Refimprove date July 2009 Image Mucus cells.png thumb Mucous cells In vertebrate s, mucus adjectival ... . This mucus serves to protect Epithelium epithelial cells in the respiratory , gastrointestinal ... and the gills in fish . A major function of this mucus is to protect against infectious agents such as fungi , bacteria and viruses . The average human body produces about a litre of mucus per day ... ref Bony fish , hagfish , snail s, slugs , and some other invertebrates also produce external mucus. In addition to serving a protective function against infectious agents , such mucus provides protection ... . Respiratory system In the respiratory system , mucus aids in the protection of the lung s by trapping .... Phlegm is a specialized term for mucus that is restricted to the respiratory tract, whereas the term mucus describes secretions of the nasal cavity nasal passages. Nasal mucus is produced by the nasal ... are caught in the viscous nasal or airway mucus and prevented from entering the system. This event along with the continual movement of the respiratory mucus layer toward the oropharynx , helps prevent foreign objects from entering the lungs during breathing. In addition, mucus aids in moisturizing ... mucins in airways mucus journal Annual Review of Physiology volume 70 issue 44 pages 459 ... 17850213 ref Nasal and airway mucus is produced continuously, with most of it swallowed unconsciously, even dried nasal mucus when it is dried . ref name gates cite book authorlink Stefan Gates first ... year 2006 isbn 0156030977 chapter Boogers pages 68, 69 ref Increased mucus production in the respiratory ... of mucus can occur in inflammatory respiratory diseases such as respiratory allergy allergies , asthma , and chronic bronchitis . ref name annu rev physiol The presence of mucus in the nose and throat ... of nasal mucus. Citation needed date February 2010 Diseases involving mucus In general, nasal mucus is clear and thin, serving to filter air during inhalation. During times of infection, mucus can change ... more details
Mucus plug may refer to plugging of the bronchioles by mucus Cervical mucus plug dab Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Unreferenced stub date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Alkaline mucus is a thick fluid produced by animals which confers tissue protection in an acid ic environment, such as in the stomach . DEFAULTSORT Alkaline Mucus Category Digestive system Biochem stub ... more details
Vaginal mucus is a natural substance occurring within the vagina , particularly the cervix , that maintains a certain level of moisture at all times. The volume, color, and consistency of vaginal mucus changes according to the period of the menstrual cycle . Both the chemical make up and the physical consistency viscosity change during this time. A slippery, clear, egg white like consistency usually indicates that the woman is ovulating. Relative dryness usually indicates an infertile point in the menstrual cycle. Excessive or oddly coloured mucus may indicate various infection s of the vagina or pregnancy . As a sexual response During sexual stimulation the blood vessel s fill inducing vasocongestion . As a result, more fluids largely sweat are introduced to the genitals creating a higher level of moisture. This makes penetration of the vagina easier as it serves as natural vaginal lubrication . See also Fertility awareness Cervical mucus genitourinary stub Category Fertility tracking Category Body fluids da Udfl d ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Eating mucus Image Nose picking in progress.jpg Caption A man picking his nose DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Eating mucus is the act of extracting nasal mucus and the succeeding action of ingesting the resulting product of this nose picking . Nasal mucus is also termed as boogers, snot, nose crusts, bogeys, dried nasal mucus , mucus secretion, and other related terms including comerse los mocos to eat one s snot . ref name portalatin Booger eating is a common behavior in children occurring from psychological disorders or simply resulting from habit. Some scientists argue that booger eating provides benefits for the human body as well as potential health risks. However, this action is condemned in most cultures and societies which try to prevent development of the habit and attempt to break it if already established. Booger eating is a source of mockery and entertainment in the media thus confirming the social scorn previously ... with appearance and strive to look hygienic in public. Nasal mucus is socially acceptable, whereas ... to avoid dried mucus, minimizing the urge to pick the nose. Remind the child to wash his her hands ... and in mucus. Picking one s nose can cause upper airway destruction as well as other injuries ... the fungal diversity in nasal mucus in 2003. 104 samples were gathered with 331 identifiable strains ... just like a medicine due to the antiseptics and antibodies contained within the mucus. ref name stephenson Jane Stephenson compares boogers to vaccines. She says the germs in dried nasal mucus ... system benefits she claims that ingested mucus stimulates B lymphocytes, which produce antibodies to fight infection. The more the immune system is exposed to nasal mucus, the more effective the antibodies ... adults. ref name portalatin See also Nose picking Dried nasal mucus References Reflist refs ref name ... as found in nasal mucus. Medical Mycology 41.2 2003 149 161. Google Scholar. Web. 18 Sept. 2009 ... more details
A cervical mucus plug is a plug that fills and seals the Canal of the cervix cervical canal during pregnancy. It is formed by a small amount of cervical mucus . The mucus plug acts as a protective barrier by deterring the passage of bacteria into the uterus . ref http parenting.ivillage.com pregnancy plabor 0,,3pv4,00.html Mucus Plug Information and overview at iVillage Pregnancy & Parenting ref Normally during human pregnancy , the mucus is cloudy, clear, thick, and sticky. Toward the end of the pregnancy, when the cervix thins, some blood is released into the cervix which causes the mucus to become bloody. As the woman gets closer to labor, the mucus plug discharges as the cervix begins to dilate. The plug may come out as a plug, a lump, or simply as increased vaginal discharge over several days. The mucus may be tinged with brown, pink, or red blood, which is why the event is sometimes referred to as bloody show . Loss of the mucus plug by no means implies that delivery or labor is imminent. Having Sexual intercourse intercourse or a vaginal examination can also disturb the mucus plug and cause a woman to see some blood tinged discharge, even when labor does not end up starting over the next few days. ref http www.babycenter.com 0 signs of labor 181.bc Signs of labor BabyCenter ref References Reflist Category Obstetrics Category Pregnancy es Tap n mucoso ... more details
Cervical mucus method may refer to a specific method of fertility awareness or natural family planning Billings ovulation method Creighton Model FertilityCare System Two Day Method disambig ... more details
File Popel.jpg thumb Bogey or booger Dried nasal mucus , pieces of which are colloquially known as bogeys ref http www.askoxford.com concise oed bogey 2?view uk ref in British English and boogers ref http www.merriam webster.com dictionary booger ref in American English , is commonly found in the Human nose nose and is a result of drying of the normally viscous colloid al mucus or Mucus snot . ref cite web url http kidshealth.org kid talk yucky booger.html title What s a Booger? work KidsHealth ref Formation Image Gray855.png thumb Lateral wall of nasal cavity, showing the nasal vestibule vestibule , in which dried nasal mucus can often be found. unreferenced section date November 2009 Mucous membrane s in the nasal cavity constantly produce a wet mucus that lines the cavity and removes dust and pathogens from the air flowing through. For the most part, the cilia that also line the cavity work to move the mucus down the nasal cavity to the pharynx where it can be swallowed. However, not all the mucus stays fluid enough to be moved by the cilia. The closer the mucus is to being in the nasal vestibule and near the nostril opening, the more moisture it loses to the outside air, and the more likely it is to dry out and become stuck. Eating main Eating mucus Stefan Gates in his book Gastronaut discusses eating dried nasal mucus, and says that 44 of people he questioned said they had eaten their own dried nasal mucus in adulthood and said they liked it. ref name gates Stefan Gates , Gastronaut Adventures in Food for the Romantic, the Foolhardy, and the Brave , 2006, ISBN 0156030977 paperback , http books.google.com books?id dlSXXguGw9UC&pg PA68&dq 22dried nasal mucus 22 PPA68,M1 Boogers , pp. 68, 69 ref As mucus filters airborne contaminants, eating it could be thought to be unhealthy Gates comments that our body has been built to consume snot, because the nasal mucus is normally ... in our environment today. ref See also Mucophagy Rhinolith Nasal mucus Respiratory disease References ... more details
wiktionary Mucous may refer to The adjectival form of mucus , a slippery secretion of the lining of various membranes in the body Mucous membrane , a membrane which secretes mucus Mucous museek client , a client to the file sharing application museekd for the peer to peer network Soulseek disambig ur ... more details
The gastric mucus mucosal barrier is the property of the stomach that allows it to contain acid. If the barrier is broken, as by acetylsalicylic acid ASS, aspirin in acid solution, acid diffuses back into the mucosa where it can cause damage to the stomach itself. The barrier consists of three protective components http hmi.sinclair.edu module lesson.asp?ModuleID 10&LessonID 8 . These provide the additional resistance for the mucosal surface of the stomach. The three components include a compact epithelial cell lining Cells in the epithelium of the stomach are bound by tight junctions that repel harsh fluids that may injure the stomach lining. a special mucus covering The mucus covering is derived from mucus secreted by surface epithelial cells and mucosal neck cell s. This insoluble mucus forms a protective gel like coating over the entire surface of the gastric mucosa. The mucus protects the gastric mucosa from autodigestion by e.g. pepsin and from erosion by acids and other caustic materials that are ingested. bicarbonate ions The bicarbonate ions are secreted by the surface epithelial cells. The bicarbonate ions act to neutralize harsh acids. Category Digestive system it Barriera mucosa gastrica ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2009 Mucopurulent discharge is the emission or secretion of fluid containing mucus and pus muco pertaining to mucus and purulent pertaining to pus from the human eye eye , Human nose nose , cervix , vagina or other part of the body due to infection and inflammation . Types include In ophthalmology , mucopurulent discharge from the eyes, and caught in the eyelashes, is a hallmark sign of bacterial conjunctivitis . The normal buildup of tear s, mucus, and dirt compare rheum that appears at the edge of the eyelid s after sleep is not mucopurulent discharge, as it does not contain pus. Vaginal discharge References reflist Category Symptoms Category Diseases of the eye and adnexa symptom stub ja ... more details
wiktionary Loogie may refer to Loogie, minor character from South Park see List of minor characters on South Park Loogie Mucus See also Left handed specialist in baseball nicknamed loogy disambig ... more details
Mucophagy is feeding on mucus of fish es or invertebrate s. It may also refer to consumption of mucus or dried mucus in primate s. There are mucophagous parasite s, such as some sea lice that attach themselves to gill segments of fish. ref http gemi.mpl.ird.fr cepm SiteWebESS Fr deMeeus SeaLice93a.pdf Pathogenesis of Wild and Farmed Seafish ref Mucophages may serve as cleaners of other animals. Another usage of this term is in reference to the feeding organ rich in mucous cells which pumps the water through, feeding particles get entrapped in mucus, and the latter proceeds into the esophagus . ref http www.springerlink.com content d075q10363201838 The epibranchial organ, its innervation and its probable functioning in Heterotis niloticus Pisces, teleostei, osteoglossidae ref See also Nose picking Rhinotillexis References references Feeding Category Carnivory es Mucofagia ... more details
wiktionarypar snot Snot is slang for nasal mucus or dried nasal mucus , but may also refer to snotty , a Royal Navy slang for a midshipman Snot band , a rock band 1995 1998 2008 Snott , a character from the video game Earthworm Jim Snot American Dad , a character from the US television show American Dad Sid Snot , an aging biker character performed by Kenny Everett disambig ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 A suction trap is a machine that uses air to suck liquid or mucus . It is widely used to extract mucus from recently born babies that are unable to do it by themselves. File Inhalating SuctionTrap P1090507.JPG thumb Suction traps that works by inhalation File Pumping SuctionTrap P1090508.JPG thumb Pump powered suction trap External links commons category Suction traps Category Tools Category Babycare tool stub es Aspirador nasal ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2008 A mucolytic agent or expectorant is any agent which dissolves thick mucus and is usually used to help relieve respiratory difficulties. It does so by hydrolyzing glycosaminoglycans, tending to break down lower the viscosity of mucin containing body secretions components. The viscosity of mucous secretions in the lungs is dependent upon the concentrations of mucoprotein. An expectorant from the Latin expectorare , to expel from the chest helps bring up mucus and other material from the lungs, bronchi , and Vertebrate trachea trachea . An example of an expectorant is guaifenesin which promotes drainage of mucus from the lungs by thinning the mucus and lubricating the irritated respiratory tract. Sometimes the term expectorant is incorrectly extended to any cough medicine. ref name expectorant cite web title Definition of Expectorant url http www.medterms.com script main art.asp?articlekey 24354 work MedicineNet publisher MedicineNet.com accessdate 14 December 2010 ref quote An expectorant increases bronchial secretions and mucolytics help loosen thick bronchial secretions. Expectorants reduce the thickness or viscosity of bronchial secretions thus increasing mucus flow that can be removed more easily through coughing, Mucolytics break down the chemical structure of mucus molecules. The mucus becomes thinner and can be removed more easily through coughing Adams, Holland, & Bostwick, 2008, p. 591 Available forms Many brands are available on the market with mucolytic action like Mucomelt A which generally contain acetylcysteine and ambroxol . References references References Adams, Holland, & Bostwick 2008 . Pharmacology for Nurses A Pathophysiologic approach. Author. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. med stub Cough and cold preparations Category Pulmonology Category Expectorants bg ca Expectorant cs Expektorans de Expektorans es Expectorante fr Expectorant kn nl Expectorans ru sl Ekspektorans ... more details
refimprove date August 2010 Spinnbarkeit English spinnability , also known as fibrosity , is a biomedical rheology term which refers to the stringy and or stretchy property found to varying degrees in mucus , saliva , albumen and similar viscoelasticity viscoelastic fluids. The term is used especially with reference to cervical mucus at the time just prior to or during ovulation , ref cite journal title Observations on Certain Rheological Properties of Human Cervical Secretion. author Clift AF journal Proc R Soc Med date 1945 Nov volume 39 issue 1 pages 1 9 pmid 19993188 pmc 2181791 ref and to sputum , particularly in cases of cystic fibrosis . ref cite journal journal Adv Drug Deliv Rev date 2009 02 27 volume 61 issue 2 pages 86 100 title Micro and macrorheology of mucus. author Lai SK, Wang YY, Wirtz D, Hanes J pmid 19166889 pmc 2736374 ref Under the influence of estrogens , cervical mucus becomes abundant, clear, and stretchable, somewhat like egg white. The stretchability of the mucus is described by its spinnbarkeit, from the German language German word for the ability Spinning textiles to be spun . Only such mucus appears to be able to be penetrated by spermatozoon sperm . After ovulation, the character of cervical mucus changes, and under the influence of progesterone it becomes thick, scant, and tacky. Sperm typically cannot penetrate it. Saliva does not always exhibit spinnbarkeit, but it can under certain circumstances. The thickness and spinnbarkeit of nasal mucus are factors in whether or not the nose seems to be blocked. Mucociliary transport depends on the interaction of fibrous mucus with beating cilia. ref cite journal journal Braz J Otorhinolaryngol date 2007 Sep Oct volume 73 issue 5 pages 704 12 title Methods for studying mucociliary transport author Trindade SH, de Mello JF Jr, Mion Ode G, Lorenzi Filho G, Macchione M, Guimar es ET, Saldiva PH. pmid 18094814 url http www.scielo.br scielo.php?script sci arttext&pid S0034 72992007000500018&lng en&n ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The postcoital test PCT is a test in the evaluation of infertility . It was apparently first performed by J. Marion Sims and later described by Max Huhner , thus it has also been called Sims Huhner Test . The test is supposed to examine interaction between spermatozoon sperm and mucus of the cervix . The PCT is scheduled close to ovulation when mucus is abundant, and the infertile couple is asked to have Sexual intercourse intercourse . Several hours later, the woman is examined by the physician and the presence of active sperm in the mucus is recorded. Normally, active sperm are expected to be found as they can survive for many hours. A poor PCT may indicate sperm or mucus problems, including perhaps presence of immune factors that inactivate sperm. Also ovulatory problems and poor coital technique may affect the PCT. With the application of principles of evidence based medicine the role of the PCT has been questioned and its use has become controversial. DEFAULTSORT Postcoital Test Category Medical tests Category Gynecology Category Fertility medicine ... more details
Hemagglutininesterase is a protein of the envelope of some viruses. Its function is related with the pathogenicity of the virus and with its interaction with the host. It may help the virus bind and enter the mucus layer of the intestinal way. External links MeshName hemagglutinin esterase Category Viral enzymes enzyme stub virus stub ... more details
Cervical effacement refers to a thinning of the cervix. It is a component of the Bishop score . It can be expressed as a percent. ref name pmid2047066 cite journal author Holcomb WL, Smeltzer JS title Cervical effacement variation in belief among clinicians journal Obstet Gynecol volume 78 issue 1 pages 43 5 year 1991 month July pmid 2047066 doi url ref Prior to effacement, the cervix is like a long bottleneck, usually about four centimeters in length. Throughout pregnancy , the cervix is tightly closed and protected by a plug of mucus . When the cervix effaces, the mucus plug is loosened and passes out of the vagina . The mucus may be tinged with blood and the passage of the mucus plug is called bloody show or simply show . As effacement takes place, the cervix then shortens, or effaces, pulling up into the uterus and becoming part of the lower uterine wall. Effacement may be measured in percentages, from zero percent not effaced at all to 100 percent, which indicates a paper thin cervix. Effacement is followed by cervical dilation . References reflist External links http www.americanpregnancy.org labornbirth effacement.html American Pregnancy Association on effacement Category Childbirth Category Midwifery Category Obstetrics Med stub Pregnancy ... more details
Mucociliary clearance , also referred to as mucociliary apparatus or mucociliar clearance MCC , derived from mucus , Cilium cilia cilia of the tracheal surface epithelium in the respiratory tract and clearance describes the self clearing mechanism of the Bronchus bronchi . The Bronchus main bronchi down to the Bronchus alveoli are lined with a respiratory epithelium . On that, cilium is present, bearing hair shaped structures on its surface cilia . The Cilium cilia are surrounded by a thin fluid film of mucus. On top of that is a second viscous film of mucus, in which foreign particles and microorganisms get stuck. Within the thin fluid film of mucus the cilia act out movements coordinated in direction towards the pharynx . Thereby the viscous film of mucus including its freight is transported off in direction towards the mouth, where it is either swallowed or expelled via coughing. Important for good mucociliary clearance are the number of cilia, their structure, activity, and coordinated movement. Optimum functionality of mucociliary clearance presuppose a temperature of 37 C and an Humidity absolute humidity of 44 mg dm corresponding to a Humidity relative humidity of 100 . Under the condition of insufficient temperature and humidity, after a short time the ciliary cells suspend their transport function. Under such circumstances, bacterial germinal colonization is facilitated. Pulmonary infections and damaging of the pulmonic tissues may be the consequence. High humidity enhances the functionality of the mucociliary clearance. Two methods of supporting mucociliary clearance are the active and the passive respiratory gas humidification , which in particular are applied in mechanical ventilation . See also Cystic fibrosis References M.A. Sleigh, J.R. Blake, N. Liron The Propulsion of Mucus by Cilia. In Am. Rev. Respir., Dis. 1988 137 726 41. R. Williams, N. Rankin, T. Smith, et al. Ralationship between humidity and temperature of inspired gas and the function of th ... more details
enzyme Name glycoprotein O fatty acyltransferase EC number 2.3.1.142 CAS number 122191 29 1 IUBMB EC number 2 3 1 142 GO code 0047965 image width caption In enzymology , a glycoprotein O fatty acyltransferase EC number 2.3.1.142 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction palmitoyl CoA mucus glycoprotein math rightleftharpoons math CoA O palmitoylglycoprotein Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are palmitoyl CoA and mucus glycoprotein , whereas its two product chemistry products are coenzyme A CoA and O palmitoylglycoprotein . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those acyltransferase s transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is fatty acyl CoA mucus glycoprotein fatty acyltransferase . This enzyme is also called protein acyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Kasinathan C, Grzelinska E, Okazaki K, Slomiany BL, Slomiany A date 1990 title Purification of protein fatty acyltransferase and determination of its distribution and topology journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 265 pages 5139&ndash 44 pmid 2318887 issue 9 transferase stub Category EC 2.3.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Glicoproteina O acido grasso aciltransferasi ... more details
Orphan date April 2010 A lung flute is a medical device used to clear mucus from congested lungs with low frequency sound waves. The device consists of a mouthpiece and a plastic reed which vibrates within a chamber to create sound waves in the chest cavity. These sound waves vibrate and break up mucus deposits in the lungs, allowing cilia to more easily move these deposits from the lungs to the throat. Invented by acoustics engineer Sandy Hawkins, the lung flute is currently in use as a diagnostic tool in Japan, Europe, and Canada, and is currently awaiting approval by the Food and Drug Administration United States U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA for use in the United States. ref http www.popsci.com bown 2009 innovator pied piper mucus Cory Binns, Popsci.com ref The Lung Flute was cleared by FDA for use as a therapeutic medical device on January 4, 2010 and is now available for sale in the United States. ref http www.accessdata.fda.gov cdrh docs pdf9 K091557.pdf FDA 510 k SUMMARY ref References Reflist External links http medgadget.com archives 2009 06 lung flute helps to get the sputum out.html medgadget.com Categories DEFAULTSORT Lung Flute Category Medical equipment Medical equipment stub ... more details
Wiktionary booger Booger may refer to Mucus or snot, usually dried nasal mucus U.S. colloquial A ghost or hobgoblin, used to frighten children also boogerbear, boogerman or bogeyman mainly southern U.S. . People Marco Boogers , a retired footballer from the Netherlands Johann Lucas Bo r 1751 1835 , born Johann Lucas Boogers, German physician Bastion Booger , a ring name of professional wrestler Mike Shaw Anthony McFarland , NFL defensive lineman nicknamed Booger Ed Smith streetball player , streetball player nicknamed Booger Dudley Booger Dawson , a character played by Curtis Armstrong in the Revenge of the Nerds movie series Other uses Boogertown, a community in Gaston County, North Carolina The Bardin Booger, a skunk ape , i.e., a cryptid said to inhabit Putnam County, Florida disambig ... more details
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