Otheruses4 pathdependence in economics and social sciences a similar topic in physics Pathdependence physics Pathdependence explains how the set of decisions one faces for any given circumstance is limited .... ref Definition from http poopthebook.com blog ?p 20 Our Love Of Sewers A Lesson in PathDependence , Dave Praeger, 15 June 2008. ref In economics and the social science s pathdependence can ... 2000 isbn 978 1858989846 page 981 quote Most generally, pathdependence means that where we go next ... page 985 quote pathdependence can be weak the efficiency of the chosen path is tied with some alternatives ... rate measurements are path dependent, and the phenomenon of dependence of history might be ignored ... time . In this interpretation, pathdependence had little to do with VHS s success, which would have ... and network effects are at the origin of pathdependence. They lead to a reinforcing pattern ..., regardless of initial conditions or transitory events. With pathdependence, both the starting ... still used in computer keyboards . He called this pathdependence , ref cite journal author Paul ... of pathdependence in determining how standards form. ref cite web url http eh.net encyclopedia article puffert.path.dependence title PathDependence author Douglas Puffert date 2008 02 10 accessdate ... and Margolis distinguish types of pathdependence ref name LMTypes some do not imply inefficiencies ... third degree pathdependence where switching gains are high but transition is impractical involves ... liebowit palgrave palpd.html title PathDependence 4. Evidence for Third Degree PathDependence ... is that there are as yet no proven examples of third degree pathdependence in markets. ref Vergne and Durand qualify this critique by specifying the conditions under which pathdependence theory ... pdf title The missing link between the theory and empirics of pathdependence author JP Vergne ..., experiments, and counterfactual investigation. ref Technically, a pathdependence stochastic ... more details
along the path of dependence has a person progressed . Screening tools The Alcohol Use Disorders ...Infobox disease Name Alcohol Dependence ICD10 ICD10 F 10 f 10 .2 ICD9 ICD9 303 Alcohol dependence , as described ... dependence, and or related hardship. Definition and diagnosis According to the DSM IV criteria for alcohol dependence, at least three out of seven of the following criteria must be manifest ... 12 of American adults have had an alcohol dependence problem at some time in their life. ref cite ... Abuse and Dependence in the United States journal Archives of General Psychiatry volume 64 issue 7 year 2007 pages 830 doi 10.1001 archpsyc.64.7.830 pmid 17606817 ref Alcohol dependence is acknowledged ... and symptoms and a progressive course. The contemporary definition of alcohol dependence is still ... to identify and understand the core features of alcohol dependence. ref name WeinerFreedheim2003 ... colleague Milton M. Gross ref Edwards G. & Gross MM, Alcohol dependence provisional description ... previously been understood as alcoholism the alcohol dependence syndrome . The alcohol dependence syndrome ... alcohol misuse, including dependence. It was developed by the World Health Organisation, designed .... The Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire SAD Q is a more specific twenty item inventory for assessing the presence and severity of alcohol dependence. Comparisons with other alcohol related disorders Because only 3 of the 7 DSM IV criteria for alcohol dependence are required, not all .... Not everyone with alcohol dependence, therefore, experiences physiological dependence. Alcohol dependence is differentiated from alcohol abuse by the presence of symptoms such as Drug tolerance tolerance and withdrawal . Both alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse are sometimes referred to by the less ... are compatible with alcohol abuse. There are two major differences between alcohol dependence and alcoholism as generally accepted by the medical community. Alcohol dependence refers to an entity in which ... more details
In statistics and signal processing , random variables in a time series have serial dependence if the value at some time t in the series is statistical independence statistically dependent on the value at another time s . A series is serially independent if there is no dependence between any pair. Similarly, a time series has serial correlation if the condition holds that some pair of values are correlation and dependence correlated , rather than the condition of statistical dependence see autocorrelation . If a time series X sub t sub is Stationary process stationary , then statistical dependence between the pair X sub t sub , X sub s sub would imply that there is statistical dependence between all pairs of values at the same lag s &minus t . Unreferenced date November 2010 References reflist External links http www.quantiphile.com 2010 10 05 serial dependence serial dependence at www.quantiphile.com DEFAULTSORT Serial Dependence Category Statistical dependence Category Time series analysis Category Statistical terminology statistics stub ... more details
the route dependence on initial velocity . For an object moving between two positions, route dependence may apply not just to the spatial path but also to the spacetime path taken. These arguments ...Expert subject Physics date February 2009 In theoretical physics , the issue of route dependence deals with whether a selected differential between two points is taken as Wiktionary absolute absolute , or as being partly a function of the route along which comparative measurements are taken. It usually applies in discussions of gravitational potential or related effects such as gravitational redshift . In simpler exercises in gravitational physics, it is common to invoke gravitational potential as an absolute difference between two positions that does not depend on the route, and to invoke energy conservation as a reason why the energy gained or lost when an object moves between two defined states is fixed, independent of the route taken. In more advanced gravitational theory, things are not so straightforward the nominal gravitational potential between two positions often has to be supplemented with route dependent effects, or defined in a route dependent manner. Spatial route dependence If we place two observers A and B on opposite sides of a rotating black hole, both on the rotation plane, with the hole directly between them, and with both observers being the same height above the hole, then the effective gravitational differential between the A and B measured across the plane depends on the direction around the hole in which measurements are taken. If light signals are exchanged around one side of the hole, in the equatorial plane, where the adjacent section of event horizon is moving roughly in the direction A B , then frame dragging effects should make it easier for light to move with the horizon s motion than against it, and the measurements should show B to be downhill ... descriptions, but the underlying physics itself is paradox free. Spacetime route dependence Some ... more details
The term, frequency dependence is applied, or referred to in the following articles In Chemical synapse ... succession a phenomenon that gives rise to the so called frequency dependence of synapses. Common source Usually the frequency dependence of the gain v D v G is unimportant for frequencies even somewhat above the corner frequency of the ... Dielectric frequency dependence of the susceptibility leads to frequency dependence of the permittivity. Dispersion optics discusses cases of frequency dependence ... to frequency dependence effects in wave propagation. Also, there are the overarching Kramers Kronig relations that connect the frequency dependence of propagation and attenuation Evolutionary invasion analysis incorporates the concept of frequency dependence from game theory but allows for more ... Kronig relation s, which place limitations upon the form of the frequency dependence. ... Electrical ... in frequency dependence between healthy and diseased groups. ... Frequency dependent selection ... dependence of the operational amplifier gain is the finite gain... Grey atmosphere the absorption coefficient, typically represented by an , has no wavelength or frequency dependence for the frequency range being worked in. Intrinsic viscosity section entitled Frequency dependence The intrinsic viscosity formula may also be generalized to include a frequency dependence. Metamaterial some properties of metamaterials are related to frequency dependence Miller effect accounts for the increase ... of the capacitance between the input and output terminals. Opacity optics More extreme frequency dependence is visible in the absorption line s of cold gases. Permittivity frequency dependence of the susceptibility leads to frequency dependence of the permittivity. Photon The model accounted for the frequency dependence of light s energy... Pole splitting is a phenomenon exploited in some forms of frequency compensation used in an electronic amplifier. Frequency dependence is taken into consideration ... more details
In the APA Dictionary of Psychology, psychological dependence is defined as dependence on a psychoactive substance for the reinforcement it provides. ref VandenBos, Gary R. APA Dictionary of Psychology. 1st ed. Washington, DC American Psychological Association, 2007. Print. ref Most times psychological dependence is classified under addiction . They are similar in that addiction is a physiological craving for something and psychological dependence is a need for a particular substance because it causes enjoyable mental affects. A person becomes dependent on something, usually drugs, to help alleviate specific emotions. ref name APA Dictionary Myers, David G. Psychology . 9th ed. New York Worth, 2010. Print. ref Psychological dependence begins after the first trial which a person then becomes satisfied and the satisfaction increases with each use. This constant feeling leads to psychological reinforcement which eventually leads to dependence. ref Hanson, Glen, Peter J. Venturelli, and Annette E. Fleckenstein. Drugs and Society. Sudbury, MA Jones and Bartlett, 2009. Print. ref Of the various things that a person can be psychologically dependent on, opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol, and nicotine are among the top substances people become dependent on. Along with substances, people can also become dependent on activities as well such as shopping, pornography, self harm, and many more. While a psychologically dependent person attempts to recover, there are many withdrawal symptoms that one can experience throughout the process. ref Defining Addiction, Physical and Psychological Dependence to Drugs, Alcohol and Other Related Addictions. Drug Rehabilitation Alcohol and Drug Rehab Clinic. Web. 02 Dec. 2010. http www.treatment now.com resources addiction . ref When trying to over come psychological dependence on a drug, one can go to a substance abuse program. ref ... www.casacolumbia.org templates publications reports.aspx?keywords psychological dependence ref Notes ... more details
In compiler theory , dependence analysis produces execution order constraints between statements instructions. Broadly speaking, a statement S2 depends on S1 if S1 must be executed before S2 . Broadly, there are two classes of dependencies control dependencies and Data dependency data dependencies . Dependence analysis determines whether or not it is safe to reorder or parallelize statements. Control dependencies A situation in which a program s instruction executes if the previous instruction evaluates in a way that allows its execution. A statement S2 is control dependent on S1 written math S1 delta c S2 math if and only if S2 s execution is conditionally guarded by S1 . The following is an example of such a control dependence S1 if x 2 goto L1 S2 y 3 S3 L1 z y 1 Here, S2 only runs if the predicate in S1 is false. Data dependencies A data dependence arises from two statements which access or modify the same resource. Flow True dependence A statement S2 is flow dependent on S1 written .... The following is an example of a flow dependence RAW Read After Write S1 x 10 S2 y x c Antidependence ... a prior value of code y code . Output dependence A statement S2 is output dependent on S1 written .... The following is an example of an output dependence WAW Write After Write S1 x 10 S2 x 20 Here, S2 and S1 both set the variable code x code . Input dependence A statement S2 is input dependent ... S2 in execution. The following is an example of an input dependence RAR Read After Read S1 y x 3 S2 z x 5 Here, S2 and S1 both access the variable code x code . This is not a dependence in the same ... within loops, which is a significant and nontrivial problem, is tackled by loop dependence analysis , which extends the dependence framework given here. See also Program analysis computer science Automatic parallelization Vectorization parallel computing Loop dependence analysis Frameworks supporting ..., Ken & Allen, Randy. title Optimizing Compilers for Modern Architectures A Dependence based Approach ... more details
Polysubstance dependence is a diagnosis given for a behavioural pattern exhibited by an individual who has been using a minimum of three psychoactive substances within a twelve month period without the use of one outweighing the other. These substances do not include caffeine or nicotine. ref name AssociationDSM IV.2000 cite book author1 American Psychiatric Association author2 American Psychiatric Association. Task Force on DSM IV. title Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM IV TR. url http books.google.com books?id 3SQrtpnHb9MC&pg PA237 accessdate 30 November 2010 year 2000 publisher American Psychiatric Pub isbn 9780890420256 pages 237 ref A person with polysubstance dependence is psychologically addicted to being in an intoxicated state, but because no single drug predominates, the person does not develop symptoms of physical dependence tolerance, physical withdrawal upon cessation, etc. in relation to any of the abused substances. When coding Polysubstance Dependence in a DSM IV TR multiaxial diagnosis , 304.80 Polysubstance Dependence is accompanied by a list of the substances abused e.g. 305.00 Alcohol Abuse , 305.60 Cocaine Abuse there is no diagnostic label for Polysubstance Abuse . See also Self medication Polydrug Abuse References reflist Category Mental health Category Pharmacology psychology stub ... more details
In mathematics , a dependence relation is a binary relation which generalizes the relation of linear dependence . Let math X math be a set mathematics set . A binary relation math triangleleft math between an element math a math of math X math and a subset math S math of math X math is called a dependence relation , written math a triangleleft S math , if it satisfies the following properties if math a in S math , then math a triangleleft S math if math a triangleleft S math , then there is a finite set finite subset math S 0 math of math S math , such that math a triangleleft S 0 math if math T math is a subset of math X math such that math b in S math implies math b triangleleft T math , then math a triangleleft S math implies math a triangleleft T math if math a triangleleft S math but math a not triangleleft S lbrace b rbrace math for some math b in S math , then math b triangleleft S lbrace b rbrace cup lbrace a rbrace math . Given a dependence relation math triangleleft math on math X math , a subset math S math of math X math is said to be independent if math a not triangleleft S lbrace a rbrace math for all math a in S. math If math S subseteq T math , then math S math is said to span math T math if math t triangleleft S math for every math t in T. math math S math is said to be a basis of math X math if math S math is independent and math S math spans math X. math Remark. If math X math is a non empty set with a dependence relation math triangleleft math , then math X math always has a basis with respect to math triangleleft. math Furthermore, any two bases of math ... if math upsilon math is in the linear subspace subspace spanned by math S math , is a dependence relation. This is logical equivalence equivalent to the definition of linear independence linear dependence ... triangleleft math is a dependence relation. This is equivalent to the definition of algebraic dependence . See also matroid planetmath id 5792 title Dependence relation Category Mathematical ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Declaration of Dependence Type Album Artist Kings of Convenience Cover KoC Declaration of Dependence.jpg Released October 20, 2009 Recorded February 2007 June 2009 ref http www.parisdjs.com index.php post Kings of Convenience Declaration Of Dependence ref Genre Indie pop Length Label Virgin Records Virgin EMI Producer Davide Bertolini br Robert J nnum br Kings of Convenience Reviews Allmusic Rating 3.5 5 Allmusic class album id r1660614 pure url yes link BBC Music positive http www.bbc.co.uk music reviews 2vcg link The Boston Globe positive http www.boston.com ae music cd reviews articles 2009 10 19 kings of convenience declaration of dependence link Pitchfork.com 7.9 10 http pitchfork.com reviews albums 13553 declaration of dependence link Drowned In Sound 6 10 http drownedinsound.com releases 14786 reviews 4138180 link Last album Riot on an Empty Street br 2004 This album Declaration of Dependence br 2009 Next album Declaration of Dependence is the third album from Norway Norwegian duo Kings of Convenience and it is also their first album in five years. ref http pitchfork.com news 36032 new release kings of convenience ideclaration of dependencei ref It was released on October 5, 2009, and is currently being supported with a tour. Mrs Cold and Boat Behind have been released as radio singles in some countries. The album was pre released on September 21 for Spotify premium subscribers. It was released in selected countries such as Poland on September 28, 2009. ref http www.empik.com declaration of dependence muzyka,prod22410024,p ref In Italy the album reached Gold status. Track listing tracklist title1 24 25 length1 3 38 note1 title2 Mrs. Cold length2 3 11 title3 Me in You length3 3 09 note3 title4 Boat Behind length4 3 41 note4 title5 Rule My World length5 3 31 note5 title6 My Ship Isn t Pretty length6 3 47 note6 title7 ... 2009 albums it Declaration of Dependence nl Declaration of Dependence ... more details
Roughly speaking, in decision theory , game theory , and rational choice , menu dependence arises when the evaluation of alternatives for choice or the mode of selection guiding choice varies parametrically with what collection of alternatives is available for choice i.e., with what menu or decision problem a decision maker is facing . Menu dependence can be accompanied by violations of various so called consistency or coherence constraints, such as Sen s condition also known as Chernoff s Axiom, a contraction condition and Sen s conditions and expansion conditions . While the phenomenon can arise in a variety of ways, menu dependence is often informally associated with a change in a decision maker s preferences among alternatives with the addition of irrelevant alternative s. See also Independence of irrelevant alternatives mathapplied stub Category Applied mathematics ... more details
Infobox Book name The Anatomy of Dependence title orig translator John Bester image image caption author Takeo Doi illustrator cover artist country Japan language Japanese language Japanese series subject Dependence, Japanese national characteristics, amae genre publisher Kodansha International pub date 1971 in books 1971 english pub date 1973 in books 1973 media type pages 170 isbn 0 87011 181 7 dewey 150 .19 5 congress BF575.D34 D6413 oclc 756181 preceded by followed by nihongo The Anatomy of Dependence Amae no k z is a non fiction book written by Japanese people Japanese psychoanalyst Takeo Doi . It was originally published in Japanese in 1971, and an English translation by John Bester was later published in 1973. The book describes at length Doi s concept of amae , which he describes as a uniquely Japanese need to be in good favor with, and be able to depend on, the people around oneself. He likens this to behaving childishly in the assumption that parents will indulge you Doi 2001 16 , and claims that the ideal relationship is that of the parent child, and all other relationships should strive for this degree of closeness Doi 2001 39 . Criticism Doi s work has been criticized as being anecdotal and full of inaccuracies. See Dale, P 1986 The Myth of Japanese Uniqueness, Mouer and Sugimoto 1986, 1982, Kubota 1999 References Doi, T. The Anatomy of Dependence , Kodansha America , Inc., 2001. ISBN 4 7700 2800 8 DEFAULTSORT Anatomy of Dependence, The Category 1971 books Category Japanese books Category Books about Japan Category Psychology books japan lit stub ja it Anatomia della dipendenza ... more details
In psychology , reward dependence RD is a personality trait . It can be assessed within the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire TPQ personality test where it is one of the resulting dimensions alongside harm avoidance and novelty seeking . It is also found in the newer version of the personality test called Temperament and Character Inventory TCI and its revised version TCI R . The so called subscales of reward dependence in TCI R are Sentimentality RD1 Openness to warm communication RD2 Attachment RD3 Dependence RD4 C. Robert Cloninger , that devised the TPQ and TCI questionnaires, suggested that RD is correlated with low noradrenaline noradrenergic activity. ref Cite journal author C. R. Cloninger title A unified biosocial theory of personality and its role in the development of anxiety states journal Psychiatric Developments volume 4 issue 3 pages 167 166 year 1986 month Autumn pmid 3809156 ref This suggestion has led to research that, e.g., investigates whether gene s of the noradrenaline system are associated with variation in reward dependence. As an example One study looked for the effect from a genetic variant, C 182T rs2242446 , in the norepinephrine transporter gene. ref Cite journal author Byung Joo Ham, Myoung Jin Choi, Heon Jeong Lee, Rhee Hun Kang & Min Soo Lee title Reward dependence is related to norepinephrine transporter T 182C gene polymorphism in a Korean population journal Psychiatric Genetics journal Psychiatric Genetics volume 15 issue 2 pages 145 147 year 2005 month June pmid 15900230 doi 10.1097 00041444 200506000 00012 ref References Reflist Category Biopsychology Category Pharmacology ... more details
Dependence logic is a logical formalism, created by Jouko V n nen ref refVaananen07 V n nen 2007 ref , which adds dependence atoms to the language of First Order Logic first order logic . A dependence ... dependent on the values of math t 1 ldots t n 1 math . Dependence logic is a Logics of imperfect ... to the players, thus allowing for non linearly ordered patterns of dependence and independence between variables. However, dependence logic differs from these logics in that it separates the notions of dependence and independence from the notion of quantification. Syntax The syntax of dependence ... S sub func sub , S sub rel sub , ar , the set of all well formed dependence logic formulas is defined according to the following rules Terms Terms in dependence logic are defined First order logic Terms precisely as in first order logic . Atomic formulas There are three types of atomic formulas in dependence ... t 2 math A dependence atom is an expression of the form math t 1 ldots t n math , for any math n in mathbb ... of dependence logic. Relational and equality atoms are also called first order atoms . Complex formulas and sentences For a fixed signature , the set of all formulas math phi math of dependence logic ... Free phi backslash v math . Nothing is a dependence logic formula unless it can be obtained through ... phi emptyset math is a sentence of dependence logic. Conjunction and universal quantification In the above presentation of the syntax of dependence logic, conjunction and universal quantification ... semantics for dependence logic is a variant of Wilfrid Hodges Wilfrid Hodges compositional semantics ... 2007, 3.2 ref There exist equivalent game theoretic semantics for dependence logic, both in terms ... A math , a team math X math over it and a dependence logic formula math phi math whose Free variables ... is a consequence of the fact that in dependence logic, as in the logic of Branching quantifier ... relations of the team semantics for dependence logic are defined by Structural induction structural ... more details
to do so. In 1964 the WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence introduced dependence as A cluster ... and problematic consequences of drug dependence may be biological, psychological or social, and usually interact . The core concept of the WHO definition of drug dependence requires the presence ... guidelines for a definite diagnosis of dependence require that three or more of the following six ..., depressive mood states or impairment of cognitive functioning. The Walid Robinson Opioid Dependence ... is characterized by the body regaining physical homeostasis. Treatment Opioid dependence is a complex ... of opioid dependence is important to reduce its health and social consequences and to improve the well ... persons with opioid dependence are to reduce dependence on illicit drugs to reduce the morbidity ... for all individuals with opioid dependence, especially in the short term. As no single treatment is effective for all individuals with opioid dependence, diverse treatment options are needed ... dependence on its own. However, it is a first step for many forms of longer term abstinence ... dependence. ref http www.who.int substance abuse activities treatment opioid dependence en index.html Guidelines for the psychosocially assisted pharmacological treatment of opioid dependence World ... and buprenorphine for the management of opioid dependence a systematic review and economic evaluation ... dependency dependence that is, dependence on heroin , oxycodone , hydrocodone , morphine , oxymorphone ... Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome Physical dependence Doctor shopping Prescription drug abuse ... substance use DEFAULTSORT Opioid Dependence Category Substance related disorders Category Opioids ... more details
Infobox nrhp name Legg s Dependence nrhp type image caption nearest city Stevensville, Maryland lat degrees 38 lat minutes 55 lat seconds 13 lat direction N long degrees 76 long minutes 20 long seconds 46 long direction W locmapin Maryland area built 1760 architect architecture Georgian, Greek Revival added November 08, 2003 governing body Private refnum 03001116 ref name nris NRISref 2008a ref Legg s Dependence , also known as Long Creek Farm and William E. Porter Farm, is a historic home located at Stevensville, Maryland Stevensville , Queen Anne s County, Maryland . It is a two and a half story center hall plan brick house. It was built in several stages beginning around 1760 80, as a single story Hall and parlor house hall parlor plan dwelling. It was enlarged to its present form during the second quarter of the 19th century. ref cite web url http www.mht.maryland.gov nr NRDetail.aspx?HDID 1428&COUNTY Queen 20Annes&FROM NRCountyList.aspx?COUNTY Queen 20Annes title Maryland Historical Trust date 2008 10 05 work National Register of Historic Places Legg s Dependence publisher Maryland Historical Trust ref It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. ref name nris References reflist External links http www.mht.maryland.gov nr NRDetail.aspx?HDID 1428&COUNTY Queen 20Annes&FROM NRCountyList.aspx?COUNTY Queen 20Annes Legg s Dependence, Queen Anne s County , including photo from 2002, at Maryland Historical Trust QueenAnne NRHP National Register of Historic Places in Maryland Category Hall and parlor houses Category Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland Category Houses in Queen Anne s County, Maryland Category 1760 architecture Maryland NRHP stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Barbiturate dependence Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 F 13 f 10 .2 ICD9 ICD9 304.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID With regular use of barbiturate s, barbiturate dependence develops. This in turn may lead to a need for increasing doses of the drug to get the original desired pharmacological or therapeutic effect. ref name Crit Care Nurs Clin cite journal author Zapantis A, Leung S title Tolerance and withdrawal issues with sedation journal Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am volume 17 issue 3 pages 211 23 year 2005 month September pmid 16115529 doi 10.1016 j.ccell.2005.04.011 ref Barbiturate use can lead to both addiction and physical dependence , and as such they have a high potential for abuse. ref name Takehiko cite journal author Takehiko Ito, Toshihito Suzuki, Susan E. Wellman and Ing Kang Ho title Pharmacology of barbiturate tolerance dependence GABA sub A sub receptors and molecular aspects journal Life Sciences volume 59 issue 3 pages 169 95 year 1996 month June pmid 8699929 doi 10.1016 0024 3205 96 00199 3 ref Psychological addiction to barbiturates can develop quickly. The GABAA receptor GABA sub A sub receptor , one of barbiturates main sites of action, is thought to play a pivotal role in the development of tolerance to and dependence on barbiturates, as well as the euphoria euphoric high that results from their abuse. ref name Takehiko The mechanism by which barbiturate tolerance develops is believed to be different than that of ethanol or benzodiazepines , even though these drugs have been shown to exhibit cross tolerance with each other. ref cite journal author Allan AM, Zhang X, Baier LD title Barbiturate tolerance effects on GABA operated chloride channel function journal Brain Res. volume 588 issue 2 pages 255 60 year 1992 month August pmid 1382810 doi 10.1016 0006 8993 92 91583 Z url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii 0006 8993 92 91583 Z ref The management of a physical dependence on barbiturates ... more details
Physical dependence refers to a state resulting from chronic use of a drug that has produced Drug tolerance tolerance and where negative physical symptoms ref name urlDefinition of physical dependence ... title Definition of physical dependence NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms format work accessdate 2008 ... DS 00183.html doi accessdate Dead link date September 2010 bot RjwilmsiBot ref Physical dependence ... physical dependence and thus more severe withdrawal sydromes. Acute withdrawal syndromes can last ... the self same substance of dependence . Withdrawal response will vary according to the dose used, the type ... title Benzodiazepine dependence and withdrawal identification and medical management journal J Am Board Fam Pract volume 5 issue 2 pages 167 75 year 1992 pmid 1575069 doi url ref Symptoms Physical dependence ... management. Dependence itself and chronic intoxication on psychostimulants can cause mild to moderate ... Treatment for physical dependence depends upon the drug being withdrawn and often includes administration .... Physical dependence is usually managed by a slow dose reduction over a period of weeks, months or sometimes longer depending on the drug, dose and the individual. ref name pmid1575069 A physical dependence ... to manage the alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Drugs that cause physical dependence All mu opioid receptor ... and prostaglandins in opioid physical dependence journal Br. J. Pharmacol. volume 136 issue 1 ... Ativan , and alprazolam Xanax see benzodiazepine dependence and benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome ... author Sikdar S title Physical dependence on zopiclone. Prescribing this drug to addicts may give rise ... beverage cf. alcohol dependence , alcohol withdrawal , delirium tremens ref name pmid18363856 ... physical dependence and associated withdrawal to a 1.1 Mb interval of mouse chromosome 1 syntenic ... an emerging drug of abuse that causes physical dependence journal Addiction volume 92 issue 1 pages ... Quaglio G, Schifano F, Lugoboni F title Venlafaxine dependence in a patient with a history of alcohol ... more details
Infobox disease Name Benzodiazepine dependence DiseasesDB 29548 ICD10 ICD10 F 13 f 10 .2 ICD9 ICD9 304.1 MedlinePlus 003578 eMedicineSubj Bztox eMedicineTopic 813255 Benzodiazepine dependence or benzodiazepine addiction is a condition during which a person is dependent on benzodiazepine drugs. Dependence can be either a Substance dependence psychological dependence behavioral addiction or a physical dependence or a combination of the two. Physical dependence occurs when a person becomes drug tolerance ... symptoms , they develop a physical dependence , which can manifest itself upon dosage reduction ... to as psychological dependence, includes people misusing and or craving the drug not to relieve ... use disorder addiction and drug abuse of benzodiazepines and normal physical dependence on benzodiazepines. Physical dependence typically occurs from long term prescribed use, but drug abuse and or behavioral ... use, abuse, and dependence journal J Clin Psychiatry volume 66 issue Suppl 2 pages 28 33 year ... dose dependence is the largest category of people dependent on benzodiazepines. These individuals ... ref Numbers of benzodiazepine prescriptions have been declining, due primarily to concerns of dependence ... url http www.aafp.org afp 20000401 2121.html ref Benzos Definition Benzodiazepine dependence is the condition resulting from repeated use of benzodiazepine drugs. It can include both a physical dependence as well as a psychological dependence and is typified by a withdrawal syndrome upon a fall in blood ... Llorca first8 PM. last9 Eschalier first9 A. title Benzodiazepine dependence focus on withdrawal ... and symptoms The signs and symptoms of benzodiazepine dependence include feeling unable to cope ... G. title Benzodiazepine dependence. url http www.racgp.org.au afp 200411 20041031khong.pdf format ... ref Benzodiazepine dependence and withdrawal have been associated with suicide and self harming behaviors ... 2007.pdf title Drug misuse and dependence UK guidelines on clinical management author National Treatment ... more details
about correlation and dependence in statistical data correlation disambiguation In statistics , correlation and dependence are any of a broad class of statistical relationships between two or more random variable s or observed data values. Familiar examples of dependent phenomena include the correlation between the physical human height statures of parents and their offspring, and the correlation between ... dependence is not sufficient to demonstrate the presence of such a relationship. Formally, dependence ... coefficient The most familiar measure of dependence between two quantities is the Pearson ..., indicating the degree of linear dependence between the variables. As it approaches zero there is less ... Kendall s coefficient is 1 3. Other measures of dependence among random variables The information given by a correlation coefficient is not enough to define the dependence structure between random variables. The correlation coefficient completely defines the dependence structure only in very ..., however, it does not completely characterize the dependence structure for example, a multivariate t distribution s degrees of freedom determine the level of tail dependence . Distance correlation and Brownian ..., in comparison to those that consider only 2nd moment pairwise or quadratic dependence. The polychoric ... between theorised latent variables. One way to capture a more complete view of dependence structure ... of dependence between variables X and Y does not depend on the scale on which the variables ... are undefined. Measures of dependence based on quantile s are always defined. Sample based statistics intended to estimate population measures of dependence may or may not have desirable statistical ... the strength of dependence between a pair of variables that is not accounted for by the way in which ... Limits 1 Statistics DEFAULTSORT Correlation And Dependence Category Covariance and correlation Category Statistical dependence Category Dimensionless numbers ar ca Correlaci cs Korelace ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Amphetamine dependence Image Amphetamine 2D skeletal.svg Caption Amphetamine DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 F 15 f 10 .2 ICD9 ICD9 304.4 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Amphetamine dependence refers to a state of substance dependencedependence on a drug in the amphetamine class. Drug tolerance Tolerance is developed rapidly in amphetamine abuse, thereby the amount of the drug that is needed to satisfy the addiction needs to be increased at regular intervals. ref cite web title Amphetamines Drug Use and Abuse Merck Manual Home Edition publisher Merck url http www.merck.com mmhe sec07 ch108 ch108g.html accessdate February 28, 2007 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070217053619 http www.merck.com mmhe sec07 ch108 ch108g.html Bot retrieved archive archivedate February 17, 2007 ref Conversely, some researchers have reported observing the opposite effect in animal models repeated amphetamine use can produce reverse tolerance or sensitization to the psychological or locomotor stimulating effects of the drug. ref cite journal last1 Wolf first1 Marina last2 White first2 Francis last3 Nassar first3 Richard last4 Brooderson first4 Richard last5 Khansa first5 Mohamad year 1993 month January title Differential development of autoreceptor subsensitivity and enhanced dopamine release during amphetamine sensitization journal Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics volume 264 issue 1 pages 249 255 url http jpet.aspetjournals.org content 264 1 249.full.pdf format PDF issn 0022 3565 pmid 8093727 ref Development of sensitization to amphetamine may depend on the daily dosage of amphetamine ref cite journal last1 Hooks first1 M. last2 Jones ... ref Amphetamine does not have the potential to cause physical dependence, though withdrawal can still ... Reference on lack of physical dependence. ref ref cite journal author Leith N, Kuczenski ... 2 Psychoactive substance use DEFAULTSORT Amphetamine Dependence Category Amphetamines ... more details
Infobox disease Name Cannabis dependence Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 F 12 f 10 .2 ICD9 ICD9 304.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Cannabis dependence is a condition defined in DSM IV applying the general concept of substance dependence to cannabis . ref name FirstFrances2004 ... epidemiology of dependence on tobacco, alcohol, controlled substance and inhalants Basic findings ... mild withdrawal syndrome associated with cannabis indicates that dependence is unlikely and treatment ... first1 W. last2 Hall first2 W. last3 Teesson first3 M. year 2001 title Cannabis use and dependence ... . Syndromes of drug abuse and dependence. In. L.N. Robins & D.A. Regier. Eds. . Psychiatric disorders ... for cannabis dependence comes from a number of sources including epidemiological surveys, ref ... in the general population url journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence volume 64 issue 3 pages 319 327 pmid ... A. year 2002 title The structure of cannabis dependence in the community url journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence volume 68 issue 3 pages 255 262 pmid 12393220 ref studies of long term users, ref name ... studies indicate that cannabis dependence is a relatively common phenomenon associated with significant ..., B A., Development and consequences of cannabis dependence. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , 2002 42 28S 33S ref In addition, clinical trials evaluating treatments for cannabis dependence indicate that, among ... ReferenceA Worldwide data on cannabis use and dependence The Australian National Survey of Mental Health ... Swift first1 W. last2 Hall first2 W. last3 Teesson first3 M. year 2001 title Cannabis use and dependence ... M. year 2001 title Characteristics of DSM IV and ICD 10 cannabis dependence among Australian adults results from the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing url journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence ... Cannabis dependence in young adults An Australian population study url journal Addiction volume ... of dependence on tobacco, alcohol, controlled substances, and inhalants Basic findings from ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date November 2006 This is an indirect outgrowth of Marxist thinking which is a subgroup of development economics . According to this doctrine, third world underdevelopment is viewed as the result of highly unequal international capitalist system or rich country poor country relationships. It is viewed that the rich countries through their intentionally exploitative or unintentionally neglectful policies hurt the developing countries. The rich countries and a small elite ruling class in the developing countries , who serve as the agent of the rich countries, are responsible for the perpetuation of underdevelopment in the developing countries. Unlike the Stage Theories or the Structural Change Models, which considered underdevelopment as a result of internal constraints such as insufficient savings, investment or lack of infrastructure, skill or education, the proponents of the Neocolonial Dependence model saw underdevelopment as an externally induced phenomenon. The remedy, according to those who preached these ideas, was to initiate revolutionary struggles to topple the existing elite of the developing countries and the restructuring of the world capitalist system to free the third world nations from the direct and indirect control of their first world and domestic oppressors. Category Colonialism Category Marxist theory Category Economics models ... more details
Disorders DSM IV , substance dependence is defined as blockquote When an individual persists in use of alcohol or other drugs despite problems related to use of the substance, substance dependence ... subdep.htm DSM IV & DSM IV TR Substance Dependence ref blockquote Substance dependence can be diagnosed with Physical dependence physiological dependence , evidence of tolerance or withdrawal, or without physiological dependence. By the http www.asam.org American Society of Addiction Medicine definition, drug addiction differs from drug dependence and drug tolerance . ref name painmed http www.painmed.org ... include the same persons who, under the DSM IV , can be given the diagnosis of substance dependence ... and generally a physical dependence on the effects of the drug and iv detrimental effects on the individual ... to increase the dose iii some degree of psychic dependence on the effect of the drug, but absence of physical dependence and hence of an abstinence syndrome withdrawal , and iv detrimental ... to be inadequate, and suggested using the blanket term drug dependence blockquote The definition ... to find a term that could be applied to drug abuse generally. The component in common appears to be dependence, whether psychic or physical or both. Hence, use of the term drug dependence , with a modifying ... drug dependence for the terms drug addiction and drug habituation . blockquote The committee did not clearly define dependence, but did go on to clarify that there was a distinction between physical and psychological psychic dependence. It said that drug abuse was a state of psychic dependence or physical dependence, or both, on a drug, arising in a person following administration of that drug on a periodic or continued basis. Psychic dependence was defined as a state in which there is a feeling ... The 1957 and 1964 definitions of addiction, dependence and abuse persist to the present day ... DSM IV TR now spells out specific criteria for defining abuse and dependence. DSM IV TR uses the term ... more details
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