Taxobox name Nodularia regnum Bacteria phylum Cyanobacteria classis see http ijs.sgmjournals.org cgi content abstract 54 5 1895 ordo Nostocales familia Nostocaceae genus Nodularia genus authority Mertens 1822 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Nodularia armorica br Nodularia harveyana br Nodularia sphaerocarpa br NodulariaspumigenaNodularia is a genus of Filamentation filamentous nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria , or blue green algae . ref Ji Kom rek and Tom Hauer ref They occur mainly in brackish or salinic waters, such as the hypersaline lake hypersaline Makgadikgadi Pans , ref C. Michael Hogan, 2008 ref the Peel Harvey Estuary in Western Australia or the Baltic Sea . Nodularia cells occasionally form heavy algal bloom s. Some strains produce a cyanotoxin called nodularin R , which is harmful to humans. Morphology Nodularia is forms solitary filaments or groups of filaments. It reproduce by the formation of hormogonia , filament breakage, and by akinetes . ref Martin Dworkin and Stanley Falkow, 2006 ref See also Kruger, T., Oelmuller, R., and Luckas, B. 2009 Comparative PCR analysis of toxic Nodulariaspumigena and non toxic Nodularia harveyana Nostocales, Cyanobacteria with respect to the nodularia synthetase gene cluster. Eur. J. Phycol. 44 3 291 295. References C. Michael Hogan 2008 http www.megalithic.co.uk article.php?sid 22373&mode &order 0 Makgadikgadi , The Megalithic Portal, ed. Andy Burnham Ji Kom rek and Tom Hauer http www.cyanodb.cz Nodularia Cyano Database of genera Nodularia Martin Dworkin and Stanley Falkow 2006 The Prokaryotes a handbook on the biology of bacteria , Published by Springer, ISBN 0387254943 Line notes reflist Category Cyanobacteria bacteria stub ca Nodularia de Nodularia eo Nodularia ... more details
Chembox verifiedrevid 406939335 ImageFile nodularin R.png ImageSize 200px ImageAlt IUPACName OtherNames Cyclo 2 S ,3 S ,4 E ,6 E ,8 S ,9 S 3 amino 9 methoxy 2,6,8 trimethyl 10 phenyl 4,6 decadienoyl D glutamyl 2 Z 2 methylamino 2 butenoyl 3 S 3 methyl small D small aspartyl small L small arginyl Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 118399 22 7 PubChem SMILES Section2 Chembox Properties C 41 H 60 N 8 O 10 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Nodularin R is a cyclic nonribosomal peptide produced by the planktonic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena . ref cite journal author Sivonen K, Kononen K, Carmichael WW, Dahlem AM, Rinehart KL, Kiviranta J, Niemela SI title Occurrence of the hepatotoxic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena in the Baltic Sea and structure of the toxin journal Appl. Environ. Microbiol. volume 55 issue 8 pages 1990 5 year 1989 pmid 2506812 pmc 202992 ref This cyanobacterium forms blooms in brackish water bodies throughout the world. The late summer blooms of Nodularia spumigena are among the largest cyanobacterial mass occurrences in the world. Nodularin R is a pentapeptide and contains several unusual non proteinogenic amino acid s such as methyldehydrobutyrine and the amino acid ADDA all S,all E 3 Amino 9 methoxy 2,6,8 trimethyl 10 phenyldeca 4,6 diene acid . Nodularin R is a cyanotoxin and poses a health risk for wild and domestic animals as well as humans. Nodularin R is a potent hepatotoxin and may cause serious damage to the liver . References reflist See also Microcystin s Nonribosomal peptide s Category Peptides Category Macrocycles pl Nodularyna fi Nodulariini ... more details
was nodularin R , produced by the cyanobacterium NodulariaNodulariaspumigena . ref cite ... title Occurrence of the hepatotoxic cyanobacterium Nodulariaspumigena in the Baltic Sea and structure ... , marine blooms of Nodulariaspumigena are among some of the largest cyanobacterial mass events in the world ... Nodularia rowspan 6 align center style background efefef Alkaloid s Anatoxin a Nerve synapse Anabaena ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Unio cariei image status EX status system IUCN2.3 regnum Animalia phylum Mollusca classis Bivalvia ordo Unionoida familia Unionidae genus Unio species U. cariei binomial Unio cariei binomial authority synonyms Unio cariei was a species of medium sized freshwater mussel , an Aquatic animal aquatic bivalve mollusc in the family Unionidae . This species was Endemism endemic to the island of R union in the Indian Ocean, but it is now extinct. Source Bouchet, P. & von Cosel, R. 1996. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 22740 all Unio cariei . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007. Category Unio Category Extinctions since 1500 bivalve stub R union stub es Unio cariei fr Nodularia cariei nl Unio cariei pt Unio cariei ... more details
Taxobox name Nostocaceae image Anabaenaspiroides EPA.jpg image width 240px image caption Anabaena spiroides regnum Bacteria phylum Cyanobacteria classis see http ijs.sgmjournals.org cgi content abstract 54 5 1895 ordo Nostocales familia Nostocaceae subdivision ranks Genus Genera subdivision Anabaena br Anabaenopsis br Aphanizomenon br Aulosira br Cylindrospermopsis br Cylindrospermum br Loefgrenia br Nodularia br Nostoc br Wollea The Nostocaceae is a family of cyanobacteria that forms filament shaped colony biology colonies enclosed in mucus or a gelatinous sheath. Some genus genera in this family are found primarily in fresh water such as Nostoc , while others are found primarily in salt water such as Nodularia . Other genera e.g. Anabaena may be found in both fresh and salt water. Like other cyanobacteria, these bacteria sometimes contain photosynthetic pigment s in their cytoplasm to perform photosynthesis . The particular pigments they contain gives the cells a bluish green color. Species of the Nostocaceae are particularly known for their nitrogen fixation nitrogen fixing abilities, and they form symbiosis symbiotic relationships with certain plant s, such as the mosquito fern , cycad s, and hornwort s. The cyanobacteria provides nitrogen to its host. Certain species of Anabaena have been used on rice paddy fields. Mosquito ferns carrying the cyanobacteria grow on the water in the fields during the growing season. They and the nitrogen they contain are then plowed into the soil following the harvest, which has proved to be an effective natural fertilizer. The family Nostocaceae belongs to the order Nostocales . Members of the family can be distinguished from those in other families by their 1 unbranched filaments of cells arranged end to end, and 2 development of heterocyst s among the cells of the filaments. Sources Bold, Harold C., Alexopoulos, Constantine J., & Delevoryas, Theodore. 1987 . Morphology of Plants and Fungi 5th ed. . New York Harper & Row. ISBN ... more details
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