Ostromir in Russian language Russian Christian name Joseph died c. 1057 was a statesman , Voivode voivod and posadnik of Novgorod in 1054 1057 and probably for some decades previous. Ostromir is known from the first Russian dated book, the Ostromir Gospels or Ostromir Codex , which he commissioned from his scribe Gregory. The chronicles record that Ostromir was the father of Vyshata and the grandfather of Yan Vyshatich . The Ostromir Gospels names his wife as Theophano, viewed by Andrzej Poppe as a daughter of Anna Porphyrogeneta and Vladimir the Great . ref . . . 6 16 . , 1997. ref Another popular speculation posits Konstantin Dobrynich as the father of Ostromir. ref . . . . , . 5, 1864. ref According to the First Sophia Chronicle , Ostromir died in 1056 during his military campaign against the Chud es. It is highly unlikely, however, since the afterword to the Ostromir Codex clearly states that he was still alive in 1057. Notes references Category Kievan Rus Category Posadniks of Novgorod Russia hist stub Russia bio stub be x old it Ostromir ru ... more details
Image Ostromirovo.jpg thumb 280px The Ostromir Codex , written in the Church Slavonic with many vernacular words, is famous for its brilliant miniatures. The opening of the Gospel of Saint John , with his Evangelist portrait . The Ostromir Gospels Russian is the second oldest dated East Slavic languages East Slavic book it was considered the first before the Novgorod Codex was discovered in 2000 . It was created by deacon Gregory for his patron, Posadnik Ostromir of Novgorod , in 1056 or 1057, probably as a gift for a monastery. The book The book is a illuminated manuscript Gospel Book lectionary containing only feast day and Sunday readings. It is written in a large uncial hand in two columns on 294 parchment sheets of the size 20 x 24 cm. Each page contains eighteen lines. The book is concluded by the scribe s notice about the circumstances of its creation. Three full page evangelist portrait s survive, by two different artists, and many pages have decorative elements. The close resemblance between this and the equivalent pages in the Mstislav Lectionary suggests they are both based on a common prototype, now lost. The two artists who produced the evangelist portraits were both heavily influenced by Byzantine models, but the style of the portraits of Saints Mark and Luke seems to derive from Byzantine enamelled plaques rather than manuscripts. Image OstromirGospel.jpg thumb right 220px Ostromir Gospel More early Russian manuscripts have survived from Novgorod, which was never occupied by the Mongol s, than any other centre. ref Popova, Olga, Russian Illuminated ... ostromir.htm Images from the Ostromir gospels http www.nlr.ru eng coll treasures 22.php ... Ostromir Goepsl at the National Library of Russia 2007 Category 1050s books Category East Slavic manuscripts ... Category 11th century biblical manuscripts de Ostromir Evangelium es Evangeliario de Ostromir it Vangeli di Ostromir pl Ewangeliarz Ostromira ru uk ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Yan Vyshatich in Russian language Russian c. 1016 June 24, 1106 was a Kiev an nobleman and military commander tysyatsky . The last known representative of the Dobrynya dynasty, Yan Vyshatich was the son of Vyshata and grandson of Ostromir . Historical clues about Yan s career are scarce. In the 1070s, Yan Vyshatich collected tribute for Sviatoslav II of Kiev Sviatoslav II near Beloozero and suppressed an uprising of smerd s there. He took part in military campaigns against the Polovtsy and internecine wars. Yan Vyshatich s tales of his and his ancestors campaigns were Nestor the Chronicler Nestor s major source in compiling the Russian Primary Chronicle . DEFAULTSORT Vyshatich, Yan Category Kievan Rus Category 1010s births Category 1106 deaths Category Russian knights be x old no Jan Vysjatitsj ru ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Vyshata was a Novgorod ian general and voivode , whose father is supposed to have been posadnik Ostromir and whose son was another statesman, Yan Vyshatich . Vyshata was an associate of Vladimir Yaroslavovich while the last ruled in Novgorod . The authors of the Primary Chronicle made use of Yan s tales, tending to emphasise Vyshata s leadership in the Rus Byzantine War 1043 Russo Byzantine war of 1043 at the expense of Ivan Tvorimich , who was most likely the commander in chief. After his defeat near Constantinople , Vyshata was taken prisoner and spent three years in confinement in Byzantium. Vyshata is mentioned as the right hand man to Sadko , in Onega Novgorod Bylinas . He is known to have two sons Yan Vyshatich Ioann and Putiata. Category Kievan Rus Category Novgorod Republic Category Russian military leaders Category Russian knights be x old ru ... more details
Aprakos is a kind of Gospel or Acts of the Apostles book, otherwise known as weekly or service Gospel Acts . In aprakoses, the text is organized not in the natural order of books, but along with the weekly church readings starting from the Holy Easter Week as used in the Eastern Orthodox Church . In particular, the text of Aprakos Gospels begins with the first chapter of Gospel according to John In the beginning was the Word... , whereas regular Gospels Tetra Gospels begin with the Gospel according to Matthew The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David... . Many Church Slavonic oldest Slavic manuscripts are aprakoses, like Codex Zographensis or Ostromir Gospels . Similar books used in the Western Christianity Catholic Church and others are known as Lectionary Lectionaries the term of much broader meaning , or Gospels only as Evangeliarium or Evangelistarium. External links http www.spinnoff.com zbb viewtopic.php?p 7881&sid dbdfb0e63608a8da4aad1ede56682239 A discussion on the word aprakos Category Eastern Orthodox liturgical books Christian book stub ru ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Vostokov.jpg 125px right Alexander Vostokov Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov lang ru OldStyleDate March 27 1781 March 16 OldStyleDate February 20 1864 February 8 was one of the first Russia n philologist s . He was born in Arensburg , Governorate of Livonia , and studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts . As a natural son of Baron von Osten Sacken, he received the name Osteneck, which he later chose to render into Russian language Russian as Vostokov Ost , the German word for east, translates to vostok in Russian . He liked to experiment with language and, in one of his poems, introduced the female name Svetlana , which would gain popularity through Vasily Zhukovsky Zhukovsky s eponymous ballad. During his lifetime, Vostokov was known as a poet and translator, but it is his innovative studies of versification and comparative Slavonic grammars which proved most influential. In 1815, he joined the staff of the Imperial Public Library , where he discovered the most ancient dated book written in Slavonic vernacular, the so called Ostromir Gospel . In 1841, Vostokov was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences . Vostokov s works on the Church Slavonic language were considered a high watermark of Slavic studies until the appearance of Izmail Sreznevsky s comprehensive lexicon in 1893 1903 and garnered him the doctorates honoris causa from the Charles University and University of T bingen . Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Vostokov, Alexander ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1781 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1864 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Vostokov, Alexander Category 1781 births Category 1864 deaths Category Russian philologists Category Baltic Germans Category Slavists Category Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences Category People from Kuressaare Category People from Livonia Category Demidov Prize laureates ru , sv Aleksand ... more details
Dobrynya lang ru was Vladimir the Great s maternal uncle and tutor who was later transformed into the invincible bogatyr Dobrynya Nikitich in the Bylina Russian folklore . Dobrynya s life and extent of his influence on Vladimir are shrouded in speculation and controversy. It is fairly certain that his sister Malusha was Vladimir s mother. It is also generally accepted that Dobrynya s posadnik dynasty in Novgorod was continued by his son Konstantin Dobrynich and grandson Ostromir . ref . . . . , . 5, 1864. ref According to the Novgorod chronicles, it was at his urging that Svyatoslav I sent his illegitimate son, Vladimir, to govern Novgorod, with Dobrynya as his tutor. Nine years later, Dobrynya persuaded Vladimir to wrest Kiev from his brother Yaropolk of Kiev Yaropolk . On their way to Kiev, Yaropolk s bride, Rogneda of Polotsk , offended Dobrynya by calling his sister a bondswoman . Dobrynya took his revenge by arranging Rogneda s rape by Vladimir. After Vladimir s enthronment in Kiev, Dobrynya returned to rule Novgorod in his name. He accompanied his nephew in the 985 expedition against Volga Bulgaria and, following his lead, erected an idol of Perun on the bank of the Volkhov River . After the Baptism of Kiev , he is said to have forced the Novgorodians into Christianity by fire . Vasily Tatishchev wrote that Dobrynya, along with Bishop Ioakim Korsunianin , faced a violent, pagan mob which burned Dobrynya s house and killed his wife and several other family members. ref Vasilii Tatishchev, Istoriia rossiiskaia , A. I. Andreev, et al., eds. Moscow and Leningrad AN SSSR, 1962 vol. 1, pp. 112 113. ref Notes references Category Kievan Rus Category Posadniks of Novgorod Category 10th century births Category Russian knights be x old es Dobrynya it Dobrynja di Novgorod pl Dobrynia wojewoda ru ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2008 Image AK Zaglowiec Tablica.jpg thumb right 200px Plaque to commemorate soldiers of the aglowiec Group , placed in the point of concentration of its units on pl Kalendarium powstania warszawskiego 1 sierpnia 1 August 1944 on Dymi ska 10 street in Warsaw. The aglowiec Group Polish Zgrupowanie aglowiec Sailing ship Group a group of conspiracy military units of Armia Krajowa in the Sub district II of oliborz of Armia Krajowa Sub district II of oliborz in oliborz of Warsaw during the German occupation of Poland . They fought in the Warsaw Uprising in 1944 . Organisation Commander captain Marian Kami ski pseudonym. aglowiec , 201st platoon commanded by sec. lieutenant Eugeniusz Piotrowski pseudonym Gama , 202nd platoon commanded by sec. lieutenant Tadeusz Magier pseudonym ytomirski , 204th platoon commanded by lieutenant Wac aw Wysocki pseudonym Piotr , 205th platoon commanded by officer cadet Micha Chur o pseudonym Vis , 206th platoon commanded by sec. lieutenant Witold Jab onowski pseudonym Marek , 207th platoon commanded by lieutenant Henryk Czerwiec pseudonym Jaskulski , 208th platoon commanded by sec. lieutenant Edward Bonarowski pseudonym Ostromir , 209th platoon commanded by sec. lieutenant J zef Krzywnicki pseudonym Prawdzic . Course of combat in the Warsaw Uprising 1944 The group waged fights in oliborz of the Warsaw Citadel , Forty Traugutta Traugutt s Forts , Plac Inwalid w and oliborz Oficerski Officers oliborz . A significant effort of aglowiec Group were two unsuccessful night attacks on the Warsaw Gda sk Station done in the night from pl Kalendarium powstania warszawskiego 20 sierpnia 20 to pl Kalendarium powstania warszawskiego 21 sierpnia 21 August , during an attempt of military units from Kampinos forest to fight their way to relieve the falling Warsaw Old Town . Human losses of the group amounted to 24 of killed and 21 wounded. See also ubr Group mija Group niwiarz Group yrafa Group bik Group pol ... more details
Posadnik Cyrillic was the mayor in some East Slavic peoples East Slavic cities or towns. Most notably, the posadnik equivalent to a stadtholder , Burgomaster burgomeister , or podest in the medieval west was the mayor of Novgorod and Pskov . The term comes from the Old Church Slavic posaditi, meaning to put or place they were so called because the prince in Kiev originally placed them in the city to rule on his behalf. Beginning in the twelfth century, they were elected locally. Novgorod Despite legends of posadniks such as Gostomysl that were set in the ninth century, the term posadnik first appeared in the Primary Chronicle under the year 997. The earliest Novgorodian posadniks include Dobrynya an uncle of Vladimir the Great , his son Konstantin Dobrynich and Ostromir , who is famous for patronizing the Ostromir Gospels , among the first books published in Russia it is now housed in the National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg . In the Novgorod Republic , the city posadnik was elected from among the boyar s by the veche public assembly . The elections were held annually. Novgorod boyars differed from boyars in other Rus lands in that the category was not castelike and that every rich merchant could reasonably hope to reach the rank of boyar. Valentin Yanin , the Soviet dean of medieval Novgorodian history, has found that most posadniks held the office consecutively for sometimes a decade or more and then often passed the office on to their sons or another close relative, indicating that the office was held within boyar clans and that the elections were not really free and fair. ref Valentin Lavrent evich Yanin, Novgorodskie Posadniki Moscow Moscow State University, 1962 reprinted Moscow Iazyki Russkoi kultury, 2003 . ref Yanin s theory challenged historians understanding of the Novgorod Republic, showing it to be a boyar republic with little or no democratic elements. It also showed the land owning boyarstvo to be more powerful than the merchant and ... more details
for the library some of its most invaluable treasures, namely the Ostromir Gospel , the earliest book ... Codex ca. 1010 Image Ostromirovo.jpg Ostromir Gospel 1056 Image Kiev psalter.jpg Spiridon Psalter ... more details
has the order distinct from readings of the Ostromir Gospel , and also there are inserts absent ... to which other monuments of that period were written e.g. Ostromir Gospel . See also Slavic translations ... more details
250px Ostromir Gospels from Novgorod mid eleventh century Other eleventh century writers are Theodosius ... 1911 Reflist External links http character.webzone.ru ostromir.htm Ostromir s Gospel Online http www.drevne.ru ... more details
of Pskov Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans Novgorod Codex Novgorod First Chronicle Ostromir Gospel ... Codex Old East Slavic language OstromirOstromir Gospel Pechenegs Perun Posadnik Primary Chronicle ... more details
Image Novgorod Codex Page.jpg thumb right 1st Page of the Codex at the time of Discovery Novgorod Codex lang ru is a name for the oldest book of Rus Rus , unearthed on July 13, 2000 in Novgorod . It is a palimpsest consisting of three bound wooden tablets containing four pages filled with wax, on which its former owner wrote down dozens, probably hundreds of texts during two or three decades, each time wiping out the preceding text. According to the data obtained by Stratification archeology stratigraphy and dendrochronology , radiocarbon dating carbon dating and from the text itself where the year 999 occurs several times , the wax codex was used in the first quarter of the 11th century and maybe even in the last years of the 10th century. It is therefore older than the Ostromir Gospels , the earliest precisely dated East Slavic book. Discovery and description Image Novgorod Velikaya Ulitza.jpg thumb left 200px Excavated Novgorod Boardwalk, built ca. 1120 Since 1932 the ancient Russian city of Novgorod has been continuously excavated by the Novgorod Archaeological Expedition started by Artemiy Artsikhovsky . Since the early 1970s the excavations focused on the Troitza Trinity area of the ancient Ludin part of town, covering nearly 6,000 square meters 64,500 square feet . The area excavated housed affluent mansions and a large 1,200 square meter 13,000 sq ft communal building used a court house and a Novgorod city treasury. On July 13, 2000, the expedition headed by prof. Valentin Yanin discovered three wooden wax tablet s in the soil. The tablets were 19 x 15 x 1 cm, and they have a 15 x 11.5 cm indentation filled with wax. Two of the tablets have one wax layer and one blank wooden side, and a third tablet has two wax sides. The boards have round holes at one edge, through which wooden pegs were inserted, holding the tablets together as a four page book. The tablets were discovered in a stratum 50 cm away and 30 cm below a wo ... more details
File Ostromirovo.jpg thumb 280px John 1 1 from the Ostromir Gospel , with John s Evangelist portrait , 1056 or 1057. John 1 1 is the first verse in the Gospel of John . The King James Version of the verse reads, In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God . The phrase the Word a translation of the Greek language Greek word Logos Christianity Logos refers to Jesus , as indicated in other verses later in the same chapter. ref See verses 14 17 And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth. John bore witness about him, and cried out, This was he of whom I said, He who comes after me ranks before me, because he was before me. ... For the law was given through Moses grace and truth came through Jesus Christ. ref This verse, and the continuation of the ideas introduced in it throughout Johannine literature , connected the Christian understanding of Jesus to the philosophical idea of the Logos and the Hebrew Wisdom literature , and set the stage for later developments in Trinitarianism Trinitarian theology and Christology . This sentence could be worded more clearly, or removed. Source text and translations class wikitable Translation John 1 1 Koine Greek language Greek polytonic , , . ref name CT The Greek English New Testament. Christianity Today. 1975 ref Greek transliteration En arch n ho L gos, kai ho L gos n pros ton The n, kai The s n ho L gos. Coptic versions of the Bible Sahidic Sahidic Coptic language Sahidic Coptic , . Coptic transliteration Hn teHoueite neFSoop nCi pSaJe auw pSaJe neFSoop nnaHrm pnoute auw neunoute pe pSaJe. ref name CT Sahidica 2.01. J. Warren Wells. 2007.January.28 http www.biblical data.org coptic Sahidic NT.pdf ref Latin language Latin Vulgate In principio erat Verbum ... more details
, Ostromir, Mezamir, Radom r, Jaromir Jarom r , Kanimir, Bratomira, Mojm r I Mojmir , Uniemir, Vitomir ... wole to prefer Wolebor, Wolimir, Wolis aw ostro sharp Ostromir, Ostrogniew dom house Domarad, Domos aw ... more details
This article deals with the history of bible translations translation of the Bible into Slavic languages , beginning in the second half of the 9th century. Old Church Slavonic and Church Slavonic File Ostromirovo.jpg thumb right Ostromir Gospel from Novgorod 1057 The oldest translation, commonly called the Old Church Slavonic , is closely connected with the activity of the two apostles to the Slavs, Saints Cyril and Methodius Cyril and Methodius , in Great Moravia , 864 865 . The oldest manuscripts are written either in the so called Cyrillic or the Glagolitic character. The former is the Greek majuscule writing of the 9th century with the addition of new characters for Slavic sounds which are not found in the Greek language Greek of that time the latter was a style writing that was completely independent of any other writing system, which ceased to be used as late as the 20th century. The oldest manuscripts are written in the Glagolitic, which is older than the Cyrillic. The oldest manuscripts extant belong to the 10th or 11th century, and the first complete collection of Biblical books in the Church Slavonic language originated in Imperial Russia Russia in the last decade of the 15th century. It was completed in 1499 under the auspices of Archbishop Gennady Archbishop of Novgorod Gennady of Novgorod 1484 1504 , and the Old Testament was translated partly from the Vulgate , and partly from the Septuagint . The New Testament is based upon the old Church Slavonic translation. That Bible, called the Gennady Bible Gennadievskaia Biblia is now housed in the State Historical Museum State History Museum on Red Square . File Psaltyr 1570.jpg thumb left Psalter of Ivan Fyodorov printer Ivan Fyodorov , 1570 During the 16th century a greater interest in the Bible was awakened in South and West Russia, owing to the controversies between adherents of the Russian Orthodox Church Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church Roman Catholics and Eastern Catholic Churches Greek Cat ... more details
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