For Wikipedia s PeerReview area Wikipedia Peerreview Other uses Merge from Open peerreview date August 2010 Merge from Independent review date August 2010 mergefrom Peerreview failure discuss Talk Peerreview failure Merger proposal date March 2011 multiple issues refimprove July 2009 lead too short April 2010 jargon October 2010 restructure October 2010 Peerreview is a generic term for a process ... the relevant Field of study field . Peerreview methods are employed to maintain standards, improve ... . Terminology The process and content of peerreview may vary substantially depending on the profession and the purpose of the review. The key elements Peer and Review define and describe the term ... review Thefreedictionary.com ref Peerreview can be categorized by the type of activity and by the field ... are applied, they may be used inconsistently. For example, Medical Peerreview has been used to refer specifically to clinical peerreview , to the peer evaluation of clinical teaching skills for both physicians and nurses, ref http medschool.ucsf.edu academy pdfs Clinical PeerReview Literature Excerpts.pdf ... M, Roche M title Documenting the scholarship of clinical teaching through peerreview journal Nurse ... 00008 pmid 9934106 ref to scientific peerreview of journal articles, and to the secondary rating ..., Cotoi C, Holland J, et al. title Second order peerreview of the medical literature for clinical practitioners ... 16622142 ref Moreover, medical peerreview has been used by the American Medical Association to refer ... as a database search term. Professional peerreview Professional peerreview focuses on the performance .... Professional peerreview activity is widespread in the field of health care, where it is best termed Clinical peerreview . ref cite journal author Dans PE title Clinical peerreview burnishing ... content 118 7 566.full.pdf html pmid 8442628 ref Further, since peerreview activity is commonly segmented by clinical discipline, there is also physician peerreview , nursing peerreview ... more details
selfref For Wikipedia s peerreview, see Wikipedia Peerreview . Peerreview may refer to Peerreview , the scholarly process of screening papers or grant applications Clinical peerreview , the process by which health care professionals evaluate each other s clinical performance Physician peerreview , the process by which physicians evaluate each other to promote better quality of care Clinical audit , a systematic review of healthcare against an explicit standard Medical peerreview , the process of refereeing healthcare practitioner decisions PeerReview magazine , an academic magazine Sham peerreview , the process of pseudo review done for political purposes, often in healthcare Software peerreview in software development Technical peerreview in systems engineering More at Category Peerreview See also Performance appraisal in the workplace disambig ... more details
See also PeerreviewPeerReview is a quarterly magazine published by the Association of American Colleges and Universities ref http www.aacu.org peerreview PeerReview Association of American Colleges and Universities ref that reports emerging trends and key debates in undergraduate liberal education . First published early in 2000, the magazine is edited by Shelley Johnson Carey with an Advisory Board of nineteen members, all academics. On its web site the publisher claims a magazine readership in excess of 6,000. References reflist Category Education magazines Category Peerreview trade mag stub ... more details
In engineering , technical peerreview is a type of engineering review. Technical peer reviews are a well defined review process for finding and fixing defects, conducted by a team of peers with assigned roles. Technical peer reviews are carried out by peers representing areas of life cycle affected by material being reviewed usually limited to 6 or fewer people . Technical peer reviews are held within ... A technical peerreview may also be called a engineering peerreview , a product peerreview , a peerreview inspection or an inspection. Overview The purpose of technical peer reviews is to remove defects ... for conducting the technical peerreview process and collecting inspection data. Plays key role in all stages of the technical peerreview process except rework. Required to perform several duties during a technical peerreview in addition to inspector s tasks. Inspectors Responsible for finding ... bring objectivity and a fresh viewpoint to the technical peerreview team. Each inspector is invited to disclose vested interests to the rest of the technical peerreview panel so the Moderator can exercise ... reviewPeer reviews are distinct from management review s, which are conducted by management representatives ..., or other criteria. A software peerreview is a type of technical peerreview. The IEEE defines ... in the conduct of a peerreview. This is especially true of line managers of the author or other participants in the review. A policy of encouraging management to stay out of peer reviews encourages the peerreview team to concentrate on the product being reviewed and not on the people or personalities ... Technical PeerReview Category Engineering concepts Category Systems engineering Category Peer ... and design documents, test plans and procedures, software code, etc. , technical peer reviews ... peer reviews e.g., by improving team communication, integrating the viewpoints of various ... members about effective development practices . In CMMI , peer reviews are used as a principle ... more details
Interdisciplinary PeerReview IPR is a specific term applied to a peerreview process with an additional ... and Interdisciplinarity In Peer Commentary on PeerReview A case study in scientific quality control, Stevan R. Harnard p. 15 begins to touch on the concept by asking how well does the review ... PeerReview and Interdisciplinarity is that the peer group in Interdisciplinary PeerReview crosses social, economic, and educational groups. Access to the review process allows greater inputfrom a wider array or potential researchers. Interdisciplinary PeerReview Via Social Networking Interdisciplinary PeerReview via Social Networking The nature and ease of social networking sites makes Interdisciplinary PeerReview a reality. The issue becomes the informality of the review. Surprisingly in Encouraging Formative PeerReview Via Social Networking Sites, Bassford E.67 finds that a high ... PeerReview is truly an ongoing or second Interdisciplinary PeerReview. Interdisiplinary PeerReview is a continual process of review. If publication is instant, the accuracy becomes open to scrutiny. The level of accuracy potentially becomes more variable as the non peer group dissemination increases. References Harnad, Steven. Peer Commentary on PeerReview, A Case Study in Scientific Quality ... and Theory with Open Peer Commentary. Cambridge University Press, Vol. 18, Issue 2, pages 227 237 Bassford, Marie. Encouraging formative peerreview via social networking sites. British Journal of Educational ......&p peer review&oid 59b2ec629cb4da26c474194553f08cf0&fr2 &no 1&tt 118000&sigr 11ld7dajh&sigi 11fkq6bb1&sigb 12gtja6da The peerreview proces Yahoo Images, Understanding Science http images.search.yahoo.com ... philosophy of science DEFAULTSORT Interdisciplinary peerreview Category Peerreview Category Scientific ... , Political Science , Engineering , and Medicine cross multiple disciplines and require review ... books?id 4uM8fjxhjqsC&printsec frontcover&dq Peer 20Reviewing 20Interdisciplinary 20Papers ... more details
In software development, peerreview is a type of software review in which a work product document, code, or other is examined by its author and one or more colleagues, in order to evaluate its technical content and quality. Purpose The purpose of a peerreview is to provide a disciplined engineering practice for detecting and correcting defects in software artifacts, and preventing their leakage into field operations according to the Capability Maturity Model . When performed as part of each Software development process activity, peer reviews identify problems that can be fixed early in the lifecycle ... 261 pages 426 isbn 0470042125 ref That is to say, a peerreview that identifies a requirements problem ... reviewPeer reviews are distinct from management review s, which are conducted by management representatives ..., or other criteria. Review processes main Software reviewPeerreview processes exist across a spectrum ... of the spectrum, and more formal approaches such as walkthrough s, technical peerreview s, and software ... in the conduct of a peerreview except when included because of specific technical expertise or when the work product under review is a management level document. This is especially true of line managers of other participants in the review. Processes for formal peer reviews, such as software inspection ... software metrics on the peerreview process. Open source reviews In the free software community free open source community , something like peerreview has taken place in the engineering and evaluation of computer software . In this context, the rationale for peerreview has its equivalent in Linus ... reviewers, all problems are easy to solve. Eric S. Raymond has written influentially about peerreview ... ref References references Category Software review Category Peerreview ... ref evaluating the effectiveness of peer reviews, finds, a favorable return on investment for software ... evaluation. They are also distinct from software audit review s, which are conducted by personnel ... more details
Multiple issues orphan January 2011 wikify January 2011 Extended peerreview is the process of including people and groups with experience beyond that of working academics in the processes of assuring the quality of research. If conducted systematically, this leads can lead to more reliable, or applicable, results than a peerreview process conducted purely by academics. References Funtowicz S 2001 Peerreview and quality control. In International Encyclopaedia of the Social and Behavioural Sciences. Oxford Elsevier, 11179 11183. Funtowicz, S.O. & Ravetz, J.R. 1990 Uncertainty and Quality in Science for Policy. Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 7 16. Uncategorized date January 2011 ... more details
Merge to Medical peerreview date November 2010 Clinical PeerReview is the process by which health care professionals evaluate each other s clinical performance. Clinical peerreview is segmented by discipline. No inter disciplinary models for clinical peerreview have been described. Physician Peer ... EM. The process of peerreview in US hospitals. http www.turner white.com memberfile.php?PubCode jcom oct09 peer.pdf Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management. 2009 Oct 16 10 461 467. ref Peerreview ... used by Dans, ref name Dans Dans P.E., Clinical peerreview burnishing a tarnished image. http www.annals.org ... PeerReview is the best term to collectively refer to all such activity. Clinical peerreview should be distinguished from the peerreview that medical journals use to evaluate the merits of a scientific manuscript, from the peerreview process used to evaluate health care research grant applications ... review are confounded in the term Medical peerreview . Moreover, Medical peerreview has been ... resources legal topics medical peer review.shtml ref Physician PeerReview Today, physician peer ... surgical centers and large group practices. The primary purpose of peerreview is to improve the quality ... participation. ref Haines S, Hospital peerreview systems An overview. Health Matrix 1984 5 2 4 30 32. ref Peerreview also supports the other processes that healthcare organizations have in place ... norms. In varying degrees, physicians having been doing peerreview for a long time. Peerreview ..., Al Khalidi U. Medical records, patients outcome, and peerreview in eleventh century Arab medicine. Annals of Saudi Medicine 1997 17 3 326 327. ref In the 1900s, peerreview methods appear to have evolved ... would guarantee payment eligibility. ref Legge D. Peerreview in the USA an historical perspective ... mode of peerreview in Europe. In the 70s, however, the widespread creation of new programs ... Professions 1994 17 1 3 21. ref ref name Berwick Berwick DM. Peerreview and quality management are they compatible ... more details
Merge to Peerreview date August 2010 Open peerreview describes a scientific literature concept and process ... anonymous peerreview process, in which non disclosure of these identities toward the public and toward the authors of the work under review is default practice. The open peerreview concept ... may be partially attributed to these phenomena. Rationale The traditional anonymous peerreview has ... of peerreview in clinical neuroscience Is agreement between reviewers any greater than would be expected ... flaws. ref http www.jisc.ac.uk uploaded documents rowland.pdf The PeerReview Process Bot generated title ref ref Cite journal author Alison McCook title Is PeerReview Broken? journal The Scientist .... The evidence of the effect of open peerreview upon the quality of reviews, the tone and the time spent on reviewing is mixed, although it does seem that under open peerreview, more of those who ... 8feca9dda2f29a07ec06f70a661120c97578c339&keytype2 tf ipsecsha Effect of open peerreview on quality ... generated title ref ref Cite journal doi 10.1192 bjp.176.1.47 title Open peerreview a randomised ... A number of reputable medical publishers have trialed the Open PeerReview concept, with many organizations ... title ref launched using open peerreview. ref http www jime.open.ac.uk about.html lifecycle About ... peerreview system, revealing reviewers identities to the authors but not the readers , ref http www.bmj.com cgi content full 318 7175 4 Opening up BMJ peerreview Smith 318 7175 4 BMJ Bot generated title ... info authors bmcseries BMC series ref published by BioMed Central , launched using open peerreview. As with the British Medical Journal BMJ , the reviewers names are included on the peerreview reports ... BMJ Group website BMJ Group website Bot generated title ref allow optional open peerreview, ref http ard.bmj.com ifora peer rev.dtl Peerreview at ARD Bot generated title ref ref http jme.bmj.com ifora peer rev.dtl Peerreview at JME Bot generated title ref ref http emj.bmj.com ifora peer ... more details
About the review of scholarly papers in refereed journals Peerreview a more in depth assessment of Physician, External and Nursing peerreview, and the history of peerreview Clinical peerreview Medical peerreview is the process by which a committee of physicians examines the work of a peer and determines ... services. Depending on the specific institution, a medical peerreview may be initiated at the request of a patient , a physician , or an insurance carrier. The term peerreview is sometimes used synonymously with performance appraisal . The first documented description of a peerreview process is found ... describes the first medical peerreview process. His work, as well as later Arabic medical manuals ... of the peerreview process , Trends in Biotechnology 20 8 , p. 357 358 357 . ref The definition of a peerreview body can be broad, including not only individuals but also for example, in Oregon ... Association of Hospital and Health Systems ref Overview The objective of a medical peerreview committee ... may also be investigated. If a medical peerreview committee finds that a physician has departed ... professions, peerreview applies professional control to practice, and is used by professionals to hold themselves accountable for their services to the public and the organization. Peerreview plays ... autonomy. The American Nurses Association guidelines on peerreview define peerreview as the process ... peerreview system is a quasi judicial one, similar in some ways to the grand jury petit jury ... 7 ref in order to act in parallel with peerreview boards, using root cause analysis and evaluation ... peerreview Medical audit, which remains the predominant mode of peerreview in Europe, is a focused ... for an organized system of Quality Assurance QA . Thus the objective of a medical peerreview committee ... many criticisms, ref name Dans Dans P.E., Clinical peerreview burnishing a tarnished image. http www.annals.org ... 1994 17 1 3 21. ref ref name Berwick Berwick DM. Peerreview and quality management are they compatible ... more details
mergeto Peerreview discuss Talk Peerreview failure Merger proposal date March 2011 Peerreview failures occur when a peer reviewed article contains obvious fundamental errors that undermines at least one of its main conclusions. Peerreview is not considered a failure in cases of deliberate fraud by authors. Letters to the editor that correct major errors in articles are a common indication of peerreview failures. Many journals have no procedure to deal with peerreview failures beyond publishing letters. ref cite web title Reviewing the Letter to editor section in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 2000 2004 author Afifi, M publisher Bulletin of the World Health Organization url http www.who.int bulletin bulletin board 84 letters en index.html ref Some do not even publish letters. The author of a disputed article is allowed a published reply to a critical letter. Neither the letter nor the reply is usually peer reviewed, and typically the author rebuts the criticisms. Thus, the readers are left to decide for themselves if there was a peerreview failure. Peerreview, in scientific journal s, assumes that the article reviewed has been honestly written, and the process is not designed to detect fraud. The reviewers usually do not have full access to the data from which the paper has been written and some elements have to be taken on trust. It is not usually practical for the reviewer to reproduce the author s work, unless the paper deals with purely theoretical problems which the reviewer can follow in a step by step manner. Peerreview and plagiarism A few cases of plagiarism by historians have been widely publicized. ref http hnn.us articles 1081.html Historians on the Hot Seat ref A poll of 3,247 scientists funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health ... Category Scientific method Category Academic literature Category Peerreview .... Autoplagiarism is against the rules of most peer reviewed journals, which usually require that only ... more details
Sham peerreview or malicious peerreview is a name given to the abuse of a medical peerreview process ... viewarticle 515862 author Roland Chalifoux, Jr title So What Is a Sham PeerReview? pmid 16614669 pmc 1681729 ref The American Medical Association conducted an investigation of medical peerreview in 2007 and concluded that while it is easy to allege misconduct, proven cases of malicious peerreview ... peerreview Those who maintain that sham peerreview is a pervasive problem suggest that the Healthcare ... extends to investigative activities as well as to any associated peerreview hearing, whether or not it leads to a disciplinary or other action. The definition of a peerreview body can be broad ... to prove that the peerreview to which they were subject was in fact carried out for improper purposes ... that a peerreview can be found in court to have been improper due to bad faith or malice, in which ... Faith PeerReview Is It a SLAPP? author Greg Abrams, Esq. url http www.ssvms.org ssv medicine archives 2006 03 toc.asp ref Those who practice sham peerreview could draw out the process by legal maneuvering, and the fairness of a peerreview that has been unduly delayed has been called into question. Many medical staff laws specify guidelines for the timeliness of peerreview, in compliance with JCAHO standards. The medical peerreview process main Medical peerreview The medical peerreview system ... for due process in the peerreview process . Once the physician has been indicted and sanctioned ... medical staff bodies utilize the hospital attorney and accept hospital funds to try peerreview cases ... Staff Purple fingers, Purple toes ref Cases of alleged sham peerreview Some physicians allege that sham peerreview is routinely conducted in retaliation for whistleblowing , although a study .... The court ruled that the hearing officer in the case could indeed terminate the physician s peerreview ... physician was brought into a peerreview hearing at another facility a short time later. The hearing ... more details
Politics of the African Union mini The African PeerReview Mechanism APRM is a mutually agreed instrument ... states to establish an African PeerReview Mechanism APRM to promote adherence to and fulfilment of its commitments. The Durban summit adopted a document setting out the stages of peerreview and the principles ... good governance is a part and peerreview is a part of that , reporting by AFP, November 20 ... peerreview The Namibian , 20 November 2002. ref In a public letter Mbeki denied the charges and stated ... mechanisms of preparing for peerreview and hosting the country review team during the review visit ... develop, co ordinate and implement the in country mechanisms of preparing for peerreview and hosting ... Gruzd, Steven 29 June 2009 http allafrica.com stories 200906291358.html Africa The African PeerReview ... An Analysis of the Implementation of the African PeerReview Mechanism in Ghana, Kenya and Mauritius ... of the African PeerReview Mechanism Process in Rwanda Report by Ligue des Droits de la Personne dans ... Civil Society and the African PeerReview Mechanism Partnership Africa Canada, October 2005 ... effective stakeholder participation in the African PeerReview Mechanism , UNECA, 2005 http afraf.oxfordjournals.org ... for the African PeerReview Mechanism Eduard Jordaan, African Affairs , April 2006 http www.undp.org ... AfriMAP APRM Mauritius EN.pdf The African PeerReview Mechanism in Mauritius Lessons from Phase I ... 8 WG.2 TF CRP5.doc Further analysis of the African PeerReview Mechanism and the ECA OECD DAC Mutual ... 802 the african peerreview mechanism lessons from the pioneers&catid 3 books&Itemid 137 The African PeerReview Mechanism Lessons from the Pioneers , Ross Herbert and Steven Gruzd, South African Institute ... the African PeerReview Mechanism s Programmes of Action , Faten Aggad, SAIIA, June 2008 http www.saiia.org.za ... Planning, Process and Politics. A Practical Handbook for PeerReview Research , George Katito, SAIIA ... PeerReview Process in Nigeria , Adele Jinadu, AfriMAP, August 2008 http www.afrimap.org english images ... more details
Merge from Richard Sternberg discuss Talk Sternberg peerreview controversy Merger proposal date January 2011 The Sternberg peerreview controversy concerns the conflict arising from the publication of an article ... it was properly peerreview ed. One of the primary criticisms of the intelligent design movement is that there are no research papers supporting their positions in peer reviewed scientific journal ... Flip flops As Controversy Over Peer Reviewed Article Continues Darwinists Like PeerReview Except ... 2010 04 23 ref The peerreview process Sternberg insists the paper was properly peer reviewed, and rejects ... would have been better qualified to peerreview the paper at that time the Society had three ... it should be published. Thus, Sternberg s decision to publish the paper without the normal peerreview ... followed the standard practice for peerreview quotation Three reviewers responded and were willing ... Areas evolution issues peerreview.shtml Intelligent Design and PeerReview ref ISCID is affiliated with the Discovery ... and critical of standard peerreview processes as they bear on the scientific assessment of the intelligent ... issues peerreview.shtml Intelligent Design and PeerReview American Association for the Advancement ... for ensuring proper peerreview and editing of his last issue, and that he decided it was appropriate ... the peerreview controversy became public, Sternberg filed a religious discrimination complaint against ... PeerReview Controversy Category Intelligent design controversies Category Discovery Institute campaigns Category Smithsonian Institution Category Peerreview ... is the complete absence of peer reviewed publications supporting the theory...The evidence presented in this case demonstrates that ID is not supported by any peer reviewed research, data or publications ... The origin of biological information and the higher taxonomic categories , appeared in the peer reviewed ... the editor, Richard Sternberg , went outside the usual review procedures to allow Meyer s article ... more details
peerreview requirements before the agencies publicly disseminate certain scientific information. These requirements were published in a PeerReview Bulletin ref http www.whitehouse.gov omb fedreg reproducible2.pdf Federal Register Notice text of PeerReview Bulletin ref issued by the White ... when peerreview is required and, if required, what type of per review processes are appropriate. Bulletin OMB s peerreview bulletin requires that US federal regulatory agencies submit all influential scientific information to peerreview before the information is publicly disseminated. The Bulletin ... the peerreview Bulletin pursuant to OMB s authority under the DQA. The peerreview Bulletin provides detailed guidelines for peerreview of influential scientific information. The Bulletin applies more stringent peerreview requirements to highly influential scientific assessments, which ... information. Comparison The peerreview Bulletin s specific guidelines differ in several respects from traditional peerreview practices at most journals. For example, the Bulletin requires public disclosure of peer reviewers identities when they are reviewing highly influential scientific assessments ... conducting a peerreview of a highly influential scientific assessment must ensure that the peerreview process is transparent by making available to the public the written charge to the peer reviewers, the peer reviewers names, the peer reviewers report s , and the agency s response to the peer reviewers ... scientific journal as well the variations and limitations with peerreview Publication in a refereed scientific journal may mean that adequate peerreview has been performed. However, the intensity of peerreview is highly variable across journals. There will be cases in which an agency determines .... As such, prior peerreview and publication is not by itself sufficient grounds for determining ... and Budget Category Peerreview ... more details
wiktionarypar peerPeer may refer to People who are equal in such respects as age, education or social class, as in peer group A member of the peerage disambiguation peerage , a system of honours or nobility in various countries A variant of Peter name in Scandinavic and Dutch languages Partnership for European Environmental Research , a network of seven large European environmental research centres Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility , an organization of anonymous public employees promoting environmental responsibility Partnership for Economics Education and Research Peer, Belgium Peer Gynt , a play and character by Henrik Ibsen PeerMade.info , an organization in India working on Nature Conservation Peer group , a member of a group of people of the same age, status, ability, etc. Peer Leadership Program , an organization that promotes team building and easing school transitions Peer to peer computer network, a participant of , in which participants act as both client and server a network entity with which one performs peering operations Shahar Pe er , an Israeli professional tennis player See also Pier disambiguation Pir disambiguation disambig cs Peer de Peer ko nl Peer ja pl BitTorrent Podstawowe poj cia simple Peer sv Peer olika betydelser ... more details
Distinguish point to point About peer to peer computing moreref date September 2010 Cleanup date June 2009 Image P2P network.svg thumb 200px A peer to peer system of nodes without central infrastructure. Image Server based network.svg thumb 200px Centralized server based service model. Peer to peer P2P ... to form a peer to peer network of nodes. Peers make a portion of their resources, such as processing ... of Peer to Peer Networking for the Classification of Peer to Peer Architectures and Applications , Proceedings of the First International Conference on Peer to Peer Computing, IEEE 2002 . ref ... where only servers supply, and clients consume. The peer to peer application structure was popularized ... philosophies in many areas of human interaction . Peer to peer networking is not restricted to technology, but covers also social processes with a peer to peer dynamic. In such context, social peer to peer processes are currently emerging throughout society . Architecture of P2P systems Peer to peer ... or physical network topology. Such overlays are used for indexing and peer discovery and make ... over the underlying Internet Protocol IP network. Anonymous P2P Anonymous peer to peer systems are an exception ... of queries. In structured peer to peer networks, peers and, sometimes, resources are organized following .... They typically use distributed hash table based DHT indexing, such as in the Chord peer to peer ... url http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 873218 title A Study of Discovery Mechanisms for Peer to Peer Application ref Unstructured peer to peer networks do not provide any algorithm for organization ... of unstructured architecture are defined. In pure peer to peer systems the entire network consists ... nodes with any special infrastructure function. Hybrid peer to peer systems allow such infrastructure ... a super peer network , Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Data Engineering 2003 . ref In centralized peer to peer systems, a central server is used for indexing functions and to bootstrap ... more details
wiktionarypar peer to peerPeer to peer may refer to Peer to peer , a distributed computing architecture Anonymous P2P systems in which participants remain anonymous Chord peer to peer the peer to peer technology and project developed at MIT IBM Advanced Peer to Peer Networking Denial of service attack Peer to peer attacks Peer to peer attacks in Denial of service attack Peer to peer file sharing Peer to peer video sharing http www.p2p network.net P2P Network , the Internet Relay Chat IRC instant messaging multi purpose communication network P2P Next , the European Union Framework 7 peer to peer digital media network Peer to Peer Protocol P2PP Peer to Peer Remote Copy , an IBM technology for distributed storage replication Peer to peer SIP a Voice over Internet Protocol communications architecture Peer to peer wiki Private peer to peer Short message peer to peer protocol Turtle peer to peer network see Turtle F2F Social peer to peer processes , a social structuring of communities based on equipotency of participants to achieve a common good Peer to peer banking , an online system that allows members to complete financial transactions with one another Peer to peer lending Peer to peer renting Social software Peer to peer social networks Peer to peer social networks in Social software Peer to peer support See also P2P disambiguation disambig ... more details
Peer to peer P2P is not restricted to technology, but covers every social process with a peer to peer dynamic, whether these peers are humans or computers. Peer to peer as a term originated from the popular ... and centralization centralized social structures. Peer to peer is also a political and social program for those who believe that in many cases, peer to peer modes are a preferable option. Definition ... peer production the collaborative production of use value is open to participation and use to the widest ... peer governance production or project is governed by the community of producers themselves, not by market allocation or corporate hierarchy peer property the use value of property is freely accessible on a universal basis peer services and products are distributed through new modes of property, which ... Commons licenses . Peer production does not produce commodities for exchange value, and does ... of its producers and users and the whole of humankind. Unlike private property , peer property .... Infrastructure for social P2P processes The first requirement to facilitate the emergence of peer to peer processes is the existence of a technological infrastructure that enables distributed ... news url http www.ctheory.net articles.aspx?id 499 title The Political Economy of Peer Production ... sphere. On the one hand, as format for peer production processes, it is emerging as a third mode ..., or managerial commands, but instead uses social relations . Peer production is a significant part of the mainstream .... P2P is dependent on the market and the market is dependent on P2P. Peer production produces .... Participants cannot live from peer production, though they derive meaning and value from it. ref ... of peer production s governance. The support given by major IT companies to open source development ... within and without the enterprise. ref name Ctheory Peer to peer systems contribute to more specific ... generations . P2P economic system In The Political Economy of Peer Production Bauwens regards P2P phenomena ... more details
Peer to peer wiki is a Server computing server less system that allows Wiki wiki sites to be shared between Peer to peer peers . It is based on a peer to peer version control system , which takes care of sharing, transmitting the updates, and storing the history of pages. The first P2P wiki system was designed and implemented by Reliable Software as part of their P2P version control system, Code Co op . Architecture Rather than using an internet server, a P2P wiki site is stored directly on each user s computer as a collection of wiki files. This forbids write locks on files designed to maintain file consistency during contention for writing. Many people can read a file even while it is being written they may be reading different versions of the same file. However, if more than one person can write a file at any given time, and they are working from different versions, then a wiki file stored on many servers can be structurally inconsistent the data being written can only have one length. Wikipedia itself solves this problem by letting one editor, the latest, edit the former submission. Viewer A special viewer is used to display local wiki files in the form of web pages. The viewer also takes care of resolving wiki links. When the user clicks on a wiki link, the wiki page to which the link points to is loaded into the viewer and displayed. If the page doesn t exist, a new page is created and the user may start editing it with a text editor. What if the page exists on some other site? Should the viewer look for it on a central site? Version control system A P2P wiki site is shared with peers using a P2P version control system. Such system can replicate the wiki site on multiple computers. The peers collaborate on the development of the site by modifying wiki files and checking them into the version controlled project. The version control system then takes care of distributing ... NewReviews codecoop.aspx Larkware News review of Code Co op http concerto.xwiki.com Research on P2P ... more details
Cleanup date August 2008 Peer to peer renting refers to the process of an individual renting an owned good to another individual. It is also referred to as peer rental, or P2P renting. The term is mainly used to describe online enabled rental transactions between individuals. Individuals have been renting from each other for decades, in particular in the real estate domain. However, with Internet acting as a facilitator, the extent of categories of goods rented between individuals has significantly increased, including household items, computer and electronics, sport and leisure goods, clothing and accessories... The term Peer to peer renting is inspired from the computer networking term Peer to peer , which allows cumulative network bandwidth through direct and multiple connectivity between users. With the development of the Internet on one hand and of the Social Networks on the other hand, online tools and services tend to have more and more usability and impact in the actual world. Peer to peer lending , Peer to Peer Banking and Peer to peer renting are three examples of actual transactions between individuals, enabled and empowered by virtual services. Peer to peer renting services and Platforms are usually online marketplaces connecting individuals and enabling rental transactions between them. Peer to peer marketplaces are an evolution from the traditional Business to business marketplaces also referred as B2B , and Business to consumer marketplaces also referred as B2C ... business, but does not allow Peer to peer renting transactions. Peer to peer renting services and Platforms .... Peer to peer renting services and Platforms are often referred to as http www.ebay.com Ebay for rentals ... consumption Consumer to consumer Marketplace Peer to peerPeer to peer lending Peer to Peer Banking Social peer to peer processes External links http www.boston.com bostonglobe ideas articles 2010 ... mashable.com 2007 11 06 zilok Mashable explains the Peer to peer Renting service zilok.com http siliconvalley.internet.com ... more details
mergeto Person to person lending discuss Talk Person to person lending Merger proposal date August 2009 Peer to peer banking is an online system that allows individual members to complete financial Database transaction transaction s with one another by using an auction style process that lets members offer loan s for a specific amount and at a specific rate. Buyers have the option to look for an amount and rate of interest that meets their needs. All members are categorized by their risk level. Members can browse for other people based on various demographic information. Since P2P banking does not use third party banking institution intermediaries the rates and terms are often much more favourable for the members. Unlike conventional banking where the spread between deposit rates and lending rates are consumed to finance the bank s administrative and logistic expenses, both lenders and borrowers get to save such costs, while paying certain commission to the P2P portal provider and or the credit rating agency . The following two pictures show the difference between the peer to peer banking approach and the normal way with a financial institute. gallery File Traditional banking model simplified.png Traditional banking model simplified File Peer to peer banking simplified.png Peer to peer banking model simplified gallery See also Person to person lending Peer to peer Peer to peer renting Social peer to peer processes References http www.p2p banking.com P2P Banking.com, industry news DEFAULTSORT Peer To Peer Banking Category Banking ... more details
Peer to peer web hosting refers to the concept of using peer to peer networking to distribute access to webpage s. This is differentiated from the client server model which involves the distribution of Web data between dedicated web server s and user end client computers. P2P web hosting may take the form of P2P web cache s and Content delivery network s like Dijjer and Coral Cache which allow users to hold copies of data from single web pages and distribute the caches with other users for faster access during peak traffic. See also Opera web browser Opera Unite Opera Unite Freesite s on Freenet YouServ cloud computing File sharing protocols Category File sharing Category Peer to peer computing Category Web hosting ... more details
Filesharing Private peer to peer P2P systems are peer to peer P2P systems that allow only mutually trusted peers to participate. This can be achieved by using a central server such as a Direct Connect file sharing Hubs Direct Connect hub to authenticate clients. Alternatively, users can exchange password s or key cryptography cryptographic keys with friends to form a decentralized network. Private peer to peer systems can be divided into friend to friend F2F and group based systems. Friend to friend systems only allow connections between users who know one another. Group based systems allow any user to connect to any other, and thus they cannot grow in size without compromising their users privacy. Some software, such as WASTE , can be configured to create either group based or F2F networks. See also Darknet file sharing LAN messenger Software Aimster early P2P software that used a buddy list to restrict sharing Direct Connect file sharing Direct Connect file sharing and chat using private hubs ExoSee a private community oriented file sharing program Filenger personal file sharing software using POP3 SMTP protocols GigaTribe A private community oriented file sharing program Microsoft Office Groove Groove corporate groupware based on P2P technology n2n peer to peer VPN software LanShark Free filesharing P2P tool for local area networks p300 a P2P utility to chat and share directories with other hosts on a local area network PowerFolder private file synchronization and sharing via the Internet or local area network s TinTin instant messaging and file sharing over private connections using the MudMaster Chat Protocol. TudZu a private and secured P2P file sharing program Turtle F2F instant messaging and file sharing with private connections only Retroshare a private F2F system ... completely A survey of private peer to peer networks. SPACE 2007 workshop, July 2007. DEFAULTSORT Private Peer To Peer Category File sharing es P2P Privado fr P2P priv no Privat P2P ... more details
. D. A., & Tebes. J. K. 1999 . Peer support among individuals with severe mental illness A review ...Peer support occurs when people provide knowledge, experience, emotional, social or practical help to each ..., Peer Support A Theoretical Perspective. ref It commonly refers to an initiative consisting of trained supporters, and can take a number of forms such as Peer mentoring , listening, or counseling . Peer support is also used to refer to initiatives where colleagues, members of self help organizations and others meet as equals to give each other support on a reciprocal basis. Peer in this case ... is one of equality. A peer has been there, done that and can relate to others who are now in a similar situation. Trained peer support specialist peer support workers are required to obtain Continuing Education Units, like all other clinical staff. Underlying theory The effectiveness of peer ... pdfs Peer Reviewed Publications Peer Support Peer Provider Services.pdf Phyllis Solomon, Peer support peer provided services underlying processes, benefits, and critical ingredients. Psychiatric ... significant benefits to those who provide peer support ref Riessman, F. 1965 . The Helper therapy ..., and others. ref From Salzer and Shear, S. L. 2002 , p. 282. ref Peer support in schools and education Peer mentoring main Peer mentoring Peer mentoring takes place in learning environments such as schools ... a Peer Support program in a P 6 School, Scotch College Junior School, Melbourne Australia, June 2008. ref Peer mentors appear mainly in secondary school s where students moving up from primary ... life. Peer mentoring is also used in the workplace as a means of orienting new employees. New employees who are paired with a peer mentor are twice as likely to remain in their job than those who ... 2005 location San Francisco page 117 isbn 978 1 57675 327 9 ref Peer listening This form of peer support is widely used within schools. ref Helen Cowie, Patti Wallace, Peer Support in Action From Bystanding ... more details
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