File Prussian deportations.PNG thumb 380px right Prussiandeportations as shown on a contemporary painting by Konstanty G rski 1868 1934 The Prussiandeportations or Prussian expulsions , lang pl rugi pruskie were mass expulsions of ethnic Poles and, to a lesser extent, History of the Jews in Poland Jews from Prussia in between 1885 1890. More than 30,000 Poles with Austrian or Russian citizenship were deported from the partitions of Poland Prussian part of divided Poland to the respective Habsburg monarchy Austrian and Russian Empire Russian occupation zones. The deportations were carried out in an inhumane way, and were based on ethnic discrimination principles. The county wide expulsion was condemned by the Polish public as well as the federal German parliament. The expulsion also contributed to the worsening of the German Russian relations. In the aftermath, Poles without German citizenship were again allowed to work and reside in the German Empire in all seasons but the winter. The expulsion order of 1885 and its implementation Agriculture in the eastern provinces of Prussia was to a high degree based on large area Manorialism manors often repositioned from their formerly Polish ... today, the rugi pruskie or the Prussian mass deportations, serve as Polish national symbol of gross ... PrussianDeportations Category 1880s Category History of Poland 1795 1918 Category Germany Poland relations ... , Pa stwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warsaw 1967, p. 684. ref The order was executed upon all non Prussian citizens regardless of their long term residence or previous service in the Prussian Army , and despite ... was ignored by the Prussian government. A similar question was asked by the Polish MP s and the Centre ... were represented much stronger in the Prussian parliament than in the parliament of the German Empire ... eventually prevailed, therefore the policy of the Prussian government had to be softened. In 1890 ... with the silent tolerance of Prussian authorities, or with its temporary suspension. ref Konstanty ... more details
The B r gan deportations were a large scale action of penal transportation , undertaken during the 1950s by the Romania n Communist Romania Communist regime . Their aim was to population transfer forcibly relocate individuals who lived within approximately 25 km of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav border in present day Timi County Timi , Cara Severin County Cara Severin , and Mehedin i County Mehedin i counties to the B r gan Plain . Reasons After relations deteriorated between Romania and Yugoslavia, which was excluded from the Cominform in 1948, the border between the two states became a sensitive area for Bucharest see Informbiro period . The ethnic minorities present there, especially in the Banat , were considered elements with a heightened risk factor . Following the Soviet Union Soviet model of the Gulag , on March 15, 1951 the Ministry of Administration and Interior of Romania Ministry of Interior of the Romanian People s Republic issued the following decree blockquote The Ministry of Interior will be able, through a decision, to order the removal from population centres of any persons whose presence in those centres is unjustified, as well as the removal of those from any locality who, through their actions before the working people, endanger the Marxian ... for the implementation of the previously planned deportations. This was to be the second mass ..., ISBN 9738214238 Rafael Mirciov, Lag rul deport rii Pagini din lag rul B r ganului The Deportations ... The B r gan Deportations, 1951 1956 Viorel Marineasa, Daniel Vighi, Rusalii 51 fragmente din deportarea n B r gan Pentecost 51 Fragments from the B r gan Deportations Viorel Marineasa, Daniel Vighi, Valentin S m n , Deportarea n B r gan Destine, documente, reportaje The B r gan Deportations Destinies ... B r gan Deportees Timi oara en icon http www.memorialsighet.ro en sala.asp?id 22 Deportations to B r gan ... DEFAULTSORT Baragan Deportations de Deportation in die B r gan Steppe he ro Deport rile ... more details
s citizens underwent deportation in the 1940s. Deportations were predominantly to Siberia and Kazakhstan .... ref ref name laar Laar, Mart 2006 . http web static.vm.ee static failid 128 Deportations from Estonia.pdf ... laar Identical deportations were carried out in Latvia and Lithuania at the same time. Few weeks ... first1 Lauri year 2001 title Soviet Genocide? Communist Mass Deportations in the Baltic States and International ... and Sweden . ref name parming As soon as the Soviets had returned the deportations resumed. The first ... to flee abroad during the Second World War . Deportations after 1944 were, however, much harder to document ... on operation Priboi A re assessment of the mass deportations of 1949 url journal Journal of Baltic Studies ... Troops , was in generally charge for the operation. In Estonia the deportations were coordinated ... wave of the large scale deportations was aimed to facilitate collectivization in the USSR collectivization ... large scale campaign of deportations from Estonia took place in 1951, when members of prohibited ... of terror from mass repressions to individual repressions. The Soviet deportations only stopped for three ...&scp 17&sq estonia&st p p. 7 ref Soviet acknowledgment of Stalin s deportations Stalin s deportation ... of Estonian independence, Riigikogu , the parliament of independent Estonia, declared the deportations officially a crime against humanity , and a few perpetrators of the 1949 deportations .... Arnold Meri was on trial for his part in the deportations. He died in April 2009, before the end ... state to the Soviet Union, has never recognized the deportations as a crime and has not paid any compensation ... 2009, Memorial society Memorial concluded that the deportations were a crime against humanity ... 2, 2009. This includes the Soviet deportations from Estonia, which the European Court of Human Rights ... and the Eastern exile Estonian women s life narratives of the 1941 and 1949 Siberian deportations url ... of Tartu . Laar, Mart 2006 . http web static.vm.ee static failid 128 Deportations from Estonia.pdf ... more details
TTK . The regional breakdown of the deportations were claimed as follows class wikitable style font ... of the deportations ref name Arnold Toynbee . The Turkish official documents claim that total casualties of deportations fall into 9 11 per cent, 40,000 38.758 100 . The Turkish official TTK Publication ... only covers the deportations, but not the death total of Armenians during WWI. class wikitable ... Armenian Casualties Of Deportations Category History of Armenia ... more details
Image Monument to Kalmyk deportations.JPG 290px right thumb Commemorative monument to the Kalmyk victims of the deportation of 1943. Elista , Kalmykia The Kalmyk deportations of 1943 , codename Operation Ulussy , was the ethnic cleansing deportation of most people of the Kalmyk people Kalmyk nationality in the Soviet Union USSR , and Russian women married to Kalmyks, but excepting Kalmyk women married to another nationality. The decision was made in December 1943, when NKVD agents entered the homes of Kalmyks, or registered the names of those absent for deporation later, and packed them into cargo wagons and transported to various locations in Siberia Altai Krai , Krasnoyarsk Krai , Omsk Oblast , and Novosibirsk Oblast . ref name bugai Under the USSR, the Kalmyks were forcibly settled from the nomad ic lifestyle and Kalmyk Buddhist monks and nuns Persecution of Buddhists were persecuted . Thus, during the Nazi Invasion of the Soviet Union invasion and occupation of Kalmykia in 1942, German forces uniquely found volunteers among the Kalmyks for the Kalmykian Voluntary Cavalry Corps , which killed many Soviet partisan s. The occupying Germans and their puppet regime also destroyed much of the agriculture of the region and executed close to 20,000 people in Kalmykia, ref name otto Cite book title Ethnic cleansing in the USSR, 1937 1949 author Pohl, J. Otto publisher Greenwood Publishing Group year 1999 isbn 9780313309212 pages 61 71 ref including 100 Jews. ref Cite news url http www.freitag.de 2004 03 04031801.php title Eine Karawanserei publisher Der Freitag first Nellja last Veremej date 2004 09 01 accessdate 2010 11 14 language German ref After the war, Kalmyks were one of the punished peoples who were officially accused of military collaborationism with the Nazi army against the Red Army during World War II , of providing the Germans with livestock, of dismantling kolkhoz es and sovkhoz es with the Germans, of terrorizing the population, etc. At the same time, the ... more details
Prussian Academy may refer to Prussian Academy of the Arts , now the Akademie der K nste, Berlin Prussian Academy of Sciences Prussian Military Academy disambig ... more details
The Prussian Union may refer to The Prussian Confederation , a league of cities formed in 1440 to resist taxes levied by the Teutonic Order The Prussian Union Evangelical Christian Church , a merger of Prussia s Lutheran and Reformed churches announced in 1817 disambig ... more details
about the pigment the musical duo Prussian Blue Chembox Verifiedfields changed Watchedfields changed ... Sample of prussian blue IUPACName Iron II,III hexacyanoferrate II,III SystematicName Iron 3 ... fscimage.fishersci.com msds 62402.htm MSDS prussian blue Section5 Chembox Related OtherCations Potassium ferrocyanide br Sodium ferrocyanide infobox color textcolor white title Prussian Blue hex 003153 r 0 g 49 b 83 c 63 m 35 y 14 k 72 h 205 s 100 v 33 Prussian blue is a dark blue pigment with the idealized ... name for the color Prussian blue is Berlin blue or, in painting , Parisian blue . Turnbull s blue is the same substance but is made from different reagent s. Prussian blue is one of the first synthetic ... for certain kinds of heavy metal poisoning . Prussian blue lent its name to prussic acid , which ... Prussian blue was probably synthesized for the first time by the paint maker Diesbach in Berlin ... title The early use of prussian blue in paintings format PDF author Jens Bartoll journal ... time by Frisch. Frisch himself is the author of the first known publication of Prussian blue in the paper ... with the incidence of the first synthesis of Prussian blue. ref G. E. Stahl Experimenta, Observationes ... known painting where Prussian blue was used. Around 1710, painters at the Prussian court were already using the pigment. At around the same time, Prussian blue arrived in Paris, where Antoine .... ref J.Bartoll, B. Jackisch, M. Most, E. Wenders de Calisse, C. M. Vogtherr Early Prussian Blue. Blue ... The Great Wave off Kanagawa by Hokusai , a famous artwork which makes extensive use of Prussian blue. This Prussian blue pigment is significant since it was the first stable and relatively lightfast ... did not have access to a long lasting blue pigment until they began to import Prussian blue from Europe ... the French chemist Pierre J. Macquer made the important step of showing the Prussian blue could be reduced ..., hydrogen cyanide , first isolated from Prussian blue in pure form and characterized about 1783 by the Swedish ... more details
Infobox German Railway Vehicle Farbe1 000000 Farbe2 FFFFFF Baureihe Prussian S 3 br DRG Class 13.0 Abbildung Prussian S3 steam locomotive.jpg Name Prussian S3 photographed in 1895 at Berlin Charlottenburg Nummerierung DRG 13 002 028 Hersteller Hanomag Baujahre 1893 1904 Ausmusterung 1927 Anzahl 1027 Achsformel Wheel arrangement 4 4 0 Gattung S 24.16 Spurweite 1,435 mm Treibraddurchmesser 1,980 mm VorneLaufraddurchmesser 1,000 mm HintenLaufraddurchmesser AussenLaufraddurchmesser InnenLaufraddurchmesser Laufraddurchmesser Anfahrzugkraft Beschleunigung Leistungskennziffer H chstgeschwindigkeit 100 km h L nge berKupplung L nge berPuffer 17,561 mm L nge H he Breite Drehzapfenabstand AchsabstandDerFahrgestelle FesterRadstand Gesamtradstand RadstandMitTender Leermasse Dienstmasse 50.5 t DienstmasseMitTender ... Zylinderdruck Tenderbauart Prussian 3 T 15 br Prussian 2 2 T 16 20 21,5 DienstmasseTender Wasser 15.0 16.0 20.0 21.5 m Brennstoff The Prussian Class S 3 s were saturated steam locomotives developed by Hanomag for the Prussian state railways and were built from 1893. Design They were a further development of the Prussian S 2 S 2 and used the same boiler . The S stood for Schnellzuglokomotive ... wheels dubbed the Prussian P 4 P4 class. Another 40 examples went to the Imperial Railways in Alsace ... State Railways see Oldenburg S 3 . Image Prussian steam locomotive S 3 Stettin 9.jpg left ... Whilst the Deutsche Reichsbahn still listed 451 Prussian S 3 engines in its DRG renumbering plan 1923 ... 13.0 with operating numbers 13 002 028. Locomotive 13 001 was not an S 3, but a Prussian S 2 converted ... . The locomotives were equipped with Prussian 3 T 15, 2 2 T 16, 2 2 T 20 and 2 2 T 21.5 tender locomotive tenders . See also List of DRG locomotives and railbuses Prussian state railways List of Prussian locomotives and railbuses List of preserved steam locomotives in Germany Sources Christopher ... English language forum at http germanrail.8.forumer.com index.php Railways of Germany Prussian ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The Vereinsthaler was the currency of Prussia between 1857 and 1873. It replaced the Prussian thaler Thaler at par and was replaced by the German gold mark Mark at a rate of 1 Vereinsthaler 3 Mark. The Vereinsthaler was subdivided into 30 Silbergroschen , each of 12 pfennig Pfenninge . Thaler DEFAULTSORT Prussian Vereinsthaler Category Currencies of Germany Category 1857 establishments Category 1873 disestablishments Category 19th century in economics Category History of Prussia Money unit stub Germany hist stub ms Vereinsthaler Prusia ... more details
Infobox German Railway Vehicle Baureihe Prussian T 10 br DRG Class 76 Farbe1 000000 Farbe2 FFFFFF Abbildung Name Nummerierung DRG 76 001 011 br OHE 76 091 096 Hersteller Borsig Baujahre 1909ff. Ausmusterung 1964 Anzahl 12 Achsformel Wheel arrangement 4 6 0 Bauart 2 C h2t Gattung Spurweite 1,435 mm Treibraddurchmesser 1,750 mm VorneLaufraddurchmesser 1,000 mm HintenLaufraddurchmesser AussenLaufraddurchmesser InnenLaufraddurchmesser Laufraddurchmesser Anfahrzugkraft Beschleunigung Leistungskennziffer H chstgeschwindigkeit 100 km h L nge berKupplung L nge berPuffer 11,800 mm L nge H he Breite Drehzapfenabstand AchsabstandDerFahrgestelle FesterRadstand Gesamtradstand RadstandMitTender Leermasse Dienstmasse 76.1 t DienstmasseMitTender Reibungsmasse 48.7 t Radsatzfahrmasse 16.3 t Antrieb Geschwindigkeitsmesser Steuerung bersetzungsstufen Kupplungstyp Bremsen Zusatzbremse Feststellbremse Zugheizung Lokbremse Zugbremse Zugsicherung Halbmesser Besonderheiten Anmerkung Zylinderanzahl 2 Zylinderdurchmesser 575 mm NDZylinderdurchmesser HDZylinderdurchmesser Kolbenhub 630 mm Kuppelraddurchmesser Kessel Kessell nge Kesseldruck 12 bar AnzahlHeizrohre AnzahlRauchrohre Heizrohrl nge Rostfl che 1.85 m Strahlungsheizfl che Rohrheizfl che berhitzerfl che 39.20 m Verdampfungsheizfl che 134.33 m IndizierteLeistung 647 kW Steuerungsart Zylinderdruck Tenderbauart DienstmasseTender Wasser Brennstoff The Prussian Class T 10 s were tank locomotives operated by the Prussian state railways . They were procured for duties between Frankfurt and Wiesbaden between 1909 and 1912. This 41 km long route between the two termini was to be worked without turning the locomotive. Because the engine tended ... from the Prussian P 6 and the running gear and transmission mechanics drive from the Prussian ... OHE . No examples of the DRG Class 76 have been saved. See also Prussian state railways List of Prussian ... index.php Railways of Germany Prussian locomotives Category 4 6 0T locomotives ... more details
Prussian Guelders or Prussian G u elderland lang nl Pruisisch Gelre lang de Preu isch Geldern was the part of the Duchy of Guelders ruled by the Kingdom of Prussia from 1713. Its capital was Geldern . The Upper Guelders Upper Quarter of the Duchy of Guelders was part of the Enlightenment Spain Spanish ruled Southern Netherlands by the end of the 17th century. In the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht during the War of the Spanish Succession , the Upper Quarter was partitioned between the Dutch Republic , Habsburg Monarchy Austria , and Prussia. Besides Geldern, other towns in the Prussian duchy were Horst aan de Maas Horst , Venray , and Viersen , the latter of which was an exclave surrounded by the Duchy of J lich . Prussian Guelders was part of the Lower Rhenish Westphalian Circle within the Holy Roman Empire . Prussian Guelders was occupied by Revolutionary France in 1794 and later annexed into the First French Empire as part of the Roer department Roer Department . After the Napoleonic Wars , the western regions became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands Kingdom of the Netherlands , while the eastern regions, such as Geldern and Viersen, were made part of the new Prussian province of J lich Cleves Berg . These latter regions, until then linguistically and culturally Netherlands Dutch , rapidly became Germanization germanized . References http www.hoeckmann.de deutschland limburgkarte.htm Historical Map of Limburg 1789 Territories and provinces of Prussia coord missing Germany Category 1713 establishments Category 1794 disestablishments Category Duchy of Guelders Category Subdivisions of Prussia Guelders Category War of the Spanish Succession Category History of North Rhine Westphalia Germany hist stub Netherlands hist stub nl Pruisisch Opper Gelre ro Geldern Prusac ... more details
for the color and iron cyanide complex Prussian blue Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians Name Prussian Blue Img Prussian Blue.jpg Img capt Lynx and Lamb Gaede at the age of eleven ... Lynx Gaede br Lamb Gaede Past members Prussian Blue was a White nationalism white nationalist pop ... 6 Prussian Blue Content Bot generated title ref They began learning how to play instruments ... more mainstream subject matter, like boys, crushes, and dating. On October 20, 2005, Prussian Blue ... memorabilia. ref name ABCnews ref name Telegraph Name The band was named after the color Prussian blue color Prussian blue . In an interview with Vice Magazine , the twins stated, Part of our heritage is Prussian German. Also our eyes are blue, and Prussian Blue is just a really pretty color. They also remarked, There is also the discussion of the lack of Prussian Blue coloring Zyklon B residue ... htdocs hello.php Viceland HELLO, WHITE PEOPLE Prussian Blue Look to the Future Bot generated title ref ... Most of the songs on Prussian Blue s first album are covers of white nationalist songs. The majority ... McLellan. Two of Prussian Blue s songs on their first album are dedicated to famous Nazi s and neo ... to a race war which they believe to be coming soon. Prussian Blue also released a cover of a song ... For the Fatherland ref References in the media Prussian Blue was parodied in Ryan J. Davis and Joe Drymala ...? BroadwayWorld.com Bot generated title ref Prussian Blue has appeared in two Great Britain British ... , was an account of white nationalists, including Prussian Blue. ref cite news title Those ugly Americans ... Your Daddy Keepers of the Light Battlecry featuring Prussian Blue Stand Up I Will Bleed For You See also Rock Against Communism References reflist 2 External links wikiquote Prussian Blue http web.archive.org web prussianblue.net Prussian Blue Official Website defunct from Archive.org http prussianbluefan.blogspot.com Prussian Blue Blog Allmusic class artist id p753311 pure url yes Prussian ... more details
Infobox German Railway Vehicle Baureihe Prussian T 14.1 , W rttemberg T 14 br DRG Class 93.5 12 br DB Class 093, DR Class 93.1 6 Farbe1 000000 Farbe2 FFFFFF Abbildung Name Nummerierung DRG 93 501 1261 Hersteller Baujahre 1918 1924 Ausmusterung 1972 Anzahl 768 Wheel arrangement 2 8 2 T Achsformel 1 D1 Bauart Gattung Spurweite 1,435 mm Treibraddurchmesser 1,350 mm VorneLaufraddurchmesser 1,000 mm HintenLaufraddurchmesser 1,000 mm AussenLaufraddurchmesser InnenLaufraddurchmesser Laufraddurchmesser Anfahrzugkraft Beschleunigung Leistungskennziffer H chstgeschwindigkeit 70 km h L nge berKupplung L nge berPuffer 14,500 mm L nge H he Breite Drehzapfenabstand AchsabstandDerFahrgestelle FesterRadstand Gesamtradstand RadstandMitTender Leermasse Dienstmasse 101.0 t DienstmasseMitTender Reibungsmasse 67.9 t Radsatzfahrmasse 17.9 t Antrieb Geschwindigkeitsmesser Steuerung bersetzungsstufen Kupplungstyp Bremsen Zusatzbremse Feststellbremse Zugheizung Lokbremse Zugbremse Zugsicherung Halbmesser Besonderheiten Anmerkung Zylinderanzahl Zylinderdurchmesser 600 mm NDZylinderdurchmesser HDZylinderdurchmesser ... DienstmasseTender Wasser Brennstoff The Prussian Class T 14.1 was a German 2 8 2 T, goods train, tank locomotive operated by the Prussian state railways and the Royal W rttemberg State Railways ... as DRG Class 93.5 12 . Compared with the Prussian T 14 the axle load on the trailing wheels ... Stuttgart to Ludwigsburg . They were based on the Prussian T 14.1 and differed only in a few details from their prototype. In all 729 vehicles were procured between 1918 and 1924 for the Prussian state railways and the Prussian Reichsbahndirektion railway divisions of the Deutsche Reichsbahn . The Royal ... Museum at Neuenmarkt Wirsberg and is currently being restored there. See also Prussian state railways List of Prussian locomotives and railcars External links http www.dampflokmuseum.de DDM Deutsches ... germanrail.8.forumer.com index.php Railways of Germany Prussian locomotives Category 2 8 2T locomotives ... more details
Throughout the centuries, Prussia s military consistently concentrated on its Prussian Army land power , and never sought a similar power at sea. Yet historically there were always Prussian naval forces ... had already begun her end finally arrived with the sale of the colonies. The 18th century The Prussian ... its military preparations on the Prussian Army army . Besides this, the kingdom was able to rely on its ... German ref Even so, the Prussian monarch wanted to take part in international maritime commerce and therefore ... translated as Prussian Maritime Enterprise . The 19th century Image War Ensign of Prussia 1816 .svg thumb Prussian War Ensign After the end of the Napoleonic Wars , Prussia slowly began to build its ... merchant fleet than on a navy. In this connection, the Prussian Maritime Enterprise played a significant role. Its ships were armed to protect against pirate s and flew the Prussian war ensign . This protective fleet existed until around 1850. One of the first to work for the development of a Prussian ... was able to resume his plans for the establishment of a Prussian Navy. He began with the construction of warships and naval education and training. From the middle of the 1850s, one could find Prussian ... figures of this early period were Prussian naval officers Karl Rudolf Brommy and Ludwig von Henk , who ... Thetis vor Anker.jpg thumb left Prussian warship, circa 1867 At the same time, the first naval base ... naval port which received the name Wilhelmshaven in 1869. By this time, the Prussian Navy had already ceased to exist. After the Austro Prussian War the German War of 1866, the North German states had allied under Prussian leadership as the North German Confederation . Out of the Prussian Navy grew the Navy of the North German Confederation Norddeutsche Bundesmarine , which after the Franco Prussian ... and fall were closely bound up with the destiny of the Brandenburger Prussian German naval forces. It was the ambitious ... for the Prussian Army . The Navy was handed over first to the North German Confederation and in 1871 ... more details
The Prussian state railways grouped a variety of different types of passenger tank locomotive into its Prussian Class T 5 . Several examples of the sub classes T 5.1 and T 5.2 transferred into the Deutsche Reichsbahn as DRG Classes 71.0 and 72.0 . Prussian T 5.1 No less than 309 Class T 5.1 engines, which had a 2 4 2 T Whyte notation wheel arrangement , were built by Henschel Werke Henschel from 1895 to 1905. They were initially procured for the Berlin Stadtbahn routes, in order to replace the older 2 4 0 T and 0 4 2T locomotives which were no longer powerful enough. Later, they were also given ... not carry those numbers. There are no surviving examples of the Prussian Class T 5.1. Prussian T 5.2 The locomotives of Prussian Class T 5.2 also known as the Wannsee Variant were built by the firms ... of the Deutsche Reichsbahn GDR Deutsche Reichsbahn in East Germany until 1955. No examples of the Prussian Class T 5.2 locomotive have survived. Prussian T 5.2 Superheated The superheated variant of the Prussian T 5.was the first superheated tank locomotive in the Prussian state railways. They were ... by Henschel. They were not taken into Deutsche Reichsbahn Reichsbahn service. 0 6 0T Prussian T 5 of the Main Neckar Railway The Prussian T 5 locomotives for the Main Neckar Railway , that went into Prussian ownership in 1866, were intended for the route between Weinheim and F rth Odenwald Weschnitz ... Prussian Class T 5 have been preserved. 2 6 0T Prussian T 5 of the Main Neckar Railway In addition to the 0 6 0T locomotives, four 2 6 0T engines from the Main Neckar Railway also entered the Prussian ... they were numbered as Mainz 6691 6694 . Prussian T 5 of the Lower Elbe Railway The T 5s of the Lower ... background 000000 Prussian T 5 width 10 style color ffffff background 000000 width 15 style color ... area 95.09 m 100.68 m 109.40 m 96.40 m 106.00 m 110.8 m See also Prussian state railways List of Prussian ... www.ruciane nida.org kmk viewtopic.php?t 318 Prussian locomotives Category 2 4 2T locomotives Category ... more details
Multiple issues original research November 2007 citecheck January 2008 Infobox Ethnic group group Prussian ... , Germans The term Prussian Lithuanians or Lietuvininkai ref lt icon cite web url http www.culture.lt ... ref name Strakauskait Prussian Lithuanians were not a nation, only an ethnic group, that fulfilled ... 3358 ref and inhabited a territory in East Prussia called Prussian Lithuania or Lithuania Minor lang ... Lutheran Protestants Evangelical Lutheran . There were 121,345 speakers of Lithuanian in the Prussian ... thumb Flag of the Prusai minority. The term Preu ische Litauer Prussian Lithuanians in German appeared ... by Simon Grunau between 1517 and 1527. Prussian Lithuanians used various names for themselves Prussians Lithuanian Pr sai , German Preusch , Prussian Lithuanians Lithuanian Pru Lietuwiai , Pru Lietuvininkai ... of a separate ethnic sub group. For Prussian Lithuanians loyalty to the German state, strong religious ... Due to differences in religion and loyalties to a different state, the Prussian Lithuanians did not consider ... between the Prussian Lithuanians and Lithuanians of the Grand Duchy, despite the common language. For example, inhabitants of Lithuania did not trust Prussian Lithuanians in the Klaip da Region and tended ... 12 ref When Prussian Lithuanian writer Ieva Simonaityt Ewa Simoneit chose the side of the Lithuanian ... author Elena Bukelien accessdate 2007 09 12 ref Only one Prussian Lithuanian, Dovas Zaunius , worked ... Minor History Early history Image Preusche littauer.jpg thumb right Prussian Lithuanians in 1744 The territory where Prussian Lithuanians lived in ancient times was inhabited by the Old Prussians Old Prussian , Skalvians Skalvian and Curonians Curonian tribes. The area between the rivers Alle and Neman River Neman became almost uninhabited during the 13th century Prussian Crusade and wars between ... . Many Prussian Lithuanians also became Protestants. By the will of Albert, church services for Prussian ... Protestant and urged citizens to stop all contact between Prussian Lithuanians and Lithuanians ... more details
More footnotes date January 2009 The term Prussian virtues refers to an unfixed canon of several Lutheran virtue s dating from the Enlightenment . Prussian virtues and the Prussian value system have influenced aspects of wider Culture of Germany German culture . Historical Development These virtues derive from King Frederick William I of Prussia Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia , the soldier king and frugal bourgeois reformer of Prussian administration, and from his son, King Friedrich II. The father saw himself as moral role model, while the son saw himself as an exemplar of reason for the religiously, ethnically, and linguistically diverse Prussian State. The Prussian Era of Reform, from the military loss to Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battles of Jena and Auerstedt , until the Congress of Vienna in 1815, was also an important influence. These included reform of community boundaries, the army, schools, universities, and taxes enfranchisement of Jews. Despite a meager economic basis which caused Prussia to be known as the dustbowl of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation , and despite the great devastation and human loss of the Thirty Years War , Prussian virtues gave Prussia a modern legal order and administration, an officer corps loyal to the crown, and a reasoned patriotism, which caused Prussia to develop from an ordinary baroque state of a grand elector to a modern great power. Virtues Chosen examples Sincerity Humility Work ethic Industriousness Obedience but not without ... scheinen Be more than you seem to be Reliability Punctuality Critics In Germany, Prussian virtues ... Double Track Decision , in 1982 German SPD chancellor Helmut Schmidt demanded a return to Prussian ... suited to run a concentration camp . To this day though sometimes Prussian virtues are a theme in political ... a return to more Prussian virtues. See also Kingdom of Prussia Prussian Army Knightly Virtues Literature ... Prussian Army de Preu ische Tugenden no Preussiske dyder pl Cnoty pruskie ru ... more details
Infobox German Railway Vehicle Baureihe Prussian S 8, S 9 br DRG Class 14.0 Farbe1 000000 Farbe2 FFFFFF Abbildung Name Nummerierung DRG 14 001, 002, 031 Hersteller Hanomag Baujahre 1908ff. Ausmusterung 1926 Anzahl 99, 2 were S8 s Achsformel Wheel arrangement 4 4 2 locomotive 4 4 2 Bauart S 8 2 B1 h4v br S 9 2 B1 n4v Gattung S 8 S 2 5 h4v br S 9 S 2 5 n4v Spurweite 1,435 mm Treibraddurchmesser VorneLaufraddurchmesser 1,000 mm HintenLaufraddurchmesser 1,250 mm AussenLaufraddurchmesser InnenLaufraddurchmesser Laufraddurchmesser Anfahrzugkraft Beschleunigung Leistungskennziffer H chstgeschwindigkeit 110 km h L nge berKupplung L nge berPuffer 21,860 mm L nge 13,110 mm excl. tender H he Breite Drehzapfenabstand AchsabstandDerFahrgestelle FesterRadstand Gesamtradstand 10,750 mm RadstandMitTender Leermasse 68.0 t Dienstmasse 74.7 t DienstmasseMitTender Reibungsmasse 33.0 t Radsatzfahrmasse 16.5 t Antrieb Geschwindigkeitsmesser Steuerung bersetzungsstufen Kupplungstyp Bremsen Zusatzbremse Feststellbremse Zugheizung Lokbremse Zugbremse Zugsicherung Halbmesser Besonderheiten Anmerkung Zylinderanzahl 4 Zylinderdurchmesser NDZylinderdurchmesser 580 mm HDZylinderdurchmesser 380 mm Kolbenhub 600 mm Kuppelraddurchmesser 1,980 mm Kessel Kessell nge Kesseldruck 14 bar AnzahlHeizrohre 272 AnzahlRauchrohre ... The Prussian S 9 was an express steam locomotive with the Prussian state railways , first built ... and, at 4 m , the largest grate area of any Prussian steam locomotive. The quantity of steam generated ... of the S 9 was little better than the considerably smaller superheated locomotive, the Prussian S 6 ... the S 9 Essen 907 number 14 031. All three were retired by 1926. The locomotives were equipped with Prussian tender rail tender s of classes pr 2 2 T 21.5, pr 2 2 T 30 und pr 2 2 T 31.5. See also Prussian state railways List of Prussian locomotives and railcars External links There is a relevant English language forum at http germanrail.8.forumer.com index.php Railways of Germany Prussian locomotives ... more details
Infobox German Railway Vehicle Farbe1 000000 Farbe2 FFFFFF Baureihe Prussian S 4 br DRG Class 13.5 Abbildung Name Nummerierung DRG 13 501 504 Hersteller Borsig , Henschel , Linke Hofmann Busch Linke Hofmann , Maschinenbauanstalt Humboldt Humboldt Baujahre 1902 1909 Ausmusterung 1927 Anzahl 104 Achsformel Gattung S 24.16 Spurweite 1,435 mm Treibraddurchmesser 1,980 mm VorneLaufraddurchmesser 1,000 mm HintenLaufraddurchmesser AussenLaufraddurchmesser InnenLaufraddurchmesser Laufraddurchmesser Anfahrzugkraft Beschleunigung Leistungskennziffer H chstgeschwindigkeit 100 km h L nge berKupplung L nge berPuffer 18,210 mm L nge H he Breite Drehzapfenabstand AchsabstandDerFahrgestelle FesterRadstand Gesamtradstand RadstandMitTender Leermasse Dienstmasse 50.2 t DienstmasseMitTender Reibungsmasse 31.9 t Radsatzfahrmasse 16.0 t Antrieb Geschwindigkeitsmesser Steuerung bersetzungsstufen Kupplungstyp Bremsen Zusatzbremse Feststellbremse Zugheizung Lokbremse Zugbremse Zugsicherung Halbmesser Besonderheiten Anmerkung Data for production series Wheel arrangement 4 4 0 Bauart 2 B h2 Zylinderanzahl 2 Zylinderdurchmesser 540 mm NDZylinderdurchmesser HDZylinderdurchmesser Kolbenhub 600 mm Kuppelraddurchmesser Kessel Kessell nge Kesseldruck 12 bar AnzahlHeizrohre 115 AnzahlRauchrohre 18 Heizrohrl nge 4,300 mm Rostfl che 2.32 m Strahlungsheizfl che 10.65 m Rohrheizfl che berhitzerfl che Verdampfungsheizfl che ... The Prussian S 4 s were German superheated express steam locomotives with the Prussian state ... development of the Prussian S 3 . The first locomotive was built in 1898 as a modified S 3. She was the first ..., and 104 examples were built in the years to 1909 when procurement was halted in favour of the Prussian ... with tender rail tender s of Prussian classes pr 2 2 T 16, pr 3 T 13 and pr 3 T 15. See also Prussian state railways List of DRG locomotives and railcars List of Prussian locomotives and railcars ... Railways of Germany Prussian locomotives Category 4 4 0 locomotives Category Locomotives of Prussia ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2008 Image Prussian Homage.jpg 360px thumb The Prussian Homage by Jan Matejko Image Prussian Homage Stanczyk.jpg thumb A pensive Sta czyk in a detail of Matejko s The Prussian Homage The Prussian Homage or Tribute lang de Preu ische Huldigung lang pl ho d pruski was the formal Investiture investment of Albert of Prussia as duke of the Poland Polish fief of Duchy of Prussia Ducal Prussia . In the aftermath of the armistice ending the Polish Teutonic War 1519 1521 Polish Teutonic War Albert, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and a member of the House of Hohenzollern , visited Martin Luther at Wittenberg and soon thereafter became sympathetic to Protestantism . On April 10, 1525, two days after signing of the Treaty of Krak w , in the market of the Polish capital Krak w , Albert resigned his position as Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights to become a Lutheranism Lutheran and received the title Duke of Prussia from his uncle King Zygmunt I the Old of Poland. In a deal partially brokered by Luther, the Duchy of Prussia became the first Protestant state, anticipating the Peace of Augsburg of 1555. Nevertheless investiture of Protestant fief of Duchy of Prussia was better for Poland for geostrategic reasons than Catholic fief of State of Teutonic Order in Prussia, formally subjected to the Holy Roman Emperor and Papacy . Category 1525 in Europe Category Ceremonies Category History of Poland 1385 1569 Category History of Krak w Category History of Prussia Category Germany Poland relations Germany hist stub Poland hist stub de Preu ische Huldigung pl Ho d pruski ... more details
Image Baltic Tribes c 1200.svg thumb 300px Baltic tribes and Prussian clans ca. 1200 The Prussian uprisings ... major Prussian clans fell under control of the less populous Teutonic Knights. However, Prussians rose ... at the end of 1249. ref name christ The second uprising, known in historiography as The Great Prussian .... One by one, Prussian clans surrendered and the uprising was ended in 1274. The later three lesser ... effectively ended the Prussian Crusade and Prussia became Christian German speaking territory, which ... class wikitable align right colspan 2 Timeline of Teutonic conquest ref name cd812 Year Prussian clan ... first William last Urban authorlink William Urban title The Prussian Crusade publisher Lithuanian ... major Prussian clans fell under control of the less numerous Teutonic Knights. ref name cd812 However ... fifty years. The First Prussian Uprising 1242 1249 Image Radzyn chelminski 1.jpg thumb left Ruins of the Teutonic .... The First Prussian Uprising was influenced by three major events. ref name urban Urban, William. The Prussian Crusade , pp. 183 191. ref Firstly, the Teutonic Knights lost the Battle of the Ice ... ref While some historians embrace the Swantopolk Prussian alliance without hesitation, ref name urban ... Che mno , and Rehden Radzy Che mi ski in the western parts. ref Urban, William. The Prussian Crusade ... and Swantopolk lost 900 men. ref Urban, William. The Prussian Crusade , pp. 199 201. ref In the spring .... ref Urban, William. The Prussian Crusade , pp. 201 203. ref In the summer of 1243, Prussians with Yotvingians ... . ref Urban, William. The Prussian Crusade , pp. 203 204. ref Image wi tope k II ksi pomorski ... their inheritance. ref Urban, William. The Prussian Crusade , p. 206. ref Swantopolk built a castle ..., William. The Prussian Crusade , pp. 207, 209 210. ref In late 1245 Swantopolks s army suffered a great .... ref Urban, William. The Prussian Crusade , pp. 211 213. ref Swantopolk II asked for truce and Pope ... III, Margrave of Meissen subdued the Pogesanians . ref Urban, William. The Prussian Crusade , p. 228 ... more details
Infobox German Railway Vehicle Baureihe Prussian T 11 br DRG Class 74.0 3 br PKP Class OKi 1 Farbe1 000000 Farbe2 FFFFFF Abbildung OKi 1 28 Warszawa 06.04.05.jpg Name OKi 28 Nummerierung DRG 74 001 358 Hersteller Union Giesserei K nigsberg Union , Borsig Baujahre 1903 1910 Ausmusterung 1974 Anzahl 470 Achsformel Wheel arrangement 2 6 0T Bauart 1 C n2t Gattung Pt 34.16 Spurweite 1,435 mm Treibraddurchmesser 1,500 mm VorneLaufraddurchmesser 1,000 mm HintenLaufraddurchmesser AussenLaufraddurchmesser InnenLaufraddurchmesser Laufraddurchmesser Anfahrzugkraft Beschleunigung Bremsverz gerung Leistungskennziffer H chstgeschwindigkeit 80 km h L nge berKupplung L nge berPuffer 11,190 mm L nge H he 4,200 mm Breite Drehzapfenabstand AchsabstandDerFahrgestelle FesterRadstand 3.850 mm Gesamtradstand 6.350 mm RadstandMitTender Leermasse Dienstmasse 62.3 t DienstmasseMitTender Reibungsmasse 47.4 t Radsatzfahrmasse 16.0 t Antrieb Geschwindigkeitsmesser Steuerung bersetzungsstufen Kupplungstyp Bremsen Knorr compressed air brake Zusatzbremse Feststellbremse Exter counterweight brake Zugheizung Lokbremse Zugbremse Zugsicherung Halbmesser Besonderheiten Anmerkung Zylinderanzahl 2 Zylinderdurchmesser 480 ... 7.4 m Brennstoff 2.5 m coal History The Prussian Class T 11 were passenger tank locomotive s in the service of the Prussian state railways that were intended for duties on the Berlin Stadtbahn . To that end ..., the Prussian T 12 , the T 11 evolved from the Prussian T 9 T9.3 T 9.3 in order to replace the older ... Reichsbahn in 1938, with numbers 74 361 to 74 364, were however not the Prussian T 11 ... more like the Prussian T 9 T 9.3 Prussian T 9.3 and which had been built in 1911 1912 by Linke Hofmann ... until 1951. See also Prussian state railways List of Prussian locomotives and railcars Sources J rgen ... deutschland Dampfloks BR 74.html Photo of the Prussian T11 7512 Hannover owned by the Minden ... index.php Railways of Germany Prussian locomotives Category 2 6 0T locomotives Category Locomotives ... more details
About the locomotive other uses T37 disambiguation T37 Infobox German Railway Vehicle Baureihe Prussian T 37 br DRG Class 99.40 Farbe1 000000 Farbe2 Abbildung Name Nummerierung 99 401 408 Hersteller S chsische Maschinenfabrik Hartmann br Orenstein & Koppel br Maschinenfabrik Christian Hagans Baujahre 1904 1912 Ausmusterung 1939 Anzahl 18 Achsformel Wheel arrangement 0 8 0T Bauart D n2t Gattung K 44.7 Spurweite 785 mm Treibraddurchmesser 810 mm VorneLaufraddurchmesser HintenLaufraddurchmesser AussenLaufraddurchmesser InnenLaufraddurchmesser Laufraddurchmesser Anfahrzugkraft Beschleunigung Leistungskennziffer H chstgeschwindigkeit 25 km h L nge berKupplung L nge berPuffer 8,520 mm L nge H he Breite Drehzapfenabstand AchsabstandDerFahrgestelle FesterRadstand Gesamtradstand RadstandMitTender Leermasse Dienstmasse 27.9 t DienstmasseMitTender Reibungsmasse 27.9 t Radsatzfahrmasse Antrieb Geschwindigkeitsmesser Steuerung bersetzungsstufen Kupplungstyp Bremsen Zusatzbremse Feststellbremse Zugheizung Lokbremse Zugbremse Zugsicherung Halbmesser Besonderheiten Anmerkung Zylinderanzahl 2 Zylinderdurchmesser 340 mm NDZylinderdurchmesser HDZylinderdurchmesser Kolbenhub 400 mm Kuppelraddurchmesser Kessel Kessell nge Kesseldruck 13 bar AnzahlHeizrohre AnzahlRauchrohre Heizrohrl nge Rostfl che 1.00 m Strahlungsheizfl che Rohrheizfl che berhitzerfl che Verdampfungsheizfl che 49.21 m IndizierteLeistung Steuerungsart Walschaerts Heusinger Zylinderdruck Tenderbauart DienstmasseTender Wasser 2.5 m Brennstoff 1.3 t coal The Prussian T 37 s were German steam locomotives operated by the Prussian state railways . They replaced the smaller 0 6 0T locomotives on the railway line between Beuthen and Kattowitz . In all 18 engines were supplied to Kingdom of Prussia Prussia , of which eight were taken ... the driver s cab. See also List of Prussian locomotives and railcars Prussian state railways External ... of Germany Prussian locomotives Category 0 8 0T locomotives Category Locomotives of Prussia T 37 ... more details
Prussian Chronicle or Teutonic Chronicle can refer to one of the several medieval chronicles by Peter von Dusburg written between 1234 and 1236 by Nikolaus von Jeroschin , translation of Peter von Dusburg s chronicle by Wigand of Marburg covers the period between 1293 and 1394 by Johann von Posilge written by 1419 by Simon Grunau written between 1510 and 1529 by Lucas David written between 1550 and 1583 disambig ... more details
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