About the slave trade route the novel by Charles R. Johnson MiddlePassage novel the travelogue by V.S. Naipaul The MiddlePassage book Image Triangular trade.png thumb 250 px right Commercial goods from Europe were shipped to Africa for sale and trade for enslaved Africans. Africans were in turn brought to the regions depicted in blue, in what became known as the MiddlePassage . African slaves were thereafter traded for raw materials, which were returned to Europe to complete the Triangular Trade . The MiddlePassage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa ref McKissack, Patricia C. and McKissack, Frederick. The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay . 1995, page 109. ref were taken to the New World , as part of the Atlantic slave trade . Ships departed Europe for African markets with manufactured goods, which were traded for purchased or kidnapped Africans, who were transported across the Atlantic as slaves the slaves were then sold or traded for raw materials, ref name walker Walker, Theodore. Mothership Connections . 2004, page 10. ref which would be transported back to Europe to complete the voyage. A single voyage on the MiddlePassage was a large financial undertaking, and they were generally organized by companies or groups of investors rather than individuals. ref Thomas, Hugh. The Slave Trade the story of the Atlantic Slave Trade ... Resistance during the MiddlePassage, 1720 1842 . The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 83, No. 3 Summer ... World . 2005, page 30 1 ref The total number of African deaths directly attributable to the MiddlePassage voyage is estimated at up to two million a broader look at African deaths directly attributable ... due to the length of the passage were the main contributors to the death toll with amoebic dysentery ... on the passage was varied, slaves treatment was often horrific because the captured African men ... History of the Atlantic Ocean Category African American history fr Passage du milieu nl Middenpassage ... more details
unreferenced date October 2008 Image MiddlePassage.jpg thumb 1st edition cover Macmillan Publishers Macmillan The Middle Passage Impressions of Five Societies British, French and Dutch in the West Indies and South America is a 1962 book length essay Travel journal travelogue by V.S. Naipaul . It is his first book length work of non fiction. The book covers a year long trip through Trinidad , British Guiana , Suriname , Martinique , and Jamaica in 1961. As well as giving his own impressions, Naipaul refers to the work of earlier travellers such as Patrick Leigh Fermor who described a similar itinerary in The Traveller s Tree . Naipaul addresses a range of topics including the legacy of slavery and colonialism, race relations, the roles of South Asian immigrants in the various countries, and differences in language, culture, and economics. DEFAULTSORT Middle Passage Category 1961 books Category Travel books Category Books by V. S. Naipaul travel book stub Naipaul ... more details
Infobox Book name MiddlePassage title orig translator image Image MiddlePassageNovel.jpg 200px image caption 1st edition cover author Charles R. Johnson illustrator cover artist country USA language English language English series subject genre Historical novel publisher pub date 1990 english pub date media type pages isbn ISBN 0 684 85588 7 oclc preceded by Being and Race followed by Dreamer A Novel MiddlePassage is a 1990 historical novel by Charles R. Johnson about the final voyage of an illegal American slave ship . Set in 1830, it speaks of a freed slave named Rutherford Calhoun. The novel won the National Book Award in 1990. Plot summary The novel shows a personal and historical perspective on the illegal Slavery in the United States slave trade in the United States . The protagonist is Rutherford Calhoun, a freed slave, who flees from New Orleans on a ship called the Republic . Calhoun does so to escape being blackmailed into marriage by Isadora Bailey, a schoolteacher who convinces Calhoun s creditor, Papa, to demand Calhoun pays him all he owes if he will not consent to marry Isadora. After meeting the drunken cook of the Republic while drinking away his sorrows, Calhoun stows away aboard the ship and is found after they have already put to sea. The ship travels to Africa to illegally pick up people from the Allmuseri tribe to take back to America to sell as slaves. Rutherford is educated but arrogantly self absorbed and unable to grasp the difficulties of slaves. During the voyage, Rutherford becomes humbled, learning lessons that teach him to value and respect humanity which includes identification with his own country, America. The captain of the ship, a man .... Characters in MiddlePassage Captain Ebenezar Falcon Captain of the Republic , involved in illegal ... has come to care for. References Johnson, Charles R. MiddlePassage. New York, NY Scribner Paperback Fiction, 1998. DEFAULTSORT MiddlePassage Novel Category 1990 novels Category American novels ... more details
wiktionary Passage or The Passage may refer to Music Section music , a complete musical idea Specific musical works Passage The Carpenters album Passage The Carpenters album , an album by American brother sister duo The Carpenters Passage Samael album Passage Samael album , an album by Swiss band Samael Passage Bloodrock album Passage Bloodrock album , an album by the Texan hard rock band The Passage band , a punk rock band from the UK Passages , an album by Philip Glass The Passage , song by Bradley Joseph on the 1997 album Rapture Bradley Joseph album Rapture Passage , song by Vienna Teng on her 2004 album Warm Strangers The Passage album The Passage album , a 2004 album by steelpan player Andy Narell Fiction Passage novel Passage , a science fiction novel by Connie Willis Passage 2007 novel Passage , a novel by John David Morley The Passage 2010 novel The Passage , a novel by Justin Cronin Film The Passage film The Passage film , a 1979 film starring James Mason and Malcolm McDowell The Passage 2007 film The Passage 2007 film , a film by Mark Heller Passage 2008 film Passage 2008 film , a documentary about Arctic explorers Passage 2009 film , a short movie about three sisters The Passage Battlestar Galactica The Passage Battlestar Galactica , an episode of the science fiction television series Other meanings A trip or route, as in a transit passage or a secret passagePassage of scripture see Pericope , a selection of verses from a book of the Bible Passage architecture , a long room or hall leading to other rooms Passage dressage pronounced to rhyme with massage , a form ... of water The Passage , an upscale department store in Saint Petersburg, Russia In parliamentary procedure legislative procedure , an official agreement of a bill or act by a parliament Passage game Passage game , a computer game See also Corridor disambiguation Le Passage disambiguation Passaging , in cell culture Passage Island disambiguation Passage West , a town in County Cork, Ireland Passage ... more details
For the novel by Justin Cronin see The Passage 2010 novel Other uses Passage disambiguation File Semechkin.jpg thumb 200px The interior of the old Passage in the 1850s. The Passage lang ru , Passazh , from the French word Passage ref The first one was built in Paris in 1798 Passage du Caire . ref ... its 150th anniversary in 1998. Parenthetically, the Passage premises have long been associated with the entertainment ... where the Passage sprawls had been devoted to trade since the city s foundation in the early 18th ... a vast gallery between Nevsky Avenue and Italianskaya Street which provided the main passage through ... to being one of the world s first shopping malls, along with Passage du Caire in Paris 1798 Burlington ... storey building of the Passage opened its doors to consumers on May 9, 1848. It was one of the first ... to limit admissions. Stenbock Fermor conceived of the Passage as more than a mere shopping mall, but also ... zoo , described by Dostoyevsky in his extravaganza Crocodile, or Passage through the Passage . The concert ..., Turgenev , and Taras Shevchenko . File Passazh.jpg thumb 225px Within the renovated Passage, 1902. 20th century In 1897 the ownership of the Passage passed from Stenbock Fermor s heirs to Princess ... and the following several years of disorder, the store was reopened as the Passage Supermarket in 1922. It continued in this capacity until 1933, when the municipal authorities declared the Passage ... s World section became especially popular with the inhabitants of Leningrad. The Passage .... The Passage was restored and reopened for business in 1947. Since 1961, this historic department store has been specializing in goods for women. 21st century The Passage is now privately owned by employees ... modern international standards. Expanded showrooms welcomed more customers. Passage established relations ... Prospect. See also State Universal Store Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II Petrovsky Passage Arcade architecture ..., 1998. External links http www.passage.spb.ru history.htm History of the Passage official website ... more details
Le Passage may refer to Le Passage, Is re , a commune in France Le Passage, Lot et Garonne , a commune in France Le Passage album Le Passage album , a 2004 album by Jenifer Bartoli Le Passage film , a 1986 French film starring Alain Delon Le Passage novel , a 1954 French novel by Jean Reverzy disambig ceb Le Passage es Le Passage fr Le Passage it Le Passage nl Le Passage pl Le Passage ... more details
Passage GAA may refer to Passage GAA Waterford , a GAA club based in the town of Passage East, County Waterford Passage West GAA , a GAA club based in the town of Passage West , County Cork disambig ... more details
Passage Island may refer to Passage Island British Columbia Passage Island Tasmania Falkland Islands Passage Islands Passage Island, Falkland Islands , Byron Sound Passage Islands, alternate name for the Spanish Virgin Islands Passage Island Michigan geodis Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
refer Night Passage film , a 1957 western film starring James Stewart and Audie Murphy Night Passage album Night Passage album , Weather Report s tenth album, released in 1980 Night Passage opera Night Passage opera , a 1994 work by Robert Moran Night Passage Parker novel Night Passage Parker novel , one of the Jesse Stone novels written by Robert B. Parker Night Passage , a short story by Fritz Leiber disambig it Night Passage ... more details
South Passage may refer to South Passage New South Wales , a stream South Passage Queensland , a channel South Passage Tasmania , a channel South Passage Cervantes , Western Australia, a channel South Passage Houtman Abrolhos , Western Australia, a channel South Passage Lancelin , Western Australia, a channel South Passage North West Cape , Western Australia, a channel South Passage Rottnest Island , Western Australia, a channel South Passage Shark Bay , Western Australia, a channel South Entrance , New South Wales, a channel, also known as South Passage and Man Of War geodis ... more details
Coord 18 30 N 68 0 W display title File Mona passage.jpg thumb 350px Location of the Mona Passage The Mona Passage is a strait that separates the islands of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico . The Mona Passage connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Caribbean Sea , and is an important shipping route between the Atlantic and the Panama Canal . The convert 80 mi abbr on stretch of sea between the two islands is one of the most difficult passages in the Caribbean. It is fraught with variable tidal currents created by the large islands on either side of it, and by sand banks that extend out for many miles from both coasts. Islands There are three islands in the Mona Passage Mona, Puerto Rico Mona Island lies close to the middle of the Mona Passage. Five kilometers northwest of Mona Island is much smaller Monito Island . Fifty kilometers northeast of Mona Island and much closer 21 km to the Puerto Rican mainland is Desecheo Island . Structure and seismicity The Passage was also the site of a devastating earthquake and resulting tsunami that hit western Puerto Rico in 1918. ref name USGS http soundwaves.usgs.gov 2007 05 Uri ten Brink, New Bathymetric Map of Mona Passage, Northeastern Caribbean, Aids in Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard Mitigation, USGS Sound Waves Newsletter, May 2007 ref It is the site of frequent small earthquakes. The passage is underlain by a seismically active rift zone that overprints an older partly eroded Block fault tilted block structure. ref name USGS Desecheo Island sits on the Desecheo ridge, a narrow east west ridge that extends west from the northwest corner of Puerto Rico. The ridge forms the southern boundary of the 4000 m deep Mona rift which extends toward the north to the strike slip fault zones which bound Puerto Rico and Hispanola. The east face of the rift ... , then continuing across the Mona Passage to Puerto Rico without stopping. Under sail it means an even ... Republic Puerto Rico border Category International straits ocean stub de Mona Passage es Canal de la ... more details
Safe Passage could refer to several topics Safe Passage Maine a non profit organization based in Yarmouth, Maine supporting families in Guatemala City Safe Passage film a 1994 film starring Susan Sarandon Disambig ... more details
A Passage in Time refers to one or more of the following A Passage in Time album A Passage in Time album , a 1991 United States only compilation album by Australian group Dead Can Dance. A Passage in Time Authority Zero album A Passage in Time Authority Zero album , the 2002 debut album from punk ska band Authority Zero. disambig fr A Passage in Time ... more details
Mudge Passage coor dm 66 2 S 65 50 W is a marine passage running east west from the vicinity of Prospect Point , Graham Coast , between Beer Island and Dodman Island to the north and Saffery Islands and Trump Islands to the south, to the vicinity of Extension Reef . The passage was navigated and charted by Captain C.R. Elliott in RRS John Biscoe in January 1979. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place Names Committee UK APC in association with Harrison Passage and Maskelyne Passage to the northeast, after Thomas Mudge horologist Thomas Mudge 1715 94 , English horologist who made substantial improvements to marine chronometers. usgs gazetteer antarctica geo stub Category Geography of Antarctica ... more details
Image Pommeraye4.JPG thumb 300px right Passage Pommeraye, Nantes The Passage Pommeraye is a small shopping mall in central Nantes , France , named after its property developer , Louis Pommeraye. Construction started at the end of 1840 and was completed on 4 July 1843. The Passage Pommeraye is a passage between two streets, the rue Santeuil and rue de la Fosse, with one 9.40 m higher than the other. Midway, there is a flight of steps and the mall then continues on another floor. Two architect s, Jean Baptiste Buron and Hippolyte Durand Gasselin, contributed to its design, which is very elaborate and includes renaissance style sculptures. The Passage Pommeraye has been classified as a historic monument since 1976 . Movies The Passage Pommeraye can be seen in several movies Lola 1961 film Lola by director Jacques Demy . Une chambre en ville by director Jacques Demy . Les Parapluies de Cherbourg by director Jacques Demy . La reine blanche film La reine blanche by director Jean Loup Huber . Source http www.nantes44.com pommeray.htm in French , accessed on 10 November 2005 Photos center gallery Image Passage pommeraye 2.jpg Passage Pommeraye, Nantes Image Passage pommeraye.jpg Passage Pommeraye, Nantes File Passage Pommeraye 1.jpg File Passage Pommeraye 2.jpg File PassagePommeraye200911.jpeg Passage Pommeraye, Nantes gallery center coord 47 12 48 N 1 33 35 W type landmark source kolossus frwiki display title Category Nantes fr Passage Pommeraye ... more details
image Thap passage tomb.JPG thumb 250px right A simple passage tomb in Carrowmore near Sligo in Ireland A passage grave sometimes hyphenated or passage tomb consists of a narrow passage made of large stones and one or multiple burial chambers covered in earth or stone. Megalith s are usually used in the construction of passage tombs, which usually date to the Neolithic . Those with more than one chamber may have multiple sub chambers leading off from the main burial chamber. One common layout, the cruciform passage grave , is cross shaped. Sometimes passage tombs are covered with a cairn , especially those dating to later times. Not all passage graves have had record of bodies being contained in them. One such example is Maeshowe . Passage tombs of the cairn type often have elaborate corbel led roofs rather than simple slabs. Prehistoric art Megalithic art has been identified carved into the stones at some sites. The passage itself, in a number of notable instances, is aligned in such a way that the sun shines into the passage at a significant point in the year, for example at sunrise ... left Tustrup dysserne, the largest passage grave in Eastern Jutland , is an example of Funnelbeaker ... dolmen s, wedge shaped gallery grave s, and passage tombs . ref cite book last Valera and Nuall in ... Dublin ref This appears to be one of the first uses of the term passage tomb . It is likely that the writers ... passage tombs appear to have widespread distribution throughout Europe. Passage graves are distributed ... coast of Africa . The earliest passage tombs seem to take the form of small dolmen s. In Ireland and Britain, passage tombs are often found in large clusters, giving rise to the term passage tomb cemeteries. Many later passage tombs were constructed at the tops of hills or mountains, indicating ... Structures http www.newgrange.com Newgrange Passage Grave Bremore Passage Tomb cemetery, Co. Dublin ... ru simple Passage tomb fi K yt v hauta sv G nggrift ... more details
for the Passage Islands near Puerto Rico Spanish Virgin Islands distinguish Passage Island, Falkland Islands Infobox Falkland island Image Map Falkland Islands Passage Islands.PNG MapCaption Location of the Passage Islands within the Falkland Islands latitude longitude coordinates coord 51.592 60.724 dim 20000 region FK display inline,title island group english name Passage Islands spanish name Islas del Pasaje meaning of name area area rank highest elevation Population population rank main settlement references The Passage Islands lang es Islas del Pasaje are a group of four islands off Dunnose Head , West Falkland , at the mouth of King George Bay . References references Falkland Islands topics Category Islands of the Falkland Islands Falklands geo stub es Islas del Pasaje Malvinas ... more details
Image Passage animated.gif thumb The passage in motion does not always show up, but is commons File Passage animated.gif available a commons This image is available at commons, not sure why it is not visible The passage is a movement seen in upper level dressage , in which the horse performs a highly elevated and extremely powerful Trot horse gait trot . The horse is very collection horse collected and moves with great impulsion . Image Trot animated.gif left thumb Working trot The passage differs from the working, medium, collected, and extended trot horse gait trot in that the horse raises a diagonal pair high off the ground and suspends the leg for a longer period than seen in the other trot types. The hindquarters are very engaged, and the knees and hocks are flexed more than the other trot types. The horse appears to trot in slow motion, making it look as if it is dancing. The passage is first introduced in the dressage intermediaire test II. A horse must be well confirmed in its training to perform the passage, and must be proficient in collecting while remaining energetic, calm, and supple. The horse must also have built up the correct muscles to do the strenuous movement. External links Image Trakhener Dressur Zweites 2.jpg thumb 320px right The passage. http www.dressage.to video pages olympicferro3 html Olympic Ferro performing the passage Category Dressage Category Riding techniques and movements da Passage de Passagieren Reitkunst pl Pasa muzyka pt Passage equita o ro Pasaj dresaj ru fi Passage sv Passage ridsport ... more details
Graham Passage coor dm 64 24 S 61 31 W is a passage separating Murray Island from the west coast of Graham Land . Named by Captain Skidsmo after his whale catcher 20, 1922. usgs gazetteer Category Geography of Antarctica WAntarctica geo stub ... more details
Faure Passage coor dm 68 14 S 68 33 W is a marine channel or passage between the Faure Islands and Kirkwood Islands in Marguerite Bay . The name Pasaje Faure was applied by Argentine workers in the area in association with the Faure Islands. usgs gazetteer Category Geography of Antarctica WAntarctica geo stub ... more details
Southwind Passage coor dm 65 18 S 65 20 W is a navigable passage between Betheder Islands and Dickens Rocks , located at the north extremity of the Biscoe Islands . Named by Captain Sumner R. Dolber , USCG, commander of the USCGC 1967 68 season. usgs gazetteer Category Geography of Antarctica subantarctic geo stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image BritishVirginIsland map.png thumb right Map of the British Virgin Islands, with the Anegada Passage labeled at right Anegada Passage is a strait in the Caribbean , at Coord 18.5 N 63.6666667 W . It separates the British Virgin Islands and Sombrero, Anguilla Sombrero Island of Anguilla . Category Straits of the Caribbean Category Landforms of Anguilla Category Landforms of the British Virgin Islands BVI geo stub Anguilla geo stub de Anegada Passage fr Fosse d Anegada it Anegada Passage vi Eo bi n Anegada tr Anegada Bo az ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 Orphan date February 2009 Strait passage is a concept in Admiralty law which allows for a vessel to pass through a strait . Given the United Nations extension of territorial waters to a maximum width of 12 mile s, straits with width of less than 24 miles are entirely composed of territorial waters. Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea however, innocent passage rules do not apply and ships both commercial and military are allowed passage as if they were traversing the high seas . DEFAULTSORT Strait Passage Category Law of the sea International law stub ... more details
File Passage Brady.jpg frameless right Passage Brady is one of two covered arcades located in the Xe arrondissement 10th arrondisement of Paris , constructed in 1828 . It lies between rue du Faubourg Saint Denis and rue du Faubourg Saint Martin . It is famous for the several Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi restaurants located in the arcade. commonscat coord 48 52 16.05 N 02 21 19 E type landmark scale 5000 source frwiki display title Category 10th arrondissement of Paris Paris geo stub de Passage Brady fr Passage Brady zh ... more details
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