1906837074 DEFAULTSORT Misuse Of Statistics Category Misuse of statistics Category Laymen and statistics Category Ethics and statistics bg nl Misbruik van statistische gegevens fi Luokka ...Merge from Statistical hypothesis testing Criticism date November 2010 Globalize date January 2011 A misuse of statistics occurs when a statistical argument asserts a falsehood. In some cases, the misuse may be accidental. In others, it is purposeful and for the gain of the perpetrator. When the statistical reason involved is false or misapplied, this constitutes a statistical fallacy . The false statistics trap can be quite damaging to the quest for knowledge. For example, in medical science, correcting a falsehood may take decades and cost lives. Misuses can be easy to fall into. Professional scientists, even mathematicians and professional statisticians, can be fooled by even some simple methods, even if they are careful to check everything. Scientists have been known to fool themselves with statistics due to lack of knowledge of probability theory and lack of standardization of their tests. Types of misuse Discarding unfavorable data In product quality control terms all a company has to do to promote a neutral useless product is to find or conduct, for example, 40 studies with a confidence level of 95 . If the product is really useless, this would on average produce one study showing ... unreliable. On the other hand, many people consider that statistics are inherently unreliable because ... in the original dredging. The misuse comes in when that hypothesis is stated as fact without further .... See also How to Lie with Statistics , a 1954 book by Darrel Huff wikiquote Notes reflist References ... Spirer, 1987, Misused Statistics Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY. Campbell, S.K., 1974, Flaws ... Problem in the Statistics of Defect Detection Test Reliability, Speech to the Golden Gate ... B, Yang Y, Ozkaya G, Cangur S, Ediz B, Kan I 2007 Misusage of Statistics in Medical Researches ... more details
notability date December 2010 Misuse detection actively works against potential insider threat computer threats to vulnerability computing vulnerable company data . MisuseMisuse detection is an approach in detecting attack computer attacks . In misuse detection approach, we define abnormal system behaviour at first, and then define any other behaviour, as normal behaviour. It stands against anomaly detection approach which utilizes the reverse approach, defining normal system behaviour and defining any other behaviour as abnormal. In other words anything we don t know is normal. Using attack signatures in IDS es is an example of this approach. Misuse detection has also been used to refer to all kinds of computer misuse. ref Helman, Paul, Liepins, Gunar, and Richards, Wynette, Foundations of Intrusion Detection, The IEEE Computer Security Foundations Workshop V, 1992 ref See Intrusion detection . Theory In theory, It assumes that abnormal behaviour and activity has a simple to define model. Its advantage is simplicity of adding known attacks to the model. Its disadvantage is its inability to recognize unknown attacks. References references Further reading For more information on Misuse Detection, including papers written on the subject, consider the following http ir.iit.edu publications downloads p73 cathey.pdf Misuse Detection Concepts and Algorithms article by the IR Lab at IIT. Category Data security ... more details
File Misuse restaurant model.svg thumb 320px Example of the Misuse case principle, which could be used in thinking about capturing security requirements. Misuse Case is a business process modeling tool used in the software development business. The term Misuse case or mis use case has derived from use ... nik 2001 21 sindre.pdf Capturing Security Requirements through Misuse Cases ref The concept was created ... tdt4237 papers Paper3 SecReq MisuseCases.pdf Eliciting security requirements with misuse cases ref . Overview ... when the software or product is used. In contrast, a Misuse Case describes or at least names something ... Using misuse cases as a modeling tool lets you treat non functional requirements e.g., typical ... true regarding Trade off analysis ref http easyweb.easynet.co.uk iany consultancy misuse cases misuse cases in tradeoffs.htm Initial Industrial Experience of Misuse Cases in Trade Off Analysis 2002, by Ian Alexander ref . Creating misuse cases will often trigger a chain reaction which makes it easier to identify both functional and non functional requirements. The discovery of a misuse case will often ... for yet a new misuse case ref name easyweb.easynet.co.uk http easyweb.easynet.co.uk iany consultancy misuse cases misuse cases.htm Misuse cases help to elicit non functional requirements 2003, by Ian ... is its lack of structure and semantics. From use to misuse case In an industry it s important to describe ... them ref name SA09 Gunnar Peterson,John Steven Defining Misuse within the Development Process ... . The contrast between the misuse case and the use case is the goal the misuse case describes potential ... Misuse case use cases with hostile intent , presentation ref . Another description of the difference is by ref name SA11 Guttorm Sindre, Andreas L. Opdahl, Templates for Misuse Case Description ..., one could define a misuse case as a completed sequence of actions which results in loss for the organization ... SysML , and this use of drawing the agents and misuse cases of the scenario explicitly helps ... more details
Competition law Copyright misuse is an Equity law equitable affirmative defense defense against copyright copyright infringement infringement in the United States . Under this defense, a copyright infringer may avoid infringement liability if the copyright holder has engaged in abusive or improper conduct in exploiting or enforcing the copyright. Copyright misuse is comparable to, and draws from precedents under, the older doctrine of patent misuse , which dates back to the early years of the 20th century and derives from the more general equity doctrine of unclean hands. ref See Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Mfg. Co., 243 U.S. 502 1917 . ref The doctrine forbids the copyright owner from attempting to extend the effect or operation of copyright beyond the scope of the statutory right for example, by engaging in restrictive license licensing practices that are contrary to public policy, particularly the public policy of copyright law . ref See, e.g., Lasercomb v. Reynolds ... owner that has engaged in misuse to enforce its copyright whether by securing an injunction against infringers or collecting damages for infringement, until the misuse has been purged that is, the improper ... B.B. Chem. Co. v. Ellis, 315 U.S. 495 1942 . ref Copyright misuse is not a statutory defense set forth ... from the patent misuse doctrine. One of the earliest copyright misuse precedents is a case in the U.S. ... Circuit subsequently endorsed the copyright misuse doctrine in Lasercomb Am., Inc. v. Reynolds ... misuse derives ultimately from the longstanding equitable doctrine of unclean hands , which ... of copyright misuse includes but is not limited to antitrust anti competitive activity . Restraints that hinder the promotion of the progress of human knowledge may be held copyright misuse, as in the Lasercomb .... See also Copyfraud Kai Puolam ki , activist against copyright misuse in Finland References Reflist Category Copyright law Misuse, Copyright Category Equitable defenses Category Anti competitive behaviour ... more details
title Statistics from the Northern Ireland Drug Misuse Database 1 April 2007 31 March 2008 url ...Infobox Disease Name Benzodiazepine drug misuse Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 F13.1 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 290585 MeshID Benzodiazepine drug misuse , sometimes ... misuse is as high as other common drugs of misuse. When used recreationally benzodiazepines ... drug of misuse. They can be misused to achieve the high that benzodiazepines produce or more commonly ... D year 1997 month January title Benzodiazepine misuse by drug addicts journal Annals of clinical ... nimetazepam seizure recorded since nimetazepam became a controlled drug under the Misuse ... benzodiazepine drug misuse is escalation of dose. Most licit prescribed users of benzodiazepines .... Males and females misuse benzodiazepines equally. Of drugs used in attempted suicide, benzodiazepines ... and diazepam as the 4th in the USA. Motivations misuse Benzodiazepines have demonstrated reward ... ref Humans are motivated to misuse benzodiazepines to achieve a sedative hypnotic high which often ... than those who use benzodiazepines on a daily basis. ref name baashton Misuse of benzodiazepines is widespread ... as their use is often restricted to binges or occasional misuse. Benzodiazepine dependence when it occurs ... 2007.pdf title Drug misuse and dependence UK guidelines on clinical management author National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse authorlink National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse ... misuse with one author stating this occurs in over a quarter of those who have achieved abstinence ... and 1999. ref name INCB 1999 In Northern Ireland statistics of individuals attending drug addiction ... with 35 percent of individuals reporting it as their main problem drug. The statistics showed ... who misuse benzodiazepines. Simultaneous consumption of temazepam with heroin is a potential risk ... nimetazepam became a controlled drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act in 1992. ref name Central Narcotics ... more details
Nofootnotes date July 2009 Under United States laws, pesticide misuse is the use of a pesticide in a way that violates laws regulating their use or endangers humans or the environment many of these regulations are laid out in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act FIFRA . The most common example of pesticide misuse is application inconsistent with the labeling, which could be use of a material in any way not described on the label, changing dosage rates, or violating a specific safety instruction. Other kinds of pesticide misuse could include selling or using an unregistered pesticide, or one whose registration has been revoked, the sale or use of an adulterated or misbranded pesticide. It would also be a violation to alter or remove pesticide labels, to sell restricted pesticides to an uncertified applicator, or to fail to keep sales and use records of restricted pesticides. Health effects Main Health effects of pesticides One of the worst cases of pesticide misuse in recent history involved the application of a pesticide intended for outdoor agricultural use methyl parathion to homes in Mississippi for cockroaches and other home pests. Two exterminators were charged with multiple criminal charges after their ongoing use of several years was exposed. A number of residents, including two infants, suffered symptoms of pesticide poisoning . A number of homes and business, including several day care centers and schools were rendered uninhabitable or unusable. Heavy fines and prison terms followed for the perpetrators Fact date August 2008 . Pesticide misuse that endanger human health or even cause death get the most attention from law enforcement, yet pesticide poisonings are still a common problem, particularly with agricultural workers. In other animals Pesticide misuse can also endanger wildlife and other environmental resources. A Florida man was recently ... area. A South Carolina farmer was cited and fined for pesticide misuse, because he ignored ... more details
Competition law In United States patent law , patent misuse is an affirmative defense used in patent infringement patent litigation when a defendant has been accused to have patent infringement infringed a patent . It has also been used to Extenuating circumstances mitigate damages following a finding of infringement or justify a failure to pay contracted for royalties. This umbrella term usually describes any of the following a violation of United States antitrust law antitrust laws improper expansion of the scope or term of the patent inequitable conduct in the procurement or enforcement of a patent sometimes termed non purgeable misuse . In the United States, a patent is a statutory right that grants the patentee the right to exclude others from making, using, or selling a patented invention . This is unsupported. Historically, courts were willing to entertain a patent misuse defense for patent owners who never undertook any commercial use and solely sought out infringers. Fact date February 2007 Recent decisions have held Under current U.S. patent law it is not patent misuse simply to enforce rights to a patent, in good faith, and enforcement is permissible irrespective of any use or non use by the owner. ref See 35 U.S.C. 271 d 4 Dawson Chemical Co. v. Rohm & Haas Co. , 448 U.S. 176 1980 . Sham or bad faith patent enforcement i.e., without belief that the claim is meritorious ... unclean hands principle of the patent misuse doctrine in Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal ... rule that similar misuse of a patent is a defense to an infringement suit comes from Morton Salt Co ... salt . ref Most types of misuse can be purged by abandoning the practice and causing its effects ..., is not purgeable. Statutory limitation The scope of the patent misuse doctrine is today limited ... or contributory infringement of a patent shall be denied relief or deemed guilty of misuse or illegal ... misuse Evergreening Inequitable conduct Patent ambush Patent troll Submarine patent Category United ... more details
Antibiotic misuse , sometimes called antibiotic abuse or antibiotic overuse refers to the misuse and overuse of antibiotic s which has serious effects on public health. Antibiotic resistant bacteria is a growing threat and becoming increasingly common. This overuse creates multi antibiotic resistant life threatening infections by super bugs , sometimes out of relatively harmless bacteria. ref name pmid9643260 cite journal author Harrison JW, Svec TA title The beginning of the end of the antibiotic era? Part II. Proposed solutions to antibiotic abuse journal Quintessence International volume 29 issue 4 pages 223 9 year 1998 month April pmid 9643260 ref Antibiotic abuse also places the patient at unnecessary risk of adverse effects of antibiotics. Epidemiology Within a recent study concerning the proper use of this class in the emergency room it was revealed that 99 of these prescriptions were in error. Out of the one hundred total patients studied, eighty one received a fluoroquinolone for an inappropriate indication. Out of these cases, forty three 53 were judged to be inappropriate because another agent was considered first line, twenty seven 33 because there was no evidence of a bacterial infection to begin with based on the documented evaluation and eleven 14 because of the need for such therapy was questionable. Out of the nineteen patients who received a fluoroquinolone for an appropriate indication, only one patient out of one hundred received both the correct dose and duration of therapy. ref name pmid12622607 cite journal author Lautenbach E, Larosa LA, Kasbekar N, Peng HP, Maniglia RJ, Fishman NO title Fluoroquinolone utilization in the emergency departments of academic medical centers prevalence of, and risk factors for, inappropriate use journal Archives of Internal ... worldwide, potentially due to the widespread misuse of this class of antimicrobials. ref Cite ... 2010 DEFAULTSORT Antibiotic Misuse Category Antibiotics Category Health disasters Category Pharmaceuticals ... more details
the assumptions of the method. Misuse of statistics can produce subtle, but serious errors in description ... of statistics. Further discussion will occur Misuse later . Even when statistical techniques are correctly ... statistical software are now available. Misuse Main Misuse of statistics There is a general perception that statistical knowledge is all too frequently intentionally Misuse of statistics misused by finding ...Refimprove date September 2008 Two other uses the field of statistics Selfref statistics about Wikipedia inline Wikipedia StatisticsStatistics is the science of the collection, organization, and interpretation ... 0 19 920613 9 ref ref http www.thefreedictionary.com dict.asp?Word statistics The Free Online Dictionary ... in any of a list of fields of application of statistics wide number of fields . There is also a discipline called mathematical statistics , which is concerned with the theoretical basis of the subject. The word statistics , when referring to the scientific discipline, is singular, as in Statistics is an art. ref cite web url http www.merriam webster.com dictionary statistics title Statistics work ... plural is statistics this statistic seems wrong or these statistics are misleading . File The Normal ... the closer one gets to the expected mean value in a normal distribution . Statistics used in standardized .... TOC limit 3 Scope Some consider statistics to be a mathematical science pertaining to the collection ... and Explain with statistics , pp. 1&ndash 3. Addison Wesley, 1986. ref while others consider it a branch of mathematics ref Hays, William Lee, Statistics for the social sciences , Holt, Rinehart and Winston ... of its empirical roots and its focus on applications, statistics is usually considered to be a distinct ... David title Statistics for the Twenty First Century publisher The Mathematical Association of America location Washington, DC year 1992 pages 14 25 chapter Teaching Statistics as a Respectable Subject ... with the design of experiments and survey sampling . Statistics also provides tools for prediction ... more details
Misuse of Drugs Act is the name of several similar national drug control laws passed by countries in the Commonwealth of Nations and by the Republic of Ireland . With the exception of Ireland s 1977 Act, they all sort drugs into three categories, Classes A, B, and C. This classification system was influenced by the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and other drug control treaties. Some of the Acts are Misuse of Drugs Act Australia There appear to be separate Acts in Western Australia and the Northern Territory. Misuse of Drugs Act Belize Misuse of Drugs Act Ireland Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 in New Zealand Misuse of Drugs Act Singapore Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 in the United Kingdom disambig ... more details
The Misuse of Drugs Act is a national drug control law of Belize that divides drugs into three classes. There does not seem to be any mechanism for adding, removing, or transferring drugs between classes without amending the statute. Like the Misuse of Drugs Act s of other nations, this statute is designed to implement the provisions of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and its supplementary drug control treaty treaties . See also Politics of Belize References http www.unodc.org unodc en legal library bz legal library 1992 06 01 1992 9.html Misuse of Drugs Act, 1990 , United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Category Drug control law Category Belizean law Category Health in Belize Category 1990 in law Category 1990 in Belize Belize stub statute stub ... more details
The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs ACMD is a statutory and non executive non departmental British public body, which was established under the UK s Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 . Mandate Its terms of reference, ref name UKSTCreport cite journal title Drug classification, making a hash of it? author ... to them likely to be misused and of which the misuse is having or appears to them capable of having ... in the opinion of the Council ought to be taken for preventing the misuse of such drugs or dealing with social problems connected with their misuse, and in particular on measures which in the opinion ... the arrangements for their supply b for enabling persons affected by the misuse of such drugs to obtain ... with social problems connected with the misuse of drugs d for educating the public and in particular ... is of relevance for the purpose of preventing the misuse of such drugs or dealing with any social problem connected with their misuse . blockquote Functioning One of the key functions of the ACMD ... of, Government including the British Crime Survey, the Forensic Science Service statistics, general ... with concerns and responsibilities for those who misuse drugs professional bodies published and unpublished ... committee on drug classification and policy, the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs ACMD . We ... operates within the framework set by the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 but, bearing in mind that the Council ... made in 2006. The report stated that not enough was being done about alcohol and tobacco usage and that the Misuse ... and relevant experience of social problems connected with the misuse of drugs. ref name Members ... NHS Foundation Trust s substance misuse service, and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society s representative ... on the Misuse of Drugs, have all reiterated that the majority of public opinion is against reforming ... on the Misuse of Drugs website DEFAULTSORT Advisory Council On The Misuse Of Drugs Category British Misuse of Drugs Act Category Non departmental public bodies of the United Kingdom government ... more details
The Misuse of Drugs Act 1977 and the Misuse of Drugs Act 1984 are the acts of the Oireachtas regulating drugs in Republic of Ireland Ireland . The acts outline the penalties for unlawful production, possession and supply of drugs. Regulations The act provides for the Minister for Health and Children Ireland Minister for Health to make regulations scheduling drugs according to their use perceived medical usability and their risk to the public. Additionally, these regulations outline the requirements for distribution and monitoring of the listed substances. The principal regulations are the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 1988 SI 328 1988 as amended by the Misuse of Drugs Amendment Regulations 1993 SI 342 1993 , the Misuse of Drugs Amendment No. 1 Regulations 1999 SI 273 1999 , the Misuse of Drugs Amendment Regulations 2006 SI 53 2006 , the Misuse of Drugs Amendment Regulations 2007 SI 200 2007 , the Misuse of Drugs Amendment No. 1 Regulations 2009 SI 63 2009 and the Misuse of Drugs Amendment No. 2 Regulations 2009 SI 122 2009 . Schedule 1 The substances and certain derivatives thereof considered by the state to have no medicinal or scientific value with consideration given regarding their likelihood of their being abused and thus would be considered illegal drugs. substances 1 benzylpiperazinc BZP i.e. benzylpiperazine , added by the 2009 Regulations Bufotenine Cannabinol except where contained in cannabis or cannabis resin Cannabinol derivatives Cannabis and Cannabis resin hashish Cathinone Coca leaf Concentrate of Poppy straw poppy straw Eticyclidine Khat being the leaves of Catha edulis Celastraceae added by 1993 Regulations Lysergamide Lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergide and other N alkyl derivatives of lysergamide i.e. LSD Mescaline Psilocin opium Raw opium Rolicyclidine ... 1977 en act pub 0012 index.html Misuse of Drugs Act 1977 . http www.irishstatutebook.ie 1984 en act pub 0018 index.html Misuse of Drugs Act 1984 . Category 1977 in law Category 1984 in law Category ... more details
Infobox NZ Legislation short title Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 long title An Act to consolidate and amend the Narcotics Act 1965 and to make further provision for the prevention of misuse of drugs introduced by date passed 1975 royal assent commencement amendments related legislation status Current New Zealand s Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 is a national drug control law that classifies drugs into three classes, or Schedules, based on their risk of harm Class A , or First Schedule Very high risk of harm and illegal LSD Heroin Cocaine Methamphetamine Psilocin and Psilocybin Class B , or Second Schedule Very high risk of harm and on prescription Cannabis hashish, cannabis oil, or other preparation Morphine Hydromorphone Pethidine Amphetamine MDMA Ecstasy Class C , or Third Schedule Moderate risk of harm. Cannabis plant, leaf, fruit or seeds Barbiturates ref 1 1 phenobarbital, barbital, etc. Benzodiazepines ref 2 2 diazepam, alprazolam, lorazepam, nitrazepam, etc. note 1 Note 1 Pentobarbital, secobarbital, and amobarbital are subject to more legal restrictions and tougher penalties than other Class C substances. br note 2 Note 2 Temazepam and flunitrazepam are subject to more legal restrictions and tougher penalties than other Class C substances. Fourth Schedule Precursor substances. The Expert Advisory Committee on Drugs EACD makes Scheduling decisions, based on scientific and medical evidence and or international treaty obligations. New Zealand is a party to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs , the Convention on Psychotropic Substances , and the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances . National Drug Policy New Zealand notes, The Conventions place certain obligations on signatory countries. When the UN classifies or re ... links http legislation.govt.nz act public 1975 0116 latest DLM436101.html Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 text of the Act http www.lawcom.govt.nz ProjectGeneral.aspx?ProjectID 143 Review of Misuse of Drugs ... more details
Refimprove date January 2009 Infobox UK Legislation short title Computer Misuse Act 1990 parliament United Kingdom Parliament long title An Act to make provision for securing computer material against unauthorised access or modification and for connected purposes. statute book chapter 1990 c. 18 introduced ... www.opsi.gov.uk acts acts1990 Ukpga 19900018 en 1 activeTextDocId 1353366 The Computer Misuse Act .... The Computer Misuse Act Based on the ELC s recommendations, a Private Member s Bill was introduced ... acts acts1990 UKpga 19900018 en 1.htm Computer Misuse Act 1990 , s1 s3 ref Hacking unauthorised ... of the Computer Misuse Act 1990 Amendment Bill which sought to amend the CMA to comply with the European ... 2006 contains amendments to the Computer Misuse Act 1990. Section 37 Making, supplying or obtaining articles for use in computer misuse offences inserts a new section 3A into the 1990 Act and has drawn ... to the Computer Misuse Act 1990 by Part 5 of the Police and Justice Act 2006 ref http www.legislation.gov.uk ... or obtaining articles for use in computer misuse offences ref http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga ... fraud References Stefan Fafinski, Computer Misuse Response, Regulation and the Law Cullomption, Willan 2009 Yaman Akdeniz, Section 3 of the Computer Misuse Act 1990 an Antidote for Computer Viruses ... of Christopher Pile aka the Black Baron in November 1995. Derek Wyatt, Computer Misuse Act amendment ... links UK SLD 1353366 the Computer Misuse Act 1990 OPSI http www.opsi.gov.uk acts acts1990 ukpga 19900018 en 1 the Computer Misuse Act 1990 http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga 2006 48 contents Text of the Police ... Misuse Act 1990 covered by the Open Rights Group http www.computerevidence.co.uk Cases CMA.htm A list of Computer Misuse Act cases compiled by Michael J L Turner http www.wikicrimeline.co.uk index.php?title Computer misuse act Computer Misuse Act 1990 , CrimeLine Wiki UKlegislation Category United ... security simple Computer Misuse Act ... more details
Infobox UK Legislation short title Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom ... history The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 ref cite web url http www.statutelaw.gov.uk legResults.aspx?LegType All Legislation&title The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971&searchEnacted 0&extentMatchOnly 0&confersPower ... & 39 Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 c.38 & 39 , the text of the act, OPSI website, accessed 27 January ... pollaw lawlibrary misuseofdrugsact1971.html title & 39 Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 original version & 39 ... drugs laws misuse of drugs act title & 39 Misuse of Drugs Act & 39 , Home Office representation ... for industrial purposes . The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001, ref cite web url http www.opsi.gov.uk si si2001 20013998.htm title & 39 The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 & 39 , OPSI website, accessed ... parts of the schedule by statutory instrument , provided a report of the Advisory Council on the Misuse ... Substances Act . Source Article Section 17 History The Drugs Prevention of Misuse Act 1964 controlled ... used . However section 8 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 ref cite web url http www.opsi.gov.uk RevisedStatutes Acts ukpga 1971 cukpga 19710038 en 1 pb4 l1g8 title Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 publisher Opsi.gov.uk date accessdate 2011 01 23 ref was amended by Regulation 13 of Misuse of Drugs Regulations ... and Police Act 2001. ref cite web url http opsi.gov.uk si si2001 20013998 title The Misuse of Drugs ... the harm of drugs of potential misuse , David Nutt, Leslie A. King, William Saulsbury, Colin Blakemore ... and tobacco from the Misuse of Drugs Act is, from a scientific perspective, arbitrary. ref name pmid17382831 ... 1 cite web url http www.statutelaw.gov.uk content.aspx?ActiveTextDocId 869446 title & 39 The Misuse ... from the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs ACMD . In 2009, it was returned to class B, ref name Canna 2 cite web url http www.statutelaw.gov.uk content.aspx?LegType All Legislation&title The Misuse ... title & 39 The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 Amendment Order 2008 No. 3130 & 39 , OPSI website, accessed ... more details
Infobox Legislation shorttitle Misuse of Drugs Act image imagesize imagelink imagealt caption Old Parliament House, Singapore Old Parliament House , photographed in January 2006 longtitle An Act for the control of dangerous or otherwise harmful drugs and substances and for purposes connected therewith. citation No. 5 of 1973 now Singapore Statute cap 185 ed 2008 enactedby Parliament of Singapore dateenacted 16 February 1973 dateassented 7 July 1973 datecommenced 7 July 1973 bill Misuse of Drugs Bill billcitation Bill No. 46 72 billdate 25 November 1972 introducedby Chua Sian Chin Ministry of Health Singapore Minister for Health and Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore Home Affairs 1streading 22 November 1972 2ndreading 16 February 1973 3rdreading 16 February 1973 committeereport amendments repeals related Dangerous Drugs Act 1951 Drugs Prevention of Misuse Act 1969 summary keywords The Misuse of Drugs Act is a national drug control law classifying substances into three categories, Classes A, B, and C. Section 44 provides that The Minister may, by an order published in the Gazette add, remove, or transfer drugs among the classes. The statute s penal provisions are draconian by most nations standards, providing for long terms of imprisonment , Caning in Singapore caning , and capital punishment . The law creates a presumption of trafficking for certain threshold amounts, e.g. 30 grams of cannabis . It also creates a presumption that a person possesses drugs if he possesses the keys to a premises containing the drugs, and that Any person found in or escaping from any place or premises which is proved or presumed to be used for the purpose of smoking or administering a controlled drug shall, until the contrary is proved, be presumed to have been smoking or administering a controlled ... passengers during flights to the country. Section 17 of the Misuse of Drugs Act lists the amount of controlled ... Misuse of Drugs Act Law of Singapore Drug control laws Category Drug control law Category Singaporean ... more details
NTP server misuse and abuse covers a number of practices which cause damage or degradation to a Network Time Protocol NTP server, ranging from flooding it with traffic effectively a DDoS attack or violating the server s access policy or the NTP http support.ntp.org Servers RulesOfEngagement rules of engagement . One incident was branded NTP vandalism in an open letter from Poul Henning Kamp to the router manufacturer D Link in 2006. This term has later been extended by others to retroactively include other incidents. There is, however, no evidence that any of these problems are deliberate vandalism. They are more usually caused by shortsighted or poorly chosen default configurations. Common NTP client problems The most troublesome problems have involved NTP server addresses hardcoded in the firmware of consumer networking devices. As major manufacturers produce hundreds of thousands of devices and since most customers never upgrade the firmware, any problems will persist for as long as the devices are in service. One particularly common software error is to generate query packets at short less than five second intervals until a response is received. When such an implementation finds itself behind a packet filter that refuses to pass the incoming response, this results in a never ending stream of requests to the NTP server. Such grossly over eager clients particularly those polling once per second commonly make up more than 50 of the traffic of public NTP servers, despite being a minuscule fraction of the total clients. While it is reasonable to send a few initial packets at short intervals, it is essential for the health of any connectionless network that unacknowledged packets be generated at exponentially decreasing rates. This applies to any connectionless protocol, and many ... of time server misuse resulted in problems for a web server at Trinity College, Dublin . The traffic ... means to counteract misuse of NTP servers. References Reflist External links http www.maths.tcd.ie ... more details
notability Organizations date October 2010 Straight Statistics is a United Kingdom based pressure group established by journalists and statisticians with the aim of detecting and exposing the distortion and misuse of statistical information, and identifying those responsible in order to restore public confidence in statistics . ref http www.straightstatistics.org about us ref Activities The organisation s main form of activism is to present articles on its website, showing statistics that have been twisted for poltiical, personal or business purposes and then demonstrating the truth of the matter. ref http www.newscientist.com article mg20527525.500 barefoot statistics data for the people.html ref References Reflist External links http www.straightstatistics.org Straight Statistics Website See also More or Less radio programme UK Statistics Authority Category Statistical organizations ... more details
StatsTopicTOC Statistics is a Mathematics mathematical science pertaining to the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data . It is applicable to a wide variety of List of academic disciplines academic discipline s, from the physical and social science s to the humanities it is also used and Misuse of statistics misused for making informed decisions in all areas of business and government . The following outline is provided as an overview and guide to the variety of topics included within the subject of statistics General statistics concepts col begin col 2 Describing data Descriptive statistics Average Mean Median Mode statistics Mode Statistical dispersion Measures of scale Variance Standard deviation Median absolute deviation Correlation Outlier Statistical graphics Histogram ... statistics sampling Stratified sampling Quota sampling Biased sample Spectrum bias Survivorship bias ... Multivariate analysis Principal component analysis PCA Factor analysis Cluster analysis Robust statistics col 2 Topics in statistical inference Statistical inference Mathematical statistics Likelihood ... statistics Nonparametric regression Kernel statistics Kernels Probability theory Probability ... statistics Markov chain Monte Carlo Filtering data Recursive Bayesian estimation Kalman filter ... Statistics History of statistics Founders of statistics Glossary of probability and statistics Notation in probability and statistics Outline of probability Outline of regression analysis Statistics lists main Lists of statistics topics List of academic statistical associations List of fields of application of statistics List of important publications in statistics List of scientific journals in statistics List of graphical methods List of statistical packages List of statisticians Statistics outline footer Category Outlines Statistics Category Statistics Category Mathematics related lists Statistics, Outline of Category Statistics related lists ... more details
In statistics , the term bias refers to several different concepts Selection bias , where individuals or groups are more likely to take part in a research project than others, resulting in biased sample s. This can also be termed Berksonian bias . ref Rothman, K.J. et al. 2008 Modern epidemiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins pp.134 137. ref Spectrum bias arises from evaluating diagnostic tests on biased patient samples, leading to an overestimate of the sensitivity and specificity of the test. The bias of an estimator is the difference between an estimator s expectation and the true value of the parameter being estimated. Omitted variable bias is the bias that appears in estimates of parameters in a regression analysis when the assumed specification is incorrect, in that it omits an independent variable that should be in the model. In statistical hypothesis testing , a test is said to be unbiased when the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis exceeds the significance level when the alternative is true and is less than or equal to the significance level when the null hypothesis is true. Systematic bias or systemic bias are external influences that may affect the accuracy of statistical measurements. Detection bias is where a phenomenon is more likely to be observed and or reported for a particular set of study subjects. For instance, the syndemic involving obesity and Diabetes mellitus diabetes may mean doctors are more likely to look for diabetes in obese patients than in less overweight patients, leading to an inflation in diabetes among obese patients because of skewed detection efforts. Funding bias may lead to selection of outcomes, test samples, or test procedures that favor a study s financial sponsor. Reporting bias involves a skew in the availability of data ... in research. Data snooping bias comes from the misuse of data mining techniques. Biases References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Bias Statistics Category Bias Category Statistical terminology Category Statistical ... more details
National Statistics may refer to the following agencies and government departments Office for National Statistics , the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority. National Bureau of Statistics of China Statistics Sweden National Statistics Office Philippines National Institute of Statistics Romania Vanuatu National Statistics Office Office of National Statistics Algeria National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina National Administrative Department of Statistics , Colombia. National Institute of Statistics and Census of Costa Rica National Institute of Statistics of Cambodia National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova See also FedStats The US gateway for national statistical information disambiguation ... more details
Ministry of Statistics may refer to Ministry of Statistics Pakistan , Pakistan Ministry of Statistics & Analysis Minstat , Republic of Belarus Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation India National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia disambig ... more details
Infobox Journal abbreviation Ann. Stat. discipline Statistics website http www.imstat.org aos link1 http projecteuclid.org aos link1 name Project Euclid publisher Institute of Mathematical Statistics country USA history 1973 present impact impact year ISSN 0090 5364 eISSN JSTOR 00905364 The Annals of Statistics is a peer reviewed statistics Academic journal journal published by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics . It was started in 1973 as a continuation in part of the Annals of Mathematical Statistics , which was split into the Annals of Statistics and the Annals of Probability . Articles older than 3 years are available on JSTOR , and all articles since 2004 are freely available on the arXiv . External links http www.imstat.org aos Annals of Statistics homepage http projecteuclid.org aos Annals of Statistics at Project Euclid Category Statistics journals de Annals of Statistics ... more details
Pharmaceutical Statistics is a peer review ed scientific journal that publishes papers related to pharmaceutical statistics . It is the official journal of Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry and is published by John Wiley & Sons . Abstracting and indexing Pharmaceutical Statistics is indexed in the following services Current Index to Statistics MEDLINE Science Citation Index Science Citation Index Expanded External links http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 93012805 home Pharmaceutical StatisticsStatistics journals Category Biostatistics journals ... more details
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