Refimprove date February 2011 Patriation is a non legal term used in Canada to describe a process of constitution al change also known as homecoming of the constitution. Up until 1982, Canada was governed by a constitution that was a British law and could be changed only by an Act of the British Parliament. Patriation thus specifically refers to making the constitution amendable by Canada only, with no role for the Parliament of the United Kingdom to play in the amending process. Hence, patriation is associated with the adoption of the Amendments to the Constitution of Canada Canadian amending formula , and the corresponding acquisition of full sovereignty . The word patriation was invented in Canada and based upon the word repatriation , which means to return to one s country. As the Canadian Constitution was originally a British law, it could not return to Canada. ref Hogg, Peter W. Constitutional ... Quebec s endorsement, the patriation attempt failed. In 1968, Pearson was succeeded by Pierre Trudeau , who also advocated patriation. He made several attempts, including the Victoria Charter in 1971 and more proposed amendments in 1978. Patriation achieved Image Chretientrudeau.jpg 250px right thumb Pierre Trudeau L and Jean Chr tien R at one session of the 1981 Constitutional talks. Patriation ... the case for patriation straight to the Parliament of the United Kingdom British parliament without ... 25 August 2010 ref Still, the case went to the Supreme Court of Canada . The Patriation Reference Main Patriation Reference The court ruled for the first time, on live television that the federal government had the right, by letter of the law, to proceed with the unilateral patriation of the Constitution ... patriation was not in accordance with constitutional convention. Although the courts enforce laws ..., but they were legal Trudeau, in his memoirs, paraphrased the court as saying that patriation ... hu Patriation ... more details
Reference re a Resolution to amend the Constitution , 1981 1 S.C.R. 753 &ndash also known as the Patriation Reference &ndash is a historic Supreme Court of Canada Reference question reference case that occurred during negotiations for the patriation of the Constitution of Canada . The Court affirmed the existence of an unwritten dimension to the Constitution and the majority held that by Constitutional convention political custom constitutional convention , amendments to the Constitution require a substantial degree of provincial consent. However, a differently constituted majority of the court held that there was no legal barrier to the federal government seeking a constitutional amendment without any provincial consent. Background Under Pierre Elliot Trudeau , the federal government of Canada sought to patriate the Constitution. Specifically, the aim of the government was to make a request to the United Kingdom Parliament then the only body with the appropriate legal authority to amend the British North America Act , adding to it a domestic amendment formula permitting Canada to henceforth modify the Constitution itself and entrenching the Charter of Rights and Freedoms . Canada would have its own constitution, with a procedure for making future amendments to it, and with a Charter of Rights. ref Lorimer, James Introduction , The Supreme Court Decisions on the Canadian Constitution , 1981, pp. vii. ref Eight Canadian provinces eventually came to oppose the government s plan. Three provincial governments Newfoundland, Quebec, and Manitoba asked for rulings from their provincial Courts of Appeal on the constitutionality of the federal government s proposed plan. ref Lorimer, James Introduction , The Supreme Court Decisions on the Canadian Constitution , 1981, pp. vii. ref Among their other reasons for opposing the plan to patriate the Constitution, these three provinces ... 1981 in case law Category 1981 in Canada canada law stub hu Patriation Reference ... more details
The Newfoundland Act was an Act of Parliament Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that confirmed and gave effect to the Terms of Union agreed to between the then separate British Dominions Dominions of Canada and Dominion of Newfoundland Newfoundland on March 23, 1949. It was originally titled the British North America Acts British North America Act.2C 1949 British North America Act 1949 , but was renamed in Canada on the patriation of the Canadian Constitution from the United Kingdom in 1982 . External links http www.solon.org Constitutions Canada English nfa.html Newfoundland Act text UK SLD 1095791 British North America Act 1949 c.22 Category Acts of the United Kingdom Parliament involving Canada Category Constitution of Canada Category History of Newfoundland and Labrador Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1949 Category Legal history of Canada Category 1949 in Canada Category 1949 in international relations pl Akt nowofundlandzki pt Ato de Terra Nova ... more details
Quebec Veto Reference Reference re Amendment to the Canadian Constitution 1982 2 S.C.R. 793 is a Supreme Court of Canada opinion on whether there is a Constitutional convention political custom constitutional convention giving the province of Quebec a veto over Amendments to the Constitution of Canada . The issue arose during patriation debates, after the Supreme Court ruled in the Patriation Reference that there is a constitutional convention requiring a substantial degree of provincial consent for amendments to the Constitution of Canada . In November 1981, the Government of Quebec ordered that a Reference question reference be taken in the Quebec Court of Appeal, asking whether the consent of the Province of Quebec is required, by constitutional convention, for constitutional amendments affecting the legislative competence of the Quebec legislature, or the status or role of Quebec s government or legislature. On April 7, 1982, the Quebec Court of Appeal answered in the negative. By that time, the Canada Act 1982 had already been passed by the UK Parliament, though not proclaimed in force. On April 13, 1982, the Attorney General of Quebec appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada, but on April 17, 1982, the Canada Act 1982 was proclaimed in force by Monarchy in Canada the Queen . In June 1982 the Supreme Court heard the appeal. On December 6, 1982, the Supreme Court rendered judgement, upholding the opinion of the Quebec Court of Appeal that Quebec did not have a veto by constitutional convention. External links http www.uni.ca library patriation.html Text of the decision http www.parl.gc.ca information library PRBpubs bp295 e.htm Library of Parliament research report Category Supreme Court of Canada cases Category Canadian constitutional case law Category Supreme Court of Canada case articles without infoboxes ... more details
Jean Casselman Wadds , Order of Canada OC born September 16, 1920 in Newton Robinson, Ontario is a former Canada Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district Canada electoral district of Grenville Dundas from 1958 to 1968. She sat as a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada Progressive Conservative Party . She was the daughter of William Earl Rowe Wadds and Rowe are, to date, the only father and daughter to sit as Member of Parliament MP s in the same session of Parliament. In 1946, she married Arza Clair Casselman , who represented Grenville Dundas in the House of Commons until his death in 1958, and she was elected to the same seat later that year. Wadds served as parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Health Canada Minister of Health and Welfare in 1962 and 1963. She was the first woman to serve as a parliamentary secretary in the Canadian government. In 1979, Wadds was appointed Canada s List of Canadian High Commissioners to the United Kingdom High Commissioner to the United Kingdom . She served in this capacity until 1983. During this time, the Patriation Canadian Constitution was patriated . Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau was to say of her blockquote I always said it was thanks to three women that we were eventually able to reform our Constitution. Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom The Queen , who was favourable, Margaret Thatcher , who undertook to do everything that our Parliament asked of her, and Jean Wadds, who represented the interests of Canada so well in London. ref cite book last Trudeau first Pierre Elliott title Memoirs publisher McLelland & Stewart year 1993 isbn 0771085885 url http books.google.com books?id ZtMUAAAAYAAJ&q memoirs trudeau&dq memoirs trudeau&pgis 1 accessdate 2008 10 12 ref blockquote In 1982, she was made an Officer of the Order of Canada for carrying out her duties with great competence and conscientiousness, particularly during the period of the patriation of the Constitution . ref http archive ... more details
The Night of the Long Knives was the purge of Adolf Hitler s political opponents in Nazi Germany in 1934. Night of the Long Knives may also refer to Night of the Long Knives Arthurian , the massacre of British chieftains by Saxons at peace negotiations ca. AD 460 Night of the Long Knives 1962 , British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan s dismissal of seven members of his cabinet Night of the Long Knives, the Alexander Burnes First Afghan War assassination of Alexander Burnes in November 1841 in Kabul, Afghanistan Night of the Long Knives, Patriation The Kitchen Accord the Kitchen Accord in 1981 in Canada Night of the Long Knives, a song from the 1981 in heavy metal music 1981 album For Those About to Rock We Salute You For Those About to Rock We Salute You , by Australia n Rock music rock Rock band band AC DC . Night of the Long Knives, episode 14 of the 1966 67 Television series The Time Tunnel , featuring the prospect of an uprising on the India and Afghan border in 1886 at the time of Rudyard Kipling . Night of the Long Knives, a night stage in the Monte Carlo Rally Col de Turini Monte Carlo Rally over the Col de Turini . Category Quebec political phrases disambig fr Nuit des Longs Couteaux homonymie vi m c a nh ng con dao d i nh h ng zh ... more details
Supreme Court of Canada sidebar The Supreme Court Act is an Act passed by the Parliament of Canada which established the Supreme Court of Canada . It was originally passed in 1875 as the Supreme and Exchequer Courts Act . At the time, the Supreme Court was not the supreme authority on Canadian law, as Supreme Court cases could still be appealed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council . The Supreme Court Act is not a part of the Constitution of Canada but rather was merely within Parliament s ability to pass by virtue of section 101 of the Constitution Act, 1867 . The Supreme Court Act also was not named as part of the Constitution during patriation in 1982, although the Court itself is mentioned in the Amendments to the Constitution of Canada amending formula . As the Court is defined in a regular statute , in theory, the Court could be abolished by an act of the federal government. However, in practice, the Court is so well entrenched into the fabric of the government that jurists see the abolition of the Court to be extremely unlikely. Section 53 Section 53 give the government the ability to submit Reference question s. This has been controversial as the Constitution Act, 1867 provides for a general court of appeal, but not for a court that may receive reference questions however, this provision has been upheld as constitutional. ref name 1998 2 S.C.R. 217 http www.canlii.org en ca scc doc 1998 1998canlii793 1998canlii793.html ref In Reference re Secession of Quebec , the Supreme Court examined the applicability of section 53. The Quebec government argued that the right to secede was an invalid basis for a reference question, but the Court disagreed. ref name 1998 2 S.C.R. 217 See also History of the Supreme Court of Canada Notes Reflist External links http laws.justice.gc.ca en S 26 text of the act Category Canadian federal legislation Category Supreme Court of Canada Category 1875 in Canada Category 1875 in law ... more details
John Josiah Robinette , Order of Canada CC , Order of Ontario O.Ont November 20, 1906 &ndash November 18, 1996 was a Canada Canadian lawyer who was one of Canada s premier legal authorities and litigators. Born in Toronto, Ontario , he received a B.A. in political science from the University of Toronto in 1926. He was a member of the Beta Theta Pi Beta Theta Pi fraternity . He graduated from Osgoode Hall Law School and was called to the bar in 1929. He joined the Toronto firm of McCarthy & McCarthy now McCarthy Tetrault in 1949 and stayed until his retirement in the early 90s. He became renowned as a barrister and was lead counsel in a number of prominent cases. He was lead prosecutor in the trial of Igor Gouzenko in the late 40s. In 1947, he appealed and eventually won the case of Evelyn Dick after her conviction of the murder in 1946. He was lead counsel in the Patriation Reference before the Supreme Court of Canada . Robinette was also hired by opponents of the cancelled Spadina Expressway in 1971 to make their case at the Ontario Municipal Board . He was appointed King s Counsel in 1944. From 1958 until 1962 he was treasurer of the Law Society of Upper Canada. In 1973 he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada . He served as Chancellor of Trent University from 1984 to 1987. References cite web title Oxford Cup Roll N 011 work Beta Theta Pi International Fraternity url http www.betathetapi.org news awards oxfordcup 11robinette.htm accessdate April 7, 2005 cite book author George Finlayson title John J Robinette Peerless Mentor An Appreciation publisher Dundurn Press year 2003 isbn 1 55002 463 9 cite video people Alex Chapple Director , Dennis Foon, Marjorie Freeman Campbell book date 2002 title http www.imdb.com title tt0274981 Torso The Evelyn Dick Story medium Film location Canada publisher Shaftesbury Films Inc. start box s aca succession box before Margaret Laurence title Chancellor education Chancellor of Trent University years 1984 1987 after Kenneth H ... more details
stable 137699 ref Delays in the patriation of the Canadian constitution was due in large part to the lack ... Court of Canada ruled in the Patriation Reference that provincial consent was not technically needed ... more details
Infobox Film name Trudeau image image size caption director Jerry Ciccoritti producer writer Wayne Grigsby narrator starring Colm Feore br Polly Shannon music Sandy Moore cinematography Norayr Kasper editing Dean Soltys studio Big Motion Pictures distributor released 31 March 2002 Canada runtime 208 min. country flagicon Canada Canada language English language English & French language French budget gross preceded by followed by Trudeau was a 2002 television miniseries dramatizing the life of former Prime Minister of Canada Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau . It aired on CBC Television and was written by Wayne Grigsby and directed by Jerry Ciccoritti . The miniseries was one of the highest rated Canadian television programs of the year. It won several Gemini Award s, including Best Actor, Best Writing and Best Direction. It follows Pierre Trudeau through the major events of his political mandates up to the patriation of the Canadian Constitution . A few of the major characters in the film notably Greenbaum and Duncan are fictional, or composite character s. A prequel, Trudeau II came out in 2005, examining Trudeau s early life. Cast Colm Feore Pierre Elliott Trudeau Polly Shannon Margaret Trudeau Patrick McKenna Duncan Don McKellar Greenbaum Peter Outerbridge Jim Coutts Raymond Cloutier G rard Pelletier Raymond Bouchard Jean Marchand Luc Proulx Ren L vesque R. H. Thomson Mitchell Sharp Guy Richer Jean Chr tien Jean Marchand actor Jean Marchand sup 1 sup Marc Lalonde Geraint Wyn Davies Bill Davis Eric Peterson Tommy Douglas Robert Bockstael Roy McMurtry Ron White actor Ron White James Sinclair politician James Sinclair Sara Botsford Kathleen Sinclair Michael Copeman Robert Stanfield Brian Heighton Brian Peckford Gary Levert Roy Romanow Jean Guy Moreau Jean Drapeau Stephen Morgan Bryce Mackasey William Parsons actor William Parsons Lester B. Pearson Hugh Thompson Ron Basford Karl Pruner John Turner David McIlwraith Peter Lougheed Archival footage of Joe Clark , K ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox leadership election party Liberal year 1984 logo Commented out because image was deleted Image Lib70s.PNG date June 16, 1984 location Ottawa winner John Turner replaces Pierre Trudeau numcands 7 ballots 2 entryfee spendcap A Liberal Party of Canada leadership election was called for June 16, 1984, to replace retiring Liberal Party of Canada Liberal leader and sitting Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau . The convention elected former Finance Minister John Turner , who at the time was not sitting in the Canadian House of Commons House of Commons , as its leader on the second ballot, defeating another former finance minister, Jean Chr tien . Candidates Jean Chr tien Unsourced image removed Image Chretienconvention.jpg right 90px Chr tien, MP for Saint Maurice electoral district Saint Maurice , was Minister of State for Social Development and Minister Responsible for constitutional negotiations, playing a significant role in the patriation of the Constitution of Canada , and he had previously served in many other senior portfolios, including a time as Minister of Finance. Supporters in caucus 1 MP Bud Cullen . Don Johnston Johnston, MP for Westmount , was President of the Treasury Board and in several other positions and served in several other positions. Supporters in caucus 4 MPs, 1 Senator Jack Burghardt , James Fleming Ontario politician, York West James Fleming , Bryce Mackasey , Raymond Savard and Sen. Gildas Molgat . Mark MacGuigan MacGuigan, long serving MP from Windsor Walkerville , was the Minister of Justice and was a former Minister of External Affairs. John Munro Canadian politician John Munro Munro, a long serving MP from Hamilton East electoral district Hamilton East , was Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. John Roberts Canadian politician John Roberts Roberts, MP for St. Paul s , was Minister of Employment and Immigration. John Turner Turner, former MP for Ottawa Orleans , resigned as Min ... more details
New Brunswick has a unicameral legislature with 55 seats. Elections are held at least every five years but may be called at any time by the Lieutenant Governor the vice regal representative on consultation with the Premier . The Premier is the leader of the party that holds the most seats in the legislature. There are two dominant political parties in New Brunswick , the Liberal Party of New Brunswick Liberal Party and the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick Progressive Conservative Party . While consistently polling approximately 10 of the electoral vote since the early 1980s, the New Democratic Party of New Brunswick New Democratic Party has elected few members to the Legislative Assembly. From time to time, other parties such as the Confederation of Regions Party have held seats in the legislature, but only on the strength of a strong protest vote. The dynamics of New Brunswick politics are different from those of other provinces in Canada. The lack of a dominant urban centre in the province means that the government has to be responsive to issues affecting all areas of the province. In addition, the presence of a large francophone minority dictates that consensus politics is necessary, even when there is a majority government present. In this manner, the ebb and flow of New Brunswick provincial politics parallels the federal stage. Since 1960, the province has elected young bilingual leaders. This combination of attributes permits the premiers of New Brunswick to be influential players on the federal stage. Former Premier Bernard Lord Progressive Conservative has been touted as a potential leader of the Conservative Party of Canada . Frank McKenna premier, 1987 1997 , had been considered to be a front runner to succeed Prime Minister Paul Martin . Richard Hatfield premier, 1970 1987 played an active role in the Canada Act 1982 patriation of the Canadian constitution and creation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . Louis Robichaud premier ... more details
History of Canada The history of Canada 1982 1992 refers to the period immediately following the early 1980s, and prior to the 1993 resignation of Brian Mulroney the List of Prime Ministers of Canada 18th Prime Minister of Canada . The constitution Main Patriation In 1982, the Canada Act 1982 Canada Act was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom British parliament and granted Royal Assent by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom Elizabeth II on March 29. The corresponding Constitution Act, 1982 Constitution Act was passed by the Parliament of Canada Canadian parliament and granted Royal Assent by the Queen on April 17, thus Patriation patriating the Constitution of Canada , and marking one of Trudeau s last major acts before his resignation in 1984. Previously, the constitution has existed only as an act of British parliament, and the documents remained there. At the same time, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Charter of Rights and Freedoms was added in place of the previous Canadian Bill of Rights Bill of Rights . Some of the negotiations between provincial and federal leaders, specifically those concerning the so called Section Thirty three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Notwithstanding Clause , had failed to included Quebec Premier Ren L vesque . Resentment over this stab in the back led to attempts to veto the constitution, which were ultimately Quebec Veto Reference ruled out . ref http archives.cbc.ca politics constitution topics 1092 6045 Charting the Future Canada s New Constitution , CBC Archives ref Air India Disaster Main Air India Flight 182 On June 23, 1985, Air India Flight 182 exploded while at an altitude of 31,000 feet 9500 m above the Atlantic Ocean, south of Ireland all 329 on board were killed, of whom 82 were children and 280 were Canadian citizens. Up until September 11, 2001 attacks September 11, 2001 , the Air India bombing was the single deadliest terrorist attack involving aircraft. It is also the larg ... more details
This is a list of subjects related to the Quebec independence movement . List History New France French and Indian War The Conquest Province of Quebec 1763 1791 Province of Quebec Constitutional Act of 1791 Lower Canada Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada Declaration of Independence Republic of Lower Canada Act of Union 1840 Act of Union Canada East Canadian confederation Confederation Quebec Reference re Secession of Quebec Category British rule in India More... Events Assembl e des six comt s Patriotes Rebellion Francoeur Motion Quiet Revolution Vive le Qu bec libre speech October Crisis Quebec general election, 1976 Le 15 novembre 1980 Quebec referendum Constitution Act, 1982 Patriation of the Constitution Night of the Long Knives Canada Night of the Long Knives Meech Lake Accord Demise of the Meech Lake Accord Charlottetown Accord Charlottetown Accord referendum 1995 Quebec referendum World philosophies Classical liberalism Republicanism Responsible government Secularism Anti imperialism Nation state Self determination Separatism Decolonization Direct action Socialism Social democracy Keynesian economics Welfare state Supranational union Cultural diversity Quebec concepts Quebec nationalism Quebec sovereignty movement Sovereigntism Sovereignty Association Pur et dur Beau risque The Three Periods Organizations Parti patriote Fils de la libert Fr res Chasseurs Saint Jean Baptiste Society Alliance laurentienne Rassemblement pour l ind pendance nationale Front de lib ration du Qu bec Parti Qu b cois Bloc Qu b cois Qu bec solidaire Books and documents Declaration of independence of Lower Canada Pour la patrie La fatigue culturelle du Canada fran ais Prochain pisode Pourquoi je suis s paratiste N gres blancs d Am rique galit ou ind pendance Option Qu bec FLQ Manifesto The Black Book of English Canada Films Les Ordres film Orders Comfort and Indifference Elvis Gratton October Quand je serai parti... vous vivrez encore February 15, 1839 Songs Un Canadien err ... more details
This article is about voting with two criteria of majority needing to be satisfied. See Majority or Absolute majority for a system that requires more than 50 of the vote, or see Supermajority for a system requiring more than an arbitrary percentage, set at greater than 50 , of the vote. A double majority is the name given to a vote which requires a majority of votes according to two separate criteria. The mechanism is usually used to require strong support for any measure considered to be of great importance. Typically in legislative bodies, a double majority requirement exists in the form of a quorum being necessary for legislation to be passed. Examples of double majority Australia In Australia , Constitution of Australia constitutional changes must be passed at a referendum in a majority of states 4 of the 6 , and by a majority of voters nationally. Prior to 1977, the votes of citizens in the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory ACT did not affect the national or state based count. After a Constitution Alteration put to referendum in 1977 and given vice regal assent on 19 July 1977, Territorial votes contribute towards the national majority, but the Territories themselves do not count towards the majority of states. Note that the territories have very small populations. Canada Since the patriation of the Constitution of Canada Canadian constitution in 1982, thorough amendments to the Constitution of Canada amending formulae for the constitution were adopted. Per the Constitution Act, 1982 , many amendments can be passed only by the Parliament of Canada and a supermajority Two thirds majority two thirds majority of the provinces and territories of Canada provincial legislatures , those provinces together representing at least 50 of the national population this is known as the 7 10 formula as there were and are 10 provinces, so 7 constitutes a two thirds majority . Additionally, a province can explicitly choose to dissent to such an amendment, in ... more details
Infobox Officeholder honorific prefix The Hon. br name Michael J. L. Kirby honorific suffix image imagesize office Senate of Canada Senator for South Shore, Nova Scotia appointed Pierre Trudeau predecessor successor term start 1984 term end 2006 birth date birth date and age 1941 08 05 birth place Montreal, Quebec death date death place nationality spouse party Liberal Party of Canada Liberal relations children residence alma mater committees Chair, Standing Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce 1994 1999 br Chair, Standing Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology 1999 2006 occupation profession religion Michael J. L. Kirby , Order of Canada OC born August 5, 1941 is a Canada Canadian politician. He sat in the Canadian Senate as a Liberal Party of Canada Liberal representing Nova Scotia . Currently, he is the Chair of the Mental Health Commission of Canada. Born in Montreal , Kirby earned a Bachelor of Science and Master of Arts postgraduate Master of Arts in Mathematics from Dalhousie University where he was a member of Phi Delta Theta Fraternity , and, also a Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Mathematics from Northwestern University . In the 1960s Kirby was a professor of Business Administration and Public Administration at Dalhousie and also taught at the University of Chicago and the University of Kent . Kirby worked as principal assistant to the Premier of Nova Scotia Gerald Regan from 1970 to 1973 and Assistant Principal Secretary to Prime Minister of Canada Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau from 1974 to 1976. He served as President of the Institute for Research on Public Policy from 1977 to 1980. Kirby returned to public service in the 1980s as Secretary to the Canadian Cabinet for Federal Provincial Relations and Deputy Clerk of the Queen s Privy Council for Canada . As such he participated in the federal provincial negotiations that led to the patriation of the Canadian Constitution in 1982. He was elevated to the Canadian Senate by Pierre Trudeau i ... more details
Infobox Officeholder honorific prefix name Serge Joyal honorific suffix image imagesize office Senate of Canada Senator for List of Quebec senators Kennebec Kennebec , Quebec appointed Jean Chr tien predecessor successor term start November 26, 1997 term end birth date birth date and age 1945 2 1 birth place Montreal , Quebec death date death place nationality spouse party Liberal Party of Canada Liberal relations children residence alma mater occupation profession cabinet committees portfolio religion signature website footnotes Serge Joyal , Queen s Privy Council for Canada PC , Order of Canada OC , National Order of Quebec OQ born February 1, 1945 is a Canadian Senate Canadian Senator . A lawyer by profession, Joyal served as vice president of the Quebec wing of the Liberal Party of Canada . He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in the Canadian federal election, 1974 1974 general election and remained a Liberal Member of Parliament for ten years. In 1978, Joyal, along with a group of concerned Montreal citizens that included Nick Auf der Maur and Robert Keaton, co founded the Municipal Action Group MAG . Joyal was particularly well known at the time for having supported L Association des gens de l air, a group which was criticizing the lack of spoken French by airport controllers. Joyal lead the newly formed MAG and ran for mayor against the incumbent, Jean Drapeau. MAG succeeded in electing one member to Montreal council auf der Maur , but Drapeau s party won 52 seats. As Joyal had not resigned his federal seat, he returned to Ottawa. Following the Canadian federal election, 1980 1980 general election , Joyal served as co chair of the Joint Committee on the Patriation of the Canadian Constitution . In 1982, he joined the Canadian Cabinet Cabinet of Prime Minister of Canada Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau as a Minister of State Canada Minister of State . He was appointed Secretary of State for Canada in 1982. When John Turner succeeded Trudeau in Ju ... more details
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