codes. Usage The purpose of using plaintext today is primarily a lowest common denominator independence ... . Plaintext files can be opened, read, and edited with most text editor s. Examples include Notepad Windows Notepad Microsoft Windows Windows , MS DOS Editor edit DOS , ed text editor ed , emacs , vi , vim , Gedit or nano text editor nano Unix , Linux , SimpleText Mac OS , or TextEdit Mac OS X . Other computer programs are also capable of reading and importing plaintext. It can also be used by simple computer tools such as line printing text commands like code type command type ... like web browsers, i.e. Lynx web browser Lynx and the Line Mode Browser . Plaintext files ... is almost always a plaintext file. Plaintext is also commonly used for configuration files , which are read for saved settings at the startup of a program. Plaintext is the original and ever ... plaintext copy as well, for compatibility reasons. Encoding Character encodings main Character encoding Text was once commonly encoded in ASCII , using 8 bit s for one letter or other character ..., and are therefore plaintext. Control codes main Newline The ASCII codes before code SPACE code ... Category Computer file formats cs ist text de Plaintext fa fr Fichier texte id Berkas ...two other uses the cryptography meaning Plaintext Text disambiguation Unreferenced date June 2007 Image Plain text.png thumb right 350px Text file, displayed by the command code cat code in an xterm window In computing , plaintext is the contents of an ordinary sequential file readable as textual material without much processing, usually opposed to formatted text . The Character encoding encoding ... Unicode was defined, which currently allows for 1,114,112 code values used for any modern text ... for Chinese, Hebrew, and Cyrillic as well as Latin. Some of these text formats may be quite complicated ... context Cleartext usually refers to lack of protection from eavesdropping E text MIME ... more details
wiktionarypar textText may refer to Text literary theory , a concept in literary theory Text song Text song , a 2010 song by Mann featuring Jason Der lo TEXT , a Swedish band formed by 3 4 ex Refused Members TEXT record label TEXT , the independent record label of electronica artist Four Tet Textbook , a standardized instructional book Text display , an electronic alphanumeric display device Text file , a computer file consisting solely of printable characters from a recognized character set Text messaging , the sending of short messages by mobile phone Text segment, another name for the code segment of a binary executable computer file A particular Bible passage, sometimes a single Chapters and verses of the Bible Verses verse or verse fragment Another name for a Literature literary work The representation of written language TxT film TxT , a 2006 Filipino horror film . See also Enriched text Formatted textPlaintext disambig ko is Texti it Testo disambigua pl Tekst ru simple Text sl Besedilo sv Text tr Metin anlam ayr m ... more details
otheruses Text disambiguation TEXT is the band founded by Kristofer Steen , David Sandstr m , Fredrik B ckstr m and Jon F Br nnstr m. All, except B ckstr m, were ex members of hardcore band Refused . Stylistically, they have little in common with Refused apart from this fact. Their debut album, TEXT Self Titled Text , is a mix of spoken word, music of various styles, and ambient sound effects, often producing an ethereal, avant garde sound. Apart from the three Tableau tracks which are one piece, split up across the album , each track could be described as fitting into a different genre. In 2008, a second album, Vital Signs, was released. Yet again the style of music is far from Refused and the first Text album. Only Fredrik B ckstr m and Jon F Br nnstr m appear on this album. The record came out on Demonbox Recordings in Sweden and Buddyhead in American and the rest of the world. TextText was Buddyhead 4 and considered a building block in what is now a very successfully diverse indie boutique label run by music journalist Travis Keller . Text announced a US tour the year after the record was released on Buddyhead but due to conflicts with International Noise Conspiracy tours, it was canceled. Discography TEXT Self Titled 1. Requiem for Ernst Hugo 1928 1998 1 09 Recording Info Vocals David Sandstr m, Martin Eirell and Fredrik B ckstr m Recorded on September 7, 1998 and mixed in June 1999 at Second Home by Fredrik B ckstr m, Henrik Oja, David Sandstr m and Kristoffer Steen, Recorded and mixed June 1999 at Second Home, Mastered at Tonteknik by Henrik Oja, Pelle Henricsson and Eskil L vstr m 2. Sound Is Compressed Words Rebels And Hiss 11 04 Recording Info Piano, Organ Anders ... Words Rebel And Hiss single Sound Is Compressed Words Rebel And Hiss 3 55 TEXT Vital Signs ... Inofficial TEXT Web site http web.telia.com u35503769 TEXT lyrics&sounds.html Category Refused sv TEXT ... more details
otheruses Orphan date November 2006 The Plain La Plaine was the name given to the Girondist s or Moderate party in the French National Convention , in contrast with The Mountain or Jacobin Club Jacobin party. References Nuttall DEFAULTSORT Plain, The Category Groups of the French Revolution Category Politics of France France hist stub France party stub ... more details
File Campia Titu.JPG thumb 200px maize Corn fields in the Wallachian Plain . The Walachian plain is known ... Ridge2.JPG thumb 200px Part of the plain that surrounds Lightning Ridge , New South Wales, Australia In geography , a plain is landscape land with relatively low relief, that is flat or gently rolling. Prairie s and steppe s are types of plains, and the archetype for a plain is often thought ... of valley s but also on plateau s at high elevation s. In a valley, a plain is enclosed on two sides but in other cases a plain may be delineated by a complete or partial ring of hills, by mountains or cliffs. Where a geological region contains more than one plain, they may be connected by a pass ... grasslands which provide good grazing for livestock . Types of terrestrial plains Coastal plain ... types Flood plain , adjacent to a stream, river, lake or wetland that experiences occasional or periodic flooding . Alluvial plain , formed over a long period of time by a river depositing ... and an alluvial plain is that the floodplain represents the area experiencing flooding fairly regularly in the present or recently, whereas an alluvial plain includes areas where the floodplain is now and used to be, or areas which only experience flooding a few times a century. Scroll plain , a plain through which a river meander s with a very low gradient. NOTE this may be merged with floodplain or alluvial plain in the future. Lacustrine plain , a plain that originally formed in a lacustrine environment, that is, as the bed of a lake . Lava plain , formed by sheets of flowing lava . Glacial plains are formed by the movement of glaciers under the force of gravity Till plain , a plain ... till of all sizes. Sandur plural sandar , a glacial out wash plain formed of sediments deposited by melt ... on moons and planets. Abyssal plain , a flat or very gently sloping area of the deep ocean basin ... more details
Song infobox Name On a Plain Artist Nirvana band Nirvana Album Nevermind Released May June 1991 at Sound City, Van Nuys and Devonshire, North Hollywood, Los Angeles, California North Hollywood track no 11 Recorded April 1990 at Smart Studios , Madison, Wisconsin Genre Punk Rock Length 3 16 Writer Label DGC Records DGC Writer Kurt Cobain Producer Butch Vig prev Stay Away prev no 10 next Something In The Way next no 12 On a Plain is a song by the United States American grunge band Nirvana band Nirvana . It is the eleventh song on their DGC Records major label debut , Nevermind 1991 . History On a Plain was written by Kurt Cobain in 1990. It was first recorded in the studio on January 1, 1991 by Craig Montgomery in Seattle, Washington . It was debuted live on May 29, 1991 in Los Angeles, California . On a Plain was recorded for Nevermind in May or June 1991 by Butch Vig in North Hollywood . It was released as a promotional single promo single in the summer of 1992, and became a moderate alternative rock hit. An Steel string guitar acoustic version was recorded during Nirvana s MTV Unplugged set on November 18, 1993. This version appears on the band s MTV Unplugged in New York album, released in November 1994. It features Lori Goldston on cello . A live performance appears on the band s 1994 home video , Live Tonight Sold Out It was recorded at the Roskilde Festival on June 26, 1992 in Roskilde , Denmark . Another live performance of On a Plain from Nirvana s show at the Paradiso Club in Amsterdam on November 25, 1991 appears on the 2006 DVD re release of Live Tonight Sold Out . An early 1991 rehearsal of On a Plain can be found after the credits have ended on the DVD version ... http www.billboard.com song nirvana on a plain 1609359 ref align center 25 Accolades Ranked 19 in NME ... Vig cs On a Plain es On a Plain fr On a Plain it On a Plain pl On a Plain pt On a Plain fi On a Plain sv On a Plain vi On a Plain ... more details
In computing, text attributes in the sense of attribute computing attributes of a text are some data associated with particular chunks of text, except of its character computing characters itself. Say, something more than a plaintext . See formatted text for text attributes in word processing. See HTML Elements for discussion about text attributes in HTML. See text mode for hardware implemented screen text attributes particularly, VGA compatible text mode describes such text attributes on PC compatibles. Also, a text attribute may refer to an attribute e.g. to an XML Attribute XML attribute , those value consists of a text. Disambig ... more details
Expert subject Books article date November 2008 Unreferenced date October 2007 An e text from electronics electronic text sometimes written as etext is, generally, any text based computing text based information ..., but more specifically it refers to files in the ASCII character encoding . E text has the broad ... work of text. Indeed, there are ASCII textbooks available. These are now referred to as, and the term is often used synonymously, an e book . The term e text is used for the more limited case of data in ASCII text format, while the more general e book can be in a specialized and, at times ... for distribution as an ebook, an ezine , or an internet newspaper , whereas e text is distributed in ASCII or plaintext . Metadata relating to the text is sometimes included with e text though it appears more frequently with ebooks . Typically, e text have some control character s such as Indentation ... font information, hyperlink s, or inline image s. E text files are files with generally a one to one ... e text files contain more than ASCII characters if they are encoded by East Asian encoding such as Shift ... the encoding format. Although e text files are generally human readable, they can of course be used for data storage by computer programs. Note that a webpage with formatted text is not an e text specifically, but the HTML source code is whether a file is an e text thus may depend on the level ..., as do HTML and XML . These files can be opened, read, and edited with a text editor . An e text file can have the MIME type textplain , often with suffixes indicating an encoding. Common encodings for e text include Unicode UTF 8 , Unicode UTF 16 UCS 2 , ISO IEC 8859 and ASCII . Transferring e text files between Unix , Macintosh and Microsoft Windows or DOS computers can be problematic, as each ... within the text and easy portability make e text popular. Hand held computers such as Personal .... These devices also allow the e text to be read on the move more conveniently than text printed on paper ... more details
in a text file. Text file refers to a type of container, while plaintext refers to a type of content. Text files can contain plaintext, but they are not limited to such. At a generic level of description, there are two kinds of computer files text files and binary files . ref name Lewis000 cite ... readable content is presented to the user. This often consists of the file s plaintext visible ... acted upon by the editor, or as visible escape character s that can be edited as plaintext. Though there may be plaintext in a text file, control characters within the file especially the end of file character can render the plaintext unseen by a particular method. See also List of file formats ... http c2.com cgi wiki?PowerOfPlainText C2 the Power of PlainText Category Computer file formats ... of a Comma separated values CSV formatted text file . A text file sometimes spelled textfile an old ... text file lines . A text file exists within a computer file system . The end of a text file is often ... isbn 0763741493 ref Data storage Because of their simplicity, text files are commonly used for Computer ... science machine word . Further, when data corruption occurs in a text file, it is often easier to recover and continue processing the remaining contents. A disadvantage of text files is that they usually ... than is strictly necessary. A simple text file needs no additional metadata to assist the reader in interpretation ... ASCII The ASCII standard allows ASCII only text files unlike most other file types to be freely ... of values outside the ASCII range their character encoding . MIME Text files usually have the MIME type textplain , usually with additional information indicating an encoding. Prior to the advent of Mac OS X , the Mac OS system regarded the content of a file the data fork to be a text file when its resource fork indicated that the type of the file was TEXT . Under the Microsoft Windows operating system, a file is regarded as a text file if the suffix of the name of the file the Filename ... more details
Formatted text , styled text or rich text , as opposed to plaintext , has styling information beyond ... the most common text encoding now in use is what might informally be called Plain ASCII , which involves ... s . Terminology Formatted text cannot rightly be identified with binary files or be distinct from ASCII text. This is because formatted text is not necessarily binary, it may be text only, such as HTML , Rich Text Format RTF or enriched text files, and it may be ASCII only. Conversely, a plaintext file may be non ASCII in an encoding such as Unicode UTF 8 . Text only formatted text is achieved by Markup language markup which too is textual, while some editors of formatted text like Microsoft Word save in a binary format. Beginning of Formatted Text Formatted text has its genesis ... from the body text by special characters, such as angle brackets in HTML . For example, this text ... text is enclosed by an opening and a closing italics tag. In LaTeX , the text would be marked ... can be implemented with any text editor , needing no special software . Formatted Document Files ... files . Opening such files with a text editor reveals the text embellished with various binary ... of the file eg in Microsoft Word . Formatted text documents in binary files have, however, the disadvantages .... As for secrecy, formatted text document file formats tend to be proprietary and undocumented ... formatted text file format that is usually binary using compression for the text, and storing graphics ... Word or OpenOffice.org Writer, and not editable by the user once done. See also Text encoding Online rich text editor moved section from Text encoding All this is pretty much bogus, I think. I agree. It contains na ve information. Text encoding Text formatting. as a sequence of code s from a character encoding for the purpose of computer storage or electronic communication of that text ... , a text encoding has to represent much larger things like article s and book s, and must represent ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2009 Expert subject Electronics date September 2009 A text display is an electronic alphanumeric display device that is mainly or only capable of showing Plaintexttext , or extremely limited graphics character s. This includes electromechanical split flap display s, vane display s, and flip disc display s all electronic liquid crystal display s, eggcrate display incandescent LED display s, and vacuum fluorescent display s and even electric nixie tube s. There are several ways to form text for display. A segment display uses lines, while a dot matrix display uses a dot matrix grid of dots , and both of these are seen in LCD, LED, VFD, and vane disc types. For split flap displays, the characters or words are pre printed, and for nixie tubes the shapes are also pre formed. In any case, the display elements are controlled by electronics which activate them in the correct physical and time temporal sequence to show the desired information. Text displays are used in everything from clock s clock radio s, wristwatch es to variable message sign s departure board s, intelligent transportation system s , because up until the late 2000s, they were and in many cases still are the least expensive for their purpose. See also display device References Reflist Category Display devices Electronics stub ... more details
selfref For the use of text editors with Wikipedia, see Wikipedia Text editor support . File Vim.png right thumb An example of a text editor, Vim text editor Vim A text editor is a type of software application program used for editing plaintext file s. Text editors are often provided with operating ... language source code . Plaintext files vs. word processor files There are important differences between plaintext files created by a text editor, and document files created by word processor s such as Microsoft Word , WordPerfect , or OpenOffice.org . Briefly A plaintext file is represented ... and formfeed. The most commonly used character set is ASCII , especially recently, as plaintext files ... word processor. Word processor programs can usually edit a plaintext file and save it back in the plaintext file format. However, one must take care to tell the program that this is what ... are offered a variety of text editors dedicated to the task of web development . These create the plain ... with several program decks. Before text editors existed, computer text was punched into punched cards with keypunch machines. The text was carried as a physical box of these thin cardboard cards, and read ... characters to indicate ends of records. The first text editors were line editors oriented to teletype ... that operated with line numbers of specific text string computer science strings context . Later ... on the printer. These line based text editors were considered revolutionary improvements ... became available, Visual editor screen based text editors sometimes termed just screen editors became common. One of the earliest full screen editors was O26 text editor O26 which was written for the operator ... based editors motivated many of the early purchases of video terminals. Types of text editors Some text editors are small and simple, while others offer a broad and complex range of functionality ... Windows text editors Windows text editors with more features. Under Apple Macintosh s classic Mac ... more details
Street. When processing plaintext, tables of abbreviations that contain periods can help prevent ...Text segmentation is the process of dividing writing written text into meaningful units, such as word s, Sentence linguistics sentence s, or topic s. The term applies both to human mind mental processes used by humans when reading text, and to artificial processes implemented in computers , which are the subject of natural language processing . The problem is non trivial, because while some written languages have explicit word boundary markers, such as the word spaces of written English language ... Standard Annex on Text Segmentation, exploring the issues of segmentation in multiscript texts. Word splitting is the process of parsing concatenated text i.e. text that contains no spaces or other word ... problems Processes may be required to segment text into segments besides words, including morpheme ... may contain multiple topics, and the task of computerized text segmentation may be to discover these topics automatically and segment the text accordingly. The topic boundaries may be apparent ... Freddy Y. Y. Choi title Advances in domain independent linear text segmentation booktitle Proceedings ... a computer process to segment text. When punctuation and similar clues are not consistently available ... natural language processing systems and text segmentation tools usually operate on text in specific domains and sources. As an example, processing text used in medical records is a very different problem than processing news articles or real estate advertisements. The process of developing text segmentation tools starts with collecting a large corpus of text in an application domain. There are two general approaches Manual analysis of text and writing custom software Annotate the sample corpus with boundary information and use Machine Learning Some text segmentation systems take advantage ... Word Split An open source software tool designed to split conjoined words into human readable text. Category ... more details
May 2007 Text mining , sometimes alternately referred to as text data mining , roughly equivalent to text analytics , refers to the process of deriving high quality information from text. High quality ... recognition statistical pattern learning . Text mining usually involves the process of structuring the input text usually parsing, along with the addition of some derived linguistic features ... data, and finally evaluation and interpretation of the output. High quality in text mining ... , and interestingness. Typical text mining tasks include text categorization , text clustering ... recognition named entities . History Labor intensive manual text mining approaches first surfaced .... Text mining is an interdisciplinary field that draws on information retrieval , data mining , machine ... Data and the 80 Percent Rule ref is currently stored as text, text mining is believed to have a high ... according to their meaning. Applications Recently, text mining has received attention in many areas. Security applications Many text mining software packages are marketed towards security applications, particularly analysis of plaintext sources such as Internet news.It also involves in the study of text encryption. Biomedical applications main Biomedical text mining A range of text mining applications ... & Lawrence Hunter title Getting Started in Text Mining journal PLoS Computational Biology month January ... that combines biomedical text mining with network visualization as an Internet service. ref Cite ... 11326264 doi 10.1038 ng0501 9 issue 1 ref Another text mining example is http www.GoPubMed.org GoPubMed ... issue pmc 1160231 ref Semantic similarity has also been used by text mining systems, namely, GOAnnotator ... text journal Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration volume 1 number 19 year 2006 ... IBM and Microsoft , are researching text mining techniques and developing programs to further automate the mining and analysis processes. Text mining software is also being researched by different ... more details
Speech to text may refer to Speech recognition , the conversion of spoken words to text Speech to text reporter , a person who converts speech into a text format disambig ... more details
refimprove date January 2009 Transformation of text is strategies to perform transformation geometry geometric transformations on text reversals, rotations, etc , particularly in systems that do not natively support transformation, such as HTML , seven segment display s and plaintext . Implementation Many systems, such as HTML, seven segment displays and plaintext, do not support transformation of text ... the visual effects of text transformations have come into use. The most common of these transformations ... in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet system . Upside down text Strategies can be used to render words upside down in languages such as HTML that do not permit rotation geometry rotation of text using ... of upside down text also called flip text can be achieved. The letters s, x, z and o are rotational ... Internet utilities exist for the transformation of regular text to and sometimes from upside down text each has its own slightly different algorithm for letters not precisely or well covered. A list ... Unicode, and more readily typed by hand. However, the text created by using USD encoding is far less ...9 Punctuation , Sideways text Sideways text presents a unique problem. Though it is likely the most practical as opposed to artistic form of text transformation, it is the least supported and is the most difficult to implement. Unlike rotating text 180 degrees, the number of sideways characters falls far short of what would be needed for most purposes, and because text is rendered horizontally, it would be very difficult to render beyond one line of vertical text in a well aligned manner without ... a Cascading Style Sheets CSS property that will rotate normally entered text 90 degrees clockwise code ... text available to standards compliant browsers as they are developed to support CSS3 completely. ref name w3.org The most common way around these problems is to use image s of text, which can then be rotated and transformed in an image editor at will, and to represent the text in those images with the alt ... more details
Text Format has multiple meanings. In the field of computing Formatted text &ndash text containing word processor metadata for control style. In the fields of graphic design Typesetting &ndash the style of text on a page. Typography &ndash the style of text characters. Calligraphy &ndash the style of hand rendered text characters. disambig ... more details
Text buffer may refer to In programming a part of video adapter s memory in a text mode a backup or mirror, or emulation of that part in the system RAM, see e.g. virtual console . In text editor s same as clipboard software , but for text only. disambig ... more details
notability date October 2010 Primary sources date October 2010 COI date October 2010 Infobox Software name GX Text developer Nicholas Van Dyk released July 2010 programming language BASIC operating system Microsoft Windows language English genre Text editor license Freeware website www.vandyksoftware.co.cc GX Text is a text editor for Microsoft Windows that can open and edit .gtx files. It is very basic and updated monthly. It is written in Liberty BASIC . See also List of text editors Comparison of text editors References reflist External links www.vandyksoftware.co.cc DEFAULTSORT Gx Text Category Text editors Category Technical communication tools ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date June 2010 Hidden text is computer character computer text that is displayed in such a way as to be invisible or unreadable. Hidden text is most commonly achieved by setting the typeface font color to the same color as the background, rendering the text invisible unless the user highlights it. An example of some hidden text follows on the next line span style color white This text is hidden because the font color was changed to white. span To reveal the text disable Style sheet web development style sheet s in the browser use a Category Text based web browsers text only browser or simply highlight the text area with the Cursor computers cursor . Hidden text can serve several purposes. Often web sites use it to disguise Spoiler media spoiler s for readers who do not wish to read that text. Hidden text can also be used to hide data from users who are less Internet savvy or who are not familiar with a particular website. An example of this practice is to display an File Transfer Protocol FTP password in hidden text to reduce the number of users who are able to access downloads and thereby save bandwidth. It is also used by websites as a spamdexing technique to fill a page with keywords that a search engine will recognize but are not visible to a visitor. However, Google has taken steps to prevent this by parsing the color of text as it indexes it and checking to see if it is transparent, giving those pages much lower rankings. Citation needed date June 2010 ... characters are characters that are required for computer text to render properly but which are not a part ... line of text or to add space between words, commonly referred to as white space characters . See also Comment computer programming Please note nowiki Please note the hidden text function of this character string, pertinent to this website. nowiki nowiki. DEFAULTSORT Hidden Text Category Internet terminology Web stub pl Invisible text ... more details
Image CDTXlogo.svg thumb 100px Compact Disc Text optical disc authoring CD Text is an extension of the Red ..., which can store about 31 megabytes. The latter areas are not used by strict Red Book CDs. The text is stored in a format usable by the Interactive Text Transmission System ITTS . ITTS is also used ... and backed by Sony . Support for CD Text is common, but not universal. Utilities exist to automatically rip CD Text data, and insert it into CDDB or freedb . Format MMC 3 specifies 16 types. Of these, three are reserved and so don t have keywords. border 1 CD Text Keywords Keyword Description Section ... Text data which encoding is in use. The original Sony authoring tools and specifications supported ASCII ... AmadeusPro Amadeus Pro on Mac OS X has CD Text support. Audiograbber has support for reading CD Text to fill in artist title information if present when ripping CDs Brasero software Brasero has support for CD Text from version 0.5.90 Burn software Burn on Mac OS X can burn CD Text. cdrdao , Linux command line tool that supports writing CD Text. CDex can read from CD Text. CDRWIN can burn CD Text dBpoweramp CD Ripper has support for reading CD Text to fill in artist title information if present ... support for reading and writing CD Text information. Exact Audio Copy have support for reading CD Text to fill in artist title information if present when CD ripping ripping CDs . foobar2000 Since version 1.0 foobar2000 has support for reading CD Text to fill in artist title information if present ... from GEAR Software can copy, record and create DDP images for replication of Audio CDs with CD Text ... Number EAN icedax , Linux command line tool that supports reading CD Text. ImgBurn can burn CD Text ... copies CD Text if available when a CD is ripped in raw format and saves it to a CDT file format .cdt file. iTunes 7 or higher supports burning with CD Text. It is by default an unchecked option ... has support for reading and writing CD Text on Linux. MediaMonkey has full CD Text Support. MusicBee ... more details
Sky Text is the Teletext Digital teletext Digital Teletext Service operated by British Sky Broadcasting British Sky Broadcasting BSkyB in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland . It is available on Digital Satellite, Freeview UK Freeview Channel 108. Features News Page 102 Finance Sport Page 200 Sport Letters Page 459 Weather Entertainment industry Showbiz Page 170 National Lottery United Kingdom National Lottery results Holiday s External links http www.skyinteractive.com sky our services sky text Sky Text at skyinteractive.com http www.skytextholidays.com Sky Text Holidays http teletext.mb21.co.uk gallery cabsat sky.shtml Sky Text screenshots and information BSkyB Category Teletext UK bcast stub cs Sky Text pl Sky Text ... more details
For the company Open Text Corporation In semiotic analysis, an open text is a text that allows multiple or mediated Hermeneutics interpretation by the readers. In contrast, a closed text leads the reader to one intended interpretation. The concept of the open text comes from Umberto Eco s collection of essays The Role of the Reader ref Eco, U., 1984,The Role of the Reader Explorations in the Semiotics of Texts, Indiana University Press, ISBN 025320318X ref , but it is also derivative of Roland Barthes s distinction between readerly lisible and writerly scriptible texts as set out in his 1968 essay, The Death of the Author ref Barthes, R., 1977, The Death of the Author in Image Music Text, Fontana ref . References http etd.lib.fsu.edu theses available etd 06092006 044853 http scholar.google.com scholar?q 22open text 22&as subj soc references Category Hermeneutics Category Literary theory Category Semiotics Literature stub tr A k metin ... more details
Infobox journal title Text & Talk abbreviation Text cover Image Talk&Text.gif discipline discourse analysis language English website http www.degruyter.de journals text detail.cfm publisher Walter de Gruyter Mouton de Gruyter country Germany history 1981 to present ISSN 0165 4888 eISSN Text & Talk is a double blind peer reviewed journal published by Walter de Gruyter Mouton de Gruyter . It provides an international and interdisciplinary forum for publication of research in language, discourse, and communication studies . The journal was first published under the name TEXT in 1981. The editor for 2009 is Srikant Sarangi Cardiff University . External links http www.degruyter.de journals text detail.cfm Talk & Text official website Walter de Gruyter Mouton de Gruyter offset br Journal stub Category Publications established in 1981 Category Linguistics journals Category Walter de Gruyter academic journals Category English language journals ... more details
Text linguistics is a branch of linguistics that deals with Textuality text s as communication system s. Its original aims lay in uncovering and describing text grammar s. The application of text linguistics has, however, evolved from this approach to a point in which text is viewed in much broader terms that go beyond a mere extension of traditional grammar towards an entire text. Text linguistics takes into account the form of a text, but also its setting, i.e. the way in which it is situated in an interactional, communicative context. Both the author of a written or spoken text as well as its addressee are taken into consideration in their respective social and or institutional roles in the specific communicative context. In general it is an application of discourse analysis ref Trappes Lomax, Hugh 2004 Discourse analysis , in The Handbook of Applied Linguistics ed. by A. Davies & C. Elder. Oxford Blackwell, pp. 133 164. ref at the much broader level of text, rather than just a sentence or word. References references ling stub Category Linguistics Category Applied linguistics de Textlinguistik es Ling stica del texto gl Ling stica textual ko it Linguistica testuale nl Tekstlingu stiek pl Lingwistyka tekstu pt Lingu stica textual sl Tekstologija tr Metin Dilbilim zh ... more details
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