Portal Ancient Near East The Neolithicfoundercrops or primary domesticates are the eight plant species that were Domestication domesticated by early Holocene Pre Pottery Neolithic A and Pre Pottery Neolithic B farming communities in the Fertile Crescent region of southwest Asia , and which formed the basis of systematic agriculture in the Middle East , North Africa , India , Persia and later Europe . They consist of flax , three cereal s and four Pulse legume pulses , and are the first known domesticated plants in the world. Ref Daniel Zohary and Maria Hopf, Domestication of Plants in the Old World, third edition. Oxford University Press, 2000. ref Although domesticated rye Secale cereale occurs in the final Epi Palaeolithic strata at Tell Abu Hureyra the earliest instance of a domesticated plant species , ref Hillman G., Hedges R., Moore A., Colledge S., Pettitt P. New evidence of lateglacial cereal cultivation at Abu Hureyra on the euphrates 2001 Holocene, 11 4 , pp. 383 393 ref it was an insignificant in the Neolithic Period of southwest Asia and only became common with the spread of farming into northern Europe several millennia later. ref G. Hillman. Late Pleistocene changes in wild plant foods available to hunter gatherers of the northern Fertile Crescent possible preludes to cereal cultivation. In Harris, ed. The origins and spread of agriculture and pastoralism in Eurasia. 1996. ref Cereals Emmer Emmer wheat Triticum dicoccum , descended from the wild T. dicoccoides Einkorn wheat Triticum monococcum , descended from the wild T. boeoticum Barley Hordeum vulgare sativum , descended from the wild H. spontaneum Pulses Lentil Lens culinaris Pea Pisum sativum Chickpea Cicer arietinum Vicia ervilia Bitter vetch Vicia ervilia Other Flax Linum usitatissimum references Reflist ... edition. Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 0 19 850356 3 DEFAULTSORT NeolithicFounderCrops Category Ancient Near East Category Farming history Category Neolithic es Cultivos fundadores fi L hi id n ... more details
File N olithique 0001.jpg thumb An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools Neolithic The Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stone Age , was a period ... , 2004 ref that is traditionally considered the last part of the Stone Age . The Neolithic followed the terminal Holocene Epipalaeolithic period, beginning with the rise of farming, which produced the Neolithic ... Age or developing directly into the Iron Age , depending on geographical region. The Neolithic ... of wild and domestic crops and the use of domestication domesticated animals. ref Some archaeologists have long advocated replacing Neolithic with a more descriptive term, such as Early Village Communities , although this has not gained wide acceptance. ref New findings put the beginning of the Neolithic ... ref Until those findings are adopted within the archaeological community, the beginning of the Neolithic ... proto Neolithic 12,500 9500 BC or 12,000 9500 BC ref name Bellwood . As the Natufians had become dependent ... Mesopotamia . Early Neolithic farming was limited to a narrow range of plants, both wild and domesticated ... characteristic of the Neolithic appeared everywhere in the same order the earliest farming societies ... unclear to what extent plants were domesticated in the earliest Neolithic, or even whether ... and Southeast Asia , independent domestication events led to their own regionally distinctive Neolithic ... species existed, only one human species Homo sapiens reached the Neolithic. Homo floresiensis may have survived right up to the very dawn of the Neolithic, about 12,000 years ago. The term Neolithic ... Asia i.e., the Middle East , cultures identified as Neolithic began appearing in the 10th millennium BC. ref name Bellwood Early development occurred in the Levant e.g., Pre Pottery Neolithic A and Pre Pottery Neolithic B and from there spread eastwards and westwards. Neolithic cultures are also ... BC, neolithic cultures east of the Taihang Mountains , filling in an archaeological gap between the two ... more details
wiktionary founderFounder may refer to the starter of a private or public company, see Entrepreneur Founder , a hoof ailment. See Laminitis FounderFounder IRC , management status for Internet Relay Chat Founders , a subrace of the List of Star Trek races Changeling Star Trek fictional Changeling race To founder foundering, a nautical term for Shipwreck sinking a ship The Founder , the student newspaper at Royal Holloway, University of London Chinese computer companies Founder Group Founder Technology See also Founder effect , genetic effect of expansion of isolated small populations Founders disambiguation Foundered strata , rock beds which have collapsed due to removal of underlying beds disambig simple Founder ... more details
StudentMedia name The Founder logofile The Founder Issue 4 Cover.jpg logoalt The Founder type Newspaper launch 2006 former names web http www.thefounder.co.uk university Royal Holloway, University of London other media Radio Insanity radio Insanity distribution 1 On Campus, Englefield Green, Egham, Staines, Windsor dist details 1 The Founder is the independent student newspaper at Royal Holloway, University of London . It is distinguished from other campus media by its compact newspaper compact design and its independence from SURHUL . Current information The newspaper is headed by the newspaper s founder, Jack Lenox. In the autumn 2007 edition of the College s alumni magazine, Higher , Lenox was spotlighted as a natural born leader . ref Higher 1 It consists of a newspaper with a large arts section called, Extra . The newspaper contains the sections News Comment & Debate Features Film Music Sport In December 2010 the newspaper became the first student publication in the UK to launch an iPhone app. Impact The Founder s launch was covered in the London Student in January 2007. Interviewing a number of students on campus, the newspaper concluded that The Founder seemed to have been created ... from The Founder newspaper was showcased in the inaugural issue of FS Magazine as an example of the best of student journalism . Awards In 2011, The Founder s Features Editor Kate Brook was recognised at the London Student Journalism Awards as the year s Best Feature Writer. Special features The Founder ... Begg Scouting For Girls The Hoosiers Theo Paphitis Tim Minchin Famous editions The Founder has ... of students living in Brunel 400 students without halls? The Founder also printed an anonymous ... 202 20Issue 205.pdf Recent famous writers editors contributors Although a fledgling newspaper, The Founder ... External links http www.thefounder.co.uk The Founder http quad.thefounder.co.uk QUAD http www.rhul.ac.uk Royal Holloway, University of London DEFAULTSORT Founder Category Royal Holloway, University ... more details
In United States agriculture policy, minor crops refers to crops that may be high in value but that are not widely grown. Many fruits, vegetables, and tree nuts come under this definition. The IR 4 program is one publicly funded program to help producers of minor crops with their unique problems. References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach DEFAULTSORT Minor Crops Category United States Department of Agriculture ... more details
seeds longer. Several plant species, the pioneer crops or Neolithicfoundercrops , were the earliest ... Jordan Valley . ref name Weiss2006 This process of domestication allowed the foundercrops to adapt ...Neolithic The Neolithic Revolution is the first Agriculture agricultural revolution&mdash the transition ... amelioration , Anil K. Gupta , Current Science, Vol. 87, No. 1, 19 October 2010 ref However, the Neolithic ... manifestation of the entire Neolithic complex is seen in the Middle Eastern Sumer ian cities ca. 3,500 BC , whose emergence also inaugurates the end of the prehistoric Neolithic period. The relationship of the above mentioned Neolithic characteristics to the onset of agriculture, their sequence of emergence and empirical relation to each other at various Neolithic sites remains the subject of academic ... of social evolution . ref http cas.bellarmine.edu tietjen images neolithic agriculture.htm The Slow ... occupied from 3500 BC to 3100 BC The term Neolithic Revolution was coined in the 1920s by Vere Gordon ... species existed, only one Homo sapiens reached the Neolithic. Domestication of plants Image Molino neol tico de vaiv n.jpg thumb right Neolithic grind stone for processing grain Once agriculture started ... failed at first and crops were abandoned, sometimes to be taken up again and successfully domesticated thousands of years later rye , tried and abandoned in Neolithic Anatolia , made its way to Europe ..., breaking dormancy in their first year, was found in the early Neolithic at Jerf el Ahmar ... by the early Neolithic site of Gilgal, Bik at HaYarden Gilgal I , where in 2006 ref Cite web url ... of the plants tried and then abandoned during the Neolithic period in the Ancient Near East, at sites ... perfected their agricultural techniques, their crops would Crop yield yield surpluses that needed storage ... populations in different regions in many different ways. Agriculture in Asia The Neolithic Revolution ... of the genders performed what task in Neolithic cultures, by comparison with historical and contemporary ... more details
Image Neolithic expansion.svg thumb 250px Map showing the Neolithic expansions from the 7th to the 5th ... in ca. 4000 3500 BC Neolithic Europe refers to a prehistoric period in which Neolithic technology was present ... . The Neolithic overlaps the Mesolithic and Bronze Age periods in Europe as cultural changes moved ... of the Neolithic varies from place to place, its end marked by the introduction of bronze implements ... of specific chronology, many European Neolithic groups share basic characteristics, such as living ..., with some Neolithic communities in southeastern Europe living in heavily fortified settlements of 3,000 4,000 people e.g., Sesklo in Greece whereas Neolithic groups in England were small possibly ..., subsistence practices and ideology of the peoples of Neolithic Europe are obtained from ... genetics has provided independent data on the population history of Neolithic Europe, including migration ... European languages and Neolithic peoples. Some archaeologists believe that the expansion of Neolithic ... of the Neolithic Archeologists believe that food producing societies first emerged in the Levant ine ... Cave , and a number of mainland sites in Thessaly . Neolithic groups appear soon afterwards in the Balkans and south central Europe. The Neolithic cultures of southeastern Europe the Balkans , Italy ... e.g., atalh y k . Current evidence suggests that Neolithic material culture was introduced to Europe ... are due to diffusion out of Europe. All Neolithic sites in Europe contain pottery ceramic s, and contain ... place in Neolithic Europe, and that all domesticated animals were originally domesticated in Southwest ... Bellwood 2004, pp. 74, 118. ref Archaeologists seem to agree that the culture of the early Neolithic is relatively homogeneous, compared both to the late Mesolithic and the later Neolithic. The diffusion ... plain . In general, colonization shows a saltatory pattern, as the Neolithic advanced from one ... show clearly that Mesolithic and Neolithic populations lived side by side for as much as a millennium ... more details
TOC right The Neolithic Subpluvial sometimes called the Holocene Wet Phase was an extended period from about 7500 7000 BC to about 3500 3000 BC of wet and rainy conditions in the climate history of northern Africa. It was both preceded and followed by much drier periods. The Neolithic Subpluvial was the most recent of a number of periods of Wet Sahara or Green Sahara , during which the region was much moister and supported a richer Biota ecology biota and human population than the present day desert. Date ranges The Neolithic Subpluvial began during the 7th millennium BC and was strong for about 2000 years it waned over time and ended in the 4th millennium BC . Then the drier conditions that prevailed prior to the Neolithic Subpluvial returned desertification advanced, and the Sahara desert formed or re formed . Arid conditions have continued through to the present day. ref Sources differ on specific date ranges, which necessarily varied over such a wide geographic expanse. One Bard, Kathryn A. 1999 , ed. Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. London, Routledge, pg 863 gives 9000&ndash 5000 BP, or 7000&ndash 3000 BC, for the duration of the subpluvial. Another Wilkinson, Toby A. H. 1999 , Early Dynastic Egypt. London, Routledge, pg 372 places the end of the subpluvial c. 3300 BC. ref Geography and hydrography During the Neolithic Subpluvial, large areas of North Africa North , Central Africa Central , and East Africa had Hydrography hydrographic profiles significantly different from later norms. Existing lakes had surfaces tens of meters higher than today, sometimes with alternative drainages Lake Turkana , in present day Kenya , drained into the Nile River basin ... article Prehistoric Central North Africa Clement and fertile conditions during the Neolithic Subpluvial supported increased human settlement of the Nile Valley in Egypt , as well as neolithic societies ... of grain crops as opposed to simply the gathering of wild grains. ref Camps, Gabriel 1974 ... more details
. In Europe , Neolithic long house long houses built from wattle and daub were constructed ... there are many thousand still in existence. Neolithic people in the British Isles built long barrow ... of the megalith s found in Western Europe and the Mediterranean were also erected in the Neolithic ... temple is Ggantija on Gozo Island . Neolithic pile dwelling s have been excavated in Sweden ... . In Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine, Neolithic settlements included wattle and daub structures ... up until the 20th Century. Neolithic List of archaeological sites settlements include Jericho in the Levant , Neolithic from around 8350 BC, arising from the earlier Epipaleolithic Natufian culture ... Pre History Archhistory Commons Dolmen DEFAULTSORT Neolithic Architecture Category Architectural history ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2008 The Neolithic tombs of Northwestern Europe , particularly Ireland , were built by the Neolithic New Stone Age people in the period 4000 2000 BC. There are four main types Passage grave s Portal dolmen s Court cairn s Wedge shaped gallery grave s Standing Stones All these types of tomb were built from large slabs of Rock geology rock which were uncut or worked only slightly. In each case, there was a doorway made from two large stones facing each other. The doorway led to an inner chamber, or a passage and chamber, lined with flat slabs. In all but the portal dolmens, the tomb was then covered in earth and small stones to make a mound. While some of these stone structures did indeed have human remains contained within them, it is erroneous to suggest that they all were tombs . It is peculiar to note that after being in use for 3 4,000 years many of these contained no bones whatsoever. Some remains that were carbon dated showed that the interments were inserted hundreds of years after the megaliths were constructed. It would seem that when the original purpose of the passage tombs was abandoned, they were adapted for use as crypts by later generations. Another point worth noting is the extent that the constructors went to in order to make these enigmatic buildings waterproof and practically indestructible. Keeping bones dry does not warrant such incredible feats of civil engineering. The immense physical effort, planning, and organisational skill involved in coordinating the majority of the society s strongest over a long period 30 years approx. is just not warranted by the need to preserve a few paltry bones. We do ourselves a disservice by concentrating on the burial theme . It misleads us from the path of discovering the real purpose of these magnificent megalithic monuments. Category Burial monuments and structures euro archaeology stub ... more details
distinguish Founder effect Founder s syndrome is a label normally used to refer to a pattern of behavior on the part of the founder s of an organization that, over time, becomes maladaptive to the successful accomplishment of the organizational mission. The term is anecdotal unofficial and does not actually refer to a medical syndrome . It is particularly common where there has only been one person leading the organization or the board of directors since its inception ref name best cite web url http www.ccfbest.org management survivingfounder.htm title Surviving Founder s Syndrome publisher National Resources Centre accessdate 2008 11 22 ref and commonly occurs in both non profit organization non profit and commercial organizations as they develop. An organization faces founder s syndrome as the scope ... effective involvement with organizational development and the founder s who seek to dominate the decision ... best There are a number of negative effects that may occur when an original founder CEO seeks to maintain ... of newcomers First, a founder s passion and charisma, initially essential to the successful ... is expanded. The founder s domination of the decision making process may frustrate effective and inclusive ... Art.htm title Founder s Syndrome? Who me? publisher Help4NonProfits accessdate 2008 11 ... or personality of the founder and may experience diminished public trust. Nepotism In its early development, the board is often selected by the founder and thus is often composed of friends and colleagues of the founder, this may limit the independent functioning of the board and deprive the organization of more diverse and representative views. ref name help4 Coping effectively with Founder ... interventions by the founder, the board and or by others involved in the organization. The objective ... cite web url http www.managementhelp.org misc founders.htm title Founder s Syndrome How Corporations ... DEFAULTSORT Founder s Syndrome Category Aspects of organizations org stub hu Alap t i hat s szociol gia ... more details
Infobox Company company name Founder Technology Group Corporation br company logo Image Foundertech.png company type State owned enterprise genre foundation 1986 founder location city flagicon China Shanghai location country China location origins key people Chairman Mr. Fang Zhonghua area served People s Republic of China industry Information technology products services revenue operating income net income num employees parent Founder Group divisions subsid owner company slogan homepage http www.foundertech.com eng en index.asp Founder Tech en icon br http www.foundertech.com Founder Tech zh icon Founder Technology Group Corporation SSE 600601 , a subsidiary of Founder Group from Peking University , is an information technology state owned enterprise in Shanghai , China . It is engaged in the product development development of personal computers and computer peripherals , under the brand of Fang Zheng , and printed circuit boards . ref http finance.google.com finance?q SHA 600601 Founder Technology Group Corp. ref History Founder Technology was established in 1986 and listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 1990. References reflist External links Official http www.foundertech.com eng en index.asp Founder Tech en icon Official http www.foundertech.com Founder Tech zh icon Category Companies based in Shanghai Category Companies established in 1986 Category Information technology companies Category Peking University Category Government owned companies in the People s Republic of China de Founder Technology Group fr Founder Technology Group zh ... more details
Infobox Company name Founder Group logo type nowrap begin Government owned corporation br Public company ... en index.html ref genre foundation 1986 founder location city Beijing location country People ... Founder OverseasBranches.html ref key people industry Information Technology IT , Pharmaceutical ... Founder Technology homepage http www.founder.com en index.html founder.com footnotes intl Founder ... technology and Pharmaceutical company pharmaceuticals . Its subsidiary Founder Technology ... is currently moving to establish itself as a computer chip designer. Founder Group was created ... high tech companies. Founder Group has 5 public companies listed in stock exchanges of Shanghai ..., Founder Group has nearly 30,000 employees. The total sales revenue of the Group reached 6.5 billion ... from the laser Typesetter. In October 1995, Founder computers and monitors were released 1998, the Founder Group acquired Yanzhong Industrial, which was then renamed Founder Technologies, invested with high quality assets such as Founder Computer, thus promoting the migration toward hi tech businesses December 1995, the Founder Hong Kong Co., Ltd. was listed on the Hong Kong stock market as a red chip stock 1994, Founder began its expedition into the area of system integration 1992, the first overseas branch, the Founder Hong Kong Co., Ltd. was established and Founder began tapping into the international market 1992, Founder began researches in radio & TV areas and developed full line products ... 12, 1992, the Beida Founder Group was incorporated 1988, the Beijing Science and New Technologies Inc. joined the Beita Sci Tech Service to form the Beida New Technologies Inc. predecessor of the Founder ..., Founder worked with Yahoo and other operators to acquired the Hong Kong listed Rongwen Technologies holding Co., Ltd. At the end of the year, the Rongwen Technologies holding Co., Ltd. was renamed the Founder Digital holding Co., Ltd. ref http www.founder.com en About Founder Events list 43 0 0 0 2000.html ... more details
In genetics , a founder mutation is a mutation that appears in the DNA of one or more individuals who are founders of a distinct population. Founder mutations initiate with changes that occur in the DNA and can get passed down to other generations. ref name BSCS cite web url http bscs.org pages curriculumdevelopment onco glossary.htm title Bioinformatics Glossary publisher bscs.org accessdate 2009 03 23 ref ref name CIHR cite web url http www.mshri.on.ca colorectalcancer definitions.html title Colorectal Cancer Research Definitions publisher www.mshri.on.ca accessdate 2009 03 23 ref Founder mutations originate in long stretches of DNA on a single chromosome indeed, the original haplotype is the whole chromosome. As the generations progress, the proportion of the haplotype that is common to all carriers of the mutation is shortened due to genetic recombination . This shortening allows scientists to roughly estimate the age of the mutation. ref name SCIAM cite web url http www.sciam.com article.cfm?id founder mutations title Founder Mutations Scientific American publisher www.sciam.com accessdate 2009 03 23 ref References references genetics stub Category Evolutionary biology Category Genetics Category Mutation ... more details
for the concept in organizations Founder s syndrome Image Founder effect.png thumb right Simple illustration of founder effect. The original population is on the left with three possible founder populations on the right. In population genetics , the founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs ... The theory of speciation via the founder principle journal Genetics volume 94 issue 4 pages 1011 ... , from the parent population from which it is derived. In extreme cases, the founder effect ... founder populations show that one or the other color may predominate founder effect , due to random sampling of the original population. A population bottleneck may also cause a founder effect even though it is not strictly a new population. The founder effect is a special case of genetic drift . ref ... H Freeman and Company ref In addition to founder effects, the new population is often a very small ... s Vineyard Sign Language . General The founder effect is a special case of genetic drift, occurring ... to consider the founder effect and by extension, genetic drift a significant driving force ... in genetic variation and small population size accompanying the founder effect were critically ... founder effect Serial founder effect have occurred when populations migrate over long distances ... and geographic distance in human populations for a serial founder effect originating in Africa ... origin of modern humans out of Africa is characterized by serial founder effects. ref cite journal ... variation using a coalescent based serial founder model of migration outward from Africa journal Proc ... pmc 1534032 doi 10.1186 1471 2164 7 151 ref Founder effects in island ecology Founder populations ... found, but a classic series of studies on founder population effects were done following ... cone, with life smothering layers, restarting their biodiversity from effectively zero. Founder effects in human populations Due to various migrations throughout human history, founder effects are somewhat ... more details
coord 51 25 29 N 00 34 00 W type landmark display title Infobox building name Founder s Building native name former names alternate names image Foundersrhul.jpg alt caption Founder s Building of Royal Holloway, University of London map type map alt map caption altitude building type architectural style Gothic Revival architecture Gothic Revival structural system cost Pound sterling 600,000 client Thomas Holloway owner current tenants landlord location address location town Egham location country United Kingdom iso region coordinates display latitude longitude latd latm lats latNS longd longm longs longEW coordinates start date 1874 completion date 1881 inauguration date renovation date demolition date destruction date height diameter floor count floor area main contractor architect William Henry Crossland architecture firm structural engineer services engineer civil engineer awards url references Image RoyalHolloway FrontEntrance.jpg thumb right 295px The main gate of the college with the Founder s Building in the background The Founder s Building was the original building of Royal Holloway College . Today it is the dominant building on the campus of Royal Holloway, University of London RHUL in Egham , Surrey . The construction of the building began in 1874, and was completed in 1881. The building and the college were a Pound sterling 600,000 gift to the nation by the entrepreneur and philanthropy philanthropist Thomas Holloway . It was designed by the architect William Henry Crossland , and inspired by the Ch teau de Chambord in the Loire Valley , France . The building was officially opened in 1886 by Queen Victoria , who allowed the use of Royal in the college s name. A statue ...?sectioncode 26&storycode 405223&c 1 Original features Times Higher Education. 5 February 2009 ref The Founder ... of the college s main administrative offices remain within the Founder s Building. It is also a Hall ... 360px left Founder s Building Category Grade I listed buildings in Surrey Category Grade I listed ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 The Salvation Army In 1917, five years after the death of the founder of the Salvation Army William Booth , his son, General Bramwell Booth , inaugurated the Order of the Founder to recognise Salvationists who had rendered distinguished service, such as would have specially commended itself to the Founder. ref The Salvation Army Yearbook, 2010 pp. 35 ref The first awards were made in 1920 to 15 officers and one soldier. Three years later, seven officers and one local officer were honored, but since then the awards have been made much more sparingly and, to date, 104 officers and 106 lay Salvationists have been recognised with the Army s highest honor, a mere 210 in total over 83 years. The first presentation was to a soldier, Private Herbert Bourne, for outstanding Christian witness and service during military service in the First World War . A few senior leaders like Commissioner T. Henry Howard , General Evangeline Booth and Commissioner Catherine Bramwell Booth have been picked out but. much more commonly, faithful and devoted service by less well known personalities has been acknowledged. Some of the early awards went to people in the United Kingdom , Australia , Indonesia , Russia , France and the USA , but very quickly recipients from Japan , Guyana , Switzerland , Denmark , The Netherlands , China and Norway were picked out. New Zealand has probably had a higher than average recognition for the size of its population, but other territories such as Korea , South America West and Zimbabwe have also been featured. The honor is rarely given because every nomination is carefully and painstakingly scrutinised by a panel of senior leaders at IHQ. Salvationists have every reason to be proud of those who have been awarded this outstanding recognition for meritorious Christian example, witness and service. The recipients of the order are class ... 1990 ZIMMERMAN Emma Major Caribbean 2000 References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Order Of The Founder Category ... more details
Columbian Exchange Agriculture First agricultural revolution Fertile Crescent Neolithicfoundercrops ...refimprove date July 2010 The phrase New World Crops is usually used to describe crops that were native to North America North and South America before 1492 and not found anywhere else in the world at that time. Many of these crops have since come to be grown around the world and have often become an integral part of various cultures cuisines. Examples class wikitable Table of Ancient New World Crops ref Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs and Steel , W. W. Norton & Company, 1999, p. 126. ref Cereals Maize Maize corn , Phalaris caroliniana maygrass , little barley , wild rice Pseudocereals amaranth , quinoa goosefoot quinoa , knotweed , sunflower Pulses Common bean , tepary bean , scarlet runner bean , lima bean , and peanut Fiber Cotton , yucca , and agave Roots and Tubers Jicama , manioc cassava , potato , sweet potato , oca , mashua , ulluco , arrowroot , yacon , Calathea allouia leren , and peanut s Fruits Tomato , capsicum pepper , avocado , blueberries , Cranberry cranberries , huckleberries , cherimoya , papaya , pawpaw , passionfruit , tomatillo Melons Squash plant Squash es Meat and poultry turkey bird turkey , bison , coypu , muscovy duck , guinea pig , llama Nuts hickory , Juglans nigra black walnuts , pecans , shagbark hickory Other Chocolate , canna plant canna , tobacco , chicle key ingredient in chewing gum , rubber , maple syrup , vanilla Agriculture The new world developed agriculture much later than the fertile crescent . The following tables illustrate the crops that were grown and the chronology of domestication. class wikitable Timeline of New World Crop Cultivation ref http www.gardendigest.com timegl.htm Gardening History Timeline From Ancient Times to the 20th Century Bot generated title ref Date Crops Location 7000BC Maize Central America 5000BC Cotton Mexico 4800BC Squash br capsicum Pepper s br Avocado s br Amaranth Mexico 4000BC Maize br Common Bean ... more details
Infobox Journal cover discipline Agricultural science abbreviation J. Plant. Crops website publisher Indian Society for Plantation Crops country India history 1973 to present ISSN 0304 5242 CODEN JPCRDW The Journal of Plantation Crops is an India Indian peer review ed scientific journal and is the official publication of the Indian Society for Plantation Crops ISPC and the only journal aimed at dissemination of research findings in a range of plantation crops. Covered crops are coconut , arecanut , oil palm , cashew , spices , Cocoa bean cocoa , coffee , tea , rubber and plantation crops based cropping systems. Currently the Journal of Plantation Crops is published with three issues per year. Publication of the journal started in 1973 with Dr. N.M. Nayar until 1980 as the founder editor. Indian Society for Plantation Crops , established in 1971 and hosted at the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute CPCRI in Kasaragod Town Kasaragod , Kerala , is a professional forum serving for the sustainable growth and development of plantation crops sector in the country. During the past 3 decades, the society has metamorphosed in to one of the premier scientific societies in India . The activities of the society include Publication of Journal of Plantation Crops JPC holding National and International Symposia, e.g. PLACROSYM encouraging original research by instituting various awards awarding fellowships for students for pursuing research in plantation crops Category Agricultural journals Category Publications established in 1973 ... more details
The arable crops program is a consolidated support system operated under the EU Common Agricultural Policy for producers of major cereals, oilseeds, and protein crops. Production of these crops constituted 21 of farm income and 40 of agricultural lands in the EU in 2000. Main elements of the program include area compensatory payment s, reductions in administered prices also known as intervention prices , and annual land set aside program requirements. References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach DEFAULTSORT Arable Crops Program Category Agriculture by region ... more details
Summary Afghan boys sit amidst their tomato crops in Nangarhar Province. Photo USAID Afghanistan Source http www.usaid.gov locations asia near east countries afghanistan pdfs agriculture jan06.pdf Licensing PD USGov USAID ... more details
Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops The 2002 farm bill P.L. 107 171, Sec. 3205 requires use of 2 million annually in Commodity Credit Corporation CCC resources for resolving sanitary and phytosanitary and related barriers to exports of U.S. specialty crops. CCC resources are to go for public and private projects and for technical assistance. References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach Category United States Department of Agriculture ... more details
PLACROSYM is the abbreviation for Plantation Crops Symposium , which is a series of scientific conference s held in India at different locations. Background A preliminary Symposium on Plantation Crops was as held in 1972 at Trivandrum , which should be accounted as the mother for all later Plantation Crops Symposia. Its proceedings were published 1973 as a supplement to Journal of Plantation Crops . ref Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Plantation Crops Symposium on Plantation Crops, Trivandrum India , 8 9 Dec 1972, 220 pp., published as J. Plant. Crops Vol. 1 Suppl , 1973. ref Although this preliminary symposium is entitled First National Symposium on Plantation Crops , it is not counted to the series of the later PLACROSYM s. Later, in 1978, the title for National Symposium on Plantation Crops was modified as Annual Symposium on Plantation Crops , indicating an annual appearance up to PLACROSYM V. From PLACROSYM VI, these series of symposia were held biennially at different research institutions engaged in research and development of plantation crop s. The objective of this symposium is to provide a common forum for interaction among the scientists and extension officers who are engaged in plantation crops research and development. The symposium also provides the platform for exchanging scientific ideas and technologies developed in various member institutions and to put in a collective thought for the overall development of the plantation sector. Further, it offers opportunity for the young scientists to acquire scientific knowledge and modern technologies through ... research institutes are involved with organizing of different PLACROSYM s Central Plantation Crops Research Institute CPCRI , Kasaragod 671 124, Kerala Indian Society for Plantation Crops ISPC , hosted ... with direct emphasis on Plantation Crops Research. The next upcoming PLACROSYM XIX will be held on December ... of PLACROSYM s were published as supplemental issues to Journal of Plantation Crops . External ... more details
The International Centre for Underutilised Crops ICUC is an independent nonprofit scientific research institute that investigates, coordinates and supports research programmes towards increasing the productivity and use of what are termed underutilised crops ref Also known in agricultural literature as neglected and underutilised species NUS . ref &mdash crop agriculture crop s that have a potential to be agriculture cultivated and made useful on a significantly larger scale than they have been. Founded in 1989, ref ICUC 2006a, p.1 ref the ICUC researches and promotes tropical , sub tropical and temperate plants and plant products, and operates in over 30 countries in a variety of partnership arrangements with international and local research groups, Non governmental organization NGOs and private enterprises. ref ICUC 2006b ref History The International Centre for Underutilised Crops was launched in 1989 at the University of Southampton in southern England , a concept arising out of the International Conference on New Crops for Food and Industry held in Southampton two years previously. ref ICUC 2006a ref The founding director was Dr. Nazmul Haq , an academic at Southampton s Civil Engineering and the Environment research school. ref ICUC IWMI 2005 ref During the 1990s the ICUC expanded and established networks in Asia , Southern Africa Southern and Eastern Africa , and secured research and development funding for several defined projects from sources such as the UK s Department ... for Underutilised Crops accessdate 2008 08 27 ref See also Agricultural biodiversity Notes reflist ... publisher International Centre for Underutilised Crops isbn 955 1560 03 5 id ISSN 1800 2315 cite web ... format PDF work Publications publisher International Centre for Underutilised Crops accessdate ... Crops ICUC moves to Sri Lanka Joint Statement by IWMI and ICUC url http www.iwmi.cgiar.org ... Crops , official website worldcat id lccn no95 33486 Category International research institutes ... more details
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