File HumanEmbryogenesis.svg thumb 300px The initial stages of human embryogenesis Ontogeny , also ontogenesis or morphogenesis from Greek , ontos , present participle genitive singular neuter of to be and , genesis , creation , describes the origin and the development of an organism from the fertilisation fertilized ovum egg to its mature form. It is in essence, the study of an organism s lifespan. In more general terms, ontogeny is defined as the history of structural change in a unity, which can be a cell, an organism, or a society of organisms, without the loss of the organization which allows that unity to exist Maturana and Varela, 1987, p. 74 . ref Humberto Maturana Maturana, H. R. , Francisco Varela Varela F. J. 1987 . The Tree of Knowledge The Biological Roots of Human Understanding . Boston Shambhala Publications Inc. ref More recently, the term ontogeny has been used in cell biology to describe the development of various cell types within an organism. Ontogeny is studied in fields such as developmental biology , developmental psychology , developmental cognitive neuroscience , and developmental psychobiology . Within biology, ontogeny pertains to the developmental history of an organism within its own lifetime, as distinct from phylogeny , which refers to the evolutionary history of species. In practice, evolutionary writers often refer to species as developing traits or characteristics. This can be misleading. While developmental or ontogenetic processes can influence subsequent evolutionary or phylogenetic processes ref Stephen Jay Gould Gould, S.J. 1977 . Ontogeny and Phylogeny . Cambridge, Massachusetts The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press ref see evolutionary developmental biology , individual organisms develop ontogeny , while species evolve phylogeny . See also Recapitulation theory , the idea that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny List of publications in biology Ontogeny Important publications in ontogeny Organogenesis ... more details
Image Ontogeny1977.jpg 140px thumb right Ontogeny and Phylogeny is Stephen Jay Gould Stephen Jay Gould .... ref name Gould1977 cite book title Ontogeny and Phylogeny author Gould, S.J. year 1977 publisher ... Theory , published in 2002. Ontogeny and Phylogeny explores the relationship between embryonic development ontogeny and Evolution biological evolution phylogeny . The book also discusses the role ... wrote in his career, the one with the most impact is probably Ontogeny and Phylogeny ...to say that this work ... between ontogeny and phylogeny is fundamental to evolution, and at its heart is a simple premise ... ref Contents ol start 1 type 1 li http www.sjgarchive.org library text ontogeny p0001.htm Prospectus ... ontogeny p0013.htm The Analogistic Tradition from Anaximander to Bonnet ul http www.sjgarchive.org library text ontogeny p0013.htm The Seeds of Recapitulation in Greek Science? http www.sjgarchive.org library text ontogeny p0017.htm Ontogeny and Phylogeny in the Conflict of Evolution and Epigenesis The Idyll of Charles Bonnet http www.sjgarchive.org library text ontogeny p0028.htm Appendix The Revolution in Evolution ol ul ol start 3 type 1 li http www.sjgarchive.org library text ontogeny p0033.htm Transcendental Origins, 1793 1860 ul http www.sjgarchive.org library text ontogeny p0035.htm Naturphilosophie An Expression of Developmentalism http www.sjgarchive.org library text ontogeny p0039.htm ... library text ontogeny p0040.htm Oken s Classification of Animals by Linear Additions of Organs http www.sjgarchive.org library text ontogeny p0045.htm J. F. Meckel s Sober Statement of the Same Principles http www.sjgarchive.org library text ontogeny p0047.htm Serres and the French Transcendentalists http www.sjgarchive.org library text ontogeny p0049.htm Recapitulation and the Theory of Developmental Arrests http www.sjgarchive.org library text ontogeny p0052.htm Von Baer s Critique of Recapitulation http www.sjgarchive.org library text ontogeny p0052.htm The Direction of Development and Classification ... more details
Summary A phylogeny of the halfbeaks, demonstrating their paraphyly. Based on Phylogeny and Jaw Ontogeny of Beloniform Fishes , Nathan R. Lovejoy, Mahmood Iranpour, and Bruce B. Collette. Integrative and Comparative Biology 2004 44 5 366 377. Licensing GFDL self migration relicense ... more details
EGOT may refer to An acronym for Emmy , Grammy , Academy Award Oscar , Tony Award Tony in reference to List of persons who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards persons who have won all four awards . EGOT gene , the Eosinophil Granule Ontogeny Transcript non protein coding gene which encodes a long noncoding RNA molecule EGOT, the enzyme Erythrocyte Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transferase EGOT, the enzyme Erythrocyte Glutamate Oxalacetate Transaminase disambig ... more details
Italictitle Taxobox fossil range Fossil range Early Cambrian Early Silurian image Agnostus pisiformis.png regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Trilobita ordo Agnostida familia Agnostidae genus Agnostus genus authority Brongniart, 1822 Agnostus is a genus of trilobite s that lived approximately 540 to 438 million years ago. ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 9363 Agnostus Encyclop dia Britannica ref The agnostids were small some measuring only 6 millimeters , with two thoracic segments and a large tail. Agnostus were blind trilobites, with no fossils of the species found with eyes. They were likely benthic, living deep in the ocean where eyes would be useless. Agnostus are believed to have been filter feeders or grazers on algae. Species Species include Agnostus pisiformis , Upper Cambrian, Sweden ref http www.pcworld.idg.com.au books product morphology ontogeny and life habit of agnostus pisiformis from the upper cambrian of sweden number 19 8200075117 Morphology, Ontogeny, and Life Habit of Agnostus Pisiformis From the Upper Cambrian of Sweden Number 19 ref References reflist Wikispecies Category Agnostida Category Cambrian animals Trilobite stub fr Agnostus hu Agnostus pl Agnostus ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Caenogenesis also variously spelled cainogenesis , cenogenesis , kainogenesis , kenogenesis is the introduction during embryon ic development of characters or structure not present in the earlier evolution ary history of the strain or species , as opposed to palingenesis . Notable examples include the addition of the placenta in mammal s. Caenogenesis constitutes a violation to Ernst Haeckel s biogenetic law and was explained by Haeckel as adaptation to the peculiar conditions of the organism s individual development. Other authorities, such as Wilhelm His, Sr. , on the contrary saw embryonic differences as precursors to adult differences. See also Ontogeny Recapitulation theory Category Developmental biology Developmental biology stub bg es Cenog nesis ... more details
Summary Book cover, Harvard. Licensing Non free book cover Non free use rationale Description Cover of Ontogeny and Phylogeny book Ontogeny and Phylogeny , by Stephen Jay Gould . Source Derived from a digital capture photo scan of the book cover creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party . Copyright held by the publisher or the artist. Claimed as fair use regardless. Article Ontogeny and Phylogeny book Portion Only the book s front cover is used. This image is only a small portion of the commercial product. Low resolution The image is of sufficient resolution for illustration, but considerably lower resolution than original. Any copies made from this image would be of inferior quality, unsuitable as artwork on pirate versions or other uses that would compete with the commercial purpose of the original artwork. The image does not in any way limit the ability of the copyright owners to market or sell their product. Purpose This book cover is used as the primary means of visual identification of the book for informational and educational purposes. It makes a significant contribution to the user s understanding of the article, which could not practically be conveyed by words alone.The image is placed at the top of the article discussing the work, to show the primary visual image associated with the work, and to help the user quickly identify the work and know they have found what they are looking for. Replaceability As a book cover, this image is protected by copyright any other image that shows the cover of the book would also be copyrighted, and any version that is not true to the original would be inadequate for identification or commentary. other information Use of this image in the above article complies with Wikipedia Wikipedia Non free content non free content policy and fair use under fair use United States copyright law as described above. ... more details
Notability Prof date October 2010 Thomas D. Carr is a vertebrate paleontologist who received his Ph.D. from the University of Toronto in 2005. He is now a member of the biology faculty at Carthage College in Kenosha , Wisconsin . Much of his work centers on tyrannosauroid dinosaur s. ref name carthagewebsite cite web url http www.carthage.edu dept biology faculty.html title Thomas Carr, Assistant Professor of Biology accessdate 2008 01 17 publisher Carthage College Biology Department ref Carr published the first quantitative analysis of tyrannosaurid ontogeny in 1999, establishing that several previously recognized genera and species of tyrannosaurids were in fact juveniles of other recognized taxa. ref name carr1999 cite journal doi 10.1080 02724634.1999.10011161 last Carr first Thomas D. year 1999 title Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae Dinosauria, Coelurosauria journal Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology volume 19 issue 3 pages 497 520 ref Carr shared the Lanzendorf Prize for scientific illustration at the 2000 Society of Vertebrate Paleontology conference for the artwork in this article. ref name svpawards cite web url http www.vertpaleo.org meetings pastwinners.cfm title SVP Award, Prize and Grant Recipients accessdate 2008 01 17 publisher Society of Vertebrate Paleontology ref In 2005, he and two colleagues described and named Appalachiosaurus , a late surviving basal phylogenetics basal tyrannosauroid found in Alabama . ref name carretal2005 cite journal last Carr first Thomas D. coauthors Williamson, Thomas E. & Schwimmer, David R. year 2005 title A new genus and species of tyrannosauroid from the Late Cretaceous middle Campanian Demopolis Formation of Alabama journal Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology volume 25 issue 1 pages 119 143 doi 10.1671 0272 4634 2005 025 0119 ANGASO 2.0.CO 2 ref He is also curator for the Dinosaur Discovery Museum in Kenosha, Wisconsin. Selected publications Carr, Thomas D. 1999 . Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae Dino ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Taxobox name Hymenomycetes image image width image caption regnum Fungus Fungi subregnum Dikarya phylum Basidiomycota subphylum subphylum authority subdivision ranks Classes subdivision Agaricales Boletales Russulales Hymenomycetes are a class biology class of fungi within the phylum Basidiomycota . It contains the orders Agaricales , Boletales , and Russulales . Formerly a taxonomic group of Basidiomycota basidiomycetes , now understood as polyphyletic assemblage of basidiomycetes, the term refers to fungi with fruit bodies whose hymenophore develops either not enclosed or only so with a veil velum , which is called a gymnocarpic or hemiangiocarpic ontogeny , respectively. Puffballs , on the other hand, have gasterocarpic development hymenophore enclosed . See also Portal Fungi Agaricomycetes Category Basidiomycota Basidiomycetes stub es Hymenomycetes fr Hym nomyc tes sv Hattsvampar ... more details
Use dmy dates date October 2010 The John Maynard Smith Prize is a prize given by the European Society for Evolutionary Biology on odd years to an outstanding young researcher. It was first awarded in 1997 and is named after the evolutionary biologist John Maynard Smith 1920 2004 . List of winners Year Awarded to For 1997 Marie Charlotte Anstett Facilitation and constraints in the evolution of mutualism 1999 Nicolas Galtier Non stationary models of nucleotide substitution and the evolution of base composition 2001 Alexander Badyaev Paradox of rapid evolution of sexual size dimorphism the role of ontogeny and maternal effects 2003 Patricia Beldade The genetic basis of phenotypic variation evolution and development of butterfly wing patterns 2005 Daven Presgraves Speciation genes & selfish genes in Drosophila 2007 Andy Gardner External links http www.eseb.org jmsprize.htm Official website DEFAULTSORT Maynard Smith Prize Category Biology awards Category Awards established in 1997 ... more details
In developmental biology , peramorphosis is a phylogenetic change in which individuals of a species mature past adulthood and take on hitherto unseen traits. It is the reverse of pedomorphosis . Peramorphosis can also be defined as the delaying of maturity while the development of the adult is extended. There are several kinds of peramorphism which may appear independently or in combination Acceleration , in which the rate of development is increased compared to the ancestral condition . Hypermorphosis , in which offset of development is delayed compared to the ancestral condition . Predisplacement , in which onset of development occurs earlier compared to the ancestral condition . Peramorphosis in fiction The Pak Protector s in Larry Niven s Known Space universe. References Stephen Jay Gould Gould, Stephen Jay 1985 . Ontogeny and Phylogeny. Cambridge Belknap Press. ISBN 0 674 63941 3. Category Developmental biology Category Phylogenetics evolution stub fr P ramorphose ... more details
Taxobox image Chene gomme jeune.jpg regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperm s unranked classis Eudicot s unranked ordo Rosid s ordo Myrtales familia Myrtaceae genus Arillastrum genus authority Pancher ex Brongn. & Jean Antoine Arthur Gris Gris species A. gummiferum binomial Arillastrum gummiferum binomial authority Arillastrum is a monotypic genus biology genus of the botany botanical family biology family Myrtaceae , containing the sole species Arillastrum gummiferum , which is Endemism endemic to New Caledonia . ref http www.springerlink.com content l2q20154g4602448 Ontogeny, anatomy and systematic significance of ovular structures in the eucalypt group ref References reflist Category Myrtaceae Category Monotypic plant genera Category Flora of New Caledonia Myrtaceae stub es Arillastrum fr Arillastrum pt Arillastrum ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 The idea of bootstrapping is significant in a number of fields in the biology biological sciences . The process by which a fertilised ovum develops into an embryo , particularly the way in which the nuclear genome is expressed differently in its various cells as these differentiate, is one example of bootstrapping. The evolution of progressively better adapted Organ anatomy organs through natural selection in a lineage of organism s is another. Some biologists, including Graham Cairns Smith , believe that the origin of life itself may have been a bootstrap process as one or more systems of biological information storage formed the foundation for successor systems that ultimately supplanted them culminating in the emergence of our current DNA based system. See also embryology ontogeny and phylogeny RNA World DEFAULTSORT Bootstrapping Biology Category Embryology ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Onesource article date August 2008 Hormonal imprinting HI is a phenomenon which takes place at the first encounter between a hormone and its developing hormone receptor receptor in the critical periods of life in unicellulars during the whole life and determines the later signal transduction capacity of the cell. The most important period in mammals is the perinatal one, however this system can be imprinted at weaning , at puberty and in case of continuously dividing cells during the whole life. Faulty imprinting is caused by drugs , environmental pollutants and other hormone like molecules present in excess at the critical periods with life long receptorial, morphological, biochemical and behavioral consequences. HI is transmitted to the hundreds of progeny generations in unicellulars and as proved to a few generations also in mammals. References cite journal author Csaba G title Phylogeny and ontogeny of chemical signaling origin and development of hormone receptors journal International Review of Cytology volume 155 issue pages 1 48 year 1994 pmid 7860212 doi 10.1016 S0074 7696 08 62095 1 cite journal author Csaba G title Hormonal imprinting its role during the evolution and development of hormones and receptors journal Cell Biology International volume 24 issue 7 pages 407 414 year 2000 month July pmid 10875888 doi 10.1006 cbir.2000.0507 cite journal author Csaba G title Hormonal imprinting phylogeny, ontogeny, diseases and possible role in present day human evolution journal Cell Biochemistry and Function volume 26 issue 1 pages 1 10 year 2008 month April pmid 17437316 doi 10.1002 cbf.1412 External links http www.chemotaxis.usn.hu CHTXhpg HPGCsGsu.htm Phylogeny of hormone receptors Category Cell biology Category Physiology Category Perception Category Signal transduction es Imprinting hormonal hu Hormon lis imprinting ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Against the Night Type Album Artist Jason Webley Cover Againstthenight.jpg Released 1999 Recorded Genre Folk music Folk Length 61 59 Label 11 Records Producer Jason Webley Reviews Allmusic Rating 4 5 Allmusic class album id r649073 pure url yes link Last album Viaje br 1998 This album Against the Night br 1999 Next album Counterpoint album Counterpoint br 2002 Against the Night is the second album, released originally in 1999, by Jason Webley . It was re released by Springman Records in 2003. He has been known to regard it as his depressing album, the soundtrack to a subtle apocalypse. It is his most popular album to date, and Webley regards it as the album where he really comes into his own as a songwriter. ref cite web url http www.jasonwebley.com music against.html title Against the Night accessdate 2007 11 02 publisher Jason Webley ref Track listing Against the Night 4 41 2 am 2 19 Entropy 1 24 Winter 4 05 Devil be Good 2 54 Jack of Spades 1 55 Dance While the Sky Crashes Down 4 29 Ontogeny 2 15 Again the Night 3 40 Millennium Bug 4 02 Constellation Prize 2 12 Absinthe Makes the Heart Grow Fonder 5 23 Eleutheria 4 59 Captain, Where are We Going Now? 5 17 Back to the Garden 4 01 Last Song 6 05 Lullaby 2 18 Personnel Performed by Jason Webley. Drums on Ontogeny , Constellation Prize , and Back to the Garden by Michael McQuilken . Electric guitar on Back to the Garden by John Osebold . Screaming on 2 am recorded at the Blue Moon Tavern. Additional vocals on Eleutheria by Lauryn Cook s alternative tribe, and on Back to the Garden by John Banfill, Ben Dunlap, Jeff Harms, and Grant Mandarino. References reflist 1990s folk album stub Category Jason Webley albums Category 1999 albums ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Incisoscutum image Incisoscutum ritchei.jpg image caption Artist s reconstruction of I. ritchei regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Placodermi ordo Arthrodira familia Incisoscutidae genus Incisoscutum genus authority Dennis & Miles, 1981 subdivision ranks Species subdivision I. ritchei I. sarahae John A. Long Long , 1994 type species Incisoscutum ritchei synonyms Gogosteus sarahae Long, 1994 Incisoscutum is an extinct genus of placoderm . Well preserved fossil embryos in the body cavity of Incisoscutum showed that these fishes, close to the common origin of all Gnathostome jawed vertebrates , Viviparity gave birth to live young in a manner similar to Shark modern sharks . Live birth requires Internal fertilization internal fertilisation . ref cite news url http www.sciencedaily.com releases 2008 06 080606104814.htm publisher Science Daily title Fish 380 Million Years Old Found With Unborn Embryo date June 6, 2008 ref In a study of fossil remains, ref cite journal journal Geobios volume 28 issue Suppl. 2 year 1995 pages 125 128 doi 10.1016 S0016 6995 95 80099 9 title The role of heterochrony in theevolution of eubrachythoracid arthrodires with special reference to Compagopiscis croucheri and Incisoscutum ritchei from the Late Devonian Gogo Formation, Western Australia author Kate Trinajstic ref comparison of the ontogeny of fourteen dermal plates from Compagopiscis croucheri and the more derived species Incisoscutum ritchiei suggested that lengthwise growth occurs earlier in the ontogeny than growth in width, and that dissociated allometric heterochrony has been an important mechanism in the evolution of the arthrodire s, which include placoderms. These same fossil specimens also show that I. ritchei was a predator, as muscle fibers from the tails of other placoderms have been found in the stomach regions. References reflist portal Paleontology Category Placoderms Category Prehistoric fish of Australia Placoderm stub de Incisos ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A fallacy of distribution is a logical fallacy occurring when an argument assumes there is no difference between a term in the distributive referring to every member of a class and collective referring to the class itself as a whole sense. There are two variations of this fallacy Fallacy of composition assumes what is true of the parts is true of the whole. This fallacy is also known as arguing from the specific to the general Since Judy is so diligent in the workplace, this entire company must have an amazing work ethic. Fallacy of division assumes what is true of the whole is true of its parts or some subset of parts . Because this company is so corrupt, so must every employee within it be corrupt. While fallacious, arguments that make these assumptions may be persuasive because of the representativeness heuristic . See also Existential fallacy Fallacy of the undistributed middle Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny Informal Fallacy DEFAULTSORT Fallacy Of Distribution Category Logic Category Logical fallacies Logic stub he ... more details
Taxobox name Soritacea regnum Protista phylum Rhizaria classic Foraminifera ordo Miliolida superfamilia Soritacea superfamilia authority Ehrenberg 1839 small subdivision ranks Families subdivision Soritidae br Alveolinidae br Milioliporidae br Peneroplidae The Soritacea are a group of miliolida miliolid benthic foraminifera with porcellaneous tests. They take on a variety of growth forms but typically have many chambers. Some soritids can grow over a centimeter across, huge for protist s. All Soritacea keep algae algal endosymbiosis endosymbionts , which may be what allows them to achieve such large sizes. Some species have red algae red algal symbionts, some have green algae green algal symbionts, and others dinoflagellate symbionts. These larger symbiont bearing foraminifera are typically found in the oligotroph ic waters of the tropics. References cite journal author Gudmundsson, G. title Phylogeny, ontogeny, and systematics of Recent Soritacea Ehrenberg 1839 Foraminiferida journal Micropaleontology year 1994 volume 40 pages 101 155 doi 10.2307 1485772 jstor 1485772 issue 2 publisher The Micropaleontology Project, Inc. Category Foraminifera protist stub es Soritacea sr Soritacea ... more details
In this psychological approach, gene gene interaction, gene environment interaction and, crucially, the process of ontogeny pre and post natal development are all considered to play a vital role in how the brain progressively sculpts itself and how it gradually becomes specialised over developmental time. Neuroplasticity is considered an essential part of development. Supporters of neuroconstructivism, such as Karmiloff Smith, argue against innate modularity of the mind. Instead, emphasis is put on innate domain relevant biases. These biases are understood as aiding learning and directing attention. Module like structures are therefore the product of both experience and these innate biases. Neuroconstructivism can therefore be seen as a bridge between Jerry Fodor s Psychological nativism and Jean Piaget s Theory of cognitive development . See also constructivism References http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 118545418 abstract?CRETRY 1&SRETRY 0 Abstract of article from Developmental Science Vol. 10 Issue 1, Pages 75 83 Further reading cite book title Neuroconstructivism I How the Brain Constructs Cognition author Mareschal D, Johnson M, Sirois S, Spratling M, Thomas M, Westermann G publisher Oxford University Press isbn 0198529902 year 2007 psych stub Category Neuropsychology Category Neuroscience ... more details
Taxobox name Watsonisuchus image Watsonichus BW.jpg image width 250px fossil range Early Triassic regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata superclassis Tetrapoda classis Amphibia ordo Temnospondyli familia Mastodonsauridae genus Watsonisuchus genus authority Ochev, 1966 subdivision ranks Species subdivision W. magnus small type species type small W. aliciae W. gunganj W. madagascariensis Watsonisuchus is an extinct genus of Temnospondyli temnospondyl amphibian from the Early Triassic of Australia , Madagascar , and South Africa . ref name JSS03 cite journal last Steyer first J. Sebastien year 2003 title A revision of the Early Triassic captisaurs Stegocephali, Stereospondyli from Madagascar, with remarks on their comparative ontogeny journal Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology volume 23 issue 3 pages 544 555 doi 10.1671 1740 ref References reflist Dragons in the Dust The Paleobiology of the Giant Monitor Lizard Megalania by Ralph E. Molnar Pg. 39 Capitosauroidea Category Temnospondyls Category Triassic amphibians Category Prehistoric amphibians of Africa Category Prehistoric amphibians of Australia paleo amphibian stub portal Paleontology ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Wetlugasaurus image Wetlugasaurus BW.jpg image width 250px fossil range Early Triassic regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata superclassis Tetrapoda classis Amphibia ordo Temnospondyli superfamilia Capitosauroidea familia Capitosauridae genus Wetlugasaurus genus authority Riabinin, 1930 subdivision ranks Species subdivision W. angustifrons small Riabinin, 1930 type species type small W. malachovi small Novikov, 1990 small W. samarensis small Sennikov, 1981 small Wetlugasaurus is an extinct genus of Temnospondyli temnospondyl amphibian from the Early Triassic of northern Russia and Greenland . ref http www.bioone.org doi abs 10.1671 1740 Steyer, J. S. 2003 A revision of the Early Triassic Capitosaurs Stegocephali, Stereospondyli from Madagascar, with remarks on their comparative ontogeny Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology ref References Reflist The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia by Michael J. Benton, Mikhail A. Shishkin, David M. Unwin, and Evgenii N. Kurochkin. p. 35 59. Bibliography Of Fossil Vertebrates 1934 1938 by C. I. Camp Capitosauroidea Category Temnospondyls Category Triassic amphibians Category Prehistoric amphibians of Europe paleo amphibian stub portal Paleontology es Wetlugasaurus pl Wetlugazaur ... more details
Durophagy is the term for describing the eating behavior of animal s that consume Seashell hard shelled or Exoskeleton exoskeleton bearing organisms, such as coral s, shelled mollusks , or crab s. . ref Huber, D.R., M.N. Dean & A.P. Summers 2008 Hard prey, soft jaws and the ontogeny of feeding mechanics in the spotted ratfish Hydrolagus colliei . Journal of the Royal Society Interface online publishing http publishing.royalsociety.org media interface rsif20071325.pdf ref It is mostly used describing fish , but is also used when describing reptiles ref Pregil, G. 1984 Durophagous Feeding Adaptations in an Amphisbaenid. Journal of Herpetology 18, No. 2 pp 186 191 http www.jstor.org pss 1563747 ref and invertebrates. Durophagy requires special adaptions, such as blunt, strong teeth and a heavy jaw. ref Huber, D.R. & al. 2005 Analysis of the bite force and mechanical design of the feeding mechanism of the durophagous horn shark Heterodontus francisci . The Journal of Experimental Biology 208 , pp 3553 3571 http luna.cas.usf.edu motta Huberetal2005.pdf ref References references See also List of feeding behaviours Feeding Category Carnivory Category Biology terminology zoology stub ... more details
Taxobox name Sclerocephalus fossil range Permian image Sclerocephalus1DB.jpg image width 250px regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Amphibia ordo Temnospondyli superfamilia Archegosauroidea familia Actinodontidae genus Sclerocephalus subdivision ranks Species subdivision Sclerocephalus frossardi synonyms Actinodon frossardi Sclerocephalus is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian . Gallery gallery Image Sclerocephalus Actinodon .JPG Fossil Image Sclerocephalus frossardi 1.jpg Skeleton of Sclerocephalus Image Actinodon frossardi.JPG Image Scler Frossardi1DB.jpg gallery References Holmes, R. B., Carroll, R. L. & Reisz, R. R., 1998 The first articulated skeleton of Dendrerpeton acadianum Temnospondyli Dendrerpentonidae from the Lower Pennsylvanian locality of Joggins, Nova Scotia, and a review of its relationships. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Vol. 18, 1, pp. 64 79 Schoch, R.R. 2003. The early larval ontogeny of the Permo Carboniferous temnospondyl Sclerocephalus . Palaeontology , 46 1055 1072. portal Paleontology Category Temnospondyls paleo amphibian stub fr Actinodon it Sclerocephalus pl Sklerocefal ru ... more details
orphan date November 2009 italictitle Taxobox name Nephrolenellus status Fossil image image width image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Trilobita ordo Redlichiida subordo Olenellina superfamilia Olenelloidea genus Nephrolenellus genus authority subdivision ranks Species subdivision Nephrolenellus multinodus N. multinodus br Nephrolenellus geniculatus N. geniculatus Nephrolenellus is an extinct monophyletic genus of trilobite from the Superfamily Olenelloidea of the Order Redlichiida . It contains two fossil species N. multinodus and N. geniculatus . All specimens are known from the Great Basin of California, Nevada, and Arizona with one specimen from Canada. Nephrolenellus occurred during the upper Dyeran 516 Ma 513 Ma of the Lower Cambrian and thus is useful as a biostratigraphic marker for that strata. It has also been used to quantitatively study the effect of compaction on fossil morphology ref Webster, Mark, 2007, http jpaleontol.geoscienceworld.org cgi content full 81 6 1168 Ontogeny and evolution of the early Cambrian trilobite genus Nephrolenellus Olenelloidea Journal of Paleontology, v. 81, p.1168 1193. Retrieved on 23 November 2008. ref . Notes reflist trilobite stub Category Trilobites Category Cambrian trilobites Category Prehistoric animals of North America ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Carbonita fossil range fossil range Carboniferous regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a subphylum Crustacean Crustacea classis Ostracod a ordo Podocopida familia Carbonitidae genus Carbonita genus authority Strand, 1928 synonyms Carbonia small Jones, 1870 small ref name Retrum cite journal url http kuscholarworks.ku.edu dspace bitstream 1808 1520 1 jhsidjm.pdf title Early Permian Carbonitidae Ostracoda ontogeny, affinity, environment and systematics author Julie B. Retrum & Roger L. Kaesler journal Journal of Micropalaeontology volume 24 pages 179 190 year 2005 ref Carbonita is an extinct genus of nonmarine ostracod crustacean that lived during the Carboniferous period. Species The genus contains four species ref name Retrum Carbonita evelinae small Jones, 1870 small Carbonita pungens small Jones & Kirkby, 1867 small Carbonita ovata small Retrum & Kaesler, 2005 small Carbonita triangulata small Retrum & Kaesler, 2005 small References reflist DEFAULTSORT Carbonita Genus Category Carboniferous crustaceans Category Ostracods Crustacean stub ... more details
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