Phylogeography is the study of the historical processes that may be responsible for the contemporary ... book last Avise first J. title Phylogeography The History and Formation of Species publisher President ... biogeography biogeographical past sets phylogeography apart from classical population genetics and phylogenetics ... Statistical phylogeography journal Molecular Ecology volume 11 pages 2623 2635 doi 10.1046 j.1365 ... 11114435 issue 12 ref Development While the term phylogeography was first coined in 1987, ref cite journal ..., and N. C. Saunders year 1987 title Intraspecific phylogeography the mitochondrial DNA bridge between ... were particularly important in laying the groundwork for modern phylogeography the first was the spread ... into phylogeographic analyses. Phylogeography takes a population genetic s and phylogenetic ... of phylogeography a personal reflection journal Molecular Ecology volume 7 pages 371 379 doi 10.1046 ... millions of copies of a DNA segment can be replicated, was crucial in the development of phylogeography ... have taken a stronger statistical approach to phylogeography than was done initially. ref name K&M .... Moritz year 1998 title Comparative phylogeography and the history of endemic vertebrates in the Wet ... Molecular phylogeography and the evolution and conservation of Amazonian mammals journal Molecular ..., P., L. Fumagalli, A. G. Wust Saucy, and J. F. Cossons year 1998 title Comparative phylogeography ... j.1365 294x.1998.00289.x pmid 9628000 issue 4 ref Phylogeography and conservation Phylogeography ... Subterranean phylogeography of freshwater crayfishes shows extensive gene flow and surprisingly large ... American paleodrainage basins phylogeography and speciation in salamanders of the Eurycea bislineata ... allow informed choices in prioritizing areas for conservation. Comparative phylogeography The field of comparative phylogeography seeks to explain the mechanisms responsible for the phylogenetic relationships ... taxa during the Pleistocene or Pliocene . Phylogeography also gives an important historical perspective ... more details
For the genus of fungus Lysurus fungus Taxobox name Lysurus image Lysurus castaneiceps.jpg image caption Immature Lysurus castaneiceps regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Aves ordo Passeriformes familia Emberizidae genus Lysurus Lysurus is a genus of bird in the Emberizidae family. Recent evidence indicates this genus should be merged into Arremon , ref Cadena, C. D., J. Klicka and R. E. Ricklefs. 2007 . Evolutionary differentiation in the Neotropical montane region molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography of Buarremon brush finches Aves, Emberizidae . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44 3 993 1016. ref but if recognized as a valid genus, it contains the following species Olive Finch Lysurus castaneiceps Sooty faced Finch Lysurus crassirostris References reflist Emberizidae stub Category Emberizidae pt Lysurus ru fi Tummanaamasirkkuset ... more details
orphan date February 2009 Pic des Singes is a mountain in northern Algeria . This mountain, also known as Monkey Mountain is a habitat for the endangered primate Barbary Macaque . Macaca sylvanus . This primate species is the only surviving species in Africa of its genus. ref Lara Modolo, Walter Salzburger and Robert D. Martin, 2005 ref Barbary Macaques prehistorically had a much wider distribution than at present. ref C. Michael Hogan, 2008 ref See also Tell Atlas References C. Michael Hogan 2008 http globaltwitcher.auderis.se artspec information.asp?thingid 31757&lang us Barbary Macaque Macaca sylvanus , Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg Lara Modolo, Walter Salzburger and Robert D. Martin 2005 http www.pnas.org content 102 20 7392.full Phylogeography of Barbary macaques Macaca sylvanus and the origin of the Gibraltar colony Line notes reflist coord missing Algeria Category Mountains of Algeria Algeria stub ... more details
Taxobox regnum Fungi divisio Ascomycota classis Lecanoromycetes ordo Lecanorales familia Parmeliaceae genus Cavernularia genus authority Gunnar Bror Fritiof Degelius Degel. subdivision ranks Species subdivision Cavernularia hultenii C. hultenii small Degel. small br Cavernularia lophyrea C. lophyrea small Ach. Degel. small Cavernularia is a genus of lichen ised ascomycete s in the large family Parmeliaceae . It is a genus of only two currently accepted species . ref name Printzen, et al. Printzen, C., Ekman, S., Tonsberg, T. 2003 . Phylogeography of Cavernularia hultenii evidence of slow genetic drift in a widely disjunct lichen. Molecular Ecology 12 1473 1486. http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 118890542 abstract ref Both members of the genus have a foliose growth form. They are commonly referred to as the pitted lichens . References reflist Category Parmeliaceae Category Lichens Lecanoromycetes stub ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Lymnaea acuminata image image caption status regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Heterobranchia br clade Euthyneura br clade Panpulmonata br clade Hygrophila Gastropoda Hygrophila superfamilia Lymnaeoidea familia Lymnaeidae subfamilia Lymnaeinae genus Lymnaea species L. acuminata binomial Lymnaea acuminata binomial authority synonyms Lymnaea acuminata is a species of freshwater snail , an aquatic animal aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family biology family Lymnaeidae . Parasites Lymnaea acuminata is the first intermediate host for trematodes Schistosoma nasale ref name Liu 2010 and for Schistosoma spindale . ref name Liu 2010 Liu L. et al. 2010 The phylogeography of Indoplanorbis exustus Gastropoda Planorbidae in Asia . Parasites & Vectors 3 57. doi 10.1186 1756 3305 3 57 . ref References Reflist Category Lymnaeidae Lymnaeidae stub ... more details
Taxobox regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Afrosoricida familia Tenrecidae genus Microgale species M. grandidieri binomial Microgale grandidieri binomial authority Olson et al., 2009 Microgale grandidieri is a species of shrew tenrec occurring in the dry forests of western and southwestern Madagascar . Populations of this species were formerly included in Microgale brevicaudata M. grandidieri was described as a separate species in 2009 based on differences in morphology anatomy morphology and DNA sequence s. ref Olson et al., 2009 ref References reflist Literature cited Olson, L.E., Rakotomalala, Z., Hildebrandt, K.B.P., Lanier, H.C., Raxworthy, C.J., and Goodman, S.M. 2009. Phylogeography of Microgale brevicaudata Tenrecidae and description of a new species from western Madagascar. Journal of Mammalogy 90 5 1095 1110. Afrosoricida T. Category Afrosoricida Category Mammals of Madagascar ... more details
Taxobox name Buarremon image Buarremon brunneinucha NBII Image Gallery a00216.jpg image caption Buarremon brunneinucha regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Aves ordo Passeriformes subordo Passeri infraordo Passerida superfamilia Passeroidea familia Emberizidae genus Buarremon genus authority Charles Lucien Bonaparte Bonaparte 1850 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Buarremon brunneinucha br Buarremon torquatus br Buarremon virenticeps br and see text Buarremon is a genus of perching bird s in the family biology family Emberizidae . Recent evidence indicates this genus should be merged into Arremon , ref Cadena, C. D., J. Klicka and R. E. Ricklefs. 2007 . Evolutionary differentiation in the Neotropical montane region molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography of Buarremon brush finches Aves, Emberizidae . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44 3 993 1016. ref but if recognized as a valid genus, it contains the following species Chestnut capped Brush finch , Buarremon brunneinucha Plain breasted Brush finch, Buarremon brunneinucha apertus Green striped Brush finch , Buarremon virenticeps Stripe headed Brush finch , Buarremon torquatus Black headed Brush finch , Buarremon atricapillus Grey striped Brush finch, Buarremon atricapillus costaricensis References reflist Emberizidae stub Category Buarremon Category Genera of birds hu Buarremon pt Buarremon ru Buarremon fi Juovasirkut ... more details
Taxobox name Green striped Brush finch image Green striped Brushfinch.jpg status LC status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Bird Aves ordo Passeriformes familia Emberizidae genus Arremon species A. virenticeps binomial Arremon virenticeps binomial authority Charles Lucien Bonaparte Bonaparte , 1855 synonyms Buarremon virenticeps The Green striped Brush finch Arremon virenticeps is a species of bird in the Emberizidae family. It is Endemism endemic to Mexico . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane s. Until recently, it was placed in the genus Buarremon . ref Cadena, C. D., J. Klicka and R. E. Ricklefs. 2007 . Evolutionary differentiation in the Neotropical montane region molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography of Buarremon brush finches Aves, Emberizidae . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44 3 993 1016. ref References reflist BirdLife International 2004. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 53623 all Buarremon virenticeps . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 25 July 2007. DEFAULTSORT Brush finch, Green striped Category Birds of Mexico Category Endemic fauna of Mexico Category Arremon Green striped Brush finch Emberizidae stub es Arremon virenticeps fr Tohi raies vertes pt Buarremon virenticeps ... more details
Taxobox name Olive Finch image Lysurus castaneiceps.jpg image caption Immature status LC status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Aves ordo Passeriformes familia Emberizidae genus Arremon species A. castaneiceps binomial Arremon castaneiceps binomial authority Sclater, 1859 synonyms Lysurus castaneiceps The Olive Finch Arremon castaneiceps is a species of bird in the Emberizidae family. It is found in Colombia , Ecuador , and Peru . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest s. Until recently, it was placed in the genus Lysurus . ref Cadena, C. D., J. Klicka and R. E. Ricklefs. 2007 . Evolutionary differentiation in the Neotropical montane region molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography of Buarremon brush finches Aves, Emberizidae . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44 3 993 1016. ref References Caldasia24 157 Commons Lysurus castaneiceps reflist BirdLife International 2004. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 53629 all Lysurus castaneiceps . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 26 July 2007. Category Lysurus Emberizidae stub fi Tuhkanaamasirkkunen ... more details
Taxobox name Sooty faced Finch image status LC status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Aves ordo Passeriformes familia Emberizidae genus Arremon species A. crassirostris binomial Arremon crassirostris binomial authority John Cassin Cassin , 1865 synonyms Lysurus crassirostris The Sooty faced Finch Arremon crassirostris is a species of bird in the Emberizidae family. It is found in Colombia , Costa Rica , and Panama . Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane s. Until recently, it was placed in the genus Lysurus . ref Cadena, C. D., J. Klicka and R. E. Ricklefs. 2007 . Evolutionary differentiation in the Neotropical montane region molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography of Buarremon brush finches Aves, Emberizidae . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44 3 993 1016. ref References reflist BirdLife International 2004. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 53628 all Lysurus crassirostris . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 26 July 2007. Emberizidae stub Category Lysurus ... more details
italic title taxobox image Chrysanthemoides monilifera Rondevlei Nature Reserve, South Africa .jpg regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Asterales familia Asteraceae tribus Calenduleae genus Chrysanthemoides subdivision ranks Species subdivision See text. Chrysanthemoides is one of eight genera of the Calenduleae , with a center of diversity in South Africa . The genera contains only two species, but is known for the invasive Bitou Bush Chrysanthemoides monilifera . Studies of this genus have determined that there is a large amount of genetic variation between populations, suggesting an extreme adaptive capability in the plants. ref Barker, N. P, Von Senger, I, Howis, S, Zachariades, C, Ripley, B. S. 2005 Plant Phylogeography based on rDNA ITS sequence Data Two Examples from the Asteraceae Regnum Vegetabile, 143 217 244 ref Some of these variations are recognized, such as Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata . The name Chrysanthemoides means having the appearance of chrysanthemum . References reflist Category Calenduleae Category Asteraceae genera asteroideae stub es Chrysanthemoides pt Chrysanthemoides ... more details
Taxobox name Knysna Dwarf Chameleon image Bradypodion damaranum1.jpg regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Reptilia ordo Squamata familia Chamaeleonidae genus Bradypodion species B. damaranum binomial Bradypodion damaranum The Knysna Dwarf Chameleon Bradypodion damaranum is a species of Bradypodion dwarf chameleon in the Bradypodion slow footed genus of chameleon s that are Endemism endemic to South Africa . It is a forest dweller, found only in a limited range in the afromontane forests near Knysna , South Africa , and in certain other areas. File Bradypodion damaranum00.jpg left thumb Sources Tolley K. and Burger M. 2007. Chameleons of Southern Africa. Struik, Cape Town Tolley, K.A. et al. 2006. Biogeographic patterns and phylogeography of dwarf chameleons Bradypodion in an African biodiversity hotspot. Molecular Ecology 15 781 793. http www.adcham.com html taxonomy species bdamaranum.html Adcham profile http wildcliff.org research dwarf chameleon project.html The Dwarf Chameleon Project at Wildcliff Nature Reserve External links http vmus.adu.org.za vm search.php?database sarca&URL http sarca.adu.org.za&Logo images sarca logo.png&Headline Southern 20African 20Reptile 20Conservation 20Assessment&Records per page 25&Use main filter 0&User id &Full name &query id &Vm number &recNo &numRows &start &option sp map Search for Distribution of Bradypodion damaranum Category Chameleons ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Mexipyrgus churinceanus image Mexipyrgus churinceanus.jpg image caption A series of gastropod shell shells of Mexipyrgus churinceanus , showing variation in size, shell sculpture, and color regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda subclassis superordo ordo superfamilia familia Hydrobiidae genus Mexipyrgus species M. churinceanus binomial Mexipyrgus churinceanus binomial authority Dwight Willard Taylor Taylor , 1966 Mexipyrgus churinceanus is a species of very small freshwater snail , an Aquatic animal aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae . Subspecies Mexipyrgus churinceanus lugoi Mexipyrgus De Lugo Snail References reflist Further reading Steven G. Johnson http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 118706176 abstract?CRETRY 1&SRETRY 0 Age, phylogeography and population structure of the microendemic banded spring snail, Mexipyrgus churinceanus . Molecular Ecology, Volume 14, Issue 8, Pages 2299 2311, Published Online 1 Jun 2005. Steven G. Johnson, C. Darrin Hulsey and Francisco J. Garc a de Le n http www.biomedcentral.com 1471 2148 7 50 Spatial mosaic evolution of snail defensive traits . BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007, 7 50, doi 10.1186 1471 2148 7 50. Category Hydrobiidae Hydrobiidae stub vi Mexipyrgus churinceanus ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2009 taxobox name Kansu Red Deer status Data Deficient regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla subordo Ruminantia familia Cervidae subfamilia Cervinae genus Cervus species C. canadensis subspecies C. e. kansuensis trinomial Cervus elaphus kansuensis The Kansu Red Deer Cervus canadensis kansuensis is a subspecies of elk wapiti found in the Gansu province of China . This subspecies forms, along with the closely related Sichuan deer , and Tibetan red deer , the southernmost wapiti group ref name Ludt cite web last Ludt first Christian J. coauthors Wolf Schroeder, Oswald Rottmann, and Ralph Kuehn title Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of red deer Cervus elaphus work Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31 2004 1064 1083 publisher Elsevier url http www.wzw.tum.de wildbio paper cerphyl.pdf search 22Barbary 20red 20deer 22 format PDF accessdate 2007 06 04 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070620034701 http www.wzw.tum.de wildbio paper cerphyl.pdf search 22Barbary 20red 20deer 22 Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2007 06 20 ref . References references eventoedungulate stub Category Elk and Red Deer hu Kanszui vapiti ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Schistosoma mekongi regnum Animal ia phylum Platyhelminthes classis Trematoda subclassis Digenea ordo Strigeidida genus Schistosoma species S. mekongi binomial Schistosoma mekongi binomial authority Voge, Bruckner & Bruce, 1978 Schistosoma mekongi is a trematode, also known as a flatworm or fluke. It is one of the five major schistosomes that account for all human infections, the other four being S. haematobium , S. mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. intercalatum . This trematode causes schistosomiasis in humans, which is the second most common parasitic disease afflicting humans. Fact date February 2008 Freshwater snail Neotricula aperta serves as an intermediate host for Schistosoma mekongi . ref Attwood S. W., Fatih F. A. & Upatham E. S. 2008. http www.plosntds.org article info 3Adoi 2F10.1371 2Fjournal.pntd.0000200 DNA Sequence Variation Among Schistosoma mekongi Populations and Related Taxa Phylogeography and the Current Distribution of Asian Schistosomiasis . PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases , 2 3 e200. doi 10.1371 journal.pntd.0000200. ref References reflist External links http www.metapathogen.com schistosoma Schistosoma , blood fluke at Metapathogen.com http www.stanford.edu group parasites ParaSites2009 RebeccaHebner SchistoMekongi RebeccaHebner SchistoMekongi.htm ParaSite Schistosoma Mekongi flatworm stub parasite stub Helminthiases Category Digenea Category Parasites ar fr Schistosoma mekongi it Schistosoma mekongi pt Schistosoma mekongi ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Erginus sybariticus image image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked familia clade Patellogastropoda superfamilia Lottioidea familia Lottiidae subfamilia genus Erginus gastropod Erginus species E. sybariticus binomial Erginus sybariticus binomial authority William Healey Dall Dall , 1871 synonyms ref synonyms Erginus sybariticus is a species of sea snail , a true limpet , a marine gastropod mollusk in the family biology family Lottiidae , one of the families of true limpets. ref name WoRMS WRMS species 456585 Erginus sybariticus Dall, 1871 4 October 2010 ref Description Empty section date April 2010 Distribution Empty section date April 2010 References reflist Nakano & Ozawa 2007 . Worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda Molecular, morphological and palaeontological evidence . Journal of Molluscan Studies 73 1 79 99 External links Use dmy dates date January 2011 DEFAULTSORT Erginus Sybariticus Category Lottiidae Lottiidae stub ... more details
Taxobox name Moko skink image Moko skink little barrier 2011.jpg regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Reptilia ordo Squamata familia Scincidae genus Oligosoma species O. moco binomial Oligosoma moco binomial authority synonyms The Moko skink , Oligosoma moco , is a species of skink in the family biology family Scincidae . It is endemism endemic to New Zealand and is now found throughout the northeastern part if the North Island. ref name pmid17911035 cite journal author Hare KM, Daugherty CH, Chapple DG title Comparative phylogeography of three skink species Oligosoma moco, O. smithi, O. suteri Reptilia Scincidae in northeastern New Zealand. journal Mol Phylogenet Evol volume 46 issue 1 pages 303 15 year 2008 pmid 17911035 ref File Moko skink little barrier 2011 2.jpg thumb left 200px A moko skink, captured and photographed on Little Barrier Island , February, 2011 References reflist skink stub Category Oligosoma Category Reptiles of New Zealand ... more details
D loop replication is a process by which chloroplast s and mitochondria replicate their genetic material. An important component of understanding D loop replication is that many chloroplast s and mitochondria have a single circular chromosome like bacterium bacteria instead of the linear chromosome s found in eukaryote s. However, it should be remembered that many cloroplasts s and mitochondria have a linear chromosome, and D loop replication is not important in these organelles. In many organisms, one strand of DNA in the plastid comprises heavier nucleotide s relatively more purine s adenine and guanine . This strand is called the H heavy strand. The L light strand comprises lighter nucleotides pyrimidine s thymine and cytosine . Replication begins with replication of the heavy strand starting at the D loop also known as the control region . An origin of replication opens, and the heavy strand is replicated in one direction. After heavy strand replication has continued for some time, a new light strand is also synthesized, through the opening of another origin of replication. When diagramed, the resulting structure looks like the letter D. The D loop region is important for phylogeography phylogeographic studies. Because the region does not code for any genes, it is free to vary with only a few natural selection selective limitations on size and heavy light strand factors. The mutation rate is among the fastest of anywhere in either the nuclear or mitochondrial genomes in animals. Mutation s in the D loop can effectively track recent and rapid evolution ary changes such as within species and among very closely related species. See also D loop mtDNA organelle s. References Russell, P. J. 2002. iGenetics. Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco. Category DNA Burger, et al. 2003. Unique mitochondrial genome architecture in unicellular relatives of animals. PNAS 100 3 892 897. genetics stub ... more details
primarysources date December 2010 refimproveBLP date December 2010 Paul D. N. H bert , Royal Society of Canada FRSC is a Canadian biologist at the University of Guelph in Guelph , Ontario , Canada where he is a tenure d professor full professor . He is also a Canada Research Chair in Molecular Biodiversity Tier I and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada . H bert earned his B.Sc. at Queen s University in Kingston, Ontario Kingston , Ontario 1969 and his Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom 1972 . After his Ph.D. studies, H bert took a Rutherford Fellowship at the University of Sydney in Australia . He returned to Canada in 1976 as a member of the biology faculty university faculty at the University of Windsor in Windsor, Ontario Windsor , Ontario where he was also Director of the Great Lakes Institute . In 1990, he relocated to the University of Guelph as Chair of the Department of Zoology, a position he held for over 10 years. H bert has been a visiting professor at the Australian National University , the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , and the University of Adelaide . Although he is a recognized expert in the evolution and phylogeography of aquatic animal aquatic invertebrates especially crustaceans microcrustaceans , he is now best known as the father of DNA barcoding . External links http www.uoguelph.ca ib people faculty hebert.shtml Guelph faculty profile http www.chairs.gc.ca web chairholders viewprofile e.asp?id 556&Province ID 0&UniversityID &SubjectID &DisciplineID &Researcher hebert&Date Announce &Keyword Research Chair profile http www.uoguelph.ca phebert Hebert Laboratory http www.barcodinglife.org Barcode of Life Database http barcoding.si.edu index detail.htm Consortium for the Barcode of Life http www.fishbol.org Fish Barcode of Life project FISH BOL http barcoding.si.edu AllBirds.htm All Birds Barcoding Initiative ABBI http www.biodiversity.uoguelph.ca Biodiversity Institute of Ontario DEFAULTSORT Hebert, Paul D. ... more details
Taxobox image Balanus glandula01.jpg image caption Balanus glandula with Chthamalus fissus regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a subphylum Crustacean Crustacea classis Maxillopoda subclassis Thecostraca infraclassis Barnacle Cirripedia superordo Thoracica ordo Sessilia familia Balanidae genus Balanus species B. glandula binomial Balanus glandula binomial authority Charles Darwin Darwin , 1854 Balanus glandula , commonly called white acorn barnacle , is one of the most common barnacle species on the Pacific Ocean Pacific coast of North America , distributed from the U.S. state of Alaska to the border between California and the States of Mexico Mexican state of Baja California , commonly found in intertidal waters on mussel s, rocks and pier pilings. It is a moderate sized barnacle with a length of about 15 20 mm. The shell is formed by overlapping plates. It is has more the shape of a cylinder than the shape of a cone. The white Operculum gastropod operculum has heavily ridged walls. It can live up to ten years. It has been intensely studied in recent years as a model species for linking physical oceanography and population genetics or phylogeography surveys. This species has been introduced to the shores of Argentina in the past 30 years, and has become an invasive species , displacing other barnacles and mussels. References cite book author Morris RH, Abbott DL, Haderlie EC year 1980 title Intertidal invertebrates of California publisher Stanford University Press , Stanford cite web title iSpecies Balanus glandula url http darwin.zoology.gla.ac.uk rpage ispecies ?q Balanus glandula&submit Go accessdate 2006 08 10 Category Barnacles Category Indo Pacific crustaceans Category Invasive animal species Category Animals described in 1854 ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE Diadema genus Taxobox name Diadema image Urchin003.jpg image width 250px image caption Diadema antillarum regnum Animal ia phylum Echinodermata classis Echinoidea ordo Diadematoida familia Diadematidae genus Diadema genus authority Humpfreys , 1797 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Diadema palmeri Diadema savignyi Diadema setosum Diadema antillarum Diadema paucispinum Diadema mexicanum Diadema ascensionis Diadema is a genus of sea urchin s of the family biology Family Diadematidae and is one of the most abundant, widespread, and ecologically important shallow water genera of tropical sea urchins. It is found in all tropical oceans, although is ubiquitous in the Indo Pacific region, where it inhabits depths down to 70 m. However each species inhabits roughly separate areas of ocean. File Diadema urchin.jpg thumb float left Long spined urchins Diadema , London Zoo. Speciation within the genus can be difficult to confirm, partly due to Hybrid biology hybridisation , which is at least known to occur between Diadema savignyi and Diadema setosum . The species vary in types of sea bed they inhabit, with Diadema savignyi inhabiting sandy beds and back coral reef reef where damaged while Diadema setosum can also commonly be found among seagrass . The fossil record of Diadema is extremely poor, consisting only of spines that possibly belong to the genus, some of which go back to the Miocene , 5 to 24 million years ago. References Reflist Bibliography Cite journal last Lessios first H. A. coauthors B. D. Kessing and John S. Pearse date 2001 title Population structure and speciation in tropical seas. Global phylogeography of the sea urchin Diadema journal Evolution volume 55 issue 5 pages 955 975 url http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 118969890 abstract doi 10.1554 0014 3820 2001 055 0955 PSASIT 2.0.CO 2 pmid 11430656 year 2001 http www.edge of reef.com Edge of reef DEFAULTSORT Diadema Genus Category Echinoidea ... more details
The Red legged Frog , a threatened native species in Oregon , ref http boskydellnatives.com unheardvoice.html The Unheard Voice , states that The Red Legged Frog is a threatened native species in Oregon. 2009 ref is a common name for a particular kind of frog of the west coast of North America . The Red legged Frog requires stream side, woodland environments for survival. The Red legged Frog is further subdivided into two categories California Red legged Frog , Rana draytonii Northern Red legged Frog , Rana aurora These two have long been thought mere subspecies of Rana aurora , R. a. draytonii and R. a. aurora , respectively, with Red legged Frog accordingly applying to that species as a whole. Analysis of mtDNA cytochrome b cytochrome b DNA sequence sequence data points to their being two distinct species however. ref Shaffer et al. 2004 ref See also Cryptic species complex gallery Image Rana aurora.jpg California Red legged Frog br R. draytonii Image Ranaaurorawilliamflaxington.jpeg Northern Red legged Frog br R. aurora gallery Footnotes Reflist References aut Shaffer, H. Bradley Fellers, G.M. Voss, Randal Olive, S.J.C. & Pauly, Gregory B. 2004 Species boundaries, phylogeography and conservation genetics of the red legged frog Rana aurora draytonii complex. Molecular Ecology 13 9 2667 2677. small doi 10.1111 j.1365 294X.2004.02285 small DOI does not work 2008 JUL 07 http www.werc.usgs.gov pt reyes pdfs RLF 20taxonomy 20 20Aug 202004.pdf PDF fulltext dab Category Rana ... more details
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