Protein Name Motilin image Motilin Image.png caption NMR solution structure of motilin in phospholipid ... solution structure and dynamics of motilin in isotropic phospholipid bicellar solution journal J ... .3 p21.2 ECnumber OMIM 158270 EntrezGene 4295 RefSeq NM 001040109 UniProt P12872 PDB 1lbj Motilin is a 22 amino acid polypeptide hormone from motilin family that, in humans, is encoded by the MLN gene ... of the human motilin gene journal DNA volume 8 issue 8 pages 615 21 year 1989 month October pmid 2574660 doi 10.1089 dna.1989.8.615 url ref Motilin is secreted by endocrine M cells these are not the same ... TL title Motilin journal Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes volume 15 issue 1 pages 54 7 year ..., motilin is unrelated to other hormones. Because of its ability to stimulate gastric activity, it was named Motilin . Apart from in humans, motilin receptor s are found in the gastrointestinal tracts of pig s, rat s, cow s and cat s and in the central nervous system of rabbits . Discovery Motilin ... from purification of secretin on carboxymethyl cellulose. They named this polypeptide Motilin . ref name pmid4706833 cite journal author Brown JC, Cook MA, Dryburgh JR title Motilin, a gastric ... url issn ref Structure Motilin has 22 amino acids and molecular weight of 2698. In extract from human gut and plasma, there are two basic forms of motilin. The first molecular form is the polypeptide ... page 2748 ref The sequences of amino acids of motilin is Phenylalanine Phe Valine Val Proline ... peptide hormone motilin, consisting of 22 amino acid residues, have been studied ... 10 were determined for motilin specifically labeled with sup 13 sup C at this position by analysis ... beta turn. The sup 13 sup C dynamics clearly show that motilin tumbles slowly in solution, with a correlation time characteristic of a large object. ref name pmid12495026 Stimulus Control of motilin ... activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulatory effect. Some studies in dogs have shown that motilin ... more details
context date October 2010 Pfam box Symbol Motilin ghrelin Name Motilin ghrelin image PDB 1lbj EBI.jpg width caption Structure of motilin in isotropic phospholipid bicellar solution. ref name pmid12495026 cite journal author Andersson A, M ler L title NMR solution structure and dynamics of motilin in isotropic phospholipid bicellar solution journal J. Biomol. NMR volume 24 issue 2 pages 103 12 year 2002 month October pmid 12495026 doi 10.1023 A 1020902915969 url ref Pfam PF04644 InterPro IPR006738 SMART Prosite SCOP 1lbj TCDB OPM family 154 OPM protein 1lbj PDB PDB3 1lbj A 27 47 PDB3 1p7x A 24 51 Motilin is a gastrointestinal regulatory polypeptide produced by motilin cells in the duodenal epithelium . It is released into the general circulation at about 100 min intervals during the inter digestive state and is the most important factor in controlling the inter digestive migrating contractions. Motilin also stimulates endogenous release of the endocrine pancreas ref name PUB00008516 cite journal author Itoh Z title Motilin and clinical application journal Peptides volume 18 issue 4 pages 593 608 year 1997 pmid 9210180 ref . This domain is also found in ghrelin , a growth hormone secretagogue synthesised by endocrine cell s in the stomach . Ghrelin stimulates growth hormone secretagogue receptors in the pituitary. These receptors are distinct from the growth hormone releasing hormone receptor s, and thus provide a means of controlling pituitary growth hormone release by the gastrointestinal system ref name PUB00007825 cite journal author Kangawa K, Matsuo H, Kojima M, Hosoda H title Ghrelin discovery of the natural endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor journal Trends Endocrinol. Metab. volume 12 issue 3 pages 118 122 year 2001 pmid 11306336 doi 10.1016 S1043 2760 00 00362 3 ref . Human proteins GHRL MLN References reflist InterPro content IPR006737 Category Protein domains Category Hormones ... more details
Wikify date January 2011 PBB geneid 2862 Motilin receptor is a G protein coupled receptor that binds motilin . ref name pmid11813507 cite journal author Depoortere I title Motilin and motilin receptors characterization and functional significance journal Verh. K. Acad. Geneeskd. Belg. volume 63 issue 6 pages 511 29 year 2001 pmid 11813507 doi issn ref ref name pmid17037727 cite journal author Yang X, Dong L, Yang H title Evidence for the presence of motilin receptor and a study on the mechanism of motilin induced Ca2 signaling in rat myenteric neurons language Chinese journal Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban volume 37 issue 5 pages 683 6 year 2006 pmid 17037727 doi issn ref Motilin in turn is an intestinal peptide that stimulates contraction of gut smooth muscle. References Reflist Further ... journal author Feighner SD, Tan CP, McKee KK, et al. title Receptor for motilin identified in the human ... Motilin receptors in the human antrum. journal Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. volume ... I, Van Assche G, et al. title Demonstration of a functional motilin receptor in TE671 cells from human ... of peptide ligand binding domains within the human motilin receptor using photoaffinity labeling ... cite journal author Thielemans L, Depoortere I, Vanden Broeck J, Peeters TL title The motilin pharmacophore in CHO cells expressing the human motilin receptor. journal Biochem. Biophys. Res ... releasing peptides ghrelin and growth hormone releasing peptide 6 with the motilin receptor in the rabbit ... B, Dong M, Naik S, et al. title Differential contributions of motilin receptor extracellular domains ... url http www.iuphar db.org GPCR ChapterMenuForward?chapterID 1334 title Motilin Receptors Motilin accessdate ... quote MeshName Motilin receptor G protein coupled receptors The PBB Controls template provides controls ... Motilin Receptor Category G protein coupled receptors Category Human proteins transmembranereceptor stub sr Motilin receptor ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB 12277 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO ICDO 8156 1 OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 2145 MeshID D013005 Somatostatinoma is a tumor of the delta cell s of the endocrine pancreas that produces somatostatin . It is associated with diabetes mellitus and abnormal glucose tolerance . Triad of Mild Diabetes mellitus , Steatorrhoea , Gall stones . also associated with hypochlorhydria . Commonly found in head of pancreas , and are malignant. Elevated plasma levels of Somatostatin. Pathophysiology main Somatostatin in a normal subject actions of Somatostatin include In the anterior pituitary gland , the effects of somatostatin are Inhibit the release of growth hormone thus opposing the effects of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone GHRH Inhibit the release of thyroid stimulating hormone TSH Somatostatin suppresses the release of gastrointestinal hormone s Gastrin Cholecystokinin CCK Secretin Motilin Vasoactive intestinal peptide VIP Gastric inhibitory polypeptide GIP Enteroglucagon Lowers the rate of gastric emptying, and reduces smooth muscle contractions and blood flow within the intestine Suppresses the release of pancreatic hormones Inhibits the release of insulin Inhibits the release of glucagon Suppresses the exocrine secretory action of pancreas . This explaining how abnormally elevated Somatostatin can cause Diabetes mellitus , by inhibiting insulin secretion, Steatorrhoea by inhibiting Cholecystokinin and Secretin , Gall stones by inhibiting Cholecystokinin which normally induce gallbladder myocytes contraction, and hypochlorhydria caused by inhibiting Gastrin , which normally stimulate acid secretion. Treatment Treatment is by chemotherapy with streptozocin , dacarbazine , doxorubicin . See also Gastrin Cholecystokinin CCK Secretin Motilin Vasoactive intestinal peptide VIP Gastric inhibitory polypeptide GIP Enteroglucagon insulin glucagon Somatostatin Diabetes mellitus oncology stub Epithelial neoplasms Endocrine g ... more details
, et al. title Effects of mitemcinal GM 611 , an acid resistant nonpeptide motilin receptor agonist, on the gastrointestinal .... ref cite journal author McCallum RW, Cynshi O title Clinical trial effect of mitemcinal a motilin ... more details
Migrating motor complexes or migrating myoelectric complex are waves of activity that sweep through the intestines in a regular cycle during fasting state. These motor complexes help trigger peristalsis peristaltic wave s which facilitate transportation of indigestible substances such as bone, fiber and foreign bodies from the stomach , through the small intestine past the ileocecal sphincter into the colon anatomy colon . The MMC originates in the stomach roughly every 75 90 minutes during the interdigestive phase between meals and is responsible for the Borborygmus rumbling experienced when hungry. It also serves to transport bacteria from the small intestine to the large intestine , and to inhibit the migration of colonic bacteria into the terminal ileum. The MMC is thought to be partially regulated by motilin which is initiated in the stomach as a response to Vagus nerve vagal stimulation, and does not depend on extrinsic nerves directly. References http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com migrating myoelectric complex External links http www.vivo.colostate.edu hbooks pathphys digestion stomach mmcomplex.html Overview at colostate.edu GeorgiaPhysiology 6 6ch2 s6ch2 26 MeshName Migrating motor complex Gastrointestinal physiology Category Digestive system digestive stub ru ... more details
image Digestive hormones.jpg right thumb 350px Actions of the major digestive hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells Enteroendocrine cells are specialized endocrine cell biology cell s of the gastrointestinal tract . They produce hormone s such as serotonin ref UIUCHistologySubject 321 ref , somatostatin , motilin , cholecystokinin , gastric inhibitory peptide , neurotensin , vasoactive intestinal peptide , and enteroglucagon . Most enteroendocrine cells are found in the islets of Langerhans , but they are also found in other locations. For example, the G cell s which secrete gastrin are located primarily in the stomach . ref Medcyclopaedia iv 1 g G cell ref Enteroendocrine cells are also found in the duodenum . ref BUHistology 11604loa Endocrine System duodenum, enteroendocrine cells ref Enterochromaffin like cell and enterochromaffin cells are also considered enteroendocrine cells. ref MeshName Enteroendocrine cells ref Pathology Rare and slow growing carcinoid tumors develop from these cells. When a tumor arises it has the capacity to secrete large volumes of hormones. See also APUD cell References reflist Gastrointestinal physiology Human cell types derived primarily from endoderm Category Endocrine system Category Cells sl Enteroendokrina celica ... more details
No footnotes date February 2011 The gastrointestinal hormones or gut hormones constitute a group of hormone s secreted by enteroendocrine cell s in the stomach , pancreas , and small intestine that control various functions of the digestive organs. Later studies showed that most of the gut peptides, such as secretin , cholecystokinin or substance P , were found to play a role of neurotransmitter s and neuromodulator s in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Enteroendocrine cells do not form endocrine glands but are spread throughout the digestive tract. They exert their autocrine and paracrine actions that integrate all of gastrointestinal function. Types of Gastrointestinal hormones The gastrointestinal hormones can be divided into three main groups based upon their chemical structure . Gastrin family Gastrin cholecystokinin family gastrin and cholecystokinin Secretin family secretin , glucagon , vasoactive intestinal peptide and gastric inhibitory peptide Somatostatin family Motilin family Substance P . Ghrelin is a peptide hormone released from the stomach and is often referred to as the hunger hormone since high levels of it are found in individuals that are fasting. Ghrelin antagonistic treatments can be used to treat illnesses such as anorexia and loss of appetites in cancer patients. Ghrelin treatments for obesity are still under intense scrutiny and no conclusive evidence has been reached. This hormone stimulates growth hormone release. Cholecystokinin is responsible for gall bladder secretions, gastrointestinal motility as well as pancreatic exocrine secretions. Peptide YY is involved mostly in satiation modulation. Pancreatic polypeptide function is most apparent in control of gastrointestinal motility and satiation Amylin controls glucose homeostasis and gastric motility Glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide possesses an acute influence on food intake through its effects on adipocytes Glucagon like peptide 1 has an effect on incretin activit ... more details
cleanup date May 2009 Infobox Company company name Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. company logo company type Incorporation business Incorporation Market information listed TSE 1 4519 Abbreviation Chugai Pharmaceutical, Nationality Zipcode ku, 103 8324 location Nihonbashi Mitsui Tower, Nihonbashi Muromachi 2 1 1, Ch , Tokyo br On the registration Headquarter Tokyo Kita Tokyo Kita Ukima Ukima Plant Office Ph 03 3281 6611 Founded 1943 March 8 Industry Pharmaceutical Industry, Business import, production and development of drugs for medical sales Revenue 72.9 billion capital of 47 million yen. Standalone sales of 329.2 billion yen and 344.8 billion yen consolidated br December 2007 homepage http www.chugai pharm.co.jp Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is a subsidiary drug manufacturer operating in Japan controlled by Hoffmann La Roche who owns a 52 majority of the company. Previous to Roche s takeover in 2002, Chugai was a pioneering discoverer of many important pharmaceutical compounds. Crowning achievements and collaborations 1961 developed patents for synthesis vitamin A 1995 acute promyelocytic sphere of drug treatment leukemia BESANOIDO was released. 1996 anti viral chemotherapeutic agent HAIBIDDO released human immunodeficiency virus HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor 1997 HIV protease inhibitor INBIRAZE released 1999 immunosuppressive agent SERUSEPUTO released 2000 Release of an antiemetic drug developed to combat the side effects of chemotherapy 2001 Produced an anti influenza virus Tamiflu Roche 2001 Discovered a malignant lymphoma target molecule RITSUKISAN 2001 Released Herceptin, a novel breast cancer therapeutic Other notable developments Scientists at Chugai discovered an erythromycin derived motilin agonist called Mitemcinal aka GM 611 or 3 N dimethyl 11 deoxy 3 N isopropyl 12 O methyl 11 oxo 8,9 didehydroerythromycin. Mitemcinal was believed to have strong prokinetic properties, similar to its parent molecule, but lack antibiotic properties. Presently, ... more details
cells. motilin this substance increases gastro intestinal motility via specialized receptors called motilin receptors. somatostatin This hormone is produced by duodenal mucosa and also by the delta ... more details
of erythromycin. Scientists at Chugai Pharmaceuticals discovered an erythromycin derived motilin ... , are very common because erythromycin is a motilin agonist. ref name pmid8470625 cite journal author Weber FH Jr, et. al title Erythromycin a motilin agonist and gastrointestinal prokinetic ... more details
url issn ref Ghrelin also enhances the motility of gastrointestinal tract, as does motilin . Ghrelin ... services chromcancer Genes GhrelinID327.html title Ghrelin MTLRP motilin related peptide author ... more details
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