unreferenced date September 2010 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Protectivesecurityunits typically provide policing, security, intelligence and bodyguard services for Sovereigns and Politicians. They can be contrasted with Security agency security services which provide protectivesecurity intelligence such as such as the British MI5 Security Service and Guards Regiments for the defence of the Sovereign and the metropolis. Examples of these include the Household Division . There are also distinct non combat personal bodyguards which serve as ceremonial guards and personal attendants such as the Gentlemen at Arms , the Yeomen of the Guard , the Royal Company of Archers , and the Company of Pikemen and Musketeers of the Honourable Artillery Company , as well as the Corps of Serjeant at Arms Serjeants at Arms , the Gold Stick and Silver Stick , and the High Constables and Guard of Honour of the Palace of Holyroodhouse . Well known examples include the Royalty and Diplomatic Protection Department of the London Metropolitan Police , the United States Secret Service , and the Diplomatic Security Service of the United States Department of State . Typically they provide security and any ceremonial effect is not per se an objective. DEFAULTSORT ProtectiveSecurityUnits Category Protectivesecurityunits Law enforcement stub ... more details
V. Vale, http www.synthpunk.org units slash.html Ultrasonic Security , Slash , Vol. 2, No. 6. June 1979 ...Cleanup date October 2007 Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name The Units image Units play Windows 1979.jpg caption image size background group or band alias origin San Francisco ... The Units are a defunct, early electronic music punk rock New Wave music New Wave synthpunk band ... . The Units were notable for their use of synthesizers in place of guitars, and multimedia ... that played live shows and toured with The Units included Brad Saunders , Tim Ennis , Jay Derrah ... . History The Units were one of the most popular bands of the San Francisco punk and performance art ... punk clubs. The Units also opened for such bands as Soft Cell , Gary Numan , Ultravox , XTC , Bow Wow ... Punk Under Glass , ref http www.synthpunk.org units 1 25 79.html Punk Under Glass by Jeff Jarvis, S.F. EXAMINER, Fri., Jan. 26,1979. ref where the Units performed in the windows of the JC Penney ... at Kezar Pavilion , ref http www.synthpunk.org units 6 4 82.html Ring Cycle by Bill Mandel , S.F. Examiner, June 5, 1981. ref a performance art boxing match between two artists where the Units played the national anthem. Since L.A. s The Screamers never released a record, the Units DIY , self stamped, 7 Extended play EP entitled Units released in 1979, may be the first example of a synthpunk record ... . The Units critically acclaimed first album, Digital Stimulation , released in 1980, was the first ... American record label devoted to New Wave music. Citation needed date August 2007 In 1982, the Units ..., http www.synthpunk.org units disc.html Discs The Units Discography , Synthpunk.org. ref The recording ... was the creation of Rachel Webber s brother, Joel Webber . Webber, radio promo man extraordinaire and the Units ... Man , the Units signed with Epic Records Epic CBS Records and produced a music video for A Girl Like ... Records, but typical of a hard luck recording career, the Units second and third albums both produced ... more details
Protective custody is a type of imprisonment or care to protect a prisoner or other person from harm ... D., Richard L. title Protective Custody Management in Adult Correctional Facilities year 1991 publisher ... for PC units. This factor was cited by Anderson 1980 and Vantour 1979 , with the following broad elements noted as contributing to the problem. Prisoners have the opportunity to request protective ... being. Their request may be granted if the officials rule that the prisoner is truly at risk. Protective ... , but usually protective custody involves some degree of solitary confinement . For people ... of the prison may be sufficient. ref cite web last Turner first Julia title How Protective is Protective Custody? url http www.slate.com id 2087450 accessdate 4 3 2011 ref History of starting PC units Early uses of protective custody started in the 1960s law enforcement but it was used infrequently ... in solitary confinement for protection and given 15 a month. Since the 1970s the Federal Witness Security ... number of convictions. ref cite web title protective custody url http legal dictionary.thefreedictionary.com protective custody ref In return for assistance from these participants, the witness and family ..., the federal government has created witness protection units within federal prisons. Protected ..., jewelry, and other items. In a prison context, protective custody is used mainly in the following ... . ref http www.arap.so36.net lgt news dt TGjail.html LGBTjail0104 Part four The myth of protective ... concepts for PC units Type of separation used Advantages to housing these individuals is that its a totally separate institution. Inmates may be housed in smaller, self contained, specialized units ... management. Perimeter security Perimeter security must be maintained with a minimum number of breaks ... is linked from Gestapo Protective custody does not necessarily imply a prisoner or a prison ... frmPublications epcinforpak 114200430207.pdf Emergency Protective Custody Checklist for Law ... more details
Medical Protective is an United States American liability insurance company for physician s and dentist s. Medical Protective traces its roots back to a predecessor company, the Physicians Guarantee Company ... Protective Company and in 1913, Medical Protective acquired Physicians Defense Company. ref Medical Protective Takes over Physicians Defense , The Fort Wayne Daily News, November 15, 1913 ref Byron Somers and by his descendants ran Medical Protective until 1998 when General Electric purchased ... name midwest cite news title Berkshire Hathaway and GE Complete Medical Protective Transaction url ... over 2 billion. ref name midwest Its products are Underwriting underwritten by the Medical Protective ... on the board of directors. 1907 Medical Protective is founded by Byron H. Somers and Charles M. Niezer and offers pre paid legal defense coverage to healthcare providers. 1910 Medical Protective expands expands coverage to include indemnity coverage. Medical Protective offers medical professional ... Protective 1920s Byron H. Somers leads Medical Protective and the company becomes the largest insurer of healthcare providers in 17 states. 1930s Medical Protective introduces a much broader coverage ..., named Brief on Malpractice Law. 1940s Medical Protective defends well over 50,000 claims ... Always with a vision towards the future of healthcare, Medical Protective begins insuring residents and interns during their training. 1960s Medical Protective begins to expand coverage and increase limits and continues its national leadership position. 1970s Medical Protective is one of the few ... Protective continues to offer occurrence coverage and to award claim free credits for policyholders without losses. 1990s Focusing on the continuum of care, Medical Protective begins to insure small and community based hospitals. 1998 General Electric purchases Medical Protective and expands coverage countrywide. 2001 Recognizing technology advancements, Medical Protective offers online risk management ... more details
The protective index is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxicity. Quantitatively, it is the ratio given by the toxic dose divided by the therapeutic dose. A protective index is the toxic dose of a drug for 50 of the population TD50 TD sub 50 sub divided by the minimum effective dose for 50 of the population ED 50 ED sub 50 sub . A high protective index is preferable to a low one this corresponds to a situation in which one would have to take a much higher dose of a drug to reach the toxic threshold than the dose taken to elicit the therapeutic effect. A drug should ordinarily only be administered if the protective index is greater than one, indicating that the benefit outweighs the risk. math mbox Protective index frac mathrm TD 50 mathrm ED 50 math The protective index is similar to the therapeutic index , but concerns toxicity TD50 TD sub 50 sub rather than lethality LD50 thus, the protective index is a smaller ratio. Toxicity can take many forms, as drugs typically have multiple side effects of varying severity, so a specific criterion of toxicity must be specified for the protective index to be meaningful. Ideally a choice is made such that the harm caused by the toxicity just outweighs the benefit of the drug s effect. Thus, the protective index is a more accurate measure of the benefit to risk ratio than the therapeutic index, but is less objectively defined. Nevertheless, the therapeutic index can be viewed as an upper bound to the protective index for a given substance. Pharmacology Category Pharmacology pharma stub ... more details
unreferenced date November 2011 Infobox Company company name Protective Life Corporation company logo Image Protective logo.jpg company type Public company Public NYSE PL company slogan Doing the right thing is smart business. foundation 1907 location Birmingham, Alabama Birmingham , Alabama , USA key people John D. Johns, President and Chief Executive Officer br Richard J. Bielen, Chief Financial Officer br Carolyn M. Johnson, Chief Operating Officer industry Insurance & Finance products Life Insurance revenue profit 3.06 billion United States dollar USD 2009 operating income profit 416 million United States dollar USD 2009 net income profit 271 million United States dollar USD 2009 assets 42 billion USD 2009 num employees 2,302 2009 homepage http www.protective.com www.protective.com Protective Life Corporation , headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama Birmingham , Alabama , is a Fortune 1000 holding company whose subsidiaries provide financial services through the production, distribution, and administration of insurance and investment products. Protective Life Insurance Company was founded in 1907 by former Alabama Governor William Dorsey Jelks in Birmingham, Alabama Birmingham . From around 1920 to 1940, Protective Life pursued a rapid expansion policy. When William J. Rushton, III assumed the role of CEO in 1969, Protective Life was already a regional provider throughout large portions of the South . In an attempt to grow the company, William J. Rushton, III pushed for an ambitious plan to introduce Protective Life into all 50 U.S. states. Today, the 100 year old company is one of the USA s leading providers of life insurance . cn date November 2011 As of 2009, Protective ... our values our heritage.aspx title Protective Life Our Heritage and Values ref Protective Life is also ... Coast Life . The company has its headquarters in Birmingham along with its Protective brokerage office ... links http www.protective.com Protective Life s Website http www.etermlifeinsurance.net term life companies ... more details
unreferenced date March 2010 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Wills, trusts, estates The Protective Trust is a form of settlement found in England and Wales and several Commonwealth of Nations Commonwealth countries. It has marked similarities to asset protection trusts found in several offshore jurisdictions and US Spendthrift trust s. In such a trust assets are ordinarily held to pay an income to the beneficiary trust beneficiary . The beneficiary may also have access to capital of the trust with the trustee s permission. The right to receive income from a trust would ordinarily be an asset in the hands of the beneficiary and could be sold, thwarting the intention of the donor to spread the gift over the recipient s lifetime. Additionally on a bankruptcy the right to the income would be sold by the beneficiary s trustee in bankruptcy. To give protection to beneficiaries, a protective trust automatically converts into a discretionary trust , under which the beneficiary has no right to the income, if he or she does anything which breaches a condition specified in the document creating the trust. The establishment of this discretionary trust is ordinarily exempt from the charge to UK inheritance tax on the establishment of discretionary trusts. Such protective trusts have a longstanding history. To reduce the verbose definitions that had previously to be recited in the establishing documents of a protective trust, in England and Wales s33 of the Trustee Act 1925 and equivalent legislation in other jurisdictions provides that this protection will arise in any trust described as a protective trust in its trust deed. Protective trusts are subject to challenge under creditor protection legislation as are any other forms of asset protection. However many jurisdictions do not permit a trust to be broken where a debtor who remains a discretionary beneficiary only .... See also Asset protection DEFAULTSORT Protective Trust Category Wills and trusts UK law stub ... more details
orphan date May 2008 Protective sequestration is a public health term that refers to measures taken to protect a small, defined, and still healthy population from an epidemic or pandemic before the infection reaches that population. Given the extraordinary nature of these measures, they should be considered, if at all, only under exceptional circumstances 1 implementation is feasible, 2 the measures can be enforced, and voluntary compliance of the sequestered population is highly likely, and 3 the sequestered population and or the work they perform merits this effort and justifies the use of these measures. The term protective sequestration was coined by Howard Markel and his colleagues, in their paper that described the successes and failures of several communities in the United States in their attempts to shield themselves from the 1918 1920 so called Spanish Influenza pandemic during the second wave of that pandemic September December 1918 . ref See Howard Markel, Alexandra M. Stern, J. Alexander Navarro, Joseph R. Michalsen, Arnold S. Monto, and Cleto DiGiovanni, Jr., Nonpharmaceutical Influenza Mitigation Strategies, US Communities, 1918 1920 Pandemic, Emerging Infectious Diseases , vol. 12, no. 12 December 2006 available at http www.cdc.gov ncidod eid vol12no12 06 0506.htm. ref The term protective sequestration avoids the use of the word quarantine, which, in public health, refers to the voluntary or enforced detention of a person who, because of actual or possible contact with a person carrying an infectious agent, may have acquired that agent and be capable of passing ... that contributed to the rare successes of protective sequestration were the following. First, the community ... protective measures early before neighboring communities did . Second, taking advantage of the community .... Fifth, protective sequestration measures remained in effect for the duration of the risk. An advantage of protective sequestration is that it shields selected people from infection and possibly ... more details
see also Power system protection refimprove date September 2010 In electrical engineering , a protective relay is a complex electromechanical apparatus, often with more than one coil, designed to calculate operating conditions on an electrical circuit and trip circuit breakers when a fault is detected. Unlike switching type relay s with fixed and usually ill defined operating voltage thresholds and operating times, protective relays have well established, selectable, time current or other operating parameter curves. Such relays may be elaborate, using arrays of induction disks, shaded pole magnets .... The various protective functions available on a given relay are denoted by standard ANSI Device Numbers . For example, a relay including function 51 would be a timed overcurrent protective relay. File Protective Relays Hydroelectric Station.JPG thumb right Electromechanical protective relays at a hydroelectric generating plant Design and theory of these protective devices is an important part of the education ... are nearly entirely replaced with microprocessor based digital protective relay s numerical ... over the world. Operation principles Electromechanical protective relays operate by either magnetic ... force is produced. ref name GEC97 Protective Relays Application Guide 3rd Edition , GEC Alsthom Measurements Ltd. 1987, no ISBN, pages 9 10, 83 93 ref Protective relays can also be classified by the type of measurement they make. A protective relay may respond to the magnitude of a quantity ... name GEC97 Types Overcurrent relay An overcurrent relay is a type of protective relay which operates ... to protective relays was described as early as 1928, using vacuum tube amplifiers. Devices using ..., long life and low maintenance. Digital protective relays Main Digital protective relay The functions ... protective relays, sometimes called numeric relays . File Protective relay.jpg thumb right A microprocessor ... instruments References references C. Russel Mason, The Art and Science of Protective Relaying , General ... more details
Protective signs are symbols to be used during an War armed conflict to mark persons and objects under the protection of various treaties of International Humanitarian Law IHL . While their essential meaning can be summarized as Don t shoot or Don t attack , the exact conditions implied vary depending on the respective sign and the circumstances of its use. The form, shape and color of these signs are defined by the rules of IHL. Usually, they are easy to draw in order to make even an improvised use as easy as possible, and they were chosen to be as concise, recognizable and visible as possible under all circumstances. Usage of protective signs is restricted to armed conflicts. They are to be used only by eligible organizations or groups to mark their personnel, vehicles, buildings and other objects. The misuse of protective signs is a violation of International Humanitarian Law and punishable under the national law of all countries who are state parties to the respective treaties. List of protective signs The following signs have a protective meaning under certain conditions the Red Cross ref name GC1 Defined in article 38 of the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field August 12, 1949 ref and the equivalent signs of the Red Crescent, ref name GC1 the Red Lion with Sun ref name GC1 and the Red Crystal ref name ZP3 Defined in article 2 of the Protocol additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem Protocol III , 8 December 2005 ref to be used to mark all persons and objects under the protection of the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their additional protocols of 1977 see emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement ... Pact is still a valid protective sign in the relations between states which are bound by the Washington ..., this symbol is still recognized as a protective sign with equal status to the Red Cross, Red Crescent ... more details
Refimprove article date May 2010 Protective laws were Coming into force enacted to protect Woman women from certain hazards or difficulties of paid work. These Law laws had the effect of reducing the employment available to women, saving it for men. These were enacted in many United States U.S. jurisdictions and some were in effect until the mid or late 20th century. The name is not a formal one, but is a widely used colloquial term, as was the term protective legislation . ref Stansell, Christine, The Feminist Promise 1792 to the Present N.Y. Modern Library, 1st ed. 2010 ISBN 978 0 679 64314 2 , p. 197 protective legislation as term . ref Feminism sidebar expanded all Labor Range of laws Over a thousand laws affected work hours, wages, occupational choice, mandatory seating, homework, and rights to do business and make contracts. ref name JaneGrant Confession pp688690 Grant, Jane, Confession of a Feminist , in The American Mercury , vol. LVII, no. 240, Dec., 1943, pp. 684 691, esp. pp. 688 690. ref Specifically, various laws required a history of the minimum wage minimum wage for women and children ref name GreedLustGender p276andn37 Folbre, Nancy, Greed, Lust and Gender A History of Economic Ideas Oxford Oxford Univ. Press, 2009 ISBN 978 0 19 923842 2 , p. 276 & n. 37 author prof. economics, Univ. of Mass. Amherst . ref criticized because women allegedly didn t need the money, the minimum wage was opposed for men and ruled unlawful in 1923 ref name GreedLustGender p276andn37 and forbade or regulated lifting heavy loads, working at night or for long hours, or tending Bar establishment ... female only protective laws as against women s interests. ref Stansell, Christine, The Feminist ... genders, such as the Occupational Safety and Health Act . An argument for protective laws still ... advocated for protective legislation. ref Badran, Margot, Feminism in Islam Secular and Religious .... DEFAULTSORT Protective Laws Category History of women s rights in the United States Category Feminism ... more details
Protective autoimmunity is a condition in which cells of the adaptive immune system contribute to maintenance of the functional integrity of a tissue, or facilitate its repair following an insult. The term protective autoimmunity was coined by Prof. Michal Schwartz of the Weizmann Institute of Science Israel , whose pioneering studies were the first to demonstrate that autoimmune T lymphocytes can have a beneficial role in repair, following an injury to the central nervous system CNS . Most of the studies on the phenomenon of protective autoimmunity were conducted in experimental settings of various CNS pathologies and thus reside within the scientific discipline of neuroimmunology . Background The adaptive immune system primarily consists of T and B cells lymphocyte s , which can respond to specific antigen s and subsequently acquire an immunological memory. The activity of adaptive immunity is critically important for host defense against pathogens. Cells of the adaptive immunity that respond to self antigens are termed autoimmune cells . Autoimmunity , the activity of autoimmune cells, is generally considered in the context of an autoimmune disease a pathological condition induced by an overwhelming activity of autoimmune cells. One of the hallmarks of immunity is the ability to transfer ... work by the Schwartz group has shown that protective autoimmunity is a naturally occurring physiological ... first E. authorlink coauthors et al. year 2001 month title Protective autoimmunity is a physiological ... them cytotoxic whereas IFN gamma and IL 4 render them protective journal Mol Cell Neurosci volume ... protective autoimmunity maintains the brain s functional integrity under non injurious conditions ..., an initially protective autoimmune response can reach a tipping point, after which it will have a detrimental ..., or at a single site at the injured spinal cord. Therapeutic implications The concept of protective ... as a damaging factor. Skepticism towards protective autoimmunity has been further fueled ... more details
Standard units may refer to Units of measurement United States customary units disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
The electrostatic system of units is a system of units used to measure electrical quantities of electric charge , Electric current current , and voltage , within the Centimetre gram second system of units centimeter gram second or CGS metric system of units. In electrostatic units, electrical charge is defined via the force it exerts on other charges. Although CGS units have mostly been supplanted by the MKSA or International System of Units SI units, electrostatic units are still in use in some applications, most notably certain fields of physics such as particle and astro physics. The main electrostatic units are Statcoulomb or esu for charge Statvolt for voltage Gauss unit Gauss for magnetic induction External links Article on Centimetre gram second system of units CGS units in electromagnetism CGS units in electromagnetism External links http www.qsl.net g4cnn units units.htm Electrical units Category Centimetre gram second system of units Electrostatic Units Category Electricity de esu ... more details
Units is a cross platform computer program for conversion of units of quantities. It has a database of Units of measurement measurement units , including List of strange units of measurement esoteric and historical units. This for instance allows conversion of velocities specified in furlong s per fortnight , and pressures specified in ton s per acre . Output units are checked for consistency with the input, allowing verification of conversion of complex expressions. The original units program has ... cms eaton cf metadata CF 1.0.html date 2003 10 28 ref GNU units The newer GNU free software version of units or GNU Units was written by Adrian Mariano. GNU units includes several extensions ... can be larger than 9 if written with code code or code code . Sums of units e.g., code nowrap btu ft lbf code can be converted. Units that measure reciprocal dimensions can be converted e.g., code ... allows more natural expressions, such as in the example that follows. Roots of units e.g., code nowrap sqrt lbf inch lb code can be computed. Nonlinear units conversions e.g., F to C are supported ... in itself, as it is extensively commented and cites numerous sources. Usage Units will output .... The second line is the same conversion expressed as a division. Units can also do math while converting ... that are incompatible units will print a conformability error message and display a reduced form of each measurement. Examples The examples that follow show results from GNU units version 1.88 GNU units versions 1.84c and earlier defined a furlong in terms of the U.S. survey foot rather ... furlongs. Interactive mode GNU units version 1.88, Windows XP SP3 2526 units, 72 prefixes, 56 nonlinear units You have 10 furlongs You want miles 1.25 0.8 You have 1 gallon 3 pints You want ... btu 29.352939 0.034068139 You have On the command line non interactive GNU units version 1.88, Windows XP SP3, cmd.exe C units ten furlongs per fortnight kilometers per hour 0.0059871429 167.02458 ... more details
In physics the Stoney units form a system of units named after the Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney , who first proposed them in 1881. They are the first historical example of natural units , i.e. units of measurement designed so that certain fundamental physical constant s serve as base unit s. The set of constants that Stoney used as base units is the following ref http books.google.com books?id uSykSbXklWEC&pg PA291 The anthropic cosmological principle , by Barrow and Tipler, p291 ref ref ... of Stoney units, of all these constants equal one math e c G 4 pi varepsilon 0 1 , math Stoney s set of base units is similar to the one used in Planck units , proposed independently by Planck thirty ..., Howell, p191 ref In Stoney units, the numerical value of Planck s constant is not 1, but is math ... units are more commonly used than Stoney units in modern physics, especially quantum gravity including string theory . Rarely, Planck units are referred to as Planck Stoney units. ref name Penz History ... charge was quantized from this quantization he deduced the units that are now named after him. ref Stoney G. On The Physical Units of Nature, Phil.Mag. 11 , 381&ndash 391, 1881 ref ref G. Johnstone Stoney, http books.google.com books?id R79WAAAAIAAJ&pg PA51&dq 22On The Physical Units of Nature 22&hl ... 20The 20Physical 20Units 20of 20Nature 22&f false On The Physical Units of Nature , The Scientific ... mm sup 3 sup , the modern value is val 2.687 e 16 , instead of Stoney s 10 sup 18 sup . Stoney units and Planck units The Stoney length and the Stoney energy, collectively called the Stoney scale , are not far ... with the Stoney length ref name Tomilin1 K. Tomilin, Natural System of Units , Proc. of the XX11 ... 1998 . Enlargement of Planck s System of Absolute Units , preprint physics 9811018 ref ref name ... units Physical constant s Planck scale Footnotes Reflist External links systems of measurement DEFAULTSORT Stoney Scale Units Category Natural units ... more details
Atomic units au or a.u. form a systems of measurement system of natural units which is especially convenient for atomic physics calculations. There are two different kinds of atomic units, which one might name Hartree atomic units ref name Hartree28 Cite news last Hartree first D. R. title The Wave Mechanics ... doi 10.1017 S0305004100011919 ref and Rydberg constant Rydberg atomic units , which differ in the choice of the unit of mass and charge. This article deals with Hartree atomic units . In atomic units ... hbar h 2 pi math Coulomb s constant math 1 4 pi epsilon 0 math . Atomic units are often abbreviated ... unit s, and absorbance absorbance units in different contexts. Use and notation Atomic units, like SI units , have a unit of mass, a unit of length, and so on. However, the use and notation is somewhat ... m 3.4 mathrm a.u. math a.u. means expressed in atomic units . This notation is ambiguous Here, it means ... one, and has the same dimensional ambiguity. It comes from formally setting the atomic units to 1 ... Fundamental atomic units These four fundamental constants form the basis of the atomic units see above . Therefore, their numerical values in the atomic units are unity by definition. class wikitable Fundamental atomic units scope col Dimension scope col Name scope col Symbol Definition scope col Value in SI units mass electron rest mass math m mathrm e math val 9.1093826 16 e 31 u kg electric charge ... their values in any system of units. Of particular importance is the fine structure constant math ... of light , expressed in atomic units. class wikitable Some physical constants expressed in atomic units scope col Name scope col Symbol Definition scope col Value in atomic units speed of light ... p math math m mathrm p m mathrm e approx 1836 math Derived atomic units Below are given a few derived units. Some of them have proper names and symbols assigned, as indicated in the table. k sub B sub is Boltzmann constant . class wikitable Derived atomic units scope col Dimension scope col Name scope ... more details
metre 1 joule of energy. Other units of energy In cgs units, one erg is 1 gram g centimetre ... units The imperial units imperial United States customary units U.S. units for both energy and work ... given in units of kilowatt hours per year kWh yr . This is actually a measurement of average Electric ..., it is still common to measure energy on the atomic scale in the non SI, but convenient, units electronvolt ... Rydberg units have been used. Spectroscopy In spectroscopy and related fields it is common to measure energy levels in units of Wavenumber reciprocal centimetres . These units cm sup 1 sup are strictly speaking not energy units but units proportional to energies, with em hc em being the proportionality ... System of Units SI Appendix B8 Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically ref References reflist See also Conversion of units of energy Footer energy DEFAULTSORT Units Of Energy Category Units of energy ... more details
File Carl Friedrich Gauss.jpg right thumb 250px Carl Gauss Gaussian units comprise a metric system of units of measurement physical units . This system is the most common of the several electromagnetic unit systems based on Centimetre gram second system of units cgs centimetre gram second units . It is also called the Gaussian unit system , Gaussian cgs units , or often just cgs units . ref One of many examples of using the term cgs units to refer to Gaussian units is http nlpc.stanford.edu nleht Science reference conversion.pdf Lecture notes from Stanford University ref The term cgs units is ambiguous ... units, not just Gaussian units, as described below. The most common alternative to Gaussian units are International System of Units SI units . SI units are predominant in most fields, and continue to increase in popularity at the expense of Gaussian units. ref name Rowlett ref name ... units and SI units are not as simple as normal unit conversions. For example, the formulas for physical ... system of units one uses. As another example, quantities that are unitless in one system may have dimensions in another. Alternative unit systems main Centimetre gram second system of units Alternative ways of deriving CGS units in electromagnetism l1 Alternative CGS units in electromagnetism The main alternative to the Gaussian unit system is International System of Units SI units , historically also called the MKS system of units for metres kilogram seconds. ref name Rowlett The Gaussian unit ... gram second system of units Electrostatic units ESU electrostatic units , Centimetre gram second system of units Electromagnetic units EMU electromagnetic units , and Lorentz Heaviside units . Some other unit systems are called natural units , a category that includes atomic units , Planck units , and others. These are closer to CGS units than to SI units in some respects. ref For example, both natural units and CGS have a factor of math 4 pi math in Gauss s law but not Coulomb s law , while SI ... more details
audio.html Apple s Audio Units trademark and license agreements http www.wikirecording.org ... software free audiounit for mac osx Small list of free Audio Units and Tips http www.hitsquad.com smm ... Tips on how to use Audio Units and which hosts that are available etc. CoreFoundation Mac OS X ... unit ko it Audio Units ja Audio Units pl Audio Units ru Audio Units uk Audio Units ... more details
Units EP Moving Units , on Three One G in early 2002. Their touring experience includes opening slots ... Dreams , was released on October 12, 2004 by Palm Pictures . Moving Units released their second ... in November 2007. The band released an EP titled Tension War on February 14, 2011. Moving Units chose to self release the new EP in conjunction with their management firm, Post Modern. Moving Units also played at Coachella 2011 in support of their latest release. Discography Moving Units EP Moving Units EP Palm Pictures 2002 Available single Available Single Palm Pictures 2003 Dangerous Dreams LP ... inch vinyl single So Sweet November 26, 2007 Tension War EP http www.movingunits.net Moving Units Recordings ... Category Musical groups from California Category American dance music groups fr Moving Units ... more details
unreferenced date August 2009 The units place often called the units column in Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts horizontal writing or simply units is the part that contains the multiple of one. It may be calculated by dividing a number by the base exponentiation base in use ten for the common decimal system it will be the Integer integral part of the remainder . Place value notation In a place value or positional notation system like Hindu Arabic numerals , the units place is the last character or digit of an integral number this is the rightmost in left to right Writing system Directionality writing system s like English. In such a case it has the smallest place value . It is found just before the decimal point in non integral numbers just to its left in left to right systems. In Fraction mathematics fraction s between 1 and 1, it may be written as 0 for the sake of clarity ... systems, the units place is always in multiples of the base raised to the zeroth power, one . This is the only ... one character may be inserted in the units place and that character will be the face value of the units ..., the units place will be 0. Despite 0 having a face value of nothing, it is important in these system ... the units place is left without a counter and it is the only place left counterless. It may not even ... likely to appear in the units place. It is 0 in Mongolian and wikt or wikt in Chinese, Japanese ..., it is the units place. If it is a counter, the units place is 0. Shorthand A shorthand may be applied ..., the last character is only the units place if it is preceded by the base tens counter, Sign ... numerals , where order is irrelevant, one might say that all characters are in the units place. In such a case, the quantity and range of characters permitted in the units place is potentially ... precede smaller value character, including the last one that precedes no character, may be said to be in the units ... units place as they represent multiples of &minus 1 negative one . Category Numeration ... more details
Essay like date May 2009 br The term Anthropic units is a neologism for units of measurement which are assumed ... anthropomorphic meaning human shaped units. Other anthropic units are thought to have evolved indirectly ... endeavors. The term natural units designates measurement standards which arise from aspects of nature ... natural units is used in an even more restricted sense, to only include units which are defined in terms ... each have a numerical value of exactly 1 when expressed in those natural units. In contrast to natural units, the term anthropic units a neologism meaning human units describes measurement units ... anthropic units evolved indirectly from human activities such as walking or farming, or were invented by humans to support human endeavors. Anthropomorphic units File Hand Units of Measurement.PNG thumb Some hand derived units of measurement, including the Shaftment 1 , Hand 2 , Palm 3 , Span 4 , Finger 5 and Digit 6 Anthropomorphic units are a special subclass of anthropic units. Anthropomorphic units are named after body parts such as the foot, palm, etc., and are very roughly the size of the body ... anthropomorphic units were standardized in prehistoric times, we have no way of knowing how the units ... units. The oldest surviving cubit rules date from 2700 to 2650 BCE, some time after the invention ... of an average man s thumb. Other European languages have similarly sized anthropomorphic units with names ... have resulted in various anthropomorphic measurement units. A technique for measuring ropes is to hold ... of the chest. cn date September 2011 Other anthropic units Some anthropic units were not directly derived ... or farming. A few examples are as follows Anthropic Farm Units furlong The furlong is a unit ... to be 3 miles. Anthropically scaled natural units Anthropic units and natural units each have unique advantages and disadvantages. Anthropic units, which arise from human physiology and behavior, often ... units is that they are often difficult to standardize. Metric Scale Evolution width 40px ... more details
In finance, a dividend unit is the right to receive payments equal to actual dividend s paid on a Share finance share or a stock . A dividend unit can be granted for a term, for example 20 years from the date of grant. Unreferenced date May 2007 investment stub Category Dividends Units ... more details
Lead rewrite date October 2010 Breaches of statute law in Australia are usually prescribed in terms of penalty units or PU s. To establish a fine, multiply the number of penalty units by the amount. The value of a penalty unit in the state of Victoria Australia Victoria is A 122.14 As of 2011 07 01 lc on ref cite web url http www.ocpc.vic.gov.au CA2572B3001B894B pages faqs penalty and fee units publisher Office of the Chief Parliamentary Counsel title Penalty & Fee Units accessdate 2010 10 15 ref . Therefore a fine defined as 100 penalty units would incur a penalty of 12,214, rounded to the closest 10 cents. One penalty unit in NSW is 110 ref cite web url http www.austlii.edu.au au legis nsw consol act cpa1999278 s17.html publisher AustLII title Crimes Sentencing Procedure Act 1999 NSW s.17 accessdate 2010 01 04 ref . One penalty unit in Queensland is 100 ref cite web url http www.legislation.qld.gov.au LEGISLTN CURRENT P PenaltASenA92.pdf publisher Queensland Government title Penalties and Sentences Act 1992 Qld s.5 accessdate 2011 05 26 ref . Under Australian federal law a penalty unit is 110 As of 2007 lc on ref cite web url http www.austlii.edu.au au legis cth consol act ca191482 s4aa.html publisher AustLII title Crimes Act 1914 Cth s.4AA accessdate 2010 01 04 ref . References references cite web url http www.rurallaw.org.au handbook xml go01.php title Rural Law Online Glossary work accessdate 2008 03 22 See also Standard scale Use dmy dates date October 2010 DEFAULTSORT Penalty Units Category Australian criminal law ... more details
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