, rye, oats, corn Lipid s at the surface of the stigma stimulate pollentube growth for compatible pollen. Plants that are self sterile inhibit the pollen grains from their own flowers from growing pollen tubes. The presence of multiple grains of pollen has been observed to stimulate quicker pollentube growth in some plants. The number of pollen grains needed for pollination syngamy is equivalent ... by taste. The trace mineral boron is vital to pollentube growth. While too much boron is toxic, a complete lack of boron in the soil can cause a crop failure . Pollen tubes were first discovered ... jp.com himitunohanazono ebine himitu 1.htm Images Pollen tetrad and Pollentube Calanthe discolor ... es Tubo pol nico it Tubo pollinico pl agiewka py kowa simple Pollentube fi Siiteputki ...File Fruchtknoten Polygonum Strasburger 1900 new.png thumb Diagram of a plant ovary. Pollen tubes are marked with ps . The pollentube of most seed plants acts as a conduit to transport sperm cells from the pollen grain , either from the stigma in flowering plants or angiosperms to the ovules at the base of the pistil , or directly through ovule tissue in some gymnosperms conifers and gnetophytes . In other gymnosperms Ginkgo and cycads the pollentube is involved only in nutrient uptake from ovule tissue by the pollen grain, and does not convey sperm cells to the egg. Like ferns, other basal land plants, and many algae, these gymnosperms have flagellate sperm, which swim through a watery fluid to fertilize the egg cells. In angiosperms the pollentube germinates from the pollen grain and grows the entire length through the stigma botany stigma , style botany style , ovary botany ovary and ovules to reach the eggs. In maize , this single cell can grow longer than 12 inches to traverse the length of the pistil. The sperm cells by themselves are not motile and are carried within the tube. As the tip of the tube reaches a synergid, it bursts and releases two sperm cells leading to a double ... more details
two nuclei a tube nucleus that produces the pollentube and a generative nucleus that divides to form .... The pollentube passes through the wall by way of structures called apertures. ref http www.geo.arizona.edu ... the micropyle . A pollentube is produced, which grows into the nucellus to provide nutrients ... by the pollentube, while those of Cycad ophyta and Ginkgophyta have many flagella. When ... forth a pollentube which grows down the tissue of the style to the ovary plants ovary , and makes ... in the tip of the pollentube. Pollen as a carrier of ecological information in plants A Russian ...File Tulip Stamen Tip.jpg thumb Tip of a tulip stamen with many grains of pollen Image Cactus flower ... right 250px Scanning electron microscope image of pollen grains from a variety of common plants sunflower ... . File Apis mellifera flying.jpg thumb Apis mellifera European honey bee carrying pollen in a pollen basket back to the hive Image Bees Collecting Pollen 2004 08 14.jpg thumb 250px Pollen sticking to a bee. Insects involuntarily transporting pollen from flower to flower play an important role in many ... fly sitting on a grey haired rockrose, its face and legs covered in pollen. Pollen is a fine to coarse ... the male gamete s sperm cells . Pollen grains have a hard coat that protects the sperm cells during ... the male Conifer cone cone to the female cone of Pinophyta coniferous plants . When pollen lands on a compatible pistil of flowering plants, it germinate s and produces a pollentube that transfers the sperm to the ovule of a receptive ovary. The individual pollen grains are small enough to require magnification to see detail. The structure and formation of pollen Redirect from microsporogenesis goes to this section, so don t change title without changing the redirect Pollen itself is not the male ... 3 pages 95 ref Each pollen grain contains vegetative non reproductive cells only a single cell in most ..., and a resistant outer wall composed largely of sporopollenin called the exine. Pollen is produced ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Refimprove date December 2009 Image pollen core sampling.jpg right thumbnail 200px Pollen cores being taken at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. A pollen core is a core sample of a medium containing a stratigraphy stratigraphic sequence of pollen . Analysis of the type and frequency of the pollen in each layer is used to study changes in climate or land use using regional vegetation as a proxy. This analysis is conceptually comparable to the study of ice core s. Methods Cores are obtained from deposits where pollen is likely to have been trapped. Cores are generally obtained from Lake lacustrine sediments and peat bog s although soil sediments may also be obtained. Degradation of the pollen exine and bioturbation may reduce the quality of the pollen grains and stratigraphy of the core so researchers frequently select locations where the sediments are under Hypoxia environmental anaerobic conditions. The cores are then subjected to pollen analysis by palynologist s who are able to infer the proportions of major plant types from the concentrations of different pollen types found in the cores. Coring Equipment There are a number of tools used for coring, often with specialized uses Core Samplers Glew Corer A gravity corer used for lake surface sediments to capture the water sediment interface. Similar to the Kajak Brinkhurst sampler. Brown Corer Frozen Finger A tube is placed into the sediment and then filled with liquid nitrogen causing the sediment around the tube to freeze solid, preserving fine scale structure. Livingstone Piston Corer A long metal tube with a piston at the lower end. Once the core tube is at the desired depth the piston is released and the barrel can be pushed downwards into the sediment. Generally used for lake sediments. Russian A chamber corer used to sample peat s. Grab Samplers Ekman Grab Sampler Petersen Grab Ponar Grab DEFAULTSORT Pollen Core Category Pollination Category Palynology it Carota di polline vi M u l i ph n ... more details
File Apis mellifera flying.jpg thumb A European honey bee carries pollen in the pollen basket back to the hive The pollen basket or corbicula is part of the Arthropod leg Hexapoda tibia on the hind legs of the four related lineages of apidae apid bees that used to comprise the family Apidae the honey bee s, bombus bumblebees , stingless bee s, and euglossini orchid bees . The corbicula little basket is a polished concavity surrounded by a fringe of hairs, into which the pollen is placed most other bees possess a structure called the scopa biology scopa , which is similar in function, but is a dense mass of branched hairs into which pollen is pressed, with pollen grains held in place in the narrow spaces between the hairs. A honey bee moistens the forelegs with a protruding tongue and brushes the pollen that has collected on head, body and forward appendages to the hind legs. The pollen is transferred to the pollen comb on the hind legs and then combed, pressed, compacted, and transferred to the corbicula on the outside surface of the tibia of the hind legs. A single hair functions as a pin that secures the middle of the pollen load. Honey and or nectar is used to moisten the dry pollen. The mixing of the pollen with nectar or honey changes the color of the pollen. The color of the pollen can identify the pollen source . File Apis mellifera Tanzania.jpg thumb right 250px The pollen basket is part of the Arthropod leg Hexapoda tibia on the hind legs. Image Bombus milkweed corbicula 57061923c.JPG thumb 250px Bumblebee on milkweed with pollen basket on hind leg Apparently, Karl von Frisch and other bee researchers have observed, individual honey bees vary in their efficiency in packing pollen into the pollen basket, some more efficient others less it takes an individual worker bee from three to eighteen minutes to complete a pollen load and return to the hive. See also Pollen source Nectar source Western honey bee References Dorothy Hodges, The Pollen Loads of the Honeybee ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 A pollen presenter is an area on the tip of the pistil in flowers of plants of the family Proteaceae . In this family, the anthers are difficult of access for potential pollination vectors such as bees, birds and nectariferous mammals. To ensure pollination, anthers release their pollen onto the pollen presenter prior to anthesis . After anthesis, the style sticks out prominently, ensuring the distribution of pollin. The systematic depositing of pollen on the tip of the style means the plants must have some strategy to avoid excessive self pollination. DEFAULTSORT Pollen Presenter Category Plant anatomy Category Flowers Category Proteaceae Pollen presenter Botany stub fr Pr sentoir pollen ... more details
The Pollen Baronetcy , of Redenham in the County of Southampton, is a title in the Baronetage of Great Britain . It was created on 15 May 1795 for John Pollen. The family descended from Edward Pollen d. 1636 , a London merchant originally of Lincolnshire . His son, John Pollen I, grandson, John Pollen c. 1642 1719 John Pollen II c. 1642 by Nov 1719 , and great grandson, John Pollen c. 1702 1775 John Pollen III c. 1702 1775 , all represented Andover UK Parliament constituency Andover in the British ... unproven.htm link. Pollen Baronets, of Redenham 1795 Sir John Pollen, 1st Baronet c. 1731 1814 , Sir John Pollen, 2nd Baronet Sir John Walter Pollen, 2nd Baronet 1784 1863 , succeeded by nephew ... Pollen, 3rd Baronet 1815 1881 , whose younger brother John Hungerford Pollen senior John Hungerford Pollen was ancestor of the 7th Baronet, below. Sir Richard Hungerford Pollen, 4th Baronet 1846 1918 Sir Richard Pollen, 5th Baronet 1878 1930 Sir John Lancelot Hungerford Pollen, 6th Baronet 1884 1959 Sir John Michael Hungerford Pollen, 7th Baronet 1919 2003 ref He was only son of Lt Cdr John Francis Hungerford Pollen, RN, eldest son of Capt Francis Gabriel Hungerford Pollen, CBE, RN 1862 fl 1908 , 4th son of John Hungerford Pollen senior John Hungerford Pollen , younger brother of the 3rd ... 58aced451c3a65e1 Sir John Michael Hungerford Pollen 1919 2003 Peerage News. Retrieved 8 August 2009. ref , succeeded by only son Sir Richard John Hungerford Pollen, 8th Baronet b. 1946 Descendants John Hungerford Pollen senior 1820 1902 , Catholic convert and father of ten children including eight sons John Hungerford Pollen Jesuit 1858 1925 , eldest son of above his next brother s grandson became 7th Baronet . Arthur Pollen 1866 1937 inventor, 6th son of the first John Hungerford Pollen Clare Asquith b. 1951 , scholar, great granddaughter of above Arabella Rosalind Hungerford Pollen Arabella Pollen b. 1961 knitwear designer, now novelist, granddaughter of Sir Walter Michael Hungerford ... more details
Pollen count is the measurement of the number of grains of pollen in a cubic meter of air . The higher the number, the more people will suffer if they are allergic to a particular pollen . Usually, the counts are announced for specific plants such as grass, ash or olive. These are tailored to what is usually a common plant in the area being measured. One method of taking the sample uses a silicone grease covered rod that is rotated in the air to collect the pollen. The rod is rotated periodically during the collection period to gather samples through an entire 24 hour day. The rod is then removed and taken to a lab where the collected material is analyzed for the type of pollen and its concentration. External links http www.pollen.com Daily pollen reports in the US http uk.weather.com activities health allergies Daily pollen reports in the UK Category Air pollution ecology stub climate stub no Pollenvarsel sv Pollenr kning ... more details
Geir Pollen born 1953 is a Norwegian poet, novelist and translator. His literary debut was the poetry collection Posteringar i spr ket from 1982. He was leader of the Norwegian Authors Union from 2001 to 2005. ref name snl cite encyclopedia title Geir Pollen first ystein last Rottem authorlink ystein Rottem encyclopedia Store norske leksikon publisher Kunnskapsforlaget location Oslo url http www.snl.no Geir Pollen language Norwegian accessdate 7 March 2010 ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Pollen, Geir Category 1953 births Category People from Troms Category Norwegian novelists Category Norwegian poets Category Norwegian translators Category Living people norway writer stub no Geir Pollen nn Geir Pollen ... more details
Pollen Island is one of two islands contained within the Motu Manawa Pollen Island Marine Reserve , which is a protected area in the Waitemata Harbour in New Zealand . The other island is Traherne Island . The convert 500 ha sqmi marine reserve was established in 1995. See also List of marine reserves of New Zealand References Reflist External links http www.doc.govt.nz conservation marine and coastal marine protected areas marine reserves a z motu manawa pollen island Motu Manawa Pollen Island Marine Reserve and http www.doc.govt.nz upload documents conservation marine and coastal marine protected areas Pollen 20Island 20Marine 20Reserve 201 20April 202006 20ON 20SREEN 20COMPOSITE.pdf fact sheet at the Department of Conservation New Zealand Department of Conservation http www.forestandbird.org.nz what we do branches central auckland pollen island motu manawa marine reserve Motu Manawa Pollen Island Marine Reserve at Forest and Bird coord 36.862385 174.669488 display title Category Marine reserves of New Zealand Category Auckland Region Category Protected areas established in 1995 NewZealand stub ... more details
Forensic science A pollen calendar is used to show the peak pollen times for different types of plant pollens which cause allergic reaction s in certain people. ref http www.foodallergens.info Facts Pollen&Food Calendar.html Food Allergens website . Accessed February 22, 2010. ref ref http www.hon.ch Library Theme Allergy Glossary calendar.html Health on the Net Foundation HON ref ref http www.pollenuk.co.uk aero pm calendar.html National Pollen and Aerobiology Research Unit of the UK ref In forensics A pollen calendar can be a very useul tool in forensic science , because it can be used to place the month, or week, or date of death . ref E. Montali, A. Mercuri, G. Trevisan Grandi, C. Accorsi, Towards a crime pollen calendar Pollen analysis on corpses throughout one year , Forensic Science International , Volume 163, Issue 3, Pages 211 223, abstract found at http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0379073805006249 Elsevier website . Accessed February 22, 2010. ref ref Ray Palmer, THE FORENSIC EXAMINATION OF FIBRES A Review 2004 to 2007, Interpol paper, p. 80, found at http www.interpol.int .... ref The use of pollen for criminal investigation purposes is called Forensic palynology . ref D.C. ... pollen calendar Pollen analysis on corpses throughout one year ref However, the use of a pollen calendar ... pollen based evidence , but these appear to be of limited use in the forensic context where outcomes ... References reflist External links http www.pollen.com allergy weather forecast.asp United States Pollen calendars http www.worcester.ac.uk businessandresearch specialist 14511.html National Pollen and Aerobiology Research Unit Pollen calendar for the UK created by the University of Worcester http www.allergy.org.nz about allergies pollen allergy.html New Zealand allergy pages and http www.allergy.org.nz site allergynz files Annual 20Pollen 20Calendar.pdf New Zealand Pollen Calendar printable PDF http www.dar.csiro.au airwatch docs PollenCalendar.pdf Australia Pollen Calendar printable PDF med ... more details
A physical obstacle that hinders the movement of pollen from a field of Genetic engineering genetically modified GM crops to neighbouring non GM crops is called a pollen barrier . Such barriers are erected with the aim of reducing the out crossing of GM plants. In the European Union they may, for example, help keep the GM content of neighbouring non GM fields below the threshold of 0.9 percent allowing conventional farmers to sell their harvest as non GM products. Design of pollen barriers Pollen barriers can be made of any species of hedge, tree or tall plantings which physically limit pollen movement. However, the most efficient pollen barriers are made of non GM crops of the same species as the GM cultivation. This kind of pollen barrier is often called a buffer strip or buffer zone , and is not only a physical hurdle but also obstructs GM pollen by producing its own competitive, GM free pollen which also may fertilise the neighbouring GM free fields. Consequently, however, crops in the buffer zone, although originally non GM plants, also catch a lot of GM pollen, produce a lot of GM fruit and are considered a GM crop when harvested. Pollen barriers versus isolation distances According to recent research, a buffer zone is more efficient than Isolation distance for genetically modified plants isolation distances . A few rows of non GM crops are equivalent to several metres of isolation distance. Detailed recommendations, however, exist only for maize at this time. Since co existence has become a major topic in European agriculture, several research programmes including Co Extra and SIGMEA have emerged to investigate pollen barriers as a tool for the Co existence of genetically ... with large average sizes. Due partly to the longer average distances required for pollen travel, no specific ... and result in a higher admixture of GM and non GM crops through pollen movement. Due to the limited space available on small fields, isolation distances may be inapplicable for co existence. Pollen ... more details
Pollen Ndlanya born 22 May 1970 is a retired South Africa n football player. He played for Kaizer Chiefs , Manning Rangers , Bursaspor , G ztepe A. . G ztepe , ref cite web publisher Turkish Football Federation TFF title POLLEN DUM SAN NDHLANYA url http www.tff.org Default.aspx?pageId 526&kisiId 28197 accessdate 2009 06 09 ref AmaZulu F.C. South Africa AmaZulu F.C. and Orlando Pirates . He played for South Africa national football team at the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup . ref FIFA player 157443 Potter Ndlanya ref References reflist External links http www.phbmarketing.co.za index files Page510.htm Pollen Ndlanya biography South Africa Squad 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup South Africa Squad 1998 Africa Cup of Nations South Africa Squad 2000 Africa Cup of Nations Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Ndlanya, Pollen ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 22 May 1970 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Ndlanya, Pollen Category 1970 births Category Living people Category South African association football players Category 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup players Category 1998 African Cup of Nations players Category Bursaspor footballers Category G ztepe footballers SouthAfrica footy bio stub ... more details
Taxobox name Pollen s Vanga image status NT status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Bird Aves ordo Passeriformes familia Vangidae genus Xenopirostris species X. polleni binomial Xenopirostris polleni binomial authority Hermann Schlegel Schlegel , 1868 synonyms The Pollen s Vanga Xenopirostris polleni is a species of bird in the Vangidae family. It is Endemism endemic to Madagascar . Its natural habitat s are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest s and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest s. It is threatened by habitat loss . References BirdLife International 2004. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 23119 all Xenopirostris polleni . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 27 July 2007. Vangas Category Xenopirostris Category Birds of Madagascar passeri stub fr Vanga de Pollen ... more details
The Pollen Room German language German Das Bl tenstaubzimmer is the debut novel by Switzerland Swiss author Zo Jenny . Published in 1997, the book was a literary and commercial success in Switzerland and across Europe. The novel was published in Germany by Frankfurter Verlagsanstalt, with an advance of less than 10,000 Deutsche Mark marks . After publication, the novel reached 2 on Switzerland s best sellers list and won several literary prizes in Austria and Germany . The Pollen Room contains some autobiographical elements. In the novel, Jo s parents separate when she is a child, and she lives with her father a publisher until she decides to search for her mother. References Cowell, Alan. http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 9405E4DB133CF932A25753C1A961958260 A First Novel s Ambiguities Tantalize the Swiss Literati , The New York Times , October 11, 1997. Retrieved October 22, 2007. DEFAULTSORT Pollen Room Category 1997 novels Category Swiss novels 1990s novel stub ... more details
Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Pollen title orig translator image prefer 1st edition image caption author Jeff Noon illustrator cover artist Joe Magee country Great Britain language English language English series Vurt series genre Science fiction publisher Ringpull publisher Ringpull release date 1995 english release date media type Print Paperback pages 327 pp isbn 1 85702 398 6 preceded by Vurt followed by Automated Alice Pollen is a 1995 science fiction novel written by United Kingdom British author Jeff Noon . Plot summary Pollen is the sequel to Vurt and concerns the ongoing struggle between the real world and the virtual world. When concerning the virtual world, some references to Greek mythology are noticeable, including Persephone and Demeter , the river Styx and Charon mythology Charon , and Hades portrayed by the character John Barleycorn . References reflist External links isfdb title id 3025 title Pollen Category Novels by Jeff Noon Category 1995 novels Category 1990s science fiction novels Category British science fiction novels 1990s sf novel stub ... more details
Analysis of the distribution of pollen grains of various species contained in surface layer deposits, especially peat bog s and lake sediment s, from which a record of Paleoclimatology past climate may be inferred. Because the lake sediments accumulate over time, a core of the mud will show that the mud at the bottom will be the oldest and the mud at the top will be the newest. By separating the samples of the core, we can get a record of how the vegetation around that site has changed. This has shown us that the area around the Great Lakes was tundra 11,000 years ago. For more details, please see the Palynology entry. History Modern pollen analysis dates back to Lennart von Post when he presented a paper on fossil pollen grains in Sweden Swedish bogs to the 1916 Scandinavian Scientist Conference in Oslo ref von Post, L 1918 Skogstr dpollen i sydsvenska torvmosslagerf ljder , Forhandlinger ved de Skandinaviske naturforskeres 16. m te i Kristiania 1916 p. 433 ref . The paper was repeated in the same year in Stockholm but was not fully published until 1918. Antecedents of this work can be traced in the writings of scientists such as Fr h 1885 ref Fr h, J 1885 Kritische Beitr ge zur Kenntnis des Torfes , Jahrb.k.k.Geol.Reichsanstalt 35 ref , who enumerated most of the common tree pollen types, together with a considerable number of spore s and herb pollen grains. In a study of bottom samples from Swedish lakes by Trybom 1888 , ref Trybom, F 1888 Bottenprof fran svenska insj ar , Geol.Foren.Forhandl.10 ref Pinus Pine and Picea Spruce pollen was found in such profusion that he considered them to be serviceable as index fossils . Georg F.L. Sarauw studies fossil pollen of middle Pleistocene age Cromerian from the harbour of Copenhagen ref cite journal last Sarauw first G. F. L ... to undertake percentage frequency calculations. Pollen analysis was refined and developed by Johannes .... 1989 Textbook of pollen analysis . 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. 328 p. ref Pollen analysis ... more details
Arthur Joseph Hungerford Pollen 13 September 1866 &ndash 28 January 1937 was a writer on naval affairs ... computer called at the time the Argo Clock . Early life Pollen was born on 13 September 1866, the sixth son and eighth child of eight sons and two daughters born to John Hungerford Pollen senior John Hungerford Pollen and Maria Margaret Pollen. His father being a leading convert to Catholicism along ... Lawrence Pollen 1899 1968 who married 1926 Hon. Daphne Baring, a daughter of Baron Revelstoke ... Pollen. ref In 1898 Pollen was made the managing director of Linotype, which he ran successfully for the next decade. Fire control Through a relative, Commander William Goodenough , Pollen saw a naval ... a mile the big guns could not reliably hit their targets. ref Pollen Gunnery p.23 ref On the board ... source of the suggested analogue computer. ref Pollen Gunnery p.35 ref However first accurate data is needed of the targets position and relative motion. Pollen developed a plotting unit or plotter ... correction. ref Pollen Gunnery p.36 ref Pollen utilised the resources of Linotype for his work, specifically ... Pollen set up in 1909 the Argo Company, and in 1911 took a holding in the firm of Thomas Cooke & Sons of York , who had been manufacturing components for his equipment. Early on Pollen was encouraged ..., he met for the second time a promising gunnery lieutenant, Frederic Dreyer . The nature of Pollen ... with responsibility for fire control he was invited to view Pollen s Linotype works at Broadheath, Greater Manchester Broadheath , near Altrincham . Pollen had had a long relationship with Dreyer s predecessor, Lieutenant Harding. Pollen continued his work, with tests carried out on Royal Navy ... a single rangefinder to take both ranges and bearings. ref Pollen Aim Correction System. Part I. Technical ... to Pollen s work and 30,000 compensation was paid to Pollen in 1926 based on a theoretical number of his .... Pollen s supporters have argued that the poor performance at the Battle of Jutland ref Pollen Gunnery ... more details
Infobox Musical artist Name Pollen Background group or band Alias Origin Tempe, Arizona Tempe , Arizona , United States U.S. br Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , United States U.S. Genre Power pop br Indie rock Years active 1993 in music 1993 &ndash 2001 in music 2001 Label Fueled By Ramen URL http www.theataris.com Past members Dan Hargest Vocals br Kevin Scanlon Guitar br Chris Serafini Bass br Mike Bennett Guitar br Bob Hoag Drums Associated acts The Go Reflex Pollen was a power pop band originally hailing from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . They released four albums over their eight years. Band members Dan Hargest, Vocals Kevin Scanlon, Guitar Chris Serafini, Bass Mike Bennett, Guitar Bob Hoag , Drums Discography Albums class wikitable style text align center Album Record Label Release Date Bluette Grass Records 1994 Crescent Grass Records 1995 Peach Tree Grass Records 1997 Chip Fueled By Ramen 2000 External links http www.phoenixnewtimes.com 2001 04 19 music group efforts Group Efforts from the Phoenix Unofficial Sites http www.myspace.com pollenrocks A Pollen Fan Site DEFAULTSORT Pollen Category American indie rock groups Category American power pop musical groups pt Pollen ... more details
Taxobox name Pollen wasps image Pseudomvespoides.jpg image width 250px image caption Pseudomasaris vespoides regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Hymenoptera subordo Apocrita superfamilia Vespoidea familia Vespidae subfamilia Masarinae subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Gayellini br Gayella animal Gayella Paramasaris Masarini br Priscomasarina Priscomasaris Paragiina Metaparagia Paragia Masarina Celonites Ceramiopsis Ceramius Jugurtia Masarina Masaris Pseudomasaris Quartinia Trimeria Pollen wasps are unusual wasps that are typically treated as a subfamily of Vespidae , but have in the past sometimes been recognized as a separate family, Masaridae , which also included the subfamily Euparagiinae . It is a small subfamily, unique among wasps in feeding their larva e exclusively with pollen and nectar , in a fashion quite similar to many solitary bees . Most species are black or brown, marked with strikingly contrasting patterns of yellow, white, or red or combinations thereof . They are most diverse and abundant in the desert regions of southern Africa , but also occur in the deserts of North America North and South America . Some species of Pseudomasaris in California , such as Pseudomasaris vespoides , bear a remarkable resemblance to yellowjacket s, but can be recognized by their strongly clubbed antennae, a characteristic feature of the subfamily. Males have the antennae greatly elongated, but still ending in a strong club. They carry pollen in their Crop anatomy crop , and regurgitate it along with nectar when provisioning the cells of their nests, and they lay their eggs in the soupy mass before sealing the cell. The nests are often constructed out of mud and water, or burrows in the ground, and these can have one to multiple individual cells. The nests ... History , London, England, 302 pp. Gess, S.K. 1996. The Pollen Wasps Ecology and Natural History ... gallery Image Pseudomcoquill.jpg Pseudomasaris coquilletti gallery DEFAULTSORT Pollen Wasp Category ... more details
Infobox Officeholder honorific prefix small The Honourable small br name Daniel Pollen order 9 sup th sup Prime Minister of New Zealand Premier of New Zealand monarch Queen Victoria governor George Phipps, 2nd Marquess of Normanby George Phipps image Daniel Pollen, ca 1873.jpg term start 6 July 1875 term end 15 February 1876 predecessor Julius Vogel successor Julius Vogel birth date birth date 1813 6 2 df y birth place Ringsend , Dublin , Ireland death date death date and age 1896 5 18 1813 6 2 df y death place spouse party None constituency Legislative Council member religion Daniel Pollen 2 June 1813 18 May 1896 was the son of Elizabeth Married and maiden names n e O Neill and Hugh Pollen and became the List of Prime Ministers of New Zealand ninth Prime Minister of New Zealand Premier of New Zealand , serving from 6 July 1875 to 15 February 1876. ref name Te Ara Pollen cite book title An Encyclopaedia ... Te Manat Taonga url http www.teara.govt.nz en 1966 pollen daniel 1 editor A. H. McLintock accessdate 20 January 2011 chapter POLLEN, Daniel 1813 96 date updated 22 Apr 09 ref Early life Pollen ... Pollen spent several years on Kawau, during which time he began to contribute articles to the New ... Act 1852 became law, Pollen was made chief clerk in the Auckland Superintendent s office. From ... again. ref name Te Ara Pollen sfn Scholefield 1950 pp 33, 83 In 1870, Daniel Pollen held ... various ministries. sfn Scholefield 1950 pp 35 36 He became Premier on 6 July 1875 and led the Pollen Ministry, 1875 76 Pollen Ministry until 15 February 1876. sfn Scholefield 1950 p 35 After he left ... Vogel years 1876 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Pollen, Daniel ALTERNATIVE ... 18 May 1896 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Pollen, Daniel Category Prime Ministers of New Zealand ... Zealand Legislative Council Category New Zealand public servants de Daniel Pollen pl Daniel Pollen ru , fi Daniel Pollen ... more details
The term pollen source is often used in the context of beekeeping and refers to flowering plants as a source of pollen for bees or other insects. Bees collect pollen as a protein source to raise their brood ... distributes its pollen. Few flowering plants self pollination self pollinate some can provide their own pollen self fertile , but require a pollinator to move the pollen others are dependent on cross pollination from a genetically different source of viable pollen, through the activity ... below is mainly about the pollen source from a beekeeping perspective. The pollen source ... will bloom and produce pollen is a calculation of the growing degree days. Image Bee taking off.jpg thumb 350pix Bee collecting pollen The color of pollen below indicates the color as it appears when the pollen arrives at the beehive. Bees mix dry pollen with nectar and or honey to compact the pollen in the pollen basket . Dry pollen, is a food source for bees, which contains 16 30 protein, 1 10 ... bee from larval to adult stage requires approximately 120 to 145 mg of pollen. An average bee colony will collect about 20 to 57 kg 44 to 125 pounds of pollen a year. ref http www.nhb.org download research rvalue.pdf THE R VALUES OF HONEY POLLEN COEFFICIENT accessed Feb 2005 ref ref Reiter ... POLLEN , THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, VOL. XLVII JULY, 1947 No. 4, Camden, N. J. ref Image Plumpollen0060.jpg left thumb 300px Bee on plum tree with pollen Spring Trees and shrubs Spring class wikitable sortable Common name Latin name Blooming months Pollen color Availability Source for honeybees Maple ... Feb style background F0DC82 light brown to brown pollen not considered a good pollen source but bees ... good Pictures Image Ucan ari1.jpg left thumb floating 300px Flying honeybee with red pollen in pollen ... squill pollen in pollen basket Image may red chestnut2.JPG left thumb floating 300px Honeybees in May with red likely Chestnut pollen in pollen basket Image Bee on dandelion.JPG right thumb floating ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2008 Image Helianthus annuus pollen 1.jpg thumb right Helianthus annuus pollenPollen zones are a system of subdividing the last glacial period and Holocene paleoclimate using the data from pollen core s. The sequence provides a global chronological structure to a wide variety of scientists, such as geology geologists , climatology climatologisist s, geography geographists and archaeologist s, who study the physical and cultural environment of the last 15,000 years. History The palynological aspects of the system were first investigated extensively by the Sweden Swedish palynology palynologist Lennart von Post in the years before the World War I First World War . By analysing pollen in core sample s taken from peat bogs, von Post noticed that different plant species were represented in bands through the cores. The differing species and differing quantities of the same species are caused by changes in climate. Von Post was able to confirm the Blytt Sernander climatic sequence showing fluctuations between warmer and colder periods across thousands of years. He used local peat sequences combined with varve dating to produce a regional climatic chronology for Scandinavia . In 1940 Harry Godwin began applying von Post s methods to pollen cores from the British Isles to produce the wider European sequence accepted today. It basically expanded the Blytt Sernander further into the late Pleistocene and refined some of its periods. Following the World War II ... it all the more. Notes on the sequence table At present nine main pollen zones, I IX, are defined ... for the ones listed. In contrast to glacial periods, these pollen zones are being used to apply ... of Antarctica , which has no pollen of its own. A few scientists disapprove of such uses. Sequence table table border 1 cellpadding 2 caption European Pollen Zones caption tr th Zone th th Biostratigraphic ... hannover.de nhdfrvdp vdpost.htm Wansleben Salt Lake DEFAULTSORT Pollen Zone Category Archaeological ... more details
The Tube may refer to The London Underground The Tube , slang for Television , from the term cathode ray tube The Tube 2003 TV series , an ITV Sky programme featuring the work of staff on the London Underground The Tube TV series , a former Channel 4 UK music programme The Tube radio series , a Channel 4 Radio series The Tube Music Network , a US defunct music video channel The Port Authority Trans Hudson railroad linking New Jersey and New York, USA At least by older folks, see the References at the PATH article The series of tubes analogy, by Ted Stevens The Tube , a 1996 song by Ti sto KTBU , known as 55 The Tube disambig ... more details
Wiktionary Tube , or Tubes , may refer to Construction Tube structure , the predominant structural system for constructing tall buildings in the United States between World War II and the 1990s Tube fluid conveyance , used in plumbing, irrigation, and other applications Electronics Vacuum tube , a component of electronics Cathode ray tube also called picture tube , a common component of electronics such as televisions and other displays Tube BBC Micro , an expansion bus on the BBC Micro computer Food Yoplait Tubes, the name for Go Gurt portable yog o urt in every country except America and the United Kingdom Geometry A hollow cylinder geometry Mechanics Pneumatic tube , a method of transportation utilising compressed air Inner tube, a Tire Inner tube component of vehicular tires Media The Tube TV series , a music related TV series by Channel 4 in the United Kingdom Tube band , a Japanese pop group Tube film , a 2003 Korean film Tube game , a freeware game from Bullfrog Productions Tube & Berger , the alias of dance electronica producers Arndt R rig and Marco Vidovic from Germany YouTube ... tube Picture tube , a term used by the software package Paint Shop Pro for a small digital image with no background used on web pages a colloquial term for television The Tube Music Network , a music ..., popular in the 1970s and 1980s Nature Eustachian tube , part of the structure of the ear Lava tube , found in volcanic regions The inside of a hollow wave in surfing Packaging Tube container , a packaging solution for pasty and viscous goods such as toothpaste Photography Extension tube , a tool for macro ... tube , a piece of laboratory equipment Transportation London Underground , London s subterranean train system, commonly known as the tube Transbay Tube , an underwater rail tube across San Francisco Bay See also Tubes The Tube Microtube Nanotube disambiguation Pipe material Pipe Tub disambiguation root word Tubing disambiguation Disambig ca Tub da R r de Tube es Tubo fr Tube it Tube he nl Tube ... more details
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