firms during their purchase or consumption process. According to Need for Uniqueness theory, one of consumers motivations for creative participation may come from their need for unique products. When consumers need to acquire the symbol of distinct self by unique products, they are driven to create. Creative Participation is also used as an educational training method. It can breakdown barriers between participants and agencies , and encourage creative problem solving, and the building of positive relationships. In the political world Creative Participation presents the theory and practice of innovative forms of political participation, i.e. citizens cooperate in public ... of Social Participation . The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 27, No.1 Jul., 1921 , pp. 22 ... Systeme, 2007. DDC Notation 306 DDC22ger Creative Participation Responsibility Taking in the Political ... more details
The participation criterion is a voting system criterion . It is also known as the no show paradox . It has been defined as follows In a deterministic framework, the participation criterion says that the addition of a ballot, where candidate A is strictly preferred to candidate B, to an existing tally of votes should not change the winner from candidate A to candidate B. In a probabilistic framework, the participation criterion says that the addition of a ballot, where each candidate of the set X is strictly preferred to each other candidate, to an existing tally of votes should not reduce the probability that the winner is chosen from the set X. Plurality voting , approval voting , range voting , and the Borda count all satisfy the participation criterion. All Condorcet method s, Bucklin voting , and instant runoff voting IRV fail. Voting systems that fail the participation criterion allow a particularly unusual strategy of not voting to, in some circumstances, help a voter s preferred choice win. The participation criterion for voting systems is one example of a Participation constraint mechanism design rational participation constraint for social choice mechanism design mechanisms in general. Quorum requirements The most common failure of the participation criterion is not in the use of particular voting systems, but in simple yes or no measures that place quorum requirements. A public referendum , for example, that required majority approval and a certain number of voters to participate in order to pass would fail the participation criterion, as a minority of voters preferring the no option could cause the measure to fail by simply not voting rather than voting no. In other words, the addition of a no vote may make the measure more likely to pass. A referendum that required a minimum number of yes votes not counting no s , by contrast, would pass the participation criterion. Examples Two round system An example of a two round election that may well have failed the participation ... more details
two or more people acting in a coordinated manner. But participation, even in trivial situations, also has a goal oriented aspect which means decision making and control are involved. Participation in political science and theory of management refers to direct publicparticipation in political, economical ...lowercase Cleanup date July 2010 Refimprove date July 2010 e participation also written e Participation and e Participation is the generally accepted term referring to Information and communication technologies ICT supported participation in processes involved in government and governance . Processes may concern administration, service delivery, decision making and policy making. E participation is hence closely related to e government and e governance participation decision making participation ... of citizen and customer has become clearer. A more detailed definition sees e participation as the use of information and communication technologies to broaden and deepen political participation ... citizen related top down government initiatives. So e participation can be seen as part of e democracy ..., and local and global communities Harv Clift 2003 . The complexity of e participation processes results from the large number of different participation areas, involved stakeholders, levels of engagement ... model define at which part of the democratic processes participation is permitted such as direct or representative ... where it takes places becomes social arenas for ICT supported participation. On the definition The term participation means taking part in joint activities for the purpose of reaching a common goal. This encompasses both trivial situations in which participation mainly has a technical meaning ... and context. When participation becomes complicated, decision making becomes necessary. Hence ... that become established increasingly affect the ways we normally do things. Models and tools for e participation ... the design of architecture for e participation. In particular, the emergence of online communities ... more details
wiktionarypar participation In finance , participation is an ownership interest in a Mortgage loan mortgage or other loan . In particular, loan participation is a cooperation of multiple lenders to issue a loan known as participation loan to one borrower. This is usually done in order to reduce individual risk s of the lenders. The term is also used as a synonym to profit sharing , an incentive whereby employees of a company receive a share of the profits of the company. References Black s Law Dictionary DEFAULTSORT Participation Ownership Category Basic financial concepts Category Business law law term stub ... more details
The widening participation in higher education is a major component of government education policy in the United Kingdom and Europe . It consists of an attempt to increase not only the numbers of young people entering higher education, but also the proportion from so called under represented groups those from lower income families, Disability people with disabilities and some Minority group ethnic minorities . In this way it is hoped to redress the inequalities in participation between social class es. Widening participation is one of the strategic objectives of the Higher Education Funding Council for England HEFCE . The issue of widening participation became a Politics political issue after the Laura Spence Affair which hit the headlines in 2000 and after the 2003 University of Bristol admissions ... is linked to the Labour Party UK Labour government s target of increasing participation in higher ... Team for HEFCE s Widening Participation Activities. Based at Edge Hill University in the North West of England , Action on Access provides an invaluable resource for widening participation practitioners ... action Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills References Young participation in higher ... participation research addressing the barriers to participation in higher education , Report to HEFCE ... www.hefce.ac.uk pubs rdreports 2006 rd13 06 How to think about widening participation in UK higher ... 2006 rd13 06 Review of widening participation research addressing the barriers to participation ... DIUS http www.nao.org.uk publications 0102 widening participation in he.aspx Widening participation ... Paper The future of Higher Education, 2003 http www.hefce.ac.uk widen HEFCE Widening participation ... National co ordination team for widening participation in higher education http www.purepotential.org ... charity working to promote widerning participation. Widening Participation in the United Kingdom Use dmy dates date October 2010 DEFAULTSORT Widening Participation Category Education in the United ... more details
Participation exemption is a general term relating to an exemption from taxation for a shareholder in a company on dividend s received, and potential capital gains arising on the sale of shares . Background The justification for a participation exemption is to eliminate double taxation of shareholders. In any accounting period , a company may pay a form of corporate income tax on its taxable profit which reduces the amount of post tax profit available for distribution by dividend to shareholders. In the absence of a participation exemption, or other form of tax relief, shareholders may pay tax on the amount of dividend income received. This results in double taxation as the dividend is paid out of taxed profits of the company. A participation exemption will typically provide that certain types of dividends are not taxed in the hands of shareholders. In addition, many participation exemption ... s share capital is held for a specified period. A participation exemption may apply to qualifying ... May 2008 Participation exemption regimes The existence of a participation exemption under a local .... Countries with a participation exemption include Luxembourg Netherlands Belgium Sweden Austria Norway Mechanism Expand section date June 2010 Ref improve section date June 2010 Participation exemptions .... Participation exemptions are only relevant in countries which tax companies on their income from sources ... exemption. A few extend this treatment to interest or other forms of participation. Most systems ... of the subsidiary in order to qualify for participation exemption. In addition, most systems require ... to benefit from participation exemption. This requirement, however, is becoming less prevalent. Alternatives to participation exemption Some jurisdictions offer alternative forms of tax relief which are designed to achieve similar results to a participation exemption. The United Kingdom has a substantial ... tax or underlying tax suffered on a dividend. See also Dividends received deduction DEFAULTSORT Participation ... more details
wiktionarypar participation In Philosophy participation is the inverse of inherence . Accident philosophy Accidents are said to inhere in Substance theory substance . Substances, in turn, participate in their accidents. For example, the color red is said to inhere in the red apple. Conversely, the red apple participates in the color red. Participation also is predicated by analogy to a dependence relations between accidents. Thus an act may be said to participate in time in the sense that every act must occur at some time. In a similar way, color may be said to inhere in space, meaning that a color occurs only on the surface of a body and thus only in space. Inherence, on the other hand, would not normally be predicated analogously of accidents. Category Metaphysics ... more details
Youth participation is the active engagement of young people throughout their communities. It is often used as a short hand for youth participation in any many forms, including decision making, sports, schools and any activity where young people are not historically engaged. Coinage Youth participation ... for Youth in the United States defined youth participation as blockquote ...Youth participation ... features of youth participation are provision for critical reflection on the participatory activity ... Association CMHA established a definition of meaningful youth participation as blockquote Meaningful youth participation involves recognizing and nurturing the strengths, interests, and abilities ... individuals in the world, participation is not any one phenomenon. There are various definitions of participation. A basic concept of participation however, is that people are free to involve themselves .... ref UNICEF Commonwealth Youth Programme Participation Toolkits 2006 Book One p7 ref Examples In these forms, youth participation activities may include Youth council s Participatory action research Youth led media Youth politics Youth targeted political organizations Youth participation often ... about youth participation as a continuum of activities. Entitled the Ladder of Participation, this spectrum identifies eight types of youth participation ranging from tokenism and Psychological manipulation manipulation to engaging Intergenerational equity youth as partners . ref Hart s Ladder of Participation is from 1992 Children s Participation From Tokenism to Citizenship. UNICEF. For information ... towards youth participation, while Daniel Ho Sang has analyzed models according to a horizontal continuum ... Participation and Community Change. New York Hawthorne Press. p 3. ref See also Association of Young ... on Resources for Youth UNICEF Commonwealth Youth Programme , both of which are focused on youth participation ... Irish National Youth Website http www.thecommonwealth.org Document 154211 162033 youth participation ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2009 Participation dance , also known as group participation dance or audience participation dance , is a major category or classification of dance forms or dance styles based on purpose. The purpose of this type of dance is to actively encourage dancing participation in a group. The dancing that is encouraged might be among those who would otherwise be passive dance viewers, or it might be among dancers who are encouraged to dance in a new way, or with new partners. This compares to other major dance categories based on purpose Ceremonial dance Competitive dance Erotic dance Performance dance Social dance Participation dance is also the common name for social game s based on dancing. These can be seen, for example, at weddings, festivals, and other large social gatherings. Some of these dances consist of a few simple steps which are learned during participation, either from simple instructions given by a dance leader or from watching others who are already experienced at the routine. Examples are Electric Slide , Macarena song Macarena , YMCA song YMCA , and the Chicken Dance . Other participation dances have an easily learned song that is sung to the music and which may act as a reminder of the steps. Examples are the Hokey cokey , and the similar Hokey Pokey . Cuing by a danceleader is not uncommon in this type of participation dance. Others incorporate some kind of game. Participation dance games Elimination Elimination rules disqualify a dancer or dancers. This can be include of lack of endurance, entering a particular part of the floor, a specific age, and so on. Follow the leader A designated leader makes some motions, usually repeating several times, and the rest repeat the motions. In some cases the dancers form a chain or a file. Examples ... of participation game for dancers that have some skills in Social dance social dancing . During ... DEFAULTSORT Participation Dance Category Dance ... more details
here automatically Reflist External links http www.orcadigital.com products participation tv Orca Digital s Participation TV platform http www.ofcom.org.uk consult condocs participation introduction Ofcom s regulation of UK Participation TV http www.mobilemarketingmagazine.co.uk 2006 01 participation t.html Mobile Marketing Magazine s explanation of Participation TV Leading UK Participation ... TV adult http clubparadiso.tv Club Paradiso adult DEFAULTSORT Participation Tv Category Television genres ... more details
Multiple issues orphan December 2009 technical November 2010 unreferenced December 2009 Participation Certificate PC is a financial instrument of a form of financing used by municipality municipal or government entities which allows an individual to buy a share of the lease revenue s of an agreement made by these entities. It is different from a Bond finance bond issued by these agencies since these are secured by those revenues. Municipal and Government entities use this instrument to circumvent the restrictions that might exists on the amount of debt other forms of instruments able to take on. Another form of participation certificate is used by bank s to ease liquidity . In this case banks have the option to share their credit asset s with other banks by issuing participation certificates. With this participation approach, banks and financial institutions come together either on risk sharing or non risk sharing basis. While providing short term funds, participation certificates can also be used to reduce risk. The rate at which these certificates can be issued will be negotiable depending on the interest rate scenario. Category Finance finance stub ... more details
Participation loans are loans made by multiple lenders to a single borrower. Several banks, for example, might chip in to fund one extremely large loan, with one of the banks taking the role of the lead bank. This lending institution then recruits other banks to participate and share the risks and profits. The lead bank typically originates the loan, takes responsibility for the loan servicing of the participation loan, organizes and manages the participation, and deals directly with the borrower. Participations in the loan are sold by the lead bank to other banks. A separate contract called a loan participation agreement is structured and agreed among the banks. Loan participations can either be made on a pari passu basis with equal risk sharing for all loan participants, or on a senior subordinated basis, where the senior lender is paid first and the subordinate loan participation paid only if there is sufficient funds left over to make the payments. Such senior subordinated loan participations can be structured either on a LIFO Last In First Out or FIFO First In First Out basis see FIFO and LIFO accounting . The five biggest reasons that financial institutions use participation loans are as follows Selling loan participations allows the lead bank to originate an exceptionally large loan that would otherwise be too large for it to handle by itself. By engaging other banks as participants, the lead bank can remain within its own legal lending limits and still come up with sufficient cash for funding. Banks that buy loan participations share in the profits of the lead bank. If a lending institution isn t doing much business on its own, or is in a slow market, it can team up with a profitable lead bank in a healthier market to generate more lending income. Buying participation ... greater than average risk. Selling participation loans allows the lead bank to keep control of more ... participation loans Participation Loans Overview MortgageLoan.com Category Credit uk ... more details
Economics of participation is an umbrella term spanning the economic analysis of worker cooperative s, labor managed firm s, profit sharing , gain sharing , employee ownership , works councils , codetermination , and other programs and policies by which employees participate in decision making and or financial results in firms. Category Economics terminology econ stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Participation bias is a phenomenon in which the results of elections, studies, polls, etc. become non representative because the participants disproportionately possess certain traits which affect the outcome. For instance, a study found that those who refused to answer a survey on AIDS tended to be older, attend church more often, are less likely to believe in the confidentiality of surveys, and have lower sexual self disclosure. ref cite web url http www.encyclopedia.com doc 1G1 54128117.html title Participation Bias in AIDS Related Telephone Surveys Results From the National AIDS Behavioral Survey NABS Non Response Study. ref References reflist Category Social sciences science stub ... more details
2004 Harv Bishop 2007 . Online participation and psychology Studies have also found that the nature and the level of participation in online social networking sites have been correlated with the Big ... in discussions with their peers Citation needed date October 2009 . Participation in the social web Expand section date October 2009 Online participation is relevant in different systems of the social ... begin col break Collective intelligence e participation Knowledge ecosystem Legitimate peripheral participation ... cite journal ref harv last Bishop first J. year 2007 title Increasing participation in online communities ... Cooperation Gifts and Public Goods in Cyberspace editor last Smith editor first Marc editor2 ... participation editor last Foth editor first M. title Handbook of research on urban informatics ... Incentives for participation and contribution in Wikipedia editor last Barak editor first A. title ..., Participation, Skills, and Reputation equity a person can gain by actively engaging in online communities. DEFAULTSORT Online Participation Category Social psychology Category Virtual communities ... more details
globalize date December 2010 A participation mortgage or participating mortgage is a mortgage loan , or sometimes a group of them, in which two or more persons have fractional equitable interests. In this arrangement the lender, or mortgagee, is entitled to share in the rental or resale proceeds from a property owned by the borrower, or mortgagor. The mortgage is evidenced by the bank or other fiduciary that has legal title to the mortgage and sells the fractional shares to investors or makes the investment for the certificate holders. A participation mortgage may or may not require wikt principal principal and interest payments and may or may not contain a balloon payment . For instance, John has a loan for a strip mall including six separate units. All are rented leased and in addition to the principal and interest he pays to the lender, he is required to pay a certain percentage of the incoming funds. The lender is then participating in the income stream provided by the particular property. External links http www.allbusiness.com accounting reporting corporate taxes 304982 1.html Participating mortgage loans a historical cost paradox. Environment & Natural Resources Land Use & Development from AllBusiness.com, Business Resources, Advice and Forms for Large and Small Businesses. By Clifford H. Schwartz, Journal of Accountancy , July 1, 1992. DEFAULTSORT Participation Mortgage Category Mortgage industry of the United States Econ stub ... more details
Expert subject Medicine date July 2009 Patient participation , also called shared decision making , is patient involvement in the decision making process in matters pertaining to health . ref MeSH Patient participation ref Usually health care providers explain treatments and alternatives to patients so that patients choose the course of action most consistent with their unique personal and cultural preferences. This concept may be contrasted with the paternalistic model of medical decision making, which was prevalent until the 1990s, in which doctors told patients what to do, and the patients unquestioningly obeyed. ref cite journal author Buchanan A title Medical paternalism journal Philos Public Aff volume 7 issue 4 pages 370 90 year 1978 pmid 11664929 ref Variations of each method may be preferred by different patients. Shared decision making combines evidence based medicine with the preferences of patients. Some medical decisions are not strictly based on science, and patients have values that emphasize risks and benefits differently from their doctor. There is frequently more than one correct decision, and some decisions can be regarded as correct from different points of view, with the best medical interest of the patient not necessarily being regarded as the best course of action by the patient. Shared decision making emphasizes the importance of communication in the process of making a decision and the use of decision support interventions is often advocated. Shared decision making should be contrasted with informed consent , and simple consent. ref name pmid14706973 cite journal author Whitney SN, McGuire AL, McCullough LB title A typology of shared decision making, informed consent, and simple consent journal Ann. Intern. Med. volume 140 issue 1 pages 54 9 year 2004 pmid 14706973 doi ref Using computers to interact with patients Recently, interactive software ... of patient participation A randomized controlled trial of patients at very high risk of coronary ... more details
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