MYCIN was an early expert system developed over five or six years in the early 1970s at Stanford University ... from the antibiotics themselves, as many antibiotics have the suffix mycin . The Mycin system was also used for the diagnosis of blood clotting diseases. Method MYCIN operated using a fairly simple ... interval confidence in each diagnosis probability, the reasoning behind each diagnosis that is, MYCIN ... recommended course of drug treatment. Despite MYCIN s success, it sparked debate about the use ... studies showing that MYCIN s performance was minimally affected by perturbations in the uncertainty ... . MYCIN s developers argued that this would require either unrealistic assumptions of probabilistic ... ref ref cite book title Rule Based Expert Systems The MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming ... conducted at the Stanford Medical School found MYCIN to propose an acceptable therapy in about 69 ... 1979 0032.pdf ref Practical use MYCIN was never actually used in practice. This wasn t because of any ... be held responsible? However, the greatest problem, and the reason that MYCIN was not used in routine .... MYCIN was a stand alone system that required a user to enter all relevant information about a patient by typing in response to questions that MYCIN would pose. The program ran on a large time .... In the 1970s, a session with MYCIN could easily consume 30 minutes or more an unrealistic time commitment for a busy clinician. MYCIN s greatest influence was accordingly its demonstration of the power ... were developed in the years that followed MYCIN s introduction of the approach. In the 1980s, expert system shells were introduced including one based on MYCIN, known as E MYCIN followed by IntelliCorp ... areas. A difficulty that rose to prominence during the development of MYCIN and subsequent complex ... of breathing disorders uses same inference engine as Mycin but substitutes in new domain knowledge ... AITopics pmwiki pmwiki.php AITopics RuleBasedExpertSystems Rule Based Expert Systems The MYCIN ... more details
italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Micromonospora image Actinomycetes sp 01.png image width 240px image caption Micromonospora spp. red colonies . regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales familia Micromonosporaceae genus Micromonospora genus authority rskov 1923 subdivision ranks Species subdivision See text Micromonospora is a genus of bacterium bacteria of the family Micromonosporaceae . They are gram positive , spore forming, generally aerobic organism aerobic , and form a branched mycelium they occur as saprotrophic forms in soil and water. Various species are sources of aminoglycoside antibiotics , which spellings often ends by micin , unlike most other aminoglycoside names that end with mycin to highlight the very different species from which they originate e.g. neomycin neo mycin and streptomycin strepto mycin , produced by Streptomyces Streptomyces spp. . Species Micromonospora aurantiaca Micromonospora carbonacea Micromonospora chalcea Micromonospora chersina Micromonospora citrea Micromonospora coerulea Micromonospora echinaurantiaca Micromonospora echinofusca Micromonospora echinospora produces highly toxic DNA splicing calicheamicin s Micromonospora fulviviridis Micromonospora gallica Micromonospora halophytica Micromonospora inositola produces the antibiotic sisomicin Micromonospora inyonensis produces the antibiotics mutamicin and netilmicin Micromonospora nigra Micromonospora olivasterospora Micromonospora pallida Micromonospora peucetia Micromonospora purpureochromogenes produces the antibiotic gentamicin Micromonospora rosaria Micromonospora sagamiensis Micromonospora viridifaciens References cite journal author Kroppenstedt RM, Mayilraj S, Wink JM title Eight new species of the genus Micromonospora, Micromonospora citrea sp. nov., Micromonospora echinaurantiaca sp. nov., Micromonospora echinofusca sp. nov. Micromonospora fulviviridis sp. nov., Micromonospora inyonensis sp. nov., Micromonospora peucetia sp. nov., ... more details
CADUCEUS was a medical expert system finished in the mid 1980s first begun in the 1970s it took a long time to build the knowledge base by Harry Pople of the University of Pittsburgh , building on Pople s years of interviews with Dr. Jack Meyers, one of the top internal medicine diagnosticians and a professor at the University of Pittsburgh . Their motivation was an intent to improve on Mycin MYCIN which focused on blood borne infectious bacteria to focus on more comprehensive issues than a narrow field like Bacteremia blood poisoning though it would do it in a similar manner instead embracing all internal medicine. CADUCEUS eventually could diagnose up to 1000 different diseases. While CADUCEUS worked using an inference engine similar to MYCIN s, it made a number of changes like incorporating abductive reasoning to deal with the additional complexity of internal disease there can be a number of simultaneous diseases, and data is generally flawed and scarce. CADUCEUS has been described as the most knowledge intensive expert system in existence . ref The Fifth Generation. Edward A. Feigenbaum and Pamela McCorduck . Addison Wesley, Reading, Ma 01867, 275 Pp. Feb 1, 1984 ref See also Internist I References references cite journal last1 Banks first1 G title Artificial intelligence in medical diagnosis the INTERNIST CADUCEUS approach journal Critical reviews in medical informatics volume 1 issue 1 pages 23 54 year 1986 pmid 3331578 cite journal last1 Wolfram first1 D title An appraisal of INTERNIST I journal Artificial Intelligence in Medicine volume 7 pages 93 year 1995 doi 10.1016 0933 3657 94 00028 Q cite journal last1 First first1 MB last2 Soffer first2 LJ last3 Miller first3 RA title QUICK QUick Index to Caduceus Knowledge using the INTERNIST 1 CADUCEUS knowledge base as an electronic textbook of medicine journal Computers and biomedical research, an international journal volume 18 issue 2 pages 137 65 year 1985 pmid 3886276 http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 6597 ... more details
law, it is primarily a case based system, in contradistinction to rule based systems like MYCIN ... that Amstrad did not authorise the infringement ref Ibid. n. 3 at p. 186 ref . SHYSTER MYCIN Popple ... of SHYSTER MYCIN a hybrid legal expert system first presented at ICAIL 03, 24 28 June 2003 in Edinburgh, Scotland. MYCIN is an existing medical expert system, which was adapted for use with SHYSTER. MYCIN s controversial certainty factor is not used in SHYSTER MYCIN. The reason for this is the difficulty ... of the MYCIN part is used to reason with the provisions of an Act of Parliament only ref O Callaghan ... 03 01.pdf Building and Testing the SHYSTER MYCIN Hybrid Legal Expert System Technical Report TR CS ... SHYSTER to determine open textured concepts when required by the rule based system MYCIN ref Ibid ... also MYCIN External links Popple, J. 1996 http cs.anu.edu.au James.Popple publications books shyster.pdf ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 In medicine and robotics , diagnostic robots are diagnosis medical diagnosis tools in the form of a physical robot or a software expert system. Developed in the 1970s near the height of the AI boom, automatic diagnosis systems are capable of gathering data for medical diagnosis with its knowledge based subsystem, and tools such as a tendon actuated, anthropomorphic finger, skin like sensors for tactile perception, etc. ref name Salcudean citation author Salcudean, S. E. Bell, G. Bachmann, S. Zhu, W. H. Abolmaesumi, P. Lawrence, P. D. title Robot Assisted Diagnostic Ultrasound Design and Feasibility Experiments journal Miccai99 url http www.springerlink.com index x07201782px81x22.pdf publisher Springer ref ref name Dario1988 citation author Dario, P. Bergamasco, M. year 1988 title An advanced robot system for automated diagnostic tasks through palpation journal Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on volume 35 issue 2 pages 118 126 doi 10.1109 10.1349 pmid 3350538 ref See also Flower robot Mycin Symptomat References reflist Category Diagnostic robots ... more details
List of drugs C Cm Co co Co Gesic Co Lav coa cog Coactin cobamamide International Nonproprietary Name INN Cobavite cobiprostone United States Adopted Name USAN , International Nonproprietary Name INN Cocaine cocarboxylase International Nonproprietary Name INN codactide International Nonproprietary Name INN Codamine Codeine Codeprex Codimal L.A. 12 codoxime International Nonproprietary Name INN Codoxy Codrix cofisatin International Nonproprietary Name INN Coffee cogazocine International Nonproprietary Name INN Cogentin Cognex drug Cognex col Col Probenecid cola colt Colazal ColBenemid Cold capsule v Cold Capsule V colecalciferol International Nonproprietary Name INN coleneuramide United States Adopted Name USAN , International Nonproprietary Name INN colesevelam International Nonproprietary Name INN Colestid colestilan International Nonproprietary Name INN colestipol International Nonproprietary Name INN colestolone International Nonproprietary Name INN colestyramine International Nonproprietary Name INN colextran International Nonproprietary Name INN colfenamate International Nonproprietary Name INN colforsin International Nonproprietary Name INN colfosceril palmitate International Nonproprietary Name INN Colgate Total colimecycline International Nonproprietary Name INN colistimethate sodium International Nonproprietary Name INN colistin International Nonproprietary Name INN collagenase clostridium histiolyticum United States Adopted Name USAN Colocort Colonaid Colovage colterol International Nonproprietary Name INN coly Coly Mycin M Coly Mycin S Colyte com con Combipatch Combipres Combivent Combivir comfilcon A United States Adopted Name USAN Commit Lozenge Compazine Compound 65 compound insulin zinc suspension International Nonproprietary Name INN compound solution of sodium chloride International Nonproprietary Name INN compound solution of sodium lactate International Nonproprietary Name INN Compro Comtan conatumumab United States Adopted Name USAN , Internation ... more details
Bilateral Vestibulopathy results as the culmination of damage done to both inner ears . Bilateral Vestibulopathy causes problems in vision, hearing and motor coordination. Symptoms Symptoms typically include imbalance and visual problems. Dark or unsure situations generally increase this imbalance.The imbalance is worse in the dark or in situations where footing is uncertain. Spinning vertigo is unusual. Oscillopsia , visual symptoms of Bilateral Vestibulopathy only occur when the head is moving ref J.C. Living without a balancing mechanism. New England Journal of Medicine 246 458 , 1952 ref . For instance, when driving, a person with Bilateral Vestibulopathy may see very blurry objects. Oscillopsia is often common during walking ref Freyss G, Vitte E, Semont A, Tran Ba Huy P, Gaillard P. Computation of eye head movements in oscllopsic patients modifications modifications induced by re education. Adv ORL 42 294 300, 1988 ref . Transient visual blurring occurs with quick movements of the head. Diagnosis Your physician will make a decision based on your history, physical examination or vestibular tests in a rotary chair. There are several different causes of Bilateral Vestibulopathy, including Gentamicin toxicity , but the rotary chair test will determine the effects on both ears. Tests for syphilis, an antibody test for autoimmune inner ear disease or audiogram s may be important in determining if you have bilateral vestibulopathy. Treatment Treatment differs depending on the cause. Each cause has a different treatment, and may involve either medical treatment, surgery, or therapy. If serious damage has already been done, then the focus of treatment is upon avoidance of vestibular suppressants and ototoxins . It is recommended that you tell your physicians to avoid drugs that end in mycin Azithromycin , Erythromycin because of possible reactions which could lead to setbacks. Vestibular rehabilitation is important. Your physician will try to keep the administering of ... more details
Informatics academic field Informatics is the academic field concerned with the study of the structure, the communication, and the use of information. Computational informatics, as a subfield of informatics, studies information using computational methodologies. Computational informatics can also be interpreted as the use of computational methods in the information sciences. Development From a historical viewpoint, medical informatics scientists also known as medical informaticians started to use artificial intelligence and Baysian statistical methods in diagnosis and medical decision making, as early as in the 1970s. An example is the MYCIN system developed at Stanford University . The field has since evolved to use a wide range of computational methods and to interact with all possible scientific and other disciplinary domains. In the recent years, the field integrates the following 1 Computational techniques Artificial intelligence, algorithms for architectures ranging from single CPU to massively parallel machines , programming, object oriented system design, databases, information retrieval, computer graphics and visualization. br 2 Probability, statistics and decision science Theory of probability, statistical inference, cost risk benefit analysis, probabilistic analysis, stochastic modeling, decision theory, statistical data analysis, probabilistic networks, pattern classification, statistical learning and modeling, statistical data mining. br 3 Applied mathematics Graph theory, differential equations, optimization theory, wavelets, group theory. br 4 Electrical engineering methods signal and image processing. br 5 Domain knowledge Art and cultural heritages, biology, chemistry, engineering, medicine, the Web. br 6 User sciences Design, human computer interaction, evaluation. br 7 Cyberinfrastructure for informatics search engines, digital repositories, storage. br 8 Scientometrics and bibliometrics science and policy evaluation, knowledge discovery. br Educa ... more details
in Medical Information Systems 1975 from Stanford University , with a dissertation on the MYCIN system ... Books 1. Shortliffe, E.H. Computer Based Medical Consultations MYCIN, Elsevier North Holland ... . 2. Buchanan, B.G. and Shortliffe, E.H. eds . Rule Based Expert Systems The MYCIN Experiments ... more details
List of drugs R Ra Rb r R Gene 10 R P Mycin ra rab raf rabeprazole International Nonproprietary Name INN racecadotril International Nonproprietary Name INN racefemine International Nonproprietary Name INN racefenicol International Nonproprietary Name INN racementhol International Nonproprietary Name INN racemethorphan International Nonproprietary Name INN racemetirosine International Nonproprietary Name INN racemoramide International Nonproprietary Name INN racemorphan International Nonproprietary Name INN racephedrine International Nonproprietary Name INN racepinefrine International Nonproprietary Name INN raclopride International Nonproprietary Name INN racotumomab International Nonproprietary Name INN ractopamine International Nonproprietary Name INN radafaxine hydrochloride United States Adopted Name USAN radezolid United States Adopted Name USAN Radiogardase rafivirumab International Nonproprietary Name INN rafoxanide International Nonproprietary Name INN ral ran ralitoline International Nonproprietary Name INN raloxifene International Nonproprietary Name INN raltegravir United States Adopted Name USAN raltitrexed International Nonproprietary Name INN ramatroban International Nonproprietary Name INN ramciclane International Nonproprietary Name INN ramelteon United States Adopted Name USAN ramifenazone International Nonproprietary Name INN ramipril International Nonproprietary Name INN ramiprilat International Nonproprietary Name INN ramixotidine International Nonproprietary Name INN ramnodigin International Nonproprietary Name INN ramoplanin International Nonproprietary Name INN ramorelix International Nonproprietary Name INN ramosetron International Nonproprietary Name INN ramucirumab United States Adopted Name USAN ranagengliotucel T United States Adopted Name USAN ranelic acid International Nonproprietary Name INN ranibizumab International Nonproprietary Name INN Raniclor Ranihexal Hexal Australia & 91 Australia Au & 93 . Redirects to ranitidine . ranimustine ... more details
List of drugs E Ea El e E Base E Glades E Mycin E E Mycin E Solve 2 E Z Prep E Z Scrub E Z Em Prep Lyte E.E.S. eb ec ebalzotan International Nonproprietary Name INN ebanicline tosylate United States Adopted Name USAN ebastine International Nonproprietary Name INN eberconazole International Nonproprietary Name INN ebiratide International Nonproprietary Name INN ebrotidine International Nonproprietary Name INN ebselen International Nonproprietary Name INN EC Naprosyn ecabapide International Nonproprietary Name INN ecabet International Nonproprietary Name INN ecadotril International Nonproprietary Name INN ecalcidene United States Adopted Name USAN ecallantide United States Adopted Name USAN , International Nonproprietary Name INN ecastolol International Nonproprietary Name INN ecenofloxacin International Nonproprietary Name INN ecipramidil International Nonproprietary Name INN eclanamine International Nonproprietary Name INN eclazolast International Nonproprietary Name INN ecogramostim International Nonproprietary Name INN ecomustine International Nonproprietary Name INN econazole International Nonproprietary Name INN Econochlor Econopred ecopladib United States Adopted Name USAN ecothiopate iodide International Nonproprietary Name INN ecromeximab International Nonproprietary Name INN , United States Adopted Name USAN Ecstasy drug Ecstasy ectylurea International Nonproprietary Name INN eculizumab United States Adopted Name USAN ed edaravone International Nonproprietary Name INN edatrexate International Nonproprietary Name INN Edecrin edelfosine International Nonproprietary Name INN edetic acid International Nonproprietary Name INN edetol International Nonproprietary Name INN Edex edifoligide United States Adopted Name USAN edifolone International Nonproprietary Name INN edobacomab International Nonproprietary Name INN edodekin alfa International Nonproprietary Name INN edogestrone International Nonproprietary Name INN edonentan United States Adopted Name USAN edotecarin ... more details
manufactured by Parkdale Pharmaceuticals Coly Mycin M Parenteral is prescribed in milligrams of colistin ... ref Coly mycin M 150 mg colistin base is 360 mg colistimethate or 4,500,000 units. ref .... Coly Mycin has a recommended dose of 2.5 to 5 mg kg colistin base a day, which is equivalent ... Mycin is 360 to 720 mg of colistimethate sodium. Likewise, the recommended maximum dose for each preparation is different 480 mg for Colomycin and 720 mg for Coly Mycin . Each country ... more details
mycin is conventionally added to indicate antibiotics derived from actinobacteria ref Alexander ... of the world , CABI, 2007 ISBN 0851998275, p. 416 ref or fungi. ref OED mycin ref Properties The individual ... more details
and treatment. An example of a rule based expert system in the clinical setting is MYCIN . Developed at Stanford University by Dr. Edward Shortliffe in the 1970s, MYCIN was based on around 600 rules and was used to help identify the type of bacteria causing an infection . While useful, MYCIN ... phase clinical trials. As with MYCIN, the domain of medical knowledge addressed by ONCOCIN was limited ... separate tiers symptoms, states and diseases. Examples of CDSS buzzword section MYCIN , one of the first ... more details
saved book title Wikipedia Handbook of Biomedical Informatics subtitle cover image AFNI screenshot.png cover color wildbot yes Wikipedia Handbook of Biomedical Informatics General Overview Health information technology Health informatics Clinical Informatics Cybermedicine EHealth Health 2.0 Public health informatics Applications in Healthcare Management Health Administration Informatics Medical integration environment Health information exchange Hospital information system Healthcare workflow Computer physician order entry ICU quality and management tools Laboratory information management system Laboratory information system MHealth Practice management software Clinical Quality Management System Health Electronic Records Electronic health record Electronic medical record Personal health record COmputer STored Ambulatory Record COSTAR COmputer STored Ambulatory Record ProRec Health record trust Canadian EMR ClearHealth Laika EHR testing framework Laika OpenEHR OpenEMR OpenMRS KMEHR Kind Messages for Electronic Healthcare Record Summarized Electronic Health Record VistA VistA imaging VistA Web WorldVistA ZEPRS Decision Support Applications Clinical decision support system Computer aided diagnosis Medical algorithm Medical logic module Arden syntax Concept Processing Guideline execution engine CADUCEUS expert system CADUCEUS DXplain Internist I Mycin Physicians Information and Education Resource RetroGuide Symptomat STD Wizard Medical Imaging Applications Digital radiography Imaging informatics Patient registration Radiology information system Picture archiving and communication system Analysis of Functional NeuroImages 3DSlicer Analyze imaging software Analyze CARET Computerized Anatomical Reconstruction and Editing Toolkit CARET CAVEman FreeSurfer ImageJ InVesalius ITK SNAP Mango software Mango OsiriX Medical and biological signal applications Medical monitor Holter monitor Automated ECG interpretation Open ECG project MECIF Protocol SCP ECG European Data Format Open ... more details
success. Medical diagnosis e.g., Mycin was a major application area, as were games such as chess . In the 1980s ..., medical diagnosis viewed in terms of rules e.g., MYCIN looks substantially different from the same task viewed in terms of frames e.g., INTERNIST . Where MYCIN sees the medical world as made up of empirical ... more details
Dendral was an influential pioneer project in artificial intelligence AI of the 1960s, and the computer software expert system that it produced. Its primary aim was to study hypothesis formation and discovery in science. For that, a specific task in science was chosen help organic chemistry organic chemists in identifying unknown organic molecules, by analyzing their mass spectrometry mass spectra and using knowledge of chemistry. ref name November, 2006 November, 2006 ref It was done at Stanford University by Edward Feigenbaum , Bruce Buchanan , ref http www.cbi.umn.edu oh display.phtml?id 147 Oral history interview with Bruce G. Buchanan , Charles Babbage Institute , University of Minnesota. ref Joshua Lederberg , and Carl Djerassi , along with a team of highly creative research associates and students. ref Lederberg, 1987 ref It began in 1965 and spans approximately half the history of AI research. ref name Lindsay et al., 1980 Lindsay et al., 1980 ref The software program Dendral is considered the first expert system because it automated the decision making process and problem solving behavior of organic chemists. ref name November, 2006 The project consisted of research on two main programs Heuristic Dendral and Meta Dendral , ref name Lindsay et al., 1980 and several sub programs. It was written in Lisp programming language , which was considered the language of AI because of its flexibility. ref name November, 2006 Many systems were derived from Dendral, including MYCIN , MOLGEN, Macsyma MACSYMA , PROSPECTOR, XCON , and STEAMER. The name Dendral is a portmanteau of the term Dendritic Algorithm . ref name Lindsay et al., 1980 Heuristic Dendral Heuristic Dendral is a program that uses mass spectra or other experimental data together with knowledge base of chemistry, to produce a set of possible chemical structures that may be responsible for producing the data. ref name Lindsay et al., 1980 A mass spectrum of a compound is produced by a mass spectrometer, and i ... more details
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