Merge State computer science discuss Talk State computer science Mergedate March 2010 date September 2010 One of the key concepts in computer programming is the idea of state , essentially a snapshot of the measure of various conditions in the system. Most programming language s require a considerable amount of state information in order to operate properly information which is generally hidden from the programmer. For a real world example, consider a Multiway switching Three way and four way three way light switch . An ordinary switch turns on a light when it s in the up position, but in a three way switch the up position could be on or off, depending on the state or configuration of the other switch, which is likely out of view. In fact, the state is often hidden from the computer s hardware as well, which normally has no idea that this piece of information determines programstate, while that piece is a temporary variable and will soon be discarded. This is a serious problem Dubious date February 2010 , as the state information needs to be shared across multiple processors in parallel processing machines. Without knowing which state information is important and which isn t, most languages force the programmer to add a considerable amount of extra code to indicate which data and parts of the code are important in this respect. In computer science , imperative programming is opposed to declarative programming Dubious date February 2010 . Imperative programming is a programming paradigm that describes computation in terms of a programstate computer science state and statements that change the programstate. References Unreferenced date March 2007 See also Dataflow programming Imperative programming State computer science DEFAULTSORT ProgramState Category Operating system technology ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The National Guard State Partnership Program SPP was established in 1993 in response to the radically changed political military situation following the collapse of Communism and the disintegration of the Soviet Union . The SPP was established following the National Guard Bureau s proposal in the spring of 1993 to pair State National Guards with the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The NGB proposal was prompted by CINCEUR s Jan 93 decision to staff the Military Liaison Teams MLTs in the Baltics with Reserve Component personnel, in order to avoid sending a provocative signal to the Russian Federation that could have occurred had active duty soldiers been assigned. The SPP thus began as a bilateral military to military contact program to engage the countries of central and Eastern Europe, and is a direct outgrowth of US European Command s Joint Contact Team Program JCTP . This program has grown far beyond JCTP and is now a key security cooperation tool, facilitating interaction in all aspects of civil military cooperation. The program links U.S. state s with partner countries for the purpose of supporting the security cooperation objectives of the Combatant Commander. The program s goals reflect an evolving international affairs mission for the United States National Guard National Guard using the unique civil military nature of the Guard to interact with both active and reserve forces of foreign countries. The State Partners actively participate in a host of engagement activities ranging from bilateral familiarization and could ... logistical support and funding . Supporting the State Partnership Program comes from many ... of a small part of the United States Department of Defense Department of Defense DoD a State ... Florida Guyana br Florida Venezuela br Georgia U.S. state Georgia Republic of Georgia br Guam Philippines ... Virginia Tajikistan br Washington U.S. state Washington Thailand br Washington DC Jamaica br West Virginia ... more details
The California State Depository Library Program is a program administered by the California State Library . The program was authorized by the California Legislature in the 1945 Library Distribution Act with the goal of making California documents easily available to all California residents. See also California State Library External links http www.library.ca.gov gps gps cal1.html CSL s page on the Depository Program library stub Category California State depository libraries Category State libraries of the United States ... more details
The United States Department of Energy s State Energy Program SEP provides Grant money grant s to states and directs funding to state energy office s from technology programs in Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy . States use grants to address their energy priorities and program funding to adopt emerging renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. ref http apps1.eere.energy.gov state energy program ref The State Energy Program 3 billion funding will be used to provide rebates to consumers for home energy audit s or other energy saving energy saving improvement s to develop renewable energy to promote Energy Star products to upgrade the Efficient energy use energy efficiency of state and local government buildings and other innovative state efforts to help families save money on their energy bills. The energy efficiency upgrades will be available for families making up to 200 of the federal poverty level ref http apps1.eere.energy.gov news news detail.cfm news id 12291 ref See also Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States References References renewable energy stub Category United States Department of Energy Category Renewable energy in the United States ... more details
The Wisconsin State Natural Areas Program is a conservation program created to highlight and protect areas with outstanding natural resource natural or archaeological site archaeological resources in the U.S. state of Wisconsin . There are currently 609 State Natural Areas SNAs encompassing a total of more than convert 330000 acre ha . ref name Front Page cite web author Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources title State Natural Areas Program url http www.dnr.state.wi.us org land er sna date 2010 08 26 accessdate 2011 03 18 ref SNAs protect community ecology natural communities , geological formations, and archaeological sites for research purposes and as refuges for biodiversity and endangered species endangered or threatened species . ref name Front Page Wisconsin s State Natural Areas Program was created in 1951, the first such state sponsored program in the United States, with guidance from early conservationists such as Aldo Leopold , Norman C. Fassett , Albert Fuller, and John Thomas Curtis . ref name Information cite web author Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources title State Natural Areas Program Information url http www.dnr.state.wi.us org land er sna info.htm date 2010 02 02 accessdate 2011 03 18 ref The program is managed by the Bureau of Endangered Resources in the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and advised by a council of 11 scientists and conservationists. The smallest SNAs are less than convert 1 acre ha and the largest is over convert 7700 acre ha . ref name Information Many SNAs have been established on lands already owned by the state, such as within list of Wisconsin state parks Wisconsin state parks . Others are on land managed by other entities like the United States Forest Service U.S. Forest Service , National Park Service , county governments, or conservation organizations like The Nature Conservancy . In those cases cooperative ... www.dnr.state.wi.us org land er sna State Natural Areas Program Category State Natural Areas of Wisconsin ... more details
Infobox University name Washington State University Extension Energy Program image name WSU EEP logo ... footnotes The Washington State University WSU Extension Energy Program is a self supported department within the University. The program has a staff of approximately 100 people, including ..., the Washington Energy Strategy project, the Energy Partnerships program and the Commuter Trip Reduction program. ref History Timeline, Washington State University Extension Energy Program Library, n.d. ... State Energy Code. In addition, the program s building science team conducts research on building ... State Department of Revenue. Public facilities support The WSU Extension Energy Program provides ... students other city Olympia, Washington Olympia state Washington U.S. state Washington province country ... much like a consulting firm, the program s customers include large and small businesses, industrial ... energy crisis was the impetus for formation of the interim Washington State Energy Office, a precursor to the WSU Extension Energy Program. Then Gov. Daniel J. Evans established the WSEO by executive order in 1975. The state established the new agency to coordinate energy related policies and programs ... energy agencies, help establish a citizen based advisory committee on state energy policy, and develop ... office energy related functions of the state departments of Emergency Services and General Administration. ref Executive Order 75 11, State Energy Programs Management and Coordination, www.governor.wa.gov ..., State Energy Office, http apps.leg.wa.gov rcw default.aspx?cite 43.21F&full true ref and its duties ... in public buildings. In 1981, the state legislature broadened and clarified the agency s scope again ... Bill 4085, 47th Washington State Legislature, 1981 ref Over the next few years, the legislature would ... s funding came from sources other than the state s General Fund, including the Bonneville Power Administration , and the U.S. Department of Energy . ref Washington State Energy Office A Review and Options ... more details
The Federal State Marketing Improvement Program FSMIP , sometimes referred to in budget documents as P ayments to States and Territories , the program provides matching funds to states for research and innovative projects aimed at identifying new market opportunities for producers or at improving the efficiency of agricultural marketing systems. The program is administered by the Agricultural Marketing Service and recently has been funded at just over 1 million annually. External links http www.ams.usda.gov tmd fsmip.htm References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach Category United States Department of Agriculture ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2007 http www.stateag.org The National State Attorneys General Program at Columbia Law School http www.law.columbia.edu provides a research and policy think tank and education center for the development and dissemination of law based approaches that state attorneys general can use to advance and protect the public interest. Since its inauguration on March 1, 2004, the Program s symposia, sponsored research and publications have provided a forum and resources to state attorneys general, academics and others about issues of significance to the work of state attorneys general. It is a cornerstone of Columbia s commitment to educating and developing its students and others to be innovators and leaders in government service. Past conferences have focused on the role of state attorneys general in national environmental policy, state attorney general oversight and regulation of charitable organizations, pharmaceutical policy , and consumer & antitrust leadership. http www.law.columbia.edu center program ag Past Conference The National State Attorneys General Program is directed by James Tierney politician James Tierney a Lecturer in law at Columbia Law School and former Attorney General of Maine , and Deputy Director Tam Ormiston http www.law.columbia.edu null Newsletter 2007 01?exclusive filemgr.download&file id 1319&showthumb 0 a current Deputy Attorney General of Iowa . The Program is located under the broader auspices of Columbia Law School s Social Justice Initiatives, and its Dean, Ellen Chapnick. For more in depth information, please visit http www.stateAG.org www.stateAG.org http www.stateag.org Category Columbia Law School ... more details
, a committee established to determine the feasibility of an honors program at Utah State University ... useful life and that an Honors Program for exceptional students enables the university to implement this principle. Citation needed date March 2011 This led to the establishment of the program in 1964. The Honors Program was given a home in the Merrill Library in 1969, having spent the previous ... students finance their research, and making USU home of the 2nd oldest undergraduate research program ... State University Old Main . Academics Utah State University offers two types of Honors courses university ... with 15 credits of upper division Honors work chosen by the student and approved by the program ... immediate benefits of being part of the Honors Program are academic. In addition to the distinction ... advising fell under the direction of the Honors Program, the numbers of applicants to major ... students form a close knit community at USU. The Honors Program has several socials and service ... 20 Jun 2010 ref Last Lecture The Honors Program is also home to USU s Last Lecture, a tradition ... Default.aspx?PageID 52 Nate Alder , 91, History References Reflist Utah State University Category Utah State University ... more details
File US DeptOfHHS Logo.svg right 180px The State Children s Health Insurance Program SCHIP later known more simply as the Children s Health Insurance Program CHIP ref cite web url http www.cms.hhs.gov home chip.asp title Children s Health Insurance Program publisher United States Department of Health and Human Services accessdate July 29, 2009 ref is a program administered by the United States Department ... Program Eligibility Rules by State ref SCHIP Medicaid expansion programs typically use the same names ... the costs of a state healthcare program could create a false savings because other government ... 80xx doc8092 05 10 SCHIP.pdf title The State Children s Health Insurance Program publisher Congressional ... pg. 257 ref The program was designed with the intent to cover uninsured children in families ... a Health Program date 1997 03 14 publisher The New York Times Company url http query.nytimes.com ... 2006, and every state, except Arizona http www.medpagetoday.com PublicHealthPolicy PublicHealth ... In FY 2008, the program faced funding shortfalls in several states. ref cite web url http www.kff.org medicaid upload 7635.pdf title President s FY 2008 Budget and the State Children s Health Insurance Program SCHIP accessdate 2007 07 03 format PDF work Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation ref During the administration of George W. Bush , two attempts to expand funding for the program failed when Bush ... steer the program away from its core purpose of providing insurance for poor children and toward ... the Children s Health Insurance Reauthorization Act of 2009 , expanding the healthcare program ... title Hillary Claims Credit for Child Program publisher Associated Press for NewsMax author Beth Fouhy ... passed in 1996, and met with a Boston Medical Center pediatrics director and a Massachusetts state ... www.boston.com news nation articles 2008 03 14 clinton role in health program disputed ?page full title Clinton role in health program disputed author Susan Milligan publisher The Boston Globe date ... more details
http www.iaea.org worldatom rrdb IAEA Database of Reactors data from 2002 09 04 North Carolina State University NC State s was the first university based reactor program and Nuclear Engineering curriculum ... Reactors DEFAULTSORT North Carolina State University Reactor Program Category Nuclear research reactors ... State University location Raleigh, North Carolina Raleigh , North Carolina type pool power 1 MW power ... burlington.html Burlington Engineering laboratories on North Carolina State University Main ... one still in operation. The other reactor was a 2 MW reactor at the State University of New York at Buffalo ... Image Pulstar1.jpg thumb right The observation room of North Carolina State University NC State s Pulstar ..., and State and local radiation protection personnel. ref name TRTR This reactor is particularly ... in the world, according to a story written by NC State s Dave Pond, which can be viewed at http ncsu.edu ... in cooperation with the Jordan Atomic Energy Commission , U.S Department of State , and the International ... were presented. ref http www.eia.doe.gov cneaf nuclear page at a glance states statesnc.html State ... educational program. The decision was made to offer the first B.S. degree in Nuclear Engineering in the nation. In 1956 Clifford Beck departed the program to accept a position with the United ... Harold Lammonds assumed supervision of the nuclear program. Between 1962 and 1964, the shielding of the R ... operation in 1963, operating at a steady state power level of 250 kW. This reactor became a major part of the nuclear engineering instructional program and also began to provide some services ... Force and Army began to send qualified students to the program to obtain M.S. degrees and later staff the nuclear programs in their own organizations. In the 70 s, the NESEP program Naval Enlisted Scientific Education Program brought a number of well qualified enlisted men into the nuclear program ... program.html Nuclear Reactor Program Bot generated title ref In 1997 the Nuclear Regulatory Commission ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 San Jose State University Fencing Masters Program , is one of only two fencing master training programs offered by higher learning institutions in the United States . History The San Jose State University Fencing Masters Program was founded by Maestro William Gaugler in 1979. The program pedagogy is based on the classical Italian method used by the Scuola Magistrale Militare di Roma Military Masters School of Rome . The Military Masters School of Rome was founded in 1883 in an effort to provide superior training to future coaches through the combination of various Italian Masters input. The first director of the Military Masters School of Rome was Mansaniello Parise who held the position for 26 years. Curriculum Students of the Fencing Masters Program register for class on a semester basis. Classes meet every Saturday 12 00pm 5 00pm on campus during the academic year. During this time both group and individual instruction are given focusing on the three traditional weapons foil fencing foil , epee , and sabre . In order to graduate with certification from the Fencing Masters Program students are required to complete Instructor at Arms 6 semester units 1 year of study Prevost at Arms 12 semester units 2 years of study Master at Arms 18 semester units 3 years of study In the Spring term of every year students must take an exam to prove they have acquired the desired level of knowledge respective to the certification they wish to receive. The exam methods are based on the model given at the National Academy of Fencing in Naples and test the students on the finer points of classical Italian pedagogy. For students testing for the Master at Arms certification they must not only meet the above criteria, but write an academic thesis on an approved fencing ... San Jose State University Fencing Masters Program http www.sonoma.edu users s sullinsj FMCP.html Sonoma State University Fencing Masters Program Category San Jose State University ... more details
The New York State School Tax Relief Program more commonly known as the STAR Program , or New York State Real Property Tax Law 425, ref name Manual cite journal title School Tax Relief STAR RPTL Section 425 journal Assessor s Manual publisher http www.ny.gov New York State http www.orps.state.ny.us Office of Real Property Services date 2008 01 01 volume 4 issue 4.01 pages 5.01 5.60 url http www.orps.state.ny.us assessor manuals vol4 part1 update part1.pdf accessdate 2008 12 17 ref is a school tax rebate program offered in New York State aimed at reducing school district property taxes on the primary residence s of New York Residency domicile residents . ref name NYSFAQ cite web title STAR School Property Tax Exemption Questions & Answers publisher http www.ny.gov New York State http www.orps.state.ny.us ... name NYSFAQ Essentially, the program is aimed to lower the tax burden on school district residents. This does not affect the overall revenue of a given school district the difference is made up by the state, essentially making the program another source of state aid. The STAR rebate is subtracted ... accessdate 2008 12 17 ref The program was enacted on August 7, 1997, ref name Manual a product ... TU 12 15 97 cite news last Gormley first Michael title State Plan for Lower School Taxes Sparks Fear ... false&thesfile savesufx.fth&view rtemplate&templatetype legacy&query 28 22STAR Program 22 AND school ... Program takes two forms the Basic STAR and the Enhanced STAR. The Basic STAR is open to the primary residence of any New York State resident and exempts USD 30,000 from the true value of a home or property ... to market value for each taxing jurisdiction, as calculated by the State of New York. ref name UnderEqualization ... State Office of Real Property Services url http www.orps.state.ny.us pamphlet under eqrates.htm date ... star index.cfm STAR Program Homepage http www.orps.state.ny.us assessor manuals vol4 part1 update part1.pdf New York State Assessor s Manual, Vol 4 2009 Revisions List of current http ... more details
Wiktionary programme Wiktionary programProgram UK and US may refer to Computer programProgram machine , those executed by machines that are not computers A synonym for Synthesizer Patch patch , a synthesizer setting stored in memory. Programme British English or program American English from the lang grc , lang grc pro before , lang grc gramma letter, writing may refer to Programme booklet , a printed leaflet for patrons of a live event such as a theatre or sports performance Radio programming Television programme Programme music , a type of art music that attempts to render musically an extra musical narrative Programme management , the process of managing several related projects, e.g. in business or science Twelve step programme , a set of guiding principles outlining a course of action for recovery from addiction, compulsion, or other behavioural problems Education program Artistic creations Programme, books art and society series by Zoltan Deme Program , a short film in The Animatrix series The Programme comics The Programme comics , a miniseries by Wildstorm Comics PROGRAM Initiative for Art and Architectural Collaborations , a project space in Berlin for art and architecture See also The Program disambiguation disambig ar bs Program vor bg ca Programa cs Program de Programm et Programm es Programa eo Programo eu Programa fa fr Programme gl Programa ko hr Program he ka la Programma lt Programa nl Programma ja pl Program pt Programa ru sq Programi simple Program sk Program fi Ohjelma sv Program th ur vi Ch ng tr nh zh ... more details
other uses Infobox Film name The Program image The program movie.jpg caption Theatrical release poster writer David S. Ward , br Aaron Latham starring James Caan actor James Caan , br Halle Berry , br Omar Epps , br Craig Sheffer , br Kristy Swanson director David S. Ward music Michel Colombier distributor Touchstone Pictures USA br The Samuel Goldwyn Company International released September 24, 1993 runtime 112 min. language English movie series awards producer Tom Rothman , br Duncan Henderson , br Samuel Goldwyn Jr. budget The Program is a 1993 in film 1993 film starring James Caan actor James Caan , Halle Berry , Omar Epps , Craig Sheffer , Kristy Swanson , Daniel Lee, and Joey Lauren Adams . The film was directed by David S. Ward who has directed and written other Hollywood films such as the Major League film Major League series. The film touches on the season of the fictional college football team, the ESU Timberwolves as they deal with the pressure to make a bowl game , drug abuse drug and alcohol abuse , and overall college life. It follows the trials of Coach Sam Winters Caan , the Heisman Trophy candidate Joe Kane Sheffer , the freshman running back Darnell Jefferson Epps , their girlfriends Berry & Swanson , and other team members. The film was released by Touchstone Pictures in September 1993. The movie went on to gross over twenty million dollars at the box office . The film was shot on location at several United States American universities, including Boston College ... The film progresses to show the problems of a big time football program. Winters daughter is expelled ... List of major characters in The Program Coach Sam Winters James Caan actor James Caan Autumn Haley Halle ... title tt0107889 The Program at the Internet Movie Database References reflist David S. Ward DEFAULTSORT Program, The Category 1993 films Category American football films Category 1990s drama films ... it The Program ... more details
The Linz Program has been the name for multiple political programs. The Linz Program of 1882 called for the Germanization of Austrian state. The Linz Program of 1926 called for the introduction of Marxism in the Austrian state. dab de Linzer Programm ja ... more details
Data transformation A program transformation is any operation that takes a program and generates another program. It is often important that the derived program be semantically equivalent to the original, relative to a particular Formal semantics of programming languages formal semantics . Other program transformations may generate programs that semantically differ from the original in predictable ways. ref Ward, Martin, http www.cse.dmu.ac.uk mward martin thesis index.html Proving Program Refinements ... is the notion of program refinement one program is a refinement of another if it terminates on all the initial states for which the original program terminates, and for each such state it is guaranteed to terminate in a possible final state for the original program. In other words, a refinement of a program is more defined and more deterministic than the original program. If two programs ... mward martin papers index.html Papers ref While program transformations can be defined as manual procedures, it is more useful in practice to use a program transformation system such as Stratego ... of program transformations. Program transformations may be specified as automated procedures that modify compiler data structures e.g. abstract syntax trees representing the program text, or may be specified ... requirement for program transformation systems is that they be able to process the source ... C is a notoriously hard problem. For a program transformation system to be used in a wide variety of circumstances, it must be able to handle a wide variety of languages. This requires the program ... as building the program transformation system itself. See also Comparison of code generation tools ... Data transformation References reflist External links http www.program transformation.org The Program transformation Wiki http www.cse.dmu.ac.uk mward martin papers Papers on program transformation ... Technology Bibliography comp sci stub prog lang stub Category Program transformation ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2009 orphan November 2006 wikify December 2009 The Scientific Thinking and Educational Partnership S.T.E.P. Program is an on campus education program for the University of Florida . Purpose The purpose of the S.T.E.P. Program is to group like minded education majors into similar classes and advantage meetings to guarantee successful training for the future educators. The importance of this is dependent on the state of Florida s slow production of graduate education professionals. Brief history The program started late summer of 2005 with only 32 students and 5 advisors. The program began with just a consistent course schedule in the college environment to establish a solid role of good habits, and soon included advisory meetings, test preparation conferences, and internships at local schools. DEFAULTSORT Step Program Category University of Florida Organisation stub ... more details
Multiple issues newsrelease February 2010 COI February 2010 orphan February 2010 LEARN Program , which stands for Launching Entrepreneurs Across Rural Networks, is a program sponsored by the United States Department of Labor U.S. Department of Labor and Alabama Department for Economic and Community Affairs for displaced workers and veteran s. Its mission is to stimulate economic growth within the state of Alabama by helping expand businesses throughout rural communities. By applying to the LEARN program, applicants are telling LEARN that they want to fix their own hours, set their own salary , and make a difference in the community. The program assists these applicants by offering entrepreneurship training, business counseling, and technical assistance to help get their business off the ground. The steps below outline the process for the LEARN program 1. Register by contacting the closest Career Center or apply online at www.learnala.org 2. Attend Orientation by watching the video online or at your local Career Center 3. Apply for the LEARN grant 4. Assessment after acceptance in the program to test your current business knowledge 5. Training for those who receive the LEARN grant in business plan ning, marketing , cash flow management, and operations management 6. Business counseling through 1 on 1 meetings with experience business experts The LEARN Program is an equal opportunity program and funded through the U.S. Department of Labor and Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs, and implemented by The University of Alabama s MIS program. References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist External links http www.learnala.org LEARN Program DEFAULTSORT Learn Program Category United States Department of Labor ... more details
Infobox file format name Program database icon logo screenshot caption extension .pdb mime type code uniform type magic owner Microsoft released latest release version latest release date genre Debug container for contained by extended from extended to standard url PDB stands for Program Database , a Proprietary software proprietary file format developed by Microsoft for storing debugging information about a program or, commonly, program modules such as a Dynamic link library DLL or EXE . PDB files commonly have a .pdb filename extension extension . A PDB file is typically created from source files during compilation. It stores a list of all symbols in a module with their addresses and possibly the name of the file and the line on which the symbol was declared. This symbol information is not stored in the module itself, because it takes up a lot of space. Applications When a program is debugged, the debugger loads debugging information from the PDB and uses it to locate symbols or relate current execution state of a program source code. Microsoft Visual Studio uses PDB files as its primary file format for debugging information. Another use of PDBs is in services that collect crash data from users and relate it to the specific parts of the source code that cause or are involved in the crash. An example of this is SupportSoft s Talkback. PDB files are usually removed from the programs distribution package. They are used by developers during debugging to gain time and insight. Extracting information Although the PDB format is undocumented and proprietary, information can be extracted from a PDB file using the DIA Debug Interface Access interfaces, available on Microsoft Windows . See also Debug symbol External links http msdn.microsoft.com en us library t6tay6cz.aspx Microsoft ... of a Program Database PDB File http undocumented.rawol.com win pdbx.zip Extract the Content of a Program ... 2000 Secrets discusses the PDB format Category Debugging data formats fr Program database ... more details
dablink For the manned space program, see Chinese space program Project 863 Project 863 The 863 program zh s 863 or State High Tech Development Plan zh s 863 is a program funded and administered by the government of the People s Republic of China intended to stimulate the development of advanced technologies in a wide range of fields for the purpose of rendering China independent of financial obligations for foreign technologies. ref citation first1 Hequan last1 Wu authorlink1 Wu Hequan title The progress of communication technology subject of hi tech research development plan of China journal International Conference on Communication Technology Proceedings, 2000 volume 1 date 2002 08 06 location Beijing isbn 0 7803 6394 9 pages 3 4 doi 10.1109 ICCT.2000.889157 ref History The name 863 comes from the fact that the program was created in March 1986 the third month . It was proposed in a letter to the Chinese government by the engineers Kan Chang Wang Wang Ganchang , Wang Dayan , Yang Jiachi and Chen Fangyun and endorsed by Deng Xiaoping . ref citation first1 Evan A. last1 Feigenbaum authorlink1 Evan A. Feigenbaum title China s Techno warriors National Security and Strategic Competition from the Nuclear to the Information Age publisher Stanford University Press year 2003 location Stanford, California page 141 oclc 49415750 isbn 978 0 8047 4601 4 url http books.google.com ?id 8qwNmG9V1aIC&printsec frontcover PPA141,M1 ref Products resulting from the 863 program The Loongson computer processor family. Originally called Godson . The Shenzhou spacecraft has its roots in Project 863. See also Science and technology in the People s Republic of China Project 985 Project 211 References references External links http www.863.org.cn The 863 program home page S&T in China Category Science and technology in the People s Republic of China PRChina stub eo Programo 863 ja 863 pl Program 863 ru 863 zh 863 ... more details
The Gotha Program was the name given to the party platform adopted by the nascent German Social Democratic Party SPD at its initial party congress , held in the town of Gotha town Gotha in 1875. The program called for universal suffrage , freedom of association , limits on the working day , and for other laws protecting the worker s rights rights and health of workers . ref name gotha http history.hanover.edu courses excerpts 111gotha.html The Gotha and Erfurt Programs ref The Gotha Program was explicitly socialism socialist , stating that the socialist labor party of Germany endeavors by every lawful means to bring about a free state and a socialistic society, to effect the destruction of the iron law of wages by doing away with the system of wage labor , to abolish exploitation of every kind, and to extinguish all social and political inequality. ref name gotha Karl Marx famously attacked the platform, which he had read in draft form, in his Critique of the Gotha Program . ref name marx http www.marxists.org archive marx works 1875 gotha index.htm Karl Marx, Critique of the Gotha Program ref The SPD s platform would become more explicitly Marxism Marxist toward the end of the century, as indicated in its so called Erfurt Program of 1891. References Reflist Category Social Democratic Party of Germany Category Party programs de Gothaer Programm fr Programme d Heidelberg ko ne no Gothaprogrammet pl Program Gotajski sv Gothaprogrammet ... more details
A supervisory program or supervisor is a computer program , usually part of an operating system , that controls the execution of other routines and regulates Scheduling computing work scheduling , input output operations, Exception handling error actions , and similar functions and regulates the flow of work in a data processing system. It can also refer to a program that allocates computer component space and schedules computer events by Priority queue task queuing and system interrupt s. Control of the system is returned to the supervisory program frequently enough to ensure that demands on the system are met. Historically, this term was essentially associated to IBM s line of Mainframe computer mainframe operating systems starting with OS 360 . In other operating systems, the supervisor is generally called the Kernel computer science kernel . In the 1970s, IBM further abstracted the supervisor state from the hardware, resulting in a hypervisor that enabled full virtualization , i.e. the capacity to run multiple operating systems on the same machine totally independently from each other. Hence the first such system was called Virtual Machine or VM operating system VM . References FS1037C MS188 Category Operating system technology ... more details
A program is a list of instructions written in a programming language that is used to control the behavior of a machine , often a computer in this case it is known as a computer program . Note that program not programme is the standard spelling for this sense of the word in all versions of English. Examples of programs include The sequence of Punched card cards used by a Jacquard loom to produce a given pattern within weaved cloth . Invented in 1801, it used holes in punched cards to represent sewing loom arm movements in order to generate decorative patterns automatically. A computer file file containing a list of instructions to be executed by a computer. Barrels, punched cards and music roll s encoding music to be played by player piano s, fairground organ s, barrel organ s and musical box music boxes . The execution of a program is a series of actions following the instructions it contains. Each instruction produces effects that alter the state of the machine according to its predefined meaning. While some machines are called programmable , for example a Programmable thermostat or a musical synthesizer , they are in fact just devices which allow their users to select among a fixed set of a variety of options, rather than being controlled by programs written in a language be it textual, visual or otherwise . Category Computing terminology comp stub ... more details
address spaces and Thread computer science thread s. The programstate as applicable to the chosen ...Portal Software Testing Program animation or Stepping refers to the very common debugging method of executing Code computer programming code one line at a time. The programmer may examine the State computer science state of the program, machine, and related data before and after execution of a particular line of code. This allows evaluatation the Side effect computer science effects of that statement or instruction in isolation and thereby gain insight into the behavior or misbehavior of the executing program. Nearly all modern Integrated development environment IDE s and debugger s support this mode of execution. Some Testing tool s allow programs to be executed step by step optionally at either ... and a Start button . Some means of recording the state of the processor after each cycle e.g. register ... stepping through the application program, a breakpoint or Pause request must usually be set beforehand, usually at a particular statement instruction in the program chosen beforehand or alternatively, by default, at the first instruction . Techniques for program animation There are at least three ... programming instrumentation involves adding additional source code to the program at compile time ... involves forcing a breakpoint at certain points in a program at execution time, usually ... tool to report the status back to the programmer. This method allows program execution at full ... method is that no changes are made to the compiled program to provide the diagnostic and there is almost ... with additional software tracing features. It is also possible to diagnose and prevent many program ... other test debugging features within it such as Tracing software program trace , dump, conditional breakpoint and memory alteration, program flow alteration, code coverage analysis, hot spot detection or similar. Examples of program animators Firebug Firefox extension IBM OLIVER CICS interactive ... more details
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