Incoherent topic date October 2010 Output is the term denoting either an exit or changes which exit a system ... modelling model ing, system s design and system s exploitation. Types of output In control ... are differentiated through many state controls states . In engineering In engineering the term output can refer to The Power physics power or Work physics work output of a machine. An observable output ... , output is the benefits that an employee receives, including money, perquisites, power, status, fame or variety. In human computer interaction In human computer interaction , output is information produced by the computer program and perceived by the user computing user . The kinds of output the program .... In this context, feedback and output are often used interchangeably. However, output tends to refer specifically to explicit output, something that is intentionally provided for the user, whereas feedback ... . In information processing In information processing , output is the process of transmitting information or the transmitted information itself. The output of one process may well form the input for another information processor . Essentially, output is any data exiting a computer system. This could ... is often manipulated, and then information is presented to a human output . Economics In economics , Output economics output is the amount of goods and services by a firm, industry, or country. A distinction is drawn between Gross Output and Net output . In telecommunications In telecommunication , the term output can refer to Information retrieved from a Execution unit functional unit or from a telecommunications network network , usually after some processing. An output state computer ... 1037C ref See also Wiktionary Input disambiguation Input output Gross Output Net output References reflist Primary sources date November 2008 Category Cybernetics Category Input output Category Scientific modeling Category Systems theory et V ljund ko it Output he ja pt Produ o sv Utdata ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date November 2006 In physics , work output is the Mechanical work work done by a simple machine , compound machine , or any type of engine model. In common terms, it is the energy output, which for simple machines is always less than the energy input, even though the force s may be drastically different. In thermodynamics , work output can refer to the Work thermodynamics thermodynamic work done by a heat engine , in which case the amount of work output must be less than the input as energy is lost to heat, as determined by the engine s Energy conversion efficiency efficiency . DEFAULTSORT Work Output Category Thermodynamics Category Physics Physics stub ... more details
Orphan date September 2010 Sectoral output for an industry or combination of industries sector is the value of the sector s gross output minus the value of shipments within the sector from one establishment to another. Value here is measured for a specified time period and usually in units of nominal money. It may be converted to constant units by multiplying by a price index to adjust for changes in prices over time and changes in quality of the goods and services produced. A sectoral output measure is conceptually different from measures of gross output or value added value added output . Gross output for the sector consists of sales, or receipts, and other operating income, plus commodity taxes and changes in inventories. Value added measures exclude the value of intermediate inputs such as material, energy, and services, whether from the same industry or others. Thus gross output is larger than sectoral output which is larger than value added output. Sectoral output is the measure of output used in KLEMS multifactor productivity multifactor measures of productivity , which attempt to account for all direct inputs to production capital services K , labor services L , energy E , materials purchased M , and services purchased S . When calculating labor productivity , a value added measure of output should be used to avoid counting other inputs like purchased materials as if they were created by the labor and capital applied within the sector. The definition of the sectoral output has been attributed to Frank M. Gollop ref http stats.bls.gov mfp mprgul95.pdf Gullickson, William. Measurement of productivity growth in U.S. manufacturing. Monthly Labor Review July, 1995, asserts this on p.14, citing the source Accounting for Intermediate Input The Link Between Sectoral and Aggregate ... stats.oecd.org glossary detail.asp?ID 2411 OECD definition of sectoral output DEFAULTSORT Sectoral Output Category Economic data Category Production economics Category National accounts ... more details
unreferenced date October 2009 Expert verify date October 2009 gross output not in http unstats.un.org unsd nationalaccount SNA2008.pdf, and gross output same as output according to http stats.oecd.org ... glossary g.html GrossOutput Gross output is an economic concept used in national accounts such as the United ... NIPA . It is equal to the value of net output or GDP also known as gross value added plus intermediate consumption . Gross output represents, roughly speaking, the total value of sales by producing ... included. To obtain a measure of gross value added or Net output , the value of intermediate consumption intermediate goods and services must be subtracted from gross output. Net value added is obtained ... The statistical definition of gross output is dependent upon the definition of Production, costs ... from coverage in calculating the value of gross output, on the ground that they are unrelated ... in UNSNA accounts and US national accounts In the UNSNA standard product account , gross output is the largest ... . However, in the American NIPA system, no annual totals for gross output and intermediate consumption are shown in the product account, the focus being on GDP and its components only gross output and intermediate consumption are cited only in the input output tables compiled for intermittent years. Thus, to find annual data for gross output and intermediate consumption of the United States, one needs to refer to UNSNA data sets. Gross output versus net output Gross and net output are frequently confused with each other in economic discourse, insofar as the net output of a particular ... an accounting interval. This is however not the case, because the net output of a sector refers ... output is in reality its gross output , which includes the value of materials and operating costs used to produce the output. It is only the net output of the whole economy equal to GDP which provides ... in production have to be subtracted from the grand total of output sales in the whole economy in order ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Output in economics is the quantity of good economics good s or Service economics services Production, costs, and pricing produced in a given time period, by a firm, industry, or country, ref Alan Deardorff . http www personal.umich.edu alandear glossary o.html outputoutput, Deardorff s Glossary of International Economics . ref whether consumed or used for further production. ref Paul A. Samuelson and William D. Nordhaus 2004 . Economics textbook Economics , 18th ed., under Glossary of Terms. ref Net output , sometimes called netput is a quantity, in the context of production, that is positive if the quantity is output by the production process and negative if it is an input to the production process. Several different methods of measurement measuring output are utilized. See also Gross domestic product Measures of national income and output List of countries by GDP sector composition List of countries by sector output Notes See the user page User Dmoss Wikicite for an excellent citation tool Reflist 2 DEFAULTSORT Output Economics Category Macroeconomics Economics stub he sr ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Output compare is the ability to trigger an output based on a timestamp in memory, without interrupting the execution of code by a central processing unit processor or microcontroller . This is a functionality provided by many embedded system s. The corresponding ability to record a timestamp in memory when an input occurs is called input capture . DEFAULTSORT Output Compare Category Embedded systems Compu stub ... more details
unreferenced date November 2007 Contract law An output contract is an contract agreement in which a producer agrees to sell its entire production to the buyer, who in turn agrees to purchase the entire output, whatever that is. Example an almond grower enters into an output contract with an almond packer thus the producer has a home for output of nuts, and the packer of nuts is happy to have a sure fire supply, even though it may have to store away a glut. The converse of this situation is a requirements contract , under which a seller agrees to supply the buyer with as much of a good or service as the buyer wants, in exchange for the buyer s agreement not to buy that good or service elsewhere. Uniform Commercial Code comment section 2 306 A term which measures the quantity by the output of the seller or the requirements of the buyer, means such actual output or requirements that may occur in good faith. Good faith cessation of production terminates any further obligations thereunder and excuses further performance by the party discontinuing production. However, the cessation of production must be in light of bankruptcy or other similar situations. The yield of less profit from a sale than expected does not excuse further performance of an output contract. See Feld vs. Henry S. Levy & Sons, Inc. New York, 1975 or Technical Assistance International, Inc. vs. United States U.S. Court of Appeals, 1998 . business stub Category Business law Category Contract law ... more details
Image Actual potential GDP output gap CBO Jan 09 outlook.png thumb 250px Potential light and actual bold GDP estimates from the Congressional Budget Office. The difference between the two represents the GDP gap. Image 2009 Output Gap IMF.png thumb 250px IMF estimates of the 2009 output gaps as of GDP by country The GDP gap or the output gap is the difference between potential GDP and actual GDP or actual output. The calculation for the output gap is Y Y where Y is actual output and Y is potential output. If this calculation yields a positive number it is called an inflationary gap and indicates the growth of aggregate demand is out pacing the growth of aggregate supply possibly creating inflation if the calculation yields a negative number it is called a recessionary gap possibly signifying deflation . ref Richard G. Lipsey and Alec Chrystal. Economics . Oxford University Press. 11th edition. January 2007. p. 423. ref The percentage GDP gap is the actual GDP minus the potential GDP divided by the potential GDP. math GDP actual GDP potential over GDP potential math . Okun s Law The relationship between output and unemployment Okun s Law is based on regression analysis of US data that shows a correlation between unemployment and GDP. Okun s law can be stated as For every 1 increase in Unemployment Cyclical or Keynesian unemployment cyclical unemployment actual unemployment natural rate of unemployment , GDP will decrease by . Output gap x Cyclical unemployment This can also be expressed as Y Y Y u where Y is actual output Y is potential output u is actual unemployment is the natural rate of unemployment is a constant derived from regression show the link between deviations from natural output & natural unemployment. References reflist See also Phillips Curve ZIRP External links http www.tutor2u.net economics content topics macroeconomy outputgap.htm Tutor2u s description ... fr cart de production it Output gap ja pl Luka PKB ... more details
In economics , output elasticity is the percentage change of output Gross domestic product GDP or production of a single firm divided by the percentage change of an input. It is sometimes called partial output elasticity to clarify that it refers to the change of only one input. ref A. Charnes, W. W. Cooper, and A. P. Schinnar 1976 , A theorem on homogeneous functions and extended Cobb Douglas forms , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Vol. 73, No. 10, pp. 3747 3748. ref As with every Elasticity economics elasticity , this measure is defined locally, i.e. defined at a point. If the production function contains only one input, then the output elasticity is also an indicator of the degree of returns to scale . If the coefficient of output elasticity is greater than 1, then production is experiencing increasing returns to scale. If the coefficient is less than 1, then production is experiencing decreasing returns to scale. If the coefficient is 1, then production is experiencing constant returns to scale. Note that returns to scale may change as the level of production changes. ref name Perloff, Microeconomics Theory 2008 Perloff, Microeconomics Theory & Applications with Calculus Pearson 2008 at 193. ref Output elasticity is defined as the percentage change in output per one percent change in all the inputs. ref Hirschey 2003 p. 238. ref The coefficient of output elasticity can be used to estimate returns to scale. ref Hirschey 2003 p. 238. ref E sub Q sub Q X x X Q where X represents the inputs and Q, the output. ref Hirschey 2003 p. 238. ref See also elasticity economics References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Output Elasticity Category Elasticity economics Econ stub de Produktionselastizit t ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Net output is an accounting concept used in national accounts such as the United Nations System of National Accounts UNSNA and the NIPA s, and sometimes in corporate or government ..., net output is equivalent to the gross value added during an accounting period when producing ... value of net output. Components of net output The value of an aggregate net output is normally understood ... to producers, profit or operating surplus . In calculating net output for national accounts ... paid by them during the same accounting period.. Net output and GDP The total net output of resident .... Usually the term net output is used to refer to the contribution which a particular economic ... or GDP during a quarter or a year. The net output of a particular industry should not however be confused ... want to know the total sale value of the output of the car factory, the relevant measure is not the net output the value added , but rather the gross output . If, for example, we wanted to calculate a unit labour cost for the output value of the cars, the appropriate ratio is between labour costs and the gross output value of the cars. It follows that the total new net output value of a whole ... sales revenue, is a different concept from the net output of a particular industry. Input output analysis In input output analysis , disaggregated data on gross and net outputs of different economic ... As mentioned, the calculation of net output requires a value theory , a way of grossing and netting ... net output can be contested. The valuation standards applied may be contested and differ ... output measure, reflecting the new value produced by living labor. But there is also an ecology ecological criticism that is sometimes made. The argument here is that, in calculating net output ... in the open seas occurs, the cost of repairing that is not accounted for in the net output of polluters ... any problem of resource allocation see also Flatulence . DEFAULTSORT Net Output Category National ... more details
Output transformerless OTL is a term which describes a subset of vacuum tube audio power amplifier topologies, all of which omit an Transformer types Audio transformers output transformer for the purpose of greater linearity and fidelity. Conventional vacuum tube amplifier designs rely upon an output transformer to couple the amplifier s output stage to the loudspeaker . Instead, OTLs use one of two primary methods for output stage coupling direct coupling DC or capacitive coupling AC . Additional ... terms, including OCL output capacitorless which distinguishes OTL designs lacking an output coupling ... and misuse of the term OTL Section OR date November 2010 The term output transformerless being ... vacuum tube amplifiers, may be described as output transformerless . However, it has been generally ... electronics solid state power amplifier which lacks a conventional output transformer . This weakness ... coupling and variants Background The output coupling method of a vacuum tube amplifier generally serves two basic purposes Negation blocking of DC voltages in the output section to prevent a damaging ... impedance impedance of the conventional vacuum tube output section to the relatively low impedance ... s output section and the selection of vacuum tube types with sufficiently low impedance to allow ... at the amplifier s output terminals prior to operation. Capacitively coupled designs Like the direct .... Instead, DC voltage in the output section is blocked by an output coupling capacitor typically a large value 3000 6000 F electrolytic capacitor which is interposed between the amplifier s output section ... in standard terms. These designs employ what would appear to be a type of transformer at the output, but due to the atypical design and operation of this output coupling device transformer , these designs ..., no firm technical consensus exists as to how these designs should be classified. By output section topology There are several practical approaches to the design of an OTL amplifier s output ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2008 In economics , potential output also referred to as natural gross domestic product refers to the highest level of real vs. nominal in economics real Gross Domestic Product output that can be sustained over the long term. The existence of a limit is due to natural and institutional constraints. If actual GDP rises and stays above potential output, then in the absence of wage and price controls inflation tends to increase as demand exceeds supply and demand supply . This is because of the limited supply of workers and their time, capital equipment, and natural resources, along with the limits of our technology and our management skills. Graphically, the expansion of output beyond the natural limit can be seen as a shift of production volume above the optimum quantity on the average cost curve. Likewise, if GDP is below natural GDP, inflation will decelerate as suppliers lower prices to fill their excess production capacity. Potential output in macroeconomics corresponds to one point on the production possibilities frontier or curve for a society as a whole seen in introductory economics, reflecting natural, technological, and institutional constraints. Potential output has also been called the natural gross domestic product . If the economy is at potential, the unemployment rate equals the NAIRU or the natural rate of unemployment . There is great disagreement among economists as to what these rates actually are. Generally speaking, most central banks and other economic planning agencies attempt to keep GDP at or around the natural GDP level. This can be done in a number of ways the two most common strategies are expanding or contracting the government budget fiscal policy , and altering the money supply to change consumption and investment levels monetary policy . The difference between potential output and actual output is referred to as the GDP gap output or GDP gap Category Macroeconomics macroeconomics stub fr Production potentielle ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2007 Image Laser.svg thumb 275px Principal components of a laser br 1. Active laser medium br 2. Laser pumping energy br 3. High reflector br 4. Output coupler br 5. Laser beam An output coupler OC is a partially reflective mirror used in laser s to extract a portion of the laser beam from the optical resonator . Lasers operate by Reflection physics reflecting light between two or more mirrors which have an active laser medium between them. The medium amplifies the light by stimulated emission . For lasing to occur, the gain of the active medium must be larger than the total loss, which includes both unwanted effects such as Absorption electromagnetic radiation absorption , and the intentional release of energy through the output coupler. In other words the laser must attain lasing threshold threshold . There are two important properties of the output coupler Radii of curvature The output coupler may be either flat or Curved mirror curved , depending on the design of the optical cavity. The face of the output coupler facing into the cavity is the side with the applied partially reflective coating. This is the side which partially determines the laser modal properties. If this inner surface is curved then so must be the outer surface. This will stop the OC performing as a lens. The curvature of the outer surface can be designed to give a collimated laser output. This outer surface generally has an anti reflection coating applied to maximise the output power. Reflectance Reflectivity Depending on the gain of the medium, the amount of light the OC needs to reflect back can vary widely. Helium neon laser s require around a 99 reflective mirror to lase, while nitrogen laser s have an extremely high gain they are superradiant and do not require any OC 0 reflective . The reflectivity of any OC will vary with wavelength . A particular mirror may have a tuning range as low as a 10nm or so. For this reason the spectral properties of the OC are impo ... more details
Citations date January 2011 Infobox record label name Output Recordings image Image Output Recordings logo.png image bg parent founded 1996 founder Trevor Jackson musician Trevor Jackson status Defunct distributor genre Electroclash , post rock , post punk , dance punk , acid house , electronica country United Kingdom location url http outputrecordings.com Output Recordings was a United Kingdom British independent record label run by Trevor Jackson musician Trevor Jackson , between 1996 and 2006. Output released 100 albums over the ten year period, and several bands first appeared on this label, including Fridge band Fridge , Lisa Germano , Four Tet , Black Strobe , Colder artist Colder , Circlesquare , LCD Soundsystem , and Jackson s own Playgroup band Playgroup . Output Recordings also co distributed releases from DFA Records in Europe . References cite news first Laura last Pearson title Exclusive Output Recordings Calls It Quits url http pitchforkmedia.com article news 38539 exclusive output recordings calls it quits publisher Pitchfork Media date 2006 09 13 accessdate 2007 06 14 External links http www.outputrecordings.com Official webpage with catalog of unavailable releases http www.myspace.com outputrecordings Output Recordings on MySpace with streaming music http www.myspace.com playgroup Trevor Jackson on MySpace, with history of label Category British independent record labels Category Record labels established in 1996 UK record label stub ... more details
pp semi small yes sync Display device unreferenced date July 2007 An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system such as a computer to the outside world. In computing, input output , or I O, refers to the communication between an information processing system such as a computer , and the outside world. Inputs are the signals or data sent to the system, and outputs are the signals or data sent by the system to the outside. Examples of output devices Computer speaker Speakers Headphones Computer monitor Screen Monitor Printer computing Printer See also Graphical user interface s CAD CNC Computer controlled milling machine s Rapid prototyping Digital image processing Vector graphics vs. Raster graphics Graphics card Graphics chip Computer graphics Category Computing output devices bs Izlazni ure aj cs V stupn za zen de Ausgabeger t el ko kk lt I vesties renginys mk ms Peranti keluaran pt Dispositivo de sa da ru sq Pajisjet dal se sk V stupn zariadenie sh Izlazni ure aji ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 The output impedance , source impedance , or internal impedance of an electronic device is the opposition exhibited by its output terminals to the flow of an alternating current AC of a particular frequency as a result of Electrical resistance resistance , inductance and capacitance . It is the Th venin equivalent impedance looking back into the output terminals. In the case of a nonlinear device , such as a transistor , the term output impedance usually refers to the effect upon a small amplitude signal, and will vary with the bias point of the transistor, that is, with the DC current and voltage applied to the device. The small signal Electrical impedance impedance at DC frequency of 0 is the same as the resistive component of the impedance and is termed output resistance . It is important to realize that no real device Battery electricity battery , electrical generator generator , amplifier is a perfect source all have an internal impedance, though this may have little practical effect, depending on the circuit and the load. Depending on perspective, this impedance can be modeled as being in series with a ideal voltage source , or in parallel with a ideal ..., a preamplifier with 100 Ohm unit output impedance means the output voltage signal appears to be in series ... output impedance Z sub source sub of a power amplifier is usually less than 0.1 , but this is rarely ... DF math gives the small source impedance output impedance of the power amplifier. This can be calculated ... technically, more than 10 the output impedance of the device connected to them. This is called impedance ... or a matched connection. In this case, Z sub source sub Z sub load sub , DF 1 1 1 The actual output impedance for most devices is not the same as the rated output impedance. A power amplifier may have a rated impedance of 8 ohms, but the actual output impedance will vary depending on circuit conditions. The rated output impedance is simply that impedance into which the amplifier can deliver its ... more details
This hypothesis is closely related to the Noticing hypothesis . Swain defines three functions of output ... Learners reflect about the language they learn and hereby the output enables them to control and internalize linguistic knowledge. ref Swain, M. and Lapkin, S. 1995. Problems in output and the cognitive ..., p. 372 f. ref Criticisms Stephen Krashen argues that the basic problem with all output hypotheses is that output is rare, and comprehensible output is even rarer. Even when the language acquirer does ... Methods that are based on comprehensible output frequently put acquirers in this uncomfortable position. The comprehensible output theory is closely related to the need hypothesis, which states that we ... and literacy proficiency without any language output or production at all. ref Krashen, S. 1994 . The Input ... than increasing output, says Krashen. ref name Krashen2003 Wolfgang Butzkamm ref Butzkamm, Wolfgang ... more details
Infobox album Name Output Type Studio Artist Fedde Le Grand Cover Recorded 2007 2009 Released Start date 2009 9 14 br small see Release history release history small Genre House music House , electro house Length 54 19 Label Flamingo Recordings , Lifted House Producer Fedde Le Grand, Robin M, Funkerman , Raf, Christian von Staffeldt, Patric La Funk Reviews Urb rating 4 5 http www.urb.com 2009 10 12 fedde le grand output link mix1 rating 7 8 http www.artist area.de fedde le grand output limited edition link Last album Sessions br 2007 This album Output br 2009 Next album Misc Singles Name One Type Studio Single 1 3 Minutes to Explain Single 1 date August 13, 2008 Single 2 Scared Of Me Single 2 date May 18, 2009 Single 3 Output Single 3 date July 24, 2009 Single 4 Let Me Be Real Single 4 date August 28, 2009 Single 5 Back & Forth Single 5 date February 26, 2010 Single 6 New Life Single 6 date May 31, 2010 Output is the first artist album by Dutch people Dutch DJ and Record producer producer ... http www.feddelegrand.com releases output album.html Output ref It was also released in countries such as South ... was already released in summer 2008, but due to plans to release the album Output simultaneously ... single off the album, came out in May 2009 Output , the title track, was released as a digital single ... La Funk length11 3 59 title12 Output small F.L.G. small writer12 Fedde Le Grand length12 4 06 title13 ... 14, 2009 rowspan 2 Flamingo Recordings ref http www.feddelegrand.com releases output album.html ref Belgium Canada rowspan 1 SPG Music Ltd ref http itunes.apple.com ca album output id327269204 ref Denmark ... Ministry of Sound Australia ref http www.ministryofsound.com.au music release 2009 output ref Colombia ... grand lanza output su nuevo album ref Ecuador Peru Venezuela United States rowspan 1 September 29, 2009 ... links http www.feddelegrand.com releases output album.html Output at Fedde Le Grand s official site Category 2009 albums pt Output lbum de Fedde Le Grand ... more details
The Output Festival is Netherlands Dutch tri annual music festival which focuses on experimental music experimental , contemporary classical music contemporary electroacoustic music related to the electric guitar . Editions Image muziekgebouw amsterdam.jpg right 250px thumb Muziekgebouw aan t IJ and the Bimhuis , Amsterdam First edition The First edition was from Friday 8th until Sunday 10th of October 2004, located in the Paradiso Amsterdam Paradiso and De Balie in Amsterdam . The program consisted of performances by Scott Johnson composer Scott Johnson , Christian Wolff composer Christian Wolff , Peter Adriaansz and Christopher Fox composer Christopher Fox and also new performances of the work of Theo Loevendie , Steve Reich , Per N rg rd , Giacinto Scelsi and Frank Martin composer Frank Martin . Plug n Play One part of the festival is Plug n Play . On Sunday 10th of October 60 guitarists played a piece by composer Gilius van Bergeijk directed by Otto Tausk . Second edition The second edition, with the subtitle soul of the tone , took place between the 28th and 30th of September, 2007. The locations are Bimhuis and Muziekgebouw aan t IJ , both in Amsterdam . Performances The Wave of Chiel Meijering 150 amateur guitarists playing with Jan Akkerman An improvised music improvisation performance by Fred Frith A lecture by Yuri Landman The second edition has Nederlandse Programma Stichting NPS Radio 4 Netherlands Radio 4 as its co producer. The Festival is partnered by Stichting Gaudeamus . Third edition The third edition is planned for 2010. External links http www.outputfestival.com index.php?setTaal english www.outputfestival.com coord missing Netherlands Category Music festivals in the Netherlands Output Festival Category Improvisation Category Gaudeamus Foundation nl Output Festival ... more details
Orphan date June 2008 Unreferenced date November 2007 Output budgeting is a wide ranging management technique introduced into the United States in the mid 1960s by Robert S. McNamara s collaborator Charles J. Hitch , not always with ready cooperation with the administrators and based on the industrial management techniques of program budgeting. Subsequently, the technique has been introduced into other countries including Canada and the United Kingdom UK . Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System PPBS is in effect an integration of a number of techniques in a planning and budgeting process for identifying, costing and assigning a complexity of resources for establishing priorities and strategies in a major program and for forecasting costs, expenditure and achievements within the immediate financial year or over a longer period. United States Department of Defense leaders use their Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System to link operational requirements with financial obligations. Department of Defense branches typically divide the process into plans, programs and budgets. While planning, programming, and budgeting continues throughout the year, PPBS dictates a sequential and annual process culminating with annual Defense Plan, followed by a Defense Program, then a Defense Budget. PPBS requires Planners focus on operational requirements, programmers link the plans to a six year financial plan known as a Future Years Defense Plan FYDP , and budgeters prepare a two year Congressional budget. While each step contains more detailed financial data, the two year Congressional budget stems from the six year Future Years Defense Plan, which is based on the even longer term Defense Plan. Literature Department of Education and Science, London, England. 1970 . Output Budgeting for the Department of Education and Science , Pendragon House, Inc. 176 p. Christine E. Bonham, Elizabeth A. McClarin 2000 , http www.gao.gov archive 2000 ai00057.pdf Accrual Budgeting Experiences ... more details
Merge from Cardiac input date January 2010 cleanup date January 2010 Cardiac output Q or math dot Q c ... sum of output from the right ventricle and the output from the left ventricle during the phase of systole of the heart. An average resting cardiac output would be 5.6 L min for a human male ... activity can also increase cardiac output. HR can vary by a factor of approximately 3, between 60 ... EF SV EDV 100 Cardiac Output Q SV HR Cardiac index Cardiac Index CI Q Body Surface Area BSA SV HR ... research and clinical focus in cardiovascular medicine. Measuring cardiac output Circulation ... Cardiac output frac Quantity of Indicator int 0 infty Concentration of Indicator cdot dt math The trapezoid ... output, plus a group of important hemodynamic Blood Volumes BV variables, such as total end diastole ... line is recorded and displayed on the COstatus HCM101 Monitor. Cardiac output is calculated from ... cardiac output in pediatric ICU patients, COstatus has been demonstrated to be a safe and reproducible ... Doppler USCOM An Ultrasonic Cardiac Output Monitor USCOM Uscom Ltd, Sydney, Australia ... monitoring tool that measures cardiac output Q utilizing a standard arterial catheter. The device ... Vigileo or EV1000 monitor , derives left sided cardiac output Q from a sample of arterial pulsations ..., we can indirectly assess the effect of vascular tone allowing calculation of SV. Cardiac Output ... to measure Cardiac Output using an existing arterial catheter, and its automatic calibration features ... to follow cardiac output in cardiac surgical patients. J Cardiothor Vasc Anes 2010 24 4 709 711 ref ref Manecke G The FloTrac device should be used to follow cardiac output in cardiac surgical patients ... Assessment of cardiac output from systemic arterial pressure in humans journal Crit. Care Med. volume ... PRAM for measurement of cardiac output during various haemodynamic states journal Br J Anaesth volume ... Assessment of cardiac output in children a comparison between the pressure recording analytical ... more details
Summary Logo for Output Recordings , from http www.thewhitenoiserevisited.co.uk archive 2006 09 01 archive.html Here . Modified size and saved as Portable Network Graphics PNG . Licensing Non free logo ... more details
Wikify date April 2010 Orphan date August 2008 The Real Net Output Ratio or Vertical Range of Manufacture describes in a value chain the fraction of the internal company specific production on the total production value of one company. The total production value of a company consists of internal production plus the sum of externally produced goods and services. math textstyle Real ,Net ,Output ,Ratio frac internal ,production total ,production ,value frac internal ,production internal ,production , ,externally ,produced ,goods , ,externally ,produced ,services math A Real Net Output Ratio of 0 relates to a company that does not have an own production and therefore only does trading. DEFAULTSORT Real Net Output Ratio Category Business economics Econ stub de Fertigungstiefe ... more details
In computer science , an output sensitive algorithm is an algorithm whose running time depends not only on the size of the input but also on the size of the output. For certain problems where the output size varies widely, for example from linear in the size of the input to quadratic in the size of the input, analyses that take the output size explicitly into account can produce better runtime bounds that differentiate algorithms that would otherwise have identical asymptotic complexity. For example, convex hull algorithms for finding the convex hull of a finite set of points in the plane require Big O notation &Omega n log n time for n points even relatively simple algorithms like the Graham scan achieve this lower bound. If the convex hull uses all n points, this is the best we can do however, for many practical sets of points, and in particular for random sets of points, the number of points h in the convex hull is typically much smaller than n . Consequently, output sensitive algorithms such as the ultimate convex hull algorithm and Chan s algorithm which require only O n log h time are considerably faster for such point sets. Output sensitive algorithms arise frequently in computational geometry applications and have been described for problems such as hidden surface removal ref Micha Sharir , Mark Overmars . A simple output sensitive algorithm for hidden surface removal. ACM Transactions on Graphics. Vol. 11, issue 1, pp.1&ndash 11. January 1992. ISSN 0730 0301. http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 102377.112141 ACM portal login required ref and resolving range filter conflicts in router tables ref Khaireel A. Mohamed and Christine Kupich. An O n log n Output Sensitive ... ref . Frank Nielsen describes a general paradigm of output sensitive algorithms known as grouping .... Grouping and Querying A Paradigm to Get Output Sensitive Algorithms. Revised Papers from the Japanese ... into two stages estimating the output size, and then building data structures based on that estimate ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2007 A channel 3 4 output was a common output selection for most audiovisual devices sold in North America, that are intended to be connected to a television TV using a Radio frequency RF signal. This channel option was provided because it was rare to have broadcast channel s 3 and 4 used in the same market. The choice allowed the user to select the unused channel in their area so that the connected device would be able to provide video and audio on an RF feed to the television without excessive interference from a broadcast signal. RF modulation was common on equipment deployed in North America. Other countries had the RF output for video equipment on different groups of frequencies. For example, equipment sold in Europe, South Africa and Hong Kong used UHF channels 30 39 for this purpose. Equipment sold in Japan used channel 1 or 2 Channel 13 16 is for cable converter . With other channels being used for RF modulation function in other regions, channel 3 4 output is a misnomer for those regions. In Australia, some manufacturers used the channel 3 4 output, while other manufacturers would use the UHF channels 30 36 for this purpose. It become common for VCRs sold in that market since the mid 1990s to use this output specification as well. The other common output frequency set in Australia was Channel 0 and 1 on the VHF band throughout the 1980s. This was because most televisions that were deployed on the Australian market before model year 1980 could not receive the UHF band. It also is common to have this type of RF output on video cassette recorder s VCRs , early DVD players and video game consoles . VCR s ubiquity was responsible for making consumers familiar with RF modulation, which could explain its lasting popularity and use in all digital ... for the game. In many cases, an RF modulator was used to take the composite output from the game and modulate ... game consoles retain the ability to output through RF modulators, usually through a separately purchased ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
