, and a transaction log. See also Event Viewer data logger Category Computer errors Data logging ...Unreferenced date May 2007 Computerized data logging is the process of recording events, with an automated computer program, in a certain scope in order to provide an audit trail that can be used to understand the activity of the system and to diagnose problems. Logs are essential to understanding the activities of complex systems particularly in the case of applications with little user interaction such as Server computing server applications . It can also be useful to combine log file entries from multiple sources. This approach, in combination with statistical analysis, may yield correlations between seemingly unrelated events on different servers. Other solutions employ network wide querying and reporting. Examples Examples of physical systems which have logging subsystems include process control systems, and flight data recorder black box recorder s installed in aircraft. Many operating systems and multitudinous computer programs include some form of logging subsystem. In the simplest case, log messages are written to a log file. Most operating systems and software framework s also provide more sophisticated services for logging. One example is the syslog service described in RFC 3164 , which allows the filtering and recording of log messages to be performed by a separate dedicated subsystem, rather than placing the onus on each application to provide its own ad hoc logging system. Interpreting In many cases, logs are esoteric or too verbose and therefore hard to understand they need to be subjected to log analysis in order to make sense of them. This is often done using special log analysis software. Transaction log Main Transaction log Most Database s maintain some kind of transaction log . Unlike the logs described above, these logs are not mainly intended as an audit trail for later analysis, and are not easily human readable . Instead, they record changes to the stored ... more details
ash Eucalyptus regnans being felled. Dated to c. 1884 1917, Australia. Logging is the felling, skidding ... Society of American Foresters, 1998. Dictionary of Forestry. ref In forestry , the term logging ... of valuable trees from the forest has been called Selection cutting High Grading selective logging ... 04fall stewardship.pdf Forest Matters Just Say No to High Grading ref Illegal logging refers to what ... usage what is sometimes called clearcut logging is not is necessarily considered a type of logging ... products industry logging companies may be referred to as logging contractors. Logging usually refers to above ground forestry logging. Submerged forests exist on land that has been flooded by damming to create reservoir s. Such trees are logged using underwater logging or by the lowering of the reservoirs ... of new trees on the site and a focus on forestry distinguish it from deforestation . Logging ... industrial methods Tree length logging Trees are felled and then Delimbing delimbed and topped ... on a truck. This leaves the Slash logging slash and the nutrients it contains in the cut area where it must be further treated if wildland fires are of concern. Full tree logging Image Zrywka drewna w Masywie nie nika PL.jpg thumb Horse logging in Poland Trees and plants are felled and transported ... may not be as different from tree length logging as it might seem. Cut to length logging Image 290X2Forestry.JPG thumb Modern excavator fit up with forestry attachment Cut to length logging is the process ... is narrower. Transporting logs File Logging in Buffalo City, North Carolina.jpg thumb Logging operations ... exist to transport felled logs lying away from roads. Cable logging involves a yarder which pulls ... uneven to pull logs on the ground, a skyline logging skyline can lift logs off the ground vertically, similar to a ski lift . Heavy lift helicopters may be used when cable logging is not allowed due ..., or balloon logging. Safety considerations Image Log cutter02.jpg thumb Computerized log cutting with heavy ... more details
About computersecurity through design and engineering computersecurity exploits and defenses computer insecurity Computersecurity Refimprove date September 2010 Computersecurity is a branch of computer technology known as information security as applied to computer s and networks. The objective of computer ... intended users. The term computer system security means the collective processes and mechanisms by which ... and methodologies of computersecurity often differ from most other computer technologies ... wanted computer behavior. Security by design Main Security by design The technologies of computersecurity are based on logic . As security is not necessarily the primary goal of most computer applications ... Trust all the software to abide by a security policy but the software is not trustworthy this is computer ... a security policy with protection mechanism mechanisms that are not trustworthy again this is computer ... based or assisted computersecurity offers an alternative to software only computersecurity. Devices ... of the term computersecurity refers to technology to implement a secure operating system . Much of this technology .... An example of such a Computersecurity policy is the Bell LaPadula model . The strategy is based ... February 2009 WHAT ART? of computersecurity although products using such security are not widely ... list Capability computers Within computer systems, two security models capable of enforcing privilege ... Computersecurity is critical in almost any technology driven industry which operates on computer systems. Computersecurity can also be referred to as computer safety. The issues of computer ... an operational industry. ref name FAA ComputerSecurity J. C. Willemssen, FAA ComputerSecurity ... when analyzing computersecurity because the involved risks include human life, expensive equipment ..., and human error. ref name ComputerSecurity in Aviation P. G. Neumann, ComputerSecurity in Aviation ... . United States Department of Defense, 1986 ref Computersecurity policy globalize section date December ... more details
Infobox lake lake name Logging Lake image lake Logging Lake.jpg caption lake Logging Lake image bathymetry caption bathymetry location Glacier National Park U.S. , Flathead County, Montana , United States USA coords coord 48 45 11 N 114 05 19 W type waterbody region US display inline,title ref name gnis cite gnis id 786461 name Logging Lake accessdate 2011 02 27 ref type Natural inflow Logging Creek outflow Logging Creek catchment basin countries United States length convert 6 mi abbr on width convert .40 mi abbr on area depth max depth volume residence time shore elevation convert 3810 ft abbr on islands cities Logging Lake is located in Glacier National Park U.S. Glacier National Park , in the U. S. state of Montana . Logging Lake is one of the longest lakes in Glacier National Park at convert 6 mi in length. ref name topoquest cite web title Vulture Peak, MT publisher TopoQuest url http www.topoquest.com map.php?lat 48.75758&lon 114.07482&datum nad83&zoom 16&map auto&coord d&mode pan&size m format Map USGS Quad accessdate 2011 02 27 ref The Lower Logging Lake Snowshoe Cabin and Boathouse are two structures located near the southwestern end of Logging Lake, and are on the National Register of Historic Places . Logging Lake is a convert 4.5 mi hike from the Logging Lake Ranger Station. ref name nps Cite web title Day Hikes in Glacier work Plan Your Visit publisher National Park Service url http www.nps.gov glac planyourvisit loader.cfm?csModule security getfile&PageID 423209 format pdf accessdate 2011 02 27 ref File Lower Logging Lake Boathouse.jpg thumb left 200px Lower Logging Lake Boathouse br clear all See also List of lakes in Flathead County, Montana A L References reflist montana geo stub Category Lakes of Glacier National Park U.S. Category Flathead County, Montana ... more details
Cleanup date October 2009 Video logging is a process in which video footage is watched and labeled according to its content. Logging in post production If a video has a high shooting ratio , it can be impractical to remember exactly where each shot is on each source tape or source file. Finding a particular source shot by searching through hours of video during editing can be time consuming, as well as tie up expensive editing equipment and editors time. A solution widely employed in the professional industry is to log the content prior to editing. Loggers go through the source video material, labeling it according to its contents with metadata . This data is then available during editing, making the editing more efficient. ref http www.bbctraining.com onlineCourse.asp?tID 2145&cat 0 BBC Post Production training course ref Software based logging systems allow clip lists to be imported directly into computer based editing systems. Broadcast & compliance logging Free to Air and Subscription broadcasters often have a statutory requirement to keep a record of all programs that are emitted. This may be for legal or other compliance purposes or simply good commercial sense to have proof of events in event of a contrary claim. Traditionally compliance recordings were made to long play video cassette decks, using three 8 hour tapes per day per channel, however the unreliability of moving tapes & heads, along with the move to centralcasting and distributed playback requirements has made this strategy virtually impossible to maintain in the current operational climate. Larger multi channel ... since the early 2000s have shifted to multi channel server based rich media logging, with a few ... status, and event logging for review of non program related events which may have been visible on air. In addition to logging to disk, some packages also provide live streaming for internal use, or to be repurposed to external web news sites. A variety of disk based compliance logging packages suitable ... more details
unreferenced date October 2008 Exploration logging is a term used to describe the process of geophysical logging wireline logging , geophysical logging , geotechnical logging or geological logging of a drill hole, its core, or its rock cuttings for petrophysics or petrology . The term is usually used in the mining , mineral exploration or Petroleum oil and natural gas sectors. See also Exploration Logging Company Mineral exploration Drilling rig Mining mining stub Category Economic geology Category Mineral exploration ... more details
Environmental law Illegal logging is the harvest, transportation, purchase or sale of timber in violation ... left font size 95 style font size larger Box 1. Logging in national parks the case of Korindo Indonesia ... . ref Environmental Investigation Agency 2000 Illegal Logging in Tanjung Puting National Park See ... forest in South East Asia. colspan 2 style font size smaller footnotes Illegal logging is a pervasive ... that illegal logging in public lands alone causes losses in assets and revenue in excess of 10 billion USD annually. ref cite web url http www.havocscope.com illegal logging market value title Havocscope Illegal Logging Market Value accessdate April 14, 2010 ref Although exact figures ... than a considerable share, in some cases more than the half of all logging activities in particularly ... and some of the Baltic states is illegal. ref For further details on illegal logging, see Duncan Brack and Gavin Hayman 2001 Intergovernmental Actions on Illegal Logging. Royal Institute of International ... the situation. High estimates of illegal logging may constitute an embarrassment as these hint at ineffective ... law, and most of Estonian illegal logging comes from rules that are not known in other countries. In Latvia ... of illegal logging and related trade in Baltic Sea region WWF International 2002 The Timber Footprint of the G8 and China ref of logging being illegal. Consequences File Illegallogginginchiangmai.jpg thumb Illegal logging continues in Thailand. This photograph was taken from the roadside in Mae Wang District, Chiang Mai Province, in March 2011 Illegal logging contributes to deforestation ... invest in sustainable development. Illegal logging has serious economic and social implications for the poor ... security, and is frequently associated with corruption, money laundering, organized crime, human ... and ready to play by fair rules. Statistics on illegal logging class infobox bordered style ... of producer countries The scale of illegal logging represents a major loss of revenue to many countries ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Voice logging or telephone recording, is the practice of regularly recording audio, usually in a business situation. Most commonly telephone lines or business radio channels are recorded. This allows businesses to keep records, improve customer service , increase security, and decrease errors. Although Voice logging is synonymous with telephone recording, or phone recording, it includes also recording the radio and VoIP conversations. In a call center environment it is often called agent monitoring or call logging The word logging comes from the log of calls or audio files that is generated as each recording is made. History The original voice logging system was a large analog tape recorder , developed by Magnasync in 1950. In 1953 Magnasync Corporation sold 300 voice loggers to the U.S. Air Force. In the 1980s the first digital voice logging systems were developed and shrank to the size of a large PC. The original computerized systems were designed and manufactured by Eventide, Eyretel and Dictaphone . In 1996 Mercom Systems, which was purchased by Verint in July 2006, introduced Audiolog the first Microsoft Windows Windows based voice logging system. Types of Voice Loggers Today there are three types of business phone recorders in use The analog tape system Some businesses still use older model reel to reel tape to record multiple phone lines, or hook up individual cassette or micro cassette tape recorders up to each individual phone. Analog tape is usually more expensive to maintain and much less convenient to search than digital systems. Digital systems These are the most commonly used today. Either they consist of A proprietary box of hardware that hooks into the phone system or specialized hardware that plugs into a PC in a PCI slot or by a USB cable. Some systems allow users to remotely review telephone recordings ... also Telephone tapping DEFAULTSORT Voice Logging Category Recorders ... more details
keylogger above was logging. These are software programs designed to work on the target computer s operating .... Such keyloggers reside at the Ring computersecurity kernel level and are thus difficult to detect ... software keyloggers. As a general rule, anti spyware applications with Ring computersecurity higher ...Cleanup date March 2008 Condense date August 2009 Keystroke logging often called keylogging is the action of tracking or logging the keys struck on a keyboard computing keyboard , typically in a covert ... computer science operating system kernel and gain unauthorized access to the hardware, making ... input. Some of these features include Clipboard logging. Anything that has been copied to the clipboard software clipboard can be captured by the program. Screen logging. Screenshots are taken in order to capture graphics based information. Applications with screen logging abilities may take ... clicked the mouse . A practical application used by some keyloggers with this screen logging ability ... any software being installed as they exist at a hardware level in a computer system. Firmware based ... hardware Hardware keyloggers are used for keystroke logging by means of a hardware circuit that is attached somewhere in between the computer keyboard and the computer, typically inline with the keyboard ... solution it is not dependent on being installed on the target computer s operating system and therefore ..., it is installed outside the case as an inline device between the computer and the keyboard. Some of these implementations ... by someone typing on a computer. Each character on the keyboard makes a subtly different acoustic ..., without being physically wired to it. ref cite news url http news.zdnet.co.uk security 0,1000000189,2082190,00.htm ... Security and Cryptography Laboratory LASEC location Lausanne ref The researchers used a wide band Receiver ... 11 22 title The Security Digest Archives ref The posting seems to be a motivating factor in restricting ... for keylogging can be trivial, and like any nefarious computer program, can be distributed ... more details
unreferenced date March 2011 A logging railroad describes Rail transport railroads , pole road s, tram road s, or similar infrastructure used to transport harvested timber from a logging site to a sawmill . Logging railroads vary in Track gauge gauge and length, with most forest ed regions of the world supporting a railroad of this type at some point. While most railroads of this variety were temporary, it was not uncommon for permanent railroads to take their place as a compliment to logging operations or as an independent operation once logging ended. See also Commonscat Logging railways Forest railway Forest railway Other railways for the transport of goods Other railways for the transport of goods rail stub Category Timber industry Category Log transport ... more details
Image Linkbelt4300.jpg thumb left Log Loader Shovel logging , sometimes called Hoe Chucking , uses a log loader to swing logging logs to the forest road. Shovel logging is one of a number of Outline of forestry Harvesting methods that may be used to move logs from forest to road. Rather than driving out to the log and skidder dragging it back to the landing, the loader moves slowly across the harvest area, grabbing logs trees within reach, and swinging them around to drop them closer to the road. Logs further from the road can be shoveled to the landing in a few passes back and forth. Skidding and cable logging can be more cost efficient for logs further from the road. Shovel logging can make use of the loader between log truck arrivals. It can also reduce soil disturbance, since it requires only a single pass to move all the logs in reach. The machine shown here is typical of the shovels used for shovel logging. It is a modified excavator or shovel . The name dates back to a previous generation of equipment when loggers uses power shovel s often with a different boom to load logs. External links http www.vannattabros.com drott.html Various Log loaders http web.cocc.edu logging szlinks shovellog.htm Shovel Logging Category Log transport forestry stub ... more details
Infobox Television episode Title Over Logging Series South Park Image Image California packing.jpg 250px Caption Stan Marsh Stan s family packing the car to go to California Season 12 Episode 6 Airdate April 16, 2008 Production 1206 Writer Trey Parker Director Trey Parker Episode list South Park season 12 List of season 12 episodes br List of South Park episodes Prev Eek, A Penis Next Super Fun Time Over Logging is the sixth episode of the South Park season 12 twelfth season of the animated series South Park , ref name South Park Studios cite web title Episode 1206 Announcement publisher South Park Studios year 2008 url http www.southparkstudios.com news 3431 accessdate 2008 04 13 archiveurl ... computer in which an unseen man displays crudely drawn pictures. Randy leaves disappointed ... Well at least that part s like the internet. Afterwards, the camp s computer is locked inside ... watching pornography, his loud moans attract attention and he is discovered in front of the computer ... Login over logging on , because they may be unprepared as a result if the Internet is lost permanently ... of IGN said that Ultimately Over Logging attempts to be a satire on our over reliance on and addiction ... of 10. ref name IGN Cite news last Fickett first Travis title South Park Over Logging Review publisher ... Park Over Logging publisher The A.V. Club date April 16 2008 url http www.avclub.com articles over ... first Brad title South Park Over Logging publisher Weblogs, Inc. TV Squad TV Squad date April 17 2008 url http www.tvsquad.com 2008 04 17 south park over logging accessdate April 18 2009 ref References Reflist External links http www.southparkstudios.com full episodes s12e06 over logging Over Logging Full episode at South Park Studios http www.southparkstudios.com guide episodes s12e06 over logging Over Logging Episode guide at South Park Studios imdb episode 1218415 tv.com episode 1193242 SouthParkEpisodes ... Internet es Sobre Cargado fr Y a plus Internet hu Netmentesen nl Over Logging ru ... more details
File Heli Logging.jpg frame right Tandem rotor helicopter lifting logs Heli Logging , or Helicopter Logging, is a method of logging that uses helicopter s to remove cut tree s from forest s by lifting them on cables attached to a helicopter. ref http forestry.com blog helicopter logging heli Logging Heli Logging at Forestry.com ref Helicopter logging is often used in inaccessible areas of forests. Because ..., the method also helps to reduce the environmental impact of logging. It also can increase the productivity ... of Utilizing Helicopter Logging in Turkish Forestry ref History Standing Stem Harvesting, a selective harvesting method within Heli Logging, was invented by Philip Jarman of Port Alberni, British Columbia ... Island. Press releases and logging industry recognition followed. Patent applications in the United States and Canada were submitted and granted in 2001 and 2002 respectively. Process Heli Logging ... Stem Harvesting . The International Mountain Logging and 11th Pacific Northwest Skyline Symposium ... Conventional logging allows the stems to fall. On rocky terrains this often results in damage to the stems ... irretrievable. Heli logging allows logging to take place in more remote places. It also allows certain .... These issues make conventional logging less efficient than heli logging. Logging using helicopters is safer than conventional logging. Falling trees are dangerous for the loggers as well as for surrounding structures or utilities . Heli logging also extends the logging season. This is due to the lack .... Because of this roads do not need to be built to the site were the logging is taking place. Fewer ..., Ward and Rollerson done in 2004 shows that post logging landslides are more common after conventional cable based logging than heli logging. Landslide rates following conventional logging are one and a half times more common than landslide rates following heli logging. ref Roberts, B., Ward ... based clear cut logging operations in the Southwest Coast Mountains of British Columbia. Geomorphology ... more details
image Wiwtl6.jpg thumb right 300px High Lead logging in Western Oregon Cable logging is a logging method primarily used on the West Coast of North America with yarder , Loader equipment loaders and grapple yarders . The cables can be rigged in several configurations. There are two classes. High lead logging , in which a simple loop of cable runs from the yarder out through pulley blocks anchored to stumps at the far end of the cut. Skyline logging Skyline , in which a carriage, pulled by hauling cables, runs along a skyline cable, providing vertical lift to the logs. Into this there are varieties of loading systems. While skyline logging requires additional setup time, the vertical lift of the skyline allows faster yarding, which can outweigh the additional labor costs, especially on larger harvest units. Since the 1980 s Grapple Yarders have become popular. Skyline and grapple yarding, however, require more complex and expensive equipment. A traditional highlead or gravity system will function with just two cables, a skidding line and a haulback line. As the names imply the skidding line is used to drag the logs in, and the haulback line is used to drag the skidding line back out for the next turn or group of logs . A skyline system will add a third line the skyline whose function is to hold the skidding line and the haulback line off the ground or in the sky . The yarder itself is located on a landing, a flat area on top of the ridge that is being logged. After the trees are retrieved by the yarder, the limbs are bucked removed and the logs are then placed in piles awaiting transport. Manufacurers Valentini, Italy Greiferberg, Italy http www.larix.fr Cable grue Larix , Czech Republic http www.mm forsttechnik.at Mayr Melnhof ForestTechnik , Austria Videos http www.youtube.com ... Iron Works Skidder Swing yarder Ax Men External links http www.cnr.vt.edu visser cable logging index.htm Cable Logging Category Log transport Category Logging Industry stub Forestry stub Fr D bardage ... more details
Infobox mountain name Logging Mountain photo photo caption elevation ft 8566 elevation ref ref name Peakbagger cite peakbagger pid 4740 title Logging Mountain, Montana accessdate 2010 08 08 ref prominence ft 926 prominence ref ref name Peakbagger location Flathead County, Montana , United States USA range Livingston Range coordinates coord 48 48 21 N 114 02 49 W type mountain region US display inline,title ref name gnis cite gnis id 773557 name Logging Mountain accessdate 2010 08 08 ref topo United States Geological Survey USGS Vulture Peak, MT first ascent easiest route Logging Mountain convert 8566 ft m 0 is located in the Livingston Range , Glacier National Park US Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana . Logging Mountain rises more than convert 4700 ft m above Logging Lake . ref name TopoQuest cite web url http www.topoquest.com place detail.php?id 773557 title Logging Mountain, Montana publisher TopoQuest USGS Quad format Map accessdate 2010 08 08 ref See also Mountains and mountain ranges of Glacier National Park U.S. Cited references reflist Category Mountains of Montana Logging Category Flathead County, Montana Category Mountains of Glacier National Park U.S. Logging Montana geo stub ... more details
Salvage logging is the practice of logging trees in forest areas that have been damaged by forest fire wildfire , flood , severe wind, disease, insect infestation, or other natural Disturbance ecology disturbance . The primary motivation of salvage logging is economic. It has also been suggested that forests ... Salvage Logging Bot generated title ref The legitimacy of salvage logging operations in forests have ... logging operations, the harvesting may be either by selection cutting selection , Ecological thinning thinning or clearcutting , and a regeneration plan may be put in place after the logging. Examples unreferencedsection date June 2009 One famous instance in which salvage logging occurred was in the Biscuit ... President George W. Bush signed a bill that allowed salvage logging to occur more quickly and with lessened .... Controversy In the United States , salvage logging is a controversial issue for two main reasons. First, legal provisions for salvage logging can be used to justify cutting down damaged trees in areas that are otherwise protected from logging . Salvage logging may be exempt from most environmental ... for controversy is that, while proponents of salvage logging argue that it reduces the harmful effects ... logging have not been scientifically studied, and that there is evidence the practice actually increases ... of a forest to regenerate. Poor salvage logging practices may do more damage than the initial fire ... logging Bot generated title ref or the combined effect of the initial natural disturbance such as wildfire closely followed by salvage logging can have greater negative ecological impacts than the sum ... involve salvage logging s impacts on soil, water, and wildlife. Also, the cost of salvage logging often ... in which the logging often occurs. Also green salvage is commonly reported the felling of trees which are still alive in salvage logging operation. Trees which have been burnt may appear to be killed, but are still alive and able to regenerate, but are still cut down in illegitimate salvage logging ... more details
Underwater logging is the process of logging trees from underwater forests. When artificial reservoir s and dam s are built, large areas of forest are often inundated although the trees die, the wood is often preserved. The trees can then be felled using special underwater machinery and floated up to the surface. One such machine is the Sawfish harvester . A related form of logging consists of salvaging logs which loggers have abandoned after they became waterlogged and sank. This activity can be quite profitable, since the prime targets are decades old trees of a size and species difficult or impossible to find in their natural habitat. External links http www.wired.com wired archive 15.02 logs.html Wired.com Underwater logging article http books.google.com books?id HCgDAAAAMBAJ&pg PA56&dq Popular Science 1931 plane&hl en&ei dvsKTffpK8ShnAfqofGVDg&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 4&ved 0CDEQ6AEwAzgK v onepage&q&f true Fortune In Drowned Logs , September 1934, Popular Science article on early salvage of sunken logs Tech stub Category Logging forestry stub de Unterwasserholzf llen ... more details
Slash , or slashings , is a forestry term that refers to coarse woody debris coarse and fine woody debris generated during logging operations or through wind , snow or other natural Forest dynamics forest disturbances . ref cite encyclopedia year title Slash encyclopedia The Dictionary of Forestry publisher Society of American Foresters url http dictionaryofforestry.org dict term slash ref Slash generated during logging operations may increase fire hazard and some North America n states have passed laws requiring that logging slash be treated. ref http legis.state.sd.us statutes DisplayStatute.aspx?Type Statute&Statute 21 10 27 South Dakota Code ref Logging slash can be chipped and used for the production of electricity or heat in cogeneration power plants. ref http www.fire.ca.gov newsreleases content downloads 2001archive SlashToEnergy.pdf California Board of Forestry and Fire Protection ref In parts of the world where logging takes place on Peat soft ground the branches and tops of trees can be used as part of the timber harvesting process to provide a track for harvester forestry forest machines to travel upon. ref http www.forestry.gov.uk PDF fcpn013.pdf FILE fcpn013.pdf Managing Brash on Conifer Clearfell Sites, Forestry Commission ref Utilizing slash in this manner mitigates ground damage. See also Coarse woody debris Lignocellulosic biomass References references External links http bfslash.org A Slash Mulch site in Colorado DEFAULTSORT Slash Logging Category Logging Forestry stub ... more details
Refimprove date April 2011 Image Bolivia Deforestation EO.JPG thumb right 250px Satellite photograph of industrial scale skyline logging in the Tierras Bajas project in eastern Bolivia, showing deforestation and its later associated replacement by agriculture Skyline logging or skyline yarding are terms in forestry , in which harvested logs are transported on a suspended steel cable, a cableway or highline , from various locations where the trees are felled to a central location, typically next to a road for logistical reasons. The skyline s cable loop runs around a drive pulley, generally at the central delivery end, and the return pulley at the collection end the collection end pulley may be moved radially to other locations within the constraints of the system, and may operate over large areas. Individual logs are attached to the suspended cable by means of choker cables and carriages. A skyline yarder can pull in 5 to 10 logs at a time, using separate chokers. The pulleys are mounted on towers or cranes, other trees, ridges or, in rare cases, helium balloons. See also Cable Logging Sources and external links http www.forest.sabah.gov.my eeu web 20proper Student 20Zone Level 202 SFM SKYLINE1.HTM Skyline Logging http www.timberlinemag.com articledatabase view.asp?articleID 387 Riding High Skyline Logger Committed to Conservation http www.patentdigi.com hopper mechanical seed planters skyline logging carriage.html Skyline logging carriage Category Log transport Category Logging Forestry stub Industry stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Call logging is the process of collecting phone call data, analysing this data, and then reporting on the telephone network s cost, performance, capacity and quality of service QoS . It should not be confused with Phone tapping telephone tapping or call recording. The former refers to listening to calls, while the latter is about recording conversations. Collecting data Data is collected from a PBX and is referred to as Call detail record CDR data. On older, traditional PBXs, this is usually through a serial port. On newer models, an Ethernet connection is normally used. The CDRs are delivered via the appropriate method to a PC running the call logger software. Some PBX manufacturers provide their own basic call logging software but there are many other third party software packages available. Call logging software The job of the call logging software is to interpret the raw CDR data and allow the user to produce graphical reports. Call logging software packages differ in the sizes of PBX systems that they can support from hundreds of extensions to hundreds of thousands of extensions . They also differ in reporting capability and support for specialised PBX features. In general terms, call logging reports can highlight such areas as Cost Control cost of calls, cost of trunk lines, costs by department or individual extension, number of unused extensions, etc. Call logging software can also discover instances of Telephone fraud . Performance Management looks at how long it is taking an organisation to answer phone calls by operator, department or extension and demonstrates whether they meet acceptable target levels for that organisation. Capacity Management judges whether the system is being over or under utilised. It examines trunk usage and call .... An up to date call logging package should be able to include this data along with its other reports ... Telecom expense management DEFAULTSORT Call Logging Category Privacy of telecommunications ... more details
Well logging Sonic logging shows a Geologic formation formation s interval transit time, designated Dt . It is a measure of a formation s capacity to transmit sound waves . Geologically , this capacity varies with Petrology lithology and rock textures, notably porosity . Quantitatively, the sonic log is used to evaluate porosity in liquid filled pores. The sonic tool is only capable of measuring travel time. Many relationships between travel time and porosity have been proposed, the most commonly accepted is the Wyllie time average equation. The equation basically holds that the total travel time recorded on the log is the sum of the time the sonic wave spends traveling the solid part of the rock, called the rock matrix and the time spent traveling through the fluids in the pores. Use in mineral exploration Sonic logs are also used in mineral exploration, especially exploration for iron , hydrocarbons and potassium . Category Well logging Category Petroleum petroleum stub ... more details
Image Mudlogging.JPG thumb Mud log in process. Well logging Mud logging , also known as hydrocarbon well logging, is the creation of a detailed record well logging well log of a borehole by examining the bits ... mud . Mud logging is usually performed by a third party drilling fluid mud logging company. This provides ... exploration, mud logging is also sometimes used when drilling water wells and in other mineral exploration ... up in the mud. A mobile laboratory is situated by the mud logging company near the drilling rig or on deck of an offshore drilling rig, or on a drill ship. The service contracted A mud logging technician ... mud are sampled and analyzed. The mud logging company is normally contracted by the oil company or operator ... pusher , and geologist provides mud loggers their instruction. The mud logging company is contracted specifically as to when to start well logging activity and what services to provide. Mud logging ... or alignment by the mud logger to provide accurate readings. Mud logging technicians observe ..., pump rate, lithology rock type of the drilled cuttings, and other data. Mud logging requires ... line, in the sand large area of yellow Mud logging includes observation and microscopic examination ... log showing corrected d Exponent trending into pressure above the sand Mud logging is often written .... ref Google search mud logging and mudlogging May 6, 2008 ref The mud log provides a reliable time log of drilled formations. ref P.W. Purcell Chapter 16 Mud Logging pp. 347 354 in L.W. Leroy, D.O. ... is not necessarily standardized among different mud logging companies, though the symbol representation ... bibliography.html Articles and books on mud logging Chambre Syndicale de la recherche et de la production du petrole et du gaz naturel, 1982, Geological and mud logging in drilling control ..., mud logging and formation evaluation, Sacramento, CA Exploration Logging, Inc., 301 p. Privately published with no ISBN Whittaker, Alun, 1991, Mud logging handbook, Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall ... more details
Well logging Resistivity logging is a method of well logging that works by characterizing the rock or sediment in a borehole by measuring its resistivity electrical resistivity . Resistivity is a fundamental material property which represents how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current . In these logs, resistivity is measured using Resistivity Four point resistivity measurement 4 electrical probes to eliminate the resistance of the contact leads. The log must run in holes containing electrically conductive mud or water. Resistivity logging is sometimes used in mineral exploration and water well drilling, but most commonly for formation evaluation in oil and gas well drilling. Most rock materials are essentially insulators , while their enclosed fluids are Electrical conduction conductors . Hydrocarbon fluids are an exception, because they are almost infinitely resistive. When a formation is porous and contains salty water, the overall resistivity will be low. When the formation contains hydrocarbon, or contains very low porosity, its resistivity will be high. High resistivity values may indicate a hydrocarbon bearing formation. Usually while drilling, drilling fluid invasion drilling fluids invade the formation, changes in the resistivity are measured by the tool in the invaded zone. For this reason, several resistivity tools with different investigation lengths are used to measure the formation resistivity. If water based drilling mud mud is used and oil is displaced, deeper resistivity logs or those of the virgin zone will show lower conductivity than the invaded zone. If oil based mud is used and water is displaced, deeper logs will show higher conductivity than the invaded zone. This provides not only an indication of the fluids present, but also, at least quantitatively, whether the formation is permeable or not. Use in mineral exploration Resistivity ... also Archie s law Category Well logging Category Petroleum petroleum stub ... more details
Mergefrom Electric Line Formation evaluation date August 2008 Well logging Well logging , also known as borehole logging is the practice of making a detailed record a well log of the geologic formations ... logs . Well logging is done during all phases of a well s development drilling, completing ... formations intersected by a borehole. The logging procedure consists of lowering a logging ... depth zones containing oil and Gas Porosity gas hydrocarbons . Logging tools developed over the years ... properties of the rocks and their contained fluids. Logging is usually performed as the logging ... called a well log provided to the client. Well logging is performed at various intervals during the drilling ..., insulated cable used to conduct current to downhole tools used for well logging. Electric ... for logging are logging while drilling LWD , tractor, coiled tubing real time and memory , drill ... services and logging technologies. At this point in the well s life, the well is encased in steel ... required to contain the well pressure while deploying cased hole tools. There are many types of logging ... coauthors title Glossary of terms & expressions used in well logging publisher SPWLA year 1975 ... nuclear reactions that take place in the downhole logging instrument or in the formation. Nuclear .... ref cite book last Sengel first E.W. Bill authorlink coauthors title Handbook on well logging ... Limited in 1926, are considered the inventors of electric well logging. Conrad developed the Schlumberger ... coauthors title Wireline A history of the well logging and perforating business in the oil fields ... wiggled even when no current was being passed through the logging cables down in the well. This led ... coauthors Rhonda Duey title Logging history rich with innovation journal Hart s E&P volume issue pages ... developed during World War II. Nuclear logging has supplemented acoustic logging, but acoustic or sonic logs are still run on some combination logging tools. Nuclear logging was initially developed to measure ... more details
unsourced date March 2009 Well logging Density logging is a well logging tool determining rock bulk density along a wellbore . This is the overall density of a rock including solid matrix and the fluid enclosed in pores. Geologically, bulk density is a function of the density of the minerals forming a rock i.e. rock matrix matrix and the enclosed volume of free fluids porosity . Principle A radioactive source applied to the hole wall emits medium energy gamma ray s into the formation so these gamma rays may be thought of as high velocity particles which collide with the electron s in the formation. At each collision the gamma ray loses some of its energy to the electron, and then continues with diminished energy. This type of interaction is known as Compton scattering . The scattered gamma rays reaching the detector, at the fixed station from the source, are counted as an indication of formation stratigraphy formation density. The number of Compton scattering collisions is related directly to the number of the electron density of the formation. Consequently, the electron density determines the response of the density tool. Electron density is related through equation math rho dot epsilon frac 2 rho B sum Z 1i M math where math textstyle sum Z 1i math is the atomic numbers of all the atoms making up the molecules in the compound, and math M math is them molecular weight of the compound. Inferring porosity from bulk density Assuming that the measured bulk density math rho text bulk math only depends on rock matrix matrix density math rho text matrix math and fluid density math rho text fluid math , and that these values are known along the wellbore, porosity math phi math can be inferred by the formula math phi frac rho text matrix rho text bulk rho text matrix rho text fluid math Common values of matrix density math rho text matrix math in gram g cm are Quartz sand 2.65 ... are indicated by the presence of abnormally high log porosities. Category Well logging Category ... more details
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