About the term in logic and philosophy In logic and philosophy , the term proposition from the word wikt ... up a meaningful declarative sentence. The meaning of a proposition includes having the quality or property ... proposition in sense of the words or the meaning expressed by the words. ref see eg http plato.stanford.edu ..., the term sentence is often now used instead of proposition to refer to just those strings of symbols ... a proposition as a sentence which affirms or denies a Predicate logic predicate of a subject philosophy subject . An Aristotelian proposition may take the form All men are mortal or Socrates is a man ... bearers . This conception of a proposition was supported by the philosophical school of logical positivism ... structured entities with objects and properties as constituents. Others have held that a proposition ... states of affairs can still be differentiated. For instance, the proposition that two plus two equals ... psychology belief, desire, etc. that one can take toward a proposition e.g. it is raining , snow ..., her mental content is the proposition it is raining . Furthermore, since such mental states ... a proposition is a particular kind of sentence, one which affirms or denies a Predicate logic predicate ... Attempts to provide a workable definition of proposition include blockquote Two meaningful declarative sentences express the same proposition if and only if they mean the same thing. blockquote thus defining proposition in terms of synonymity. For example, Snow is white in English and Schnee ist wei in German are different sentences, but they say the same thing, so they express the same proposition. blockquote Two meaningful declarative sentence tokens express the same proposition if and only ... sentences sentence tokens which have the same meaning and thus express the same proposition, could ... claim that all definitions of a proposition are too vague to be useful. For them, it is just a misleading ... formulated proposition, even though it is false not a fact . Most statements of fact are compound ... more details
Infobox Film name The Proposition image The Proposition 5.jpg caption Promotional poster for The Proposition director John Hillcoat producer Chris Brown producer Chris Brown br Chiara Menage br Jackie O Sullivan br Cat Villiers writer Nick Cave starring Guy Pearce br Ray Winstone br Emily Watson br Danny Huston br David Wenham br John Hurt music Nick Cave br Warren Ellis musician Warren Ellis cinematography Beno t Delhomme editing Jon Gregory film editor Jon Gregory distributor First Look Pictures ... United Kingdom language English budget The Proposition is a 2005 in film 2005 Western genre western ... for Charlie and his younger brother Mikey. Captain Stanley Ray Winstone makes the proposition to Charlie ... Rodney Boschman as Tobey Soundtrack The film s soundtrack, titled The Proposition soundtrack The Proposition ... by Nick Cave and violinist Warren Ellis musician Warren Ellis . Critical response The Proposition ... rating at Rotten Tomatoes . ref http www.rottentomatoes.com m proposition Rotten Tomatoes The Proposition ... rogererbert.com Reviews The Proposition xhtml ref ref http www.imdb.com gallery ss 0421238 Ss 0421238 iid 1094208.jpg.html?path gallery&path key 0421238 imdb.com Photos The Proposition ref Indigenous ... roles in the film. As noted in behind the scenes features included on The Proposition DVD, the film ... cultures in The Proposition to the landmark film The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith 1978 . DVD The DVD ... The Proposition grossed 2,271,100 at the box office in Australia. ref http film.vic.gov.au resources ... 0421238 title The Proposition Amg movie 317309 The Proposition http www.infilm.com.au reviews theproposition.htm ... 10 The Proposition at the National Film and Sound Archive http url.edna.edu.au 4bbN Full Cast Credits at IMDB DEFAULTSORT Proposition, The Category 2005 films Category 2000s Western films Category Australian Western films Category Bushrangers Category Films set in the 1880s de The Proposition T dliches Angebot fr The Proposition it La proposta film 2005 nl The Proposition pl Propozycja ru ... more details
Proposition 48 may refer to Proposition 48 NCAA , proposition for the USA National Collegiate Athletics Association California Proposition 48 2002 , Californian ballot proposition dab ... more details
Proposition 7 may refer to California Proposition 7 1911 California Proposition 7 of 1911 concerning direct democracy California Proposition 7 2008 California Proposition 7 of 2008 concerning renewable energy Proposition 7 of Ludwig Wittgenstein s Tractatus Logico Philosophicus disambig ... more details
Proposition 203 may refer to several Referendum propositions numbered 203. Arizona Arizona Proposition 203 2010 English for Children Arizona Proposition 203, 2000 disambig ... more details
wiktionary proposition A proposition is a sentence expressing something true or false. Proposition may also refer to In logic, mathematics, and philosophy Propositional calculus also propositional logic or sentential calculus a formal system in which formulae representing propositional formulas can be formed Propositional formula a type of syntactic formula which is well formed and has a truth value i.e., an assertion formulated in such a way that it may be proven true or false In political science Initiative or referendum Motion democracy Resolution law A point of debate In the scientific method Hypothesis Theory Thesis statement In culture Proposition bet , a bet made on a certain outcome The Proposition , a 2005 film written by Nick Cave Propositions , a 1982 album by The Bar Kays disambig cs V rok de Proposition fr Proposition it Proposizione sk V rok vi M nh ... more details
A categorical proposition contains two categorical terms, the subject and the predicate and affirms or denies the latter of the former http www.philosophypages.com dy c.htm capro Categorical propositions ... getting fired for buying IBM The subject and predicate are called the terms of the proposition. The subject is what the proposition is about. The predicate is what the proposition affirms or denies about the subject. A categorical proposition thus claims something about things or ways of being ... hypothetical proposition s if then statements that connect propositions rather than terms and disjunctive proposition s either or statements, claiming exclusivity between propositions . Quality, quantity ..., and distribution qualities. Quality refers to whether the proposition affirms or denies the inclusion ... and quantity are four types of categorical propositions designated alphabetically A proposition is a universal affirmative All S is P E proposition is a universal negative No S is P I proposition is a particular affirmative Some S is P O proposition is a particular negative Some S is not P All four types have different distribution properties. Distribution refers to what can be inferred from the proposition. An A proposition distributes the subject to the predicate, but not the reverse. Consider the following categorical proposition all dogs are mammals. All dogs are indeed mammals but it would ... and predicate. From the categorical proposition, no beetles are mammals, we can infer that no mammals are beetles. Both terms in an I proposition are undistributed. For example, some Americans are conservatives. Neither term in the proposition can be entirely distributed to the other term. From this proposition it is not possible to say that all Americans are conservatives or that all conservatives are Americans. In an O proposition only the predicate term is distributed. Consider the following ... in an O proposition. Schema The general schema of categorical propositions is Quantifier subject ... more details
Creating a value proposition is part of business strategy . Kaplan and Norton ref name kaplan Kaplan ... customer value proposition. Satisfying customers is the source of sustainable value creation. Developing a value proposition is based on a review and analysis of the Cost benefit analysis .... Creating and Delivering Your Value Proposition Managing Customer Experience for Profit, Kogan Page ..., David. Creating and Delivering Your Value Proposition Managing Customer Experience for Profit, Kogan Page, 2009. ISBN 978 0 7494 5512 5 ref , the Value Proposition Builder sup TM sup for creating a value proposition states six stages to the analysis 1. Market for which market is the value proposition ... of the value proposition depends on gathering real customer, prospect or employee feedback ... your value proposition ? Neil Rackham believes that a value proposition statement should consist .... ISBN 0 07 134253 2 ref . Organizations do not directly communicate the outputs of the value proposition creation process i.e., the value proposition statement and template to external audiences ref name ... value proposition statements are internal documents, used by organizations as a blueprint to ensure ... why a customer should buy from a supplier see customer value proposition . business partner Partners ... proposition to convince its Board of directors board to support funding its projects. Employees ... employees. This is sometimes called the human resources HR or employee value proposition . Suppliers ... value proposition Employee value proposition References Reflist External links http futurecurve.com services value proposition create your value proposition Create your Value Proposition http torgronsund.wordpress.com 2010 04 04 how to craft a lean mean value proposition for your startup How to craft a lean, mean Value Proposition for your Startup Methodologist http www.bbmarketingplus.com blog 2008 11 05 capturing buyers attention what makes a value proposition compelling Capturing buyers ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In politics , a proposition is a rarely used term to designate Political party political parties , factions, and individuals in a legislature who are favorable and supportive of the incumbent government, as against the parliamentary opposition opposition Citation needed date November 2008 . A proposition is also a measure or proposed legislation proposed to the members of a legislature or to voters, in a direct popular plebiscite , for their approval. In the US American phenomenon of popular plebiscites, propositions can take the form of an initiative or a referendum for example, see the list of California ballot propositions . A proposition may also be a debate team that supports and tries to prove a Motion democracy motion . DEFAULTSORT Proposition Politics Category Political terms Poli term stub ... more details
Infobox Album Wikipedia Project Albums infobox Name The Proposition Type Soundtrack Artist Nick Cave and Warren Ellis musician Warren Ellis Cover Proposition soundtrack.jpg Released 2005 Recorded 2005 Genre Length 42 23 Label Mute Records Mute Producer Nick Cave , Warren Ellis musician Warren Ellis Reviews Allmusic Rating 4 5 Allmusic class album id r801397 pure url yes link Pitchfork Media Rating 6 10 http www.pitchforkmedia.com article record review 16088 the proposition ost link Last album This album The Proposition br 2005 Next album The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford soundtrack The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford br 2007 The Proposition is a soundtrack recorded by Nick Cave in collaboration with Warren Ellis musician Warren Ellis , and was produced for the film The Proposition , released in October 2005. Music style This album is instrumentally focused, and is a departure from Cave s band oriented compositions. All tracks are directly reproduced from the musical interludes in the film, and feature little alteration from the film score. Many songs on the album are slow tempo and ballad like, and the violin work of Warren Ellis becomes the central voice of the album for much of the time. Cave s unusual vocal performances on the Rider trilogy of songs brings a particularly haunting and uneasy tone to the album. Track listing Written by Nick Cave and Warren Ellis, except where noted Happy Land trad. 1 36 The Proposition 1 3 24 Road to Banyon 1 40 Down to the Valley 3 48 Moan Thing 2 46 The Rider 1 1 15 Martha s Dream Cave, Ellis, Mick Turner , Jim White drummer Jim White 3 07 Gun Thing 4 28 Queenie s Suite Cave, Ellis, Turner, White 3 30 The Rider 2 2 59 The Proposition 2 2 42 Sad Violin Thing 0 50 The Rider 3 1 08 The Proposition 3 2 59 The Rider Song 2 30 Clean Hands. Dirty Hands trad., Cave, Ellis 3 34 Awards 2005 Australian ... Proposition Category Film soundtracks Category Nick Cave albums Category 2005 soundtracks Category ... more details
Refimprove date September 2007 Supercbbox Wikipedia WikiProject Comics title Proposition Player comic color background 8080ff image PropPlayerCover.jpg caption Cover to Proposition Player trade paperback. schedule Monthly format Limited series publisher Vertigo Comics Vertigo imprint of DC Comics date 1999 in comics 1999 issues 6 main char team Joey Martin writers Bill Willingham artists Paul Guinan pencillers inkers colorists creative team month creative team year creators Bill Willingham Proposition Player was a six issue American comic book limited series created by writer Bill Willingham and artist Paul Guinan , published by the American comic book label Vertigo Comics Vertigo imprint of DC Comics . Plot Proposition Player tells the story of Joey Martin, a Las Vegas, Nevada Las Vegas proposition player http www.poker babes.com prop player employed by casinos to join dull card games in order to liven up the gaming. Years of experience have made Joey an expert, if unsatisfied, card player. One night, during a round of drinks, he is pushed into a proposition that sees him buy the souls of thirty two people for the price of one free beer each. It isn t long before those who sold their souls are suffering fatal accidents one by one, and the forces of Heaven and Hell show up trying to put a price on the purchased souls for themselves. References http comicbookdb.com title.php?ID 3153 Proposition Player comicbookdb Category Vertigo limited series Category 1999 comic debuts ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 orphan date November 2009 Proposition 31 is a 1968 novel written by Robert Rimmer that tells the story of two middle class, suburban California couples who turn to a polyamorous relationship to deal with their multiple infidelities as an alternative to divorce . The novel is written as a case study by a psychologist supporting a fictional Proposition 31 that would amend the California Constitution to permit polyamory relationships. In the book, the solution to the couples problems with adultery and the impregnation of one of the couple s wives by the other couple s husband is to commit to a group marriage to raise their five Parenting children in a home Compound fortification compound in which the husbands rotate among the wives. The book is a plea to pass this proposed Referendum proposition to offer a sane alternative to divorce. Category 1968 novels Category American novels 1960s novel stub ... more details
Infobox film name A Safe Proposition image image size alt caption director Leslie S. Hiscott producer writer Michael Barringer narrator starring A.W. Baskcomb music cinematography editing studio distributor released 1932 start date YYYY MM DD runtime 45 minutes country UK language English budget gross preceded by followed by A Safe Proposition is a 1932 UK British comedy film directed by Leslie S. Hiscott and starring A.W. Baskcomb , Barbara Gott , Harold French and Austin Trevor . ref imdb title 0222340 ref References references CinemaoftheUK DEFAULTSORT Safe Proposition, A Category 1932 films Category British films Category 1930s comedy films Category English language films Category Films directed by Leslie S. Hiscott 1930s UK film stub ... more details
In philosophy , the unity of the proposition is the problem of explaining how a sentence in the indicative mood expresses more than just what a list of proper name s expresses. History The problem was discussed under this name by Bertrand Russell , but it actually goes back to Plato . According to Plato s dialogue The Sophist , the simplest kind of sentence consists of just a proper name and a Universality philosophy universal terminology term i.e. a predicate grammar predicate . The name refers ... parts of the proposition, and there are certain philosophical problems connected with this, as Frege ... of the proposition. A predicate cannot function as the subject grammar subject of a sentence. But what ... substitute a verbal noun, and is lost when the proposition in question is made the subject of some other proposition. ...Thus the contradiction which was to have been avoided, of an entity which cannot ... of a difficulty. 52 Consider e.g. A differs from B . The constituents of this proposition are simply A, difference and B. The proposition relates A and B, using the words is ... from in A is different ... R B we are back to a list of terms, we are essentially back at Bradley s regress. A proposition ... will restore the proposition. The verb, when used as a verb, embodies the unity of the proposition ... theory of the proposition . Quotation ... as far as I can see, it s a problem that remains unsolved ... January 2010 Donald Davidson philosopher Donald Davidson See Also Proposition Bradley s regress References Candlish, S., The Unity of the Proposition and Russell s Theories of Judgment , in Bertrand ... and Predication , MIT Press 2005 . Gaskin, R., The Unity of the Proposition , Oxford 2008 . Gibson, M., From Naming to Saying. The Unity of the Proposition , Oxford 2004 . Joachim, H., The Nature of Truth , Oxford 1906 Linsky L., The Unity of the Proposition , Journal of the History of Philosophy ... proposition.html The Nature and Unity of the Proposition http www.webcitation.org query?url http uk.geocities.com ... more details
A probabilistic proposition is a proposition with a measured probability of being true for an arbitrary person at an arbitrary time. These are some examples of probabilistic propositions collected by the Mindpixel project You are not human 0.17 Color and colour are the same word spelled differently 0.95 You do not think the sun will rise tomorrow 0.15 You have never seen the sky 0.13 You are a rock 0.01 Is westlife a pop group? 0.50 I exist 0.98 Bread is raw toast 0.89 Do you know how to talk? 0.89 Category Probability interpretations Category Logic and statistics Category Propositional calculus statistics stub logic stub ... more details
ElectionsMA UStaxation Proposition 2 Mass. Gen. Laws Ch. 59 21C ref http www.mass.gov legis laws mgl 59 21c.htm Mass. Gen. Laws Ch. 59 21C , via Mass.gov ref is a Massachusetts statute which limits property tax increases by Massachusetts municipalities. It was passed by ballot initiative , ref name 70s 325 cite book title How We Got Here The 70s last Frum first David authorlink David Frum coauthors year 2000 publisher Basic Books location New York, New York isbn 0 465 04195 7 page 325 pages url ref specifically called an initiative petition within Massachusetts state law, in 1980 and went into effect in 1982. The name of the initiative refers to the 2.5 annual limit on the increase in taxes that a municipality is permitted. It is similar to other tax revolt measures passed around the same time in other parts of the United States . Real and personal property taxes Under Proposition 2 , a municipality is subject to two property tax limits Ceiling The total annual property tax revenue raised by a municipality shall not exceed 2.5 of the assessed value of all taxable property contained in it. Increase ... effect of Proposition 2 is that municipality income will decline in real terms whenever inflation ... was also lowered by Proposition 2 . Previously, this tax was levied at a rate of 66.00 per 1,000 of car valuation 6.6 , one of the highest automotive taxes of its kind in the United States. Proposition ... excise tax rate. ref http www.mccormack.umb.edu dean docs IssueBook prop2half.html PROPOSITION 2 , by Susanne ... ref Exclusions Proposition 2 excludes four cases from the tax levy increase New growth The Act allows ... Mass.gov ref Since 1983, municipalities have requested, via referendum, 4,449 overrides of Proposition ... Proposition 13 1978 Proposition 13 , the California tax limitation law that inspired the passage of Proposition 2 . ref name 70s 325 References Reflist External links http www.mass.gov Ador docs dls publ misc levylimits.pdf Levy Limits A Primer on Proposition 2 from Massachusetts Dept. of Revenue ... more details
Infobox Futurama episode episode name Proposition Infinity episode no 92 prod code 6ACV04 airdate July ... but not read guest star George Takei as Himself image File Proposition Infinity.png 250px alt Amy ... sleeping together. season six Proposition Infinity Proposition is the fourth episode of the Futurama ... married and advocate to legalize robosexual marriage through Proposition Infinity. The episode was written by Michael Rowe and directed by Crystal Chesney Thompson. Proposition Infinity served as a satire of the controversy over same sex marriage and California Proposition 8 2008 California Proposition 8 generally referred to as Proposition 8 , which banned same sex marriage in California in November 2008. The title of the episode is derived from Proposition 8, turning the 8 sideways to create the symbol for infinity , hence Proposition . Though the episode satirizes arguments for and against ... partner in California during the debate over Proposition 8, returns as a guest star in the series. Proposition Infinity received mostly positive reviews from critics. Co creator David X. Cohen named ... and Amy launch a campaign for the legalization of robosexual marriage. They launch Proposition Infinity Proposition which, in days before the election, slumps in the polls. Amy loses hope, but Bender says that they will win due to his upcoming debate against Professor Farnsworth, the leader of the Proposition ... withdraws his argument, now fully in support of Proposition Infinity. The next day the proposition ... The episode was inspired by the controversy that arose from California Proposition 8 2008 California Proposition 8 in the United States during 2008 and was written by Michael Rowe . ref name CohenTVSquad ..., with Proposition Infinity , they paid specific attention to developing the plot in a way that would ... used for Proposition Infinity , as the team felt that most viewers would not have a strong ... clouds in the background Proposition Infinity was inspired by the political battle over California ... more details
ElectionsAZ Proposition 204 of 2006 or the Humane Treatment of Farm Animals Act ref http www.azsos.gov election 2006 Info PubPamphlet Sun Sounds english Prop204.htm Humane Treatment of Farm Animals Act ref was a law enacted by the voters of Arizona by means of the initiative process. It requires that pigs and calves used for veal on factory farms be given enough room to turn around and fully extend their limbs. The Act was approved in a vote held as part of the Arizona state elections, 2006 2006 Arizona state elections , held on November 7. It passed with over 62 support ref http www.azsos.gov results 2006 general BM204.htm Arizona Sec. of State ref . Provisions The Act amended the Arizona Revised Statutes by adding a new provision, Section 13 2910.07 of the Criminal Code ref http www.azleg.state.az.us FormatDocument.asp?inDoc ars 13 02910 07.htm&Title 13&DocType ARS Title 13, Section 13 2910.07 of the ARS ref . This states that A. Notwithstanding any other provision of title 3 which covers agriculture or title 13 the Criminal Code , a person shall not tether or confine any pig during pregnancy or any calf raised for veal, on a farm, for all or the majority of any day, in a manner that prevents such animal from 1. Lying down and fully extending his or her limbs or 2.Turning around ... Proposition 204 was sponsored by Arizonans for Humane Farms ref http www.yesonproposition204.org Arizonans ... on Proposition 204 campaign was Cheryl Naumann ref http www.yesonproposition204.org Yes on Proposition ... Arizona veterinarians endorsed Proposition 204. It was also endorsed by the Arizona Republic ref ... www.tucsonweekly.com gbase Currents Content?oid 87468 Tucson Weekly ref . The opposition to Proposition ... Proposition 204 stated that he had slaughtered all of his sows because of the expense of complying ... english Prop204.htm Full text of Proposition 204 http www.azleg.state.az.us FormatDocument.asp?inDoc ... www.azsos.gov results 2006 general BM204.htm Voters Pass Proposition 204 on Nov. 7, 2006 http www.yesonproposition204.com ... more details
In gambling , a proposition bet also called a side bet , prop bet , prop , or exotic is a bet made on an outcome or a proposition. These can be anything from statistics and happenstance in a regular game to personal, one of a kind bets. Examples of the former include betting on which team scores first in a match, or which cards are flopped in poker . An example of a one of a kind bet, detailed in the book The Professor, the Banker, and the Suicide King , was David Grey betting Howard Lederer , a vegetarian due to gastric bypass surgery , 10,000 that he wouldn t eat a cheeseburger . Lederer ate the cheeseburger. In casino games, the house often offers proposition bets which are usually called side bets on games like blackjack and craps . These bets are often not favored by experienced gamblers as the house edge on them far exceeds the player s edge on the normal game. For example, the Super 7 s side bet in blackjack has a house edge of 12.6 , while blackjack itself has a house edge of less than 1 if the player follows basic strategy. Blackjack game has over 35 different side bets which influence odds in the game. The probabilities of winning on some bets may be as high as 1000 to 1 as in Lucky Ladies side bet when the bet wins in case the player is dealt a pair of Queens of Hearts and a dealer is dealt a Blackjack . ref cite web url http wizardofodds.com blackjack appendix8.html title Blackjack Side Bets work WizardofOdds.com accessdate 2010 08 20 ref References reflist External links http www.cigaraficionado.com Cigar CA Archives CA Show Article 0,2322,146,00.html Article detailing several prop bets http sportsgambling.about.com od sportsgamblingbasics g Props.htm About.com definition http www.bodoglife.com sportsbook guide wager props.jsp Bodog.com definition Category Wagering ... more details
web year 2004 title Character profile Proposition Joe Stewart publisher HBO accessdate 2006 08 05 ... correctly guesses that Cheese betrayed him. Stanfield rejects Joe s final proposition of disappearing ... more details
There are two different California ballot proposition ballot proposition in California called Proposition 13 California Proposition 13 1978 , about property taxation. California Proposition 13 2009 , about state officer salary increases. disambig ... more details
California Proposition 99 can refer to California Proposition 99 1988 , ballot proposition for adding a tax on tobacco California Proposition 99 2008 , ballot proposition for limiting certain uses of eminent domain disambig ... more details
California Proposition 14 may refer to two different and unrelated propositions proposed in California California Proposition 14 1963 California Proposition 14 2010 disambig ... more details
Proposition 8 may refer to California Proposition 8 2008 mdash the California Marriage Protection Act. California Proposition 8 June 1982 mdash the Victims Bill of Rights. California Proposition 8 November 1978 mdash related to the reassessment of property values. California Proposition 8 1911 mdash introduced the recall of public officials. Texas Proposition 8 2007 mdash relating to home equity loans. disambig ... more details
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