Orphan date February 2009 OpticalRFID aka OPID is an alternative to RFID that is based on optical readers. Applications for opticalRFID tags may be found in future supply chain scenarios. The main advantage in comparison to traditional RFID tags is their low price and the usually employed offline preaggregation of data to the class level. Unlike most other RFID chips which use radio frequencies of 0.125 0.1342, 0.140 0.1485, 13.56, and 868 928 MHz , opticalRFID operates in the electromagnetic spectrum between the frequency frequencies of 333 Hertz SI multiples THz 3.33× 10 sup 14 sup hertz , 900 nanometer nm , 380 THz 788 nm and 750 THz 400 nm . The tag information is communicated to the reader by reflecting the read request. Parts of the incoming signal are filtered by the tag in a well defined way as it is sent back to the reader. On the reader s side, the tag data can be deduced by analysing the pattern used for filtering. ref cite web author Imagineering year 2007 title Optically Powered RFID Tags and Optical Tag Readers url http www.imagineeringezine.com e zine OPID.html accessdate 2009 03 27 ref . As an alternative to reflection mode, active circuits can be used, replacing awkward RFID antennae with photovoltaic components and IR LED s on the ICs. Kodak has also announced a OPID product for tracking pharmaceuticals ref cite web author Claire Swedberg RFID Journal year 2007 title Kodak Markets Optical Marker as RFID Alternative url http www.rfidjournal.com article articleview 3995 1 1 accessdate 2009 03 27 ref Regarding privacy, opticalRFID provides much more protection against abuse than RFID based on common electromagnetic waves. This is mainly because Line of sight propagation line of sight is required for malicious read out. Such an attack can easily be prevented with low cost opticalRFID sight blockers. Nevertheless if needed some penetration of solids and liquids can be achieved e.g. with Near IR wavelengths. References reflist 2 Category Radio ... more details
Infobox company company name IRAN RFID company logo Image NOSA.jpg NOSA Logo company type Division business Division company slogan Quality development leads to free support and high satisfaction foundation Tehran , Iran 1988 location city Tehran location country Iran area served Middle East key people Ahmad Mohammad Zadeh small br Chief Executive Officer small br Bahram Najafi small br Chief technical officer Chief Technology Officer small small br Ali Komaie br small RFID Project Manager industry RFID products RFID Solutions num employees 80 2009 homepage http www.nosa.com www.nosa.com IRAN RFID ref http www.IRAN RFID.com ref is a Division business division of Iran Software & Hardware Co. NOSA . IRAN RFID designs, develops and implements total solutions using a range of RFID technologies procured from leading hardware manufacturers in the field. The first successful RFID project in Iran was implemented Iran RFID for Iran s Academy of art s library. ref http library.honar.ac.ir ref List of RFID Solutions that IRAN RFID is equipped to deploy is RFID Asset Solution, br RFID Inventory Solution, br RFID Document Solution, br RFID Tracking and Management Solution, br RFID Airport Solution Baggage Tracking, Passenger Tracking , br RFID SCM Solution, br RFID Brand protection Solution, br RFID Railway Solution, br RFID Intelligent Card Passport, Driving License.. br See also Communications in Iran Iran Software & Hardware Co. NOSA References references External links http www.iran rfid.com IRAN RFID website http nosa.com NOSA website Category Companies of Iran Category Computer companies Category Radio frequency identification companies Category Software companies of Iran ... more details
Mobile RFID and Fixed RFID There are two types of RFID fixed RFID and mobile RFID. The fixed type RFID is for RFID reader to communicate with stationary tags. On the other hand, the mobile type RFID is either for mobile RFID reader to communicate with stationary tag, or for stationary RFID reader to communicate with mobile tag. In a mobile RFID where the RFID tag is attached to a mobile object such as a vehicle, a human, or an animal, information is more difficult to detect than in the case where the tag is attached to a stationary object. ref Minho Jo, Hee Yong Youn, Si Ho Cha, and Hyunseung Choo, Mobile RFID Tag Detection Influence Factors and Prediction of Tag Detectability, Feb., 2009. Download http multimedia.korea.ac.kr papers minhojo 12 IEEE 20SJ Vol9 20No2 Feb 202009 pp112 119.pdf ref According to ITU T, Mobile RFID M RFID can be defined as services that provide information on objects equipped with an RFID tag over a telecommunication network. ref C. Seidler. RFID Opportunities for mobile telecommunication services, ITU T Lighthouse Technical Paper. May 2005. http www.itu.int ITU T techwatch rfid.pdf. ref . The reader is installed in a mobile device such as a mobile phone or PDA. This completely new approach is different from current implementations of ordinary RFID Now the readers are mobile and the tags are fixed, instead the other way around. M RFID has some major and obvious advantages over RFID No wires to fixed readers are needed anymore and several mobile readers are enough to cover a whole area, instead of dozens of fixed readers ref S.M. Birari, S. Iyer. Mitigating the reader collision problem in RFID networks with mobile readers. In Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on Networks, 2005. ref . memo The main focus is on supporting supply ... Air Interface specification for Mobile RFID interrogator is the first standard to be developed for Mobile RFID. References div class references small references div See also MIIM RFID Real time locating ... more details
refimprove date November 2009 Notability date March 2009 RFID Journal is an independent media company devoted solely to radio frequency identification RFID and its business applications. A bi monthly print ... aspects of RFID technology. The Web site includes an FAQs section, organized by topic, bulletin boards, a blog, an RFID event calendar, a searchable vendor directory, a career center, and a store where visitors can purchase reports by RFID Journal and others. Print edition RFID Journal magazine ... the cost of RFID mandates with internal savings, and aligning an RFID deployment strategy with a company s overall business strategy. Launched on March 1, 2002, RFID Journal, LLC is a privately held corporation headquartered in Melville, N.Y. RFID Journal serves its membership both nationally and internationally, in a wide variety of industries. RFID Journal is edited by Mark Roberti. ref http www.wired.com news privacy 0,1848,67192,00.html Ridge Says RFID Boosts Security ref Roberti speaks at more ... 0,70308 0.html RFID Sign of the End Times? ref ref http portland.bizjournals.com portland stories 2005 10 10 focus2.html?hbx e sw Oregon RFID companies take cue from Wal Mart drive ref ref http www.newscientist.com article.ns?id dn4542 Casino chips to carry RFID tags ref ref http www.open mag.com features Vol 82 rfid rfid.htm 2005 Tagged RFID High Noon ref Online edition The RFID Journal Web site provides news about RFID. The focus is on keeping readers informed about the latest deployments ... studies, and special reports that explain the technology s capabilities and limits. Conferences RFID .... The dates, locations, and themes for the 2011 events are RFID Journal LIVE Orlando, Florida Orlando , FL, April 12 14, 2011 RFID in Health Care. Chicago , September 2011 RFID in Energy. Houston , September 2011 RFID in Fashion. New York , September 2011 RFID Journal LIVE Asia. Hong Kong , October 2011 RFID Journal LIVE Latin America. October 2011 RFID Journal LIVE Europe. Amsterdam , November ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The RFID Zapper is an electronic device which can permanently deactivate passive RFID chips. In contrast to other methods e.g. microwave radiation, cutting the chip s Antenna radio antenna the item to which the chip is attached will not be damaged unless it is something that suffers damage from electrical field s . The concept of the RFID Zapper was presented on the Chaos Communication Congress Chaos Communication Congress 2005 . Concept The existing RFID Zapper prototype s were built using disposable camera s with flash. The flash is removed and the flash capacitor is connected to a Solenoid coil . When the capacitor is charged and the circuit closed with a switch, the coil produces a strong electromagnetic pulse. The field induces a Electric current current inside the chip which should be large enough to destroy it. A shock device for self defense purposes can also be used to deactivate RFID chips, tags or ID cards. For optimum performance, the RFID device should be placed between the electrodes of two shock devices. When the shock devices are turned on for a few seconds, the electronics in the RFID device are destroyed. The shock devices are strong enough to deactivate RFID devices that are laminated or in plastic coverings. External links https events.ccc.de congress 2005 wiki RFID Zapper EN project page of the 22C3 http www.rfidtrackingsystem.org RFID Tracking Category Electronic circuits Category Radio frequency identification ru RFID Zapper ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 RFID Radio was created in collaboration with Academia RFID . It is a podcast designed to train and inform all kinds of listeners, from the novice to the professional, from the simple amateur to the specialized technician, who are all curious and want to know more about RFID . The various capsules will explain RFID technology in all of its aspects general information, latest technological advancements, current events, case studies, etc. As well, there will be a blog to make sure the listeners can interact, and the expectations and opinions of the participants will then be used to further advance the project. Episodes Empty section date July 2010 See also RFID Near Field Communication Local Positioning Systems Local Positioning Systems Barcode Smart cards References references External links http www.rfidradio.com RFID Radio Category Radio frequency identification ... more details
Multiple issues wikify July 2010 cleanup July 2010 orphan July 2010 RFID on metal abbreviated to ROM refers to radio frequency identification RFID tags which perform a specific function when attached to metal objects. The ROM tags overcome some of the problems traditional RFID tags suffer when near metal, such as detuning and reflecting of the RFID signal, which can cause poor tag read range, phantom reads, or no read signal at all. The RFID on metal tags are designed to compensate for the effects of metal. There are several tag design methods to create ROM tags. The original method was to provide a spacer to shield the tag Antenna radio antenna from the metal, creating bigger tags. New techniques focus on specialized antenna design that utilizes the metal interference and signal reflection ... Wimmer, 2009 RFID transponders, Inlays, IC s, ITU T Lighthouse Technical Paper. May 2009. http www.vdcresearch.com Documents executivebrief wp attachment 2526.pdf. ref RFID on metal transponders will continue ... cylinders. ref How RFID can read in metal XERAFY. http www.xerafy.com main sites default files Can RFID Tags Work inside Metalv2 Talton.pdf, 2010 ref The technology is evolving to allow transponders ... to grave. The main focus for RFID inside metal is tool tracking, weapon tracking, and medical device ... cite web url http www.slideshare.net DennisKhoo 2010 alien conference wayne laffite the rfid rom tagging challenge title 2010 Alien Conference Wayne Laffite The RFID ROM Tagging Challenge publisher SlideShare ... Applications of RFID Systems, 2004 http rfidconnect.com BlogDetails.aspx?id dfdaccff f010 4e3a a57a bcbca1028dbf Right Here, Right Now, RFID, June 9, 2010 http blog.odintechnologies.com odin rfid blog bid 46324 RFID Reads Through Metal Yes, RFID Blog Reading Through Metal http blog.odintechnologies.com odin rfid blog bid 35736 RFID Weapons and Firearms Tracking Video RFID Weapons Tracking ... Electronic Product Code Alien Technology ODIN technologies RFID Category Radio frequency identification ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox Book name RFID Applied author Jerry Banks , Manuel A. Pachano , Les G. Thompson , David Hanny image genre Engineering language English language English publisher John Wiley & Sons release date 2007 pages 528 isbn 978 0 471 79365 6 dewey 658.7 87 22 congress TS160 .R435 2007 oclc 71778944 Overview Radio frequency identification or RFID is a broad based technology that impacts business and society. With the rapid expansion of the use of this technology in everything from consumer purchases to security ID tags, to tracking bird migration, there is very little information available in book form. Where most of the books available cover specific technical underpinnings of RFID or specific segments of the market, this book, co authored by both academic and industry professionals, will provide a broad background on the technology and the various applications of RFID around the world. Coverage is be mainly non technical, more business related for the broadest user base, however there will be sections that step into the technical aspects for advanced, more technical readers. Category Engineering books Category 2007 books Category Radio frequency identification ... more details
Licensing GFDL self migration relicense duplicate file info otheraddress Image RFID guardian 03.jpg othertext big Summary big RFID Guardian big Licensing big Template GFDL self no disclaimers end duplicate file info template ... more details
Licensing GFDL self migration relicense duplicate file info otheraddress Image RFID guardian 04.jpg othertext big Summary big RFID Guardian big Licensing big Template GFDL self no disclaimers end duplicate file info template ... more details
Extended Capability RFID . ref name IT Reseller http www.itrportal.com absolutenm templates article barcode.aspx?articleid 5098&zoneid 6 RFID and Extended Capabilities , IT Reseller , July 28 2008 ref is a marketing category for RFID . The term suggests the impression to go beyond the basic capabilities of standard RFID. However, evolution of RFID technology is steadily going on, whereas demand hides behind the looking for the ultimate improvements. What has been extended yesterday will be common denominator tomorrow. The limiting factor for RFID will always be physics and regulation for radio frequency applications and technologies. Extended capability RFID is said to provide the ability to read at longer distances and around challenging environments, to store large amounts of data on the tag, to integrate with sensors, and to communicate with external devices. Such combinations are fairly available on the markets, but under all conditions have respective prices. On the other hand, for example longer reading distances is equivalent to lesser object discrimination capability The remaining challenge remains to define the appropriate solution and to select from existing offerings, instead of waiting for the next improvement. Examples of extended capability RFID tag technologies include EPC C1G2 with extended memory e.g. 64Kb , battery assisted passive, and active RFID. Battery assisted passive, also known as semi passive or semi active, has the ability to extend the read range of standard passive technologies to well over 50 meters. ref name eWeek http www.eweek.com c a Enterprise Apps Motorola Intelleflex Partner on RFID Technology Motorola, Intelleflex Partner on RFID Technology ... a signal when interrogated, thus extending battery life. Active RFID, which can have some of the features ... ISO IEC 18000 6 2010 Standard addresses Battery Assisted Passive RFID in Chapter 11.5 of the standard ... capability RFID include Yard Management, Parts Maintenance and Repair Operations, Cold Chain for Perishable ... more details
orphan date August 2010 Infobox Company company name Guard RFID Solutions Inc. company logo company type Privately held foundation 2007 location city Delta, British Columbia Delta location province British Columbia location country Canada key people Zahir Abji, Founder, President & CEO br industry Active RFID Solutions num employees 15 20 2010 homepage http www.guardrfid.com www.guardrfid.com footnotes Guard RFID Solutions Inc. provides Real Time Location Systems RTLS through active Radio frequency identification RFID solutions for the protection, identification, tracking and location of people, products or assets in almost any type of environment. Headquartered in Delta, British Columbia , GuardRFID has created active RFID solutions with Total Cost of Ownership TCO comparable to passive RFID solutions. Founded by experienced industry veterans, http ca.linkedin.com in zabji Zahir Abji and http ca.linkedin.com in allymullani Ally Mullani in 2007, Guard RFID Solutions Inc. was established to provide inexpensive active RFID technology on a reliable platform ref http guardrfid.com company 6 about guard rfid ref . An engineering company, GuardRFID develops active RFID tags, readers and middleware ... potential for revenue growth ref http guardrfid.com news 57 guard rfid solutions inc named ... GuardRFID began by introducing the smallest and lowest priced active RFID tags available. The company ..., locating algorithms, database management and RFID hardware components. Due to the platform ... is the active RFID tags. Guard s advanced active RFID tag technology allows long read ranges and the ability ..., controllers and exciters that form the active RFID infrastructure within a building or area. These components ... guardrfid.com healthcare ref . In 2009, GuardRFID integrated its active RFID platform and its software ...?Title Guard RFID integrates with Milestone IP video for healthcare security and access control visibility ... based solutions. ref http guardrfid.com industrial ref As examples, the company s active RFID platform ... more details
Image RFID key.gif frame right RFID Information Center system The IBM RFID Information Center RFIDIC software solution is based on EPCglobal s Electronic Product Code Information Services EPCIS standard specification. RFID Information Center enables tracking of uniquely identifiable serialized product throughout the supply chain. Despite the name, the RFID Information Center is sensor agnostic, meaning it recognizes product serialized with RFID , barcode and or 2D barcode . This IBM WebSphere middleware offering is a software product that falls within IBM s broader IBM Information Management Software line. History RFIDIC V1.0 December 2006 Shipment Verification Feature December 2006 RFIDIC V1.1 August 2007 ePedigree Feature August 2007 EPCglobal http www.epcglobalinc.org certification sw cert Certified October 2007 http www.epcglobalinc.org certification sw cert EPCglobal Certified EPCIS Software Products 10.24.07.pdf EPCIS Standard EPCglobal http www.epcglobalinc.org certification sw cert Certified January 2008 http www.epcglobalinc.org certification sw cert EPCglobal Certified DP Software Products 01 18 08 2.pdf Drug Pedigree Standard http www 01.ibm.com software data infosphere traceability server InfoSphere Traceability Server V2.0 October 2008 Shipment Verification Feature RFIDIC Shipment Verification feature provides an automated means to track shipments and confirm receipts ... rfidhelp v1r1 index.jsp RFID Information Center Documentation ref The retail distribution center ships totes to the retail pharmacy . Object events with a business step of shipping are sent to the RFID ... receives the totes. Object events with a business step of receiving are sent to the RFID Information ... software data masterdata rfid IBM WebSphere RFID Information Center http www.watchit.com IPV html IPV ... http www.ddj.com web development 196700187 Chris Clauss on Dr. Dobb s IBM DEFAULTSORT Ibm Rfid Information Center Category IBM software RFID Information Center Category Radio frequency identification ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The path that light takes in traversing an optical system is often called the optical path . The physical length of an optical device can be reduced to less than the length of the optical path by using folded optics . The optical path length as defined in optics is the length of the path multiplied by the index of refraction of the medium. See also Optical path length DEFAULTSORT Optical path Category Optics Optics stub de Strahlengang it Cammino ottico sv Str lg ng ... more details
Optical wireless is the combined use of opticaloptical fiber optical fibre and wireless radio radio frequency communication to provide telecommunications telecommunication to clusters of end points which are geographically distant. The optical fibre is used to span the longest distances, then a wireless link transmits the signal to nearby houses. telecom stub Sources http searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com sDefinition 0,,sid40 gci760820,00.html Optical communication Category Optical communications Category Local loop ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Optical physics , or optical science , is a subfield of atomic, molecular, and optical physics . It is the study of the generation of electromagnetic radiation , the properties of that radiation, and the interaction of that radiation with matter , especially its manipulation and control. It differs from general optics and optical engineering in that it is focused on the discovery and application of new phenomena. There is no strong distinction, however, between optical physics, applied optics, and optical engineering, since the devices of optical engineering and the applications of applied optics are necessary for basic research in optical physics, and that research leads to the development of new devices and applications. Often the same people are involved in both the basic research and the applied technology development. Researchers in optical physics use and develop light sources that span the electromagnetic spectrum from microwave s to X ray s. The field includes the generation and detection of light, linear and nonlinear optics nonlinear optical processes, and spectroscopy . Laser s and laser spectroscopy have transformed optical science. Major study in optical physics is also devoted to quantum optics and Coherence physics coherence , and to femtosecond optics. In optical physics, support is also provided in areas such as the nonlinear response of isolated atoms to intense, ultra short electromagnetic fields, the atom cavity interaction at high ... include the development of novel optical techniques for nano optical measurements, diffractive optics , low coherence interferometry , optical coherence tomography , and near field microscopy . Research in optical physics places an emphasis on ultrafast optical science and technology. The applications of optical physics create advancements in telecommunication communications , medicine , manufacturing ... Optical Physics Category Atomic, molecular, and optical physics Category Optics bn ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Optical storage is a term from engineering referring to the storage of data on an optically readable medium. Data is recorded by making marks in a pattern that can be read back with the aid of light , usually a beam of laser light precisely focused on a spinning disc. An older example, that does not require the use of computers, is microform . There are other means of optically storing data and new methods are in development. Optical storage differs from other computer data storage data storage techniques that make use of other technologies such as magnetism or semiconductor s. Optical storage can range from a single drive reading a single CD ROM to multiple drives reading multiple discs such as an optical jukebox . Single compact discs can hold around 700MB megabyte s and optical jukebox es can hold much more ref Compact Disc http en.wikipedia.org wiki Compact Disc ref . The term optical drive usually refers to a device in a computer that can read CD ROM s or other optical disc s. See also Data storage device the broader topic of all devices that store data. Optical Media board disc modern optical discs such as CD ROM s and related formats. Optical Jukebox Optical disc drive Optical tape more capacity than magnetic tape but not as cost effective Magneto optical drive combines Optical and Magnetic technologies to store data. Laser turntable a device that optically reads mechanical data storage media. HDSS Holographic Data Storage Systems potential new optical storage technology. 3D optical data storage potential new optical storage technology. Optical Storage Technology Association industry trade association References Reflist Optical storage media DEFAULTSORT Optical Storage Category Storage media compu storage stub ar es Almacenamiento ptico fr Lecteur de disque optique ro Dispozitive optice de stocare fi Optinen asema vi a quang zh ... more details
Optical networking can refer to Optical communication Fiber optic communication Synchronous optical networking Optical Transport Network OTN Passive optical network disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 Optical microspheres photonic atoms are high quality factor optical resonator s used for active and passive photonic applications such as microlaser cavities and filters. physics stub Category Optics ... more details
Refimprove date May 2007 Optical communication is any form of telecommunication that uses light as the transmission medium . An optical communication system consists of a transmitter , which encodes a message into an optical signal information theory signal , a channel communications channel , which ... optical signal. Forms of optical communication File Bundesarchiv Bild 102 09520, Kieler Hafen, Abfahrt der Deutschen Hochseeflotte.jpg thumb Naval signal There are many forms of non technological optical ... s, ship flags , smoke signals , and beacon beacon fires were the earliest form of technological optical ... an Aldis lamp to communicate with planes whose radio failed. Optical fiber is the most common medium for modern digital optical communication. Free space optical communication is also used today in a variety of applications. Optical fiber communication Main article Fiber optic communication . Optical fiber is the most common type of channel for optical communications, however, other types of optical ... in optical fiber links are generally light emitting diode s LEDs or laser diode s. Infrared light, rather than visible light is used more commonly, because optical fibers transmit infrared wavelengths ... is typically simple intensity modulation , although historically optical phase and frequency modulation ... lower cost. Free space optical communication Main article Free space optical communication ... and the destination, and the optical receiver can reliably decode the transmitted information. Infrared Data Association IrDA is an example of low data rate, short distance free space optical communications using LEDs. See also Commons category Optical communication Laser Optical telegraph Heliograph Telegraph Jun Ichi Nishizawa an inventor of optical communication. Optical fiber cable Optical interconnect Light Peak Parallel optical interface Interconnect bottleneck Opto isolator Fiber tapping Modulating retro reflector LED References http www.rp photonics.com optical fiber communications.html ... more details
unreferenced date September 2009 Image optical train.jpg thumb 250px right An optical train showing the arrangement and angle of lenses and mirrors to guide the laser. Optical train also called optical assembly is the arrangement of lens optics lenses to guide Line of sight propagation line of sight and lasers. The position and angle of lenses are adjusted to guide a laser through the path required. optics stub Category fiber optics ... more details
For the optic axis of a crystal Optic axis of a crystal Image Optical axis en.png thumb 300px Optical axis coincides with red ray and rays symmetrical to optical axis pair of blue and pair of green rays propagating through different lenses. An optical axis is a line along which there is some degree of rotational symmetry in an optics optical system such as a camera lens or microscope . The optical axis is an imaginary line that defines the path along which light propagates through the system. For a system composed of simple lens optics lenses and mirror s, the axis passes through the center of curvature of each surface, and coincides with the axis of rotational symmetry . The optical axis is often coincident with the system s mechanical axis, but not always, as in the case of off axis optical system s. For an optical fiber , the optical axis is along the center of the fiber core , and is also known as the fiber axis . See also Ray optics Cardinal point optics Boresight References FS1037C DODDIC Category Geometrical optics de Optische Achse Optik et Optiline telg eo Optika akso ko id Sumbu optis nl Optische as optica ja pl O optyczna ru sk Optick os sl Opti na os tr Optik eksen uk zh ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 For a mirror holder Mirror mount Orphan date November 2006 An optical mount is a device used to join a normal camera and another optical instrument, such as a microscope or telescope . The optical mount is generally attached to the camera as a camera lens lens would on one end, and fastened to the other instrument in a similar fashion. Optical mounts are used extensively in science scientific imaging applications in biology and astronomy . DEFAULTSORT Optical Mount Category Photography equipment Category Microscopy Category Astronomical instruments Photography stub ... more details
Image OpticalFlats157 03.jpg thumb Optical flats in case. About 1 inch 2.5 cm in diameter Image Optical flat interference fringes.jpg thumb Testing flatness of surfaces with optical flats. The lefthand surface is flat, the righthand surface is uneven. Optical flats are optical grade pieces of glass lapping lapped and polishing polished to be extremely flat on one or both sides, usually within a few millionths of an inch about 25 nanometres . They are used with a monochromatic light to determine the flatness of other optical surfaces by Interference wave propagation interference . ref cite book last English first R. E. editor first Albert G. editor last Ingalls editorlink Albert Graham Ingalls title Amateur Telescope Making Amateur Telescope Making, Book Three publisher Scientific American date 1953 pages 156 162 chapter Optical Flats isbn ref When an optical flat is placed on another surface, interference fringe s Newton s rings are seen due to interference in the tiny gap between the two surfaces. The spacing between the fringes is smaller where the gap is changing more rapidly, indicating a departure from flatness in one of the two surfaces, in a similar way to the contour lines on a map. A flat surface is indicated by a pattern of straight, parallel fringes with equal spacing, while other patterns indicate uneven surfaces. Two adjacent fringes indicate a difference in elevation of one half wavelength of the light used, so by counting the fringes differences in elevation of the surface can be measured to millionths of an inch. Usually only one of the two surfaces is made optically .... Optical flats are sometimes given an optical coating and used as precision mirror s for special purposes, such as in a Fabry P rot interferometer or laser cavity . Optical flats have uses in spectrophotometry as well. Image Optical flats in use.jpg thumb left Optical flats being used to calibrate metal parts. See also Optical contact bonding References reflist optics stub Category Optical ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 An optical link is a communications link that consists of a single end to end optical circuit. A cable of optical fiber , possibly concatenated into a dark fiber link, is the simplest form of an optical link. Other forms of optical link can include single colour links over a wavelength division multiplex infrastructure, and or links that use optical amplifier s to compensate for attenuation over long distances. Other forms of optical links include free space optical communication links. Also in the railways optical is used in two forms depending upon the whether the feeding station is main or not. Thus for main stations it is sain to be long hall and for all remaining stations it is to be short hall. See also colbegin 3 Light Peak Optical interconnect Parallel optical interface Interconnect bottleneck Optical communication Optical cable Transimpedance amplifier Photo diode VCSEL PIN diode Green computing InfiniBand InfiniBand Trade Association Fibre channel HDMI PCI Express Active cables Small form factor pluggable transceiver Terabit Ethernet 100 Gigabit Ethernet 10 Gigabit Ethernet Optoelectronics Data center High performance computing Cloud computing CXP connector Active Cables C Form factor Pluggable Fiber optic communication List of device bandwidths colend category Optical communications DEFAULTSORT Optical Link Telecom stub ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
