A preprint is a draft of a scientific paper that has not yet been published in a peer review ed scientific journal . Role Publication of manuscripts in a peer reviewed journal often takes weeks, months or even years from the time of initial submission, because manuscripts must undergo extensive reviewer critique. The need to quickly circulate current results within a scientific community has led researchers to distribute documents known as preprints, which are manuscripts that have yet to undergo peer review . The immediate distribution of pre prints allows authors to receive early feedback from their peers, which may be helpful in revising and preparing articles for submission. Since 1991, preprints have increasingly been distributed electronically on the Internet , rather than as paper copies. This has given rise to massive preprint databases such as arXiv.org and institutional repository institutional repositories . Stages of printing While a preprint refers to an article that has not yet undergone peer review , a postprint refers to an article which has been peer reviewed in preparation of publication in a peer reviewed journal. Both the preprint and postprint may differ from the final published version of an article. Preprints and postprints together are referred to as e prints or http www.eprints.org openaccess self faq What is Eprint eprints . The word reprint refers to re ... to be weighed heavily when a scholar is evaluated for tenure or promotion, unless the preprint becomes the basis for a peer reviewed publication. Preprint server by research field arXiv physics ... Further reading Eysenbach G. The impact of preprint servers and electronic publishing on biomedical ... CurrOpImmunol preprint servers.pdf PDF Eysenbach G. Challenges and changing roles for medical ... colours Pre print, post print, definitions and terms as defined by SHERPA organisation Preprint ... de Preprint fr Pr publication pl Preprint pt Preprint ru ... more details
Summary WMAP three year temperature, polarization and TE cross correlation from http lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov product map current m images.cfm See Hinshaw et al. WMAP collaboration , Three year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe WMAP observations temperature analysis for details preprint available from http lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov product map current map bibliography.cfm Licensing PD USGov NASA ... more details
preprint . ref ref name cyb R. H. Cyburt, B. D. Fields, V. Pavlidou and B. D. Wandelt, Constraining ... 65 , 123503 2002 http arxiv.org abs astro ph 0203240 preprint . ref ref name mitr S. Mitra, Uranus ... 2004 http arxiv.org abs astro ph 0408341 preprint . ref ref G. D. Mack, J. F. Beacom and G. Bertone ... s Heat Flow , Phys. Rev. D 76 , 043523 2007 http arxiv.org abs 0705.4298 preprint . ref ref name zahar ... 2005 http arxiv.org abs astro ph 0406531 preprint . ref ref name javor D. Javorsek II, E. Fischbach ... more details
preprint A Further Analysis of a Cosmological Model of Quintessence and Scalar Dark Matter , Phys. Rev. D 63 , 063506 2001 http arxiv.org abs astro ph 0006024 preprint ref ref V. Sahni and L. Wang ... abs astro ph 9910097 preprint ref The uncertainty in position of a particle is larger than its ... transition and galactic halo as Bose liquid http arxiv.org abs hep ph 9205208 preprint , ref and as boson ... abs hep ph 9507385 preprint ref The enormous Compton wavelength of these particles prevents structure ... Matter , Class. Quant. Grav. 19 , 5017 2002 http arxiv.org abs gr qc 0110102 preprint F. S. Guzm n and L ... , Phys. Rev. D 69 , 124033 2004 http arxiv.org abs gr qc 0404014 preprint Gravitational cooling of self gravitating Bose Condensates , ApJ. 645 , 814 2006 http arxiv.org abs astro ph 0603613 preprint ... , Phys. Rev. D 74 , 063504 2006 http arxiv.org abs astro ph 0608523 preprint . ref See also Weakly interacting ... more details
Summary Inner working of the FASTA program. I need to add this. Permission given by author... as long as I link the article to publication. DON T Delete Author Geoffry. Barton original file http www.compbio.dundee.ac.uk ftp preprints review93 Figure9.pdf Copyright info http www.compbio.dundee.ac.uk ftp This is a preprint of the chapter in Protein Structure prediction a practical approach , Edited by M. J. E. Sternberg, IRL Press at Oxford University Press, 1996, ISBN 0 19 963496 3. Please see that book for the final version. http search.barnesandnoble.com bookSearch isbnInquiry.asp?r 1&isbn 0199634963 B&N Link Online Preprint Link to chapter http www.compbio.dundee.ac.uk ftp preprints review93 review93.pdf Licensing CopyrightedFreeUseProvidedThat a citation of the source, the image has been taken from, is present Copyright permission given Original Message From Geoff Barton xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx To xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Sent Friday, January 20, 2006 11 10 PM Subject Re Fasta wikipedia article Hi xxxxxx xxxxxxxx, Thanks for your question about the Figure. Providing you cite the book chapter in which this Figures is published and also link from the Figure back to the article on my web site, you are welcome to include it in your article. Geoff. ... more details
Expert subject Mathematics date November 2008 Misner space is an abstract mathematical spacetime , discovered by Charles Misner of the University of Maryland, College Park University of Maryland . It is also known as the Lorentzian manifold Lorentzian orbifold math mathbb R 1,1 boost math . An intuitive analogy may be drawn with a video game screen, where a screen element exits the frame through the right side, only to re enter the frame right away through the left side. Moving the spatial limits e.g. the walls of a room enclosing an existing Misner space in the physical world, could theoretically lead to time travel . External links M. Berkooz, B. Pioline, M. Rozali. http www.esi.ac.at Preprint shadows esi1605.html Closed Strings in Misner Space Cosmological Production of Winding Strings , ESI preprint series, Erwin Schr dinger International Institute for Mathematical Physics. Category General relativity relativity stub topology stub time travel ru ... more details
In mathematics, an LLT polynomial is one of a family of symmetric function s introduced by Alain Lascoux , Bernard Leclerc, and Jean Yves Thibon 1997 as q analog q analogues of products of Schur function s. J. Haglund, M. Haiman, N. Loehr 2005 showed how to expand Macdonald polynomial s in therms of LLT polynomials. Ian Grojnowski and Mark Haiman preprint proved a positivity conjecture for LLT polynomials that combined with the previous result implies the Macdonald positivity conjecture for Macdonald polynomials , and extended the definition of LLT polynomials to arbitrary finite root systems. References I. Grojnowski, M. Haiman, Affine algebras and positivity preprint available http math.berkeley.edu mhaiman here J. Haglund, M. Haiman, N. Loehr http arxiv.org abs math 0409538 A Combinatorial Formula for Macdonald Polynomials MathSciNet id 2138143 J. Amer. Math. Soc. 18 2005 , no. 3, 735 761 Alain Lascoux, Bernard Leclerc, and Jean Yves Thibon http arXiv.org q alg 9512031 Ribbon Tableaux, Hall Littlewood Functions, Quantum Affine Algebras and Unipotent Varieties MathSciNet id 1434225 J. Math. Phys. 38 1997 , no. 2, 1041 1068. Category symmetric functions Category Algebraic geometry Category Algebraic combinatorics Category Q analogs Category Polynomials ... more details
Orphan date March 2011 In mathematics, a fake projective space is a complex algebraic variety that has the same Betti number s as some projective space , but is not isomorphic to it. There are exactly 50 fake projective plane s. harvtxt Prasad Yeung 2006 found four examples of fake projective 4 folds, and showed that no arithmetic examples exist in dimensions other than 2 and 4. References citation title Fake Projective spaces url http www.mpim bonn.mpg.de preprints send?bid 3351 first Gopal last Prasad last2 Yeung arxiv math 0602144 publisher MPIM Bonn series preprint year 2006 Category Algebraic geometry ... more details
Summary Summary Information Description en 1 idealized curves of human blood glucose and insulin concentrations during the course of a day containing three meals in addition, effect of sugar rich meal is highlighted Source Solimena Lab and Review Suckale Solimena 2008 Frontiers in Bioscience PMID 18508724, http precedings.nature.com documents 1724 version 2 preprint PDF from Nature Precedings , original data Daly et al. 1998 PMID 9625092 Author Jakob Suckale, Michele Solimena Date 2007 Permission other versions http commons.wikimedia.org wiki File Suckale08 fig3 glucose insulin day.jpg JPEG version Licensing cc by sa 3.0 ... more details
Context date April 2008 In astrophysics self interacting dark matter is a hypothetical form of dark matter consisting of particles with strong self interaction s. This type of dark matter was postulated to resolve a number of conflicts between observations and simulations on the galactic scale and smaller. ref name sper D. N. Spergel and P. J. Steinhardt, Observational evidence for self interacting cold dark matter , Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 , 3760 3763 2000 http arxiv.org abs astro ph 9909386 preprint . ref ref name wand B. D. Wandelt, R. Dave, G. R. Farrar, P. C. McGuire, D. N. Spergel and P. J. Steinhardt, Self Interacting Dark Matter , Marina del Rey 2000, Sources and detection of dark matter and dark energy in the universe, 263 2000 , http arxiv.org abs astro ph 0006344 preprint . ref Self interacting dark matter has also been postulated as an explanation for the DAMA NaI DAMA annual modulation signal. ref name mit S. Mitra, Has DAMA detected self interacting dark matter? , Phys. Rev. D 71 , 121302 2005 http arxiv.org abs astro ph 0409121 preprint . ref Further reading Cite book last Bertone first Gianfranco authorlink coauthors title Particle Dark Matter Particle Dark Matter Observations, Models and Searches publisher Cambridge University Press year 2010 location pages 762 url doi id isbn 13 9780521763684 Cite news url http www.scientificamerican.com article.cfm?id whats the matter title What s the Matter? month May year 2000 first George last Musser publisher Scientific American doi 10.1038 scientificamerican0500 24 References references Category Astroparticle physics Category Dark matter ... more details
Invariance , Int. J. Theor. Phys. 9 , 229 244 1974 http arxiv.org abs hep ph 0105344 preprint ... 6611 1995 http arxiv.org abs hep ph 9505385 preprint . ref ref name flv R. Foot, H. Lew and R. R. Volkas ... abs hep ph 0006027 preprint . ref While in the case of unbroken parity symmetry the masses of particles ... archive test preprint fermilab pub 89 193 a.shtml preprint . ref ref name hodg H. M. Hodges, Mirror ... observed? , Phys. Lett. B 452 , 83 86 1999 http arxiv.org abs astro ph 9902065 preprint . ref ref name ... abs astro ph 9908276 preprint . ref What if mirror matter does exist but has almost zero abundance ... preprint . ref If mirror matter does exist in large abundances in the universe and if it interacts ... 69 , 036001 2004 http arxiv.org abs hep ph 0308254 preprint . ref ref name foot4 R. Foot, Reconciling .... Phys. Lett. A 19 , 1841 1846 2004 http arxiv.org abs astro ph 0405362 preprint . ref Mirror matter ... http arxiv.org abs astro ph 0605369 preprint . ref and there would also be consequences for planetary ... matter from Eros , Astropart. Phys. 19 , 739 753 2003 http arxiv.org abs astro ph 0211067 preprint ...? Acta Phys. Polon. B 32 , 2271 2278 2001 http uk.arxiv.org abs astro ph 0104251 preprint . ref Mirror ... defects , Phys. Rev. D 62 , 083512 2000 http arxiv.org abs hep ph 9908257 preprint . ref Another .... Lett. 96 , 081801 2006 http arxiv.org abs hep ph 0507031 preprint . ref ref name uhecrn2 Z. Berezhiani .... Lett. B 635 , 253 259 2006 http arxiv.org abs hep ph 0602227 preprint . ref ref name uhecrn3 R. N .... Lett. B 627 , 124 130 2005 http arxiv.org abs hep ph 0508109 preprint . ref ref name uhecrn4 Yu ... 639 , 214 217 2006 http arxiv.org abs nucl ex 0601017 preprint . ref Alternate terminology The phrase ... more details
In group theory , a group mathematics group math G math is said to be free by cyclic if it has a free group free normal subgroup math F math such that the quotient group math G F math is cyclic group cyclic . In other words, math G math is free by cyclic if it can be expressed as a group extension of a free group by a cyclic group NB there are two conventions for by . If math F math is a finitely generated group we say that math G math is finitely generated free by cyclic or f.g. free by cyclic . References A. Martino and E. Ventura 2004 , http www.crm.es Publications 04 pr574.pdf The Conjugacy Problem for Free by Cyclic Groups . Preprint from the Centre de Recerca Matem tica, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Category Infinite group theory algebra stub ... more details
italictitle Nature Precedings is an open access publishing open access electronic preprint repository of scholarly work in the fields of biomedical sciences , chemistry , and earth sciences . It is curated and developed by the Nature Publishing Group , publishers of the journal Nature journal Nature and other scientific journal s. Its International Standard Serial Number ISSN is 1756 0357. ref cite web url http www.ulrichsweb.com ulrichsweb Search fullCitation.asp?navPage 1&tab 1&serial uid 665696&issn 17560357 title Nature Precedings date work Ulrich s Periodicals Directory Ulrichsweb publisher accessdate 28 January 2011 ref Description Nature Precedings was started in June 2007 by the Nature Publishing Group under the direction of Timo Hannay, its director for web publishing. The British Library , the European Bioinformatics Institute , Science Commons , and the Wellcome Trust are partners. ref name about http precedings.nature.com about About Nature Precedings , Nature Precedings accessed July 3, 2007 ref Nature Precedings supports the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting OAI PMH, version 2 . ref http network.nature.com groups precedings forum topics 2824 OAI PMH interface for Nature Precedings ref Although content is solely author copyrighted, it can be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , versions 2.5 or 3.0. Documents that are manuscripts, preliminary reports, white papers, or presentations reporting work in the fields of biology , chemistry, earth sciences, or medicine except clinical trial s can be submitted for posting. Physics and mathematics are excluded as they are already covered by the arXiv preprint server. Submissions can be revised after posting, although the original submission remains as such and revisions ... Precedings website. A Nature Precedings preprint is cited like a traditional journal article. However, the preprint s Digital object identifier DOI is used as the document identifier instead of journal ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Image Blue blobs.jpg right 160px thumb Blue blobs are clusters of star s outside galaxies that are possibly formed from gas collisions and subsequent turbulence. On January 2008, the Hubble space telescope detected these clusters among three colliding galaxy galaxies . ref http hubblesite.org newscenter archive releases 2008 02 HubbleSite NewsCenter Hubble Finds that Blue Blobs in Space Are Orphaned Clusters of Stars 01 08 2008 Introduction Bot generated title ref External links http www.space.com scienceastronomy 080108 aas blue blobs.html Article at Space.com http arxiv.org abs 0711.2685 Star formation in the HI bridge between M81 and M82 , preprint by Duilia F. de Mello, et al. References reflist Category Star clusters astronomy stub it Bolle blu pt Bolhas azuis ... more details
In cryptography , a pseudorandom function family , abbreviated PRF , is a collection of efficiently computable Function computer science functions which emulate a random oracle in the following way no efficient algorithm can distinguish with significant Advantage cryptography advantage between a function chosen randomly from the PRF family and a random oracle a function whose outputs are fixed completely at random . Pseudorandom functions are vital tools in the construction of cryptographic primitive s, especially secure encryption encryption schemes . Pseudorandom functions are not to be confused with pseudorandom number generator pseudorandom generators PRGs . The guarantee of a PRG is that a single output appears random if the input was chosen at random. On the other hand, the guarantee of a PRF is that all its outputs appear random, regardless of how the corresponding inputs were chosen, as long as the function was drawn at random from the PRF family. A pseudorandom function family can be constructed from any pseudorandom generator, using, for example, the construction given by Goldreich, Shafi Goldwasser Goldwasser , and Micali. ref Oded Goldreich , Shafi Goldwasser , Silvio Micali 1986 How to Construct Random Functions , Journal of the ACM , vol.33, no.4, p.792 807. doi 10.1145 6490.6503 http theory.lcs.mit.edu cis pubs shafi 1986 jacm.pdf preprint http www.math.weizmann.ac.il oded ggm.html web page and preprint ref See also Pseudorandom permutation References references Category Theory of cryptography Category Cryptographic primitives Category Pseudorandomness he ... more details
Society. http www.aes.org Preprint Number Rye 020 Moorer, James A. Borish, Jeffrey Snell .... http www.aes.org Preprint Number 2243 Moorer, James A. Borish, Jeffrey 1986 . An Optical Disk Recording ... Society. http www.aes.org Preprint Number 2376 Lawrence M. Fisher 1988 . Removing the Static From ... Editing . New York Audio Engineering Society. http www.aes.org Preprint Number 3006 Reichbach, Jonathan ... Issues in Digital Audio Networks . New York Audio Engineering Society. http www.aes.org Preprint ... York Audio Engineering Society. http www.aes.org Preprint Number 4357 TEC Awards TECnology Hall ... Audio Engineering Society. http www.aes.org Preprint Number 4719. wikicite id Moorer1999 reference ... Applications . New York Audio Engineering Society. http www.aes.org Preprint Number 5038. Jacobson ... more details
otheruses2 Bilateral A bilateral filter is an edge preserving and noise reducing smoothing filter. The intensity value at each pixel in an image is replaced by a weighted average of intensity values from nearby pixels. This weight is based off a Gaussian distribution. Crucially the weights depend not only on Euclidean distance but also on the radiometric differences differences in the range, e.g. color intensity . This preserves sharp edges by systematically looping through each pixel and according weights to the adjacent pixels accordingly. Adobe Photoshop implements a bilateral filter in its surface blur tool. See also Gaussian filter Gaussian function Gaussian blur Convolution External links Sylvain Paris, Pierre Kornprobst, Jack Tumblin, Fr do Durand, http dx.doi.org 10.1561 0600000020 Bilateral Filtering Theory and Applications , http people.csail.mit.edu sparis fntcgv preprint Sylvain Paris, Pierre Kornprobst, Jack Tumblin, Fr do Durand, http people.csail.mit.edu sparis bf course A Gentle Introduction to Bilateral Filtering and its Applications , http www.siggraph.org s2008 SIGGRAPH 2008 class Ben Weiss, http www.shellandslate.com download fastmedian 5506.pdf Fast Median and Bilateral Filtering , http www.siggraph.org s2006 SIGGRAPH 2006 preprint Carlo Tomasi, Roberto Manduchi, http www.cse.ucsc.edu manduchi Papers ICCV98.pdf Bilateral Filtering for Gray and Color Images shorter http homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk rbf CVonline LOCAL COPIES MANDUCHI1 Bilateral Filtering.html HTML version , proceedings of the http www.umiacs.umd.edu users lsd iccv ICCV 1998 technology stub Category Non linear filters ar de Bilaterale Filterung ... more details
Active Oberon is an extension of the programming language Oberon programming language Oberon . Compared to its predecessors, Oberon programming language Oberon and Oberon 2 , it adds objects with object centered access protection and local activity control , system guarded assertions, preemptive priority scheduling and a slightly changed syntax for methods aka Oberon 2 Type bound procedures type bound procedures in the Oberon world . Objects may be active , which means that they may be Thread computer science threads or Process computer science processes . The operating system Bluebottle OS A2 aka Bluebottle , especially the kernel, synchronizes and coordinates different active objects. In difference to Java programming language Java or C Sharp programming language C , objects may be synchronized not only with Signal computing signals but directly on condition s. This simplifies the development of concurrent programmes. A fork of Active Oberon is Zonnon . External links & References http bluebottle.ethz.ch languagereport index.html Language Report ftp ftp.inf.ethz.ch pub Oberon System3 Papers aobjects.ps J. Gutknecht Do the Fish Really Need Remote Control? A Proposal for Self Active Objects in Oberon JMLC 97, p. 207 220 preprint, currently unavailable due to server problems, http citeseerx.ist.psu.edu viewdoc download?doi 10.1.1.45.1126&rep rep1&type pdf another version of the preprint and the http www.springerlink.com content f140q74646365065 final publication . http www.ocp.inf.ethz.ch wiki Documentation Front?action download&upname A2QuickStartGuide.pdf A2 Quick Start Guide See Also Bluebottle OS Category Class based programming languages Category Object oriented programming languages Category Procedural programming languages Category Oberon programming language family Category Systems programming languages de Active Oberon ru Active Oberon ... more details
Alcor B is a red dwarf stellar companion to the bright star Alcor in the Ursa Major constellation. The two are components of the Mizar star Mizar Alcor stellar sextuple system . Alcor B was discovered independently by two groups in 2009 a group led by Eric Mamajek ref http www.sciencedaily.com releases 2009 12 091210092005.htm First Known Binary Star is Discovered to be a Triplet, Quadruplet, Quintuplet, Sextuplet System , Science Daily, December 10, 2009 ref ref http arxiv.org abs 0911.5028 Discovery of a Faint Companion to Alcor Using MMT AO 5 mu m Imaging , 2009, arxiv preprint 0911.5028 ref University of Rochester and colleagues at Steward Observatory University of Arizona that used the 6.5 meter telescope at MMT Observatory , and another led by Neil Zimmerman, a graduate student at Columbia University and member of Project 1640, an international collaborative team that includes astrophysicists at the American Museum of Natural History , the University of Cambridge s Institute of Astronomy, the California Institute of Technology , and NASA s Jet Propulsion Laboratory , that used the 5 meter Hale telescope at Palomar Observatory . ref http www.sciencedaily.com releases 2009 12 091210000851.htm Faint Star Orbiting the Big Dipper s Alcor Discovered , Science Daily, December 10, 2009 ref ref http arxiv.org abs 0912.1597 Parallactic Motion for Companion Discovery An M Dwarf Orbiting Alcor , 2009, arxiv preprint 0912.1597 ref . The companion star was unofficially nicknamed Eleonora by the former group ref http www.pas.rochester.edu emamajek index.html Eric Mamajek s home page ref . Alcor A and B are situated 1.2 light years away from, and are co moving with, the Mizar quadruple system, making the system the second known stellar sextuplet only Castor star is closer. ref http content.usatoday.com communities sciencefair post 2009 12 620003286 1 Two Big Dipper constellation stars actually six , USA Today, Dan Vergano, December 11, 2009 ref The Mizar Alcor stellar sextupl ... more details
algebra of mirror symmetry work Preprint year 1994 id arXiv alg geom 9411018 . Citation last Kontsevich ... Preprint year 2000 id arXiv math.SG 0011041 . Citation last Seidel first Paul title Homological mirror symmetry for the quartic surface work Preprint year 2003 id arXiv math.SG 0310414 . Category ... more details
arxiv.org abs 0811.3916 arxiv 0811.3916 Eli Visbal, Abraham Loeb, Stuart Wyithe 2008 preprint , Cosmological ... 0812.0419 Vernon Barger, Yu Gao, Yi Mao, Danny Marfatia, 2008 preprint , Inflationary Potential from 21 cm Tomography and Planck , http arxiv.org abs 0810.3337 arxiv 0810.3337 Y Mao 2008 preprint ... more details
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