Other uses pp semi small yes Infobox Product title Laser image Image Military laser experiment.jpg center 250px caption United States Air Force laser experiment inventor Charles Hard Townes launch year 1960 company available Worldwide current supplier last production notes File Laser play.jpg 250px thumb Laser beams in fog, reflected on a car windshield A laser is a device that emits light electromagnetic ... s. The term laser originated as an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation ... laser title laser publisher Reference.com ref The emitted laser light is notable for its high degree ... diffraction limited , often a so called pencil beam. Laser beams can be focused to very tiny spots ... to red 700nm . The word laser started as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission ... visible light , hence infrared laser , ultraviolet laser , X ray laser , and so on. Because the microwave predecessor of the laser, the maser , was developed first, devices of this sort operating ... , the laser was called an optical maser this term is now obsolete. ref cite web title Schawlow and Townes invent the laser publisher Lucent Technologies year 1998 url http www.bell labs.com about history laser accessdate 2006 10 24 ref A laser which produces light by itself is technically an optical ... amplifiers have come to be referred to as laser amplifiers , notwithstanding the apparent redundancy ..., meaning to produce laser light, ref http dictionary.reference.com browse lase Dictionary.com lase ref especially in reference to the gain medium of a laser when a laser is operating it is said to be lasing. Further use of the words laser and maser in an extended sense, not referring to laser technology or devices, can be seen in usages such as astrophysical maser and atom laser . Design Image Laser.svg thumb Principal components br 1. Gain medium br 2. Laser pumping energy br 3. High reflector br 4. Output coupler br 5. Laser beam Main Laser construction A laser consists of a Active laser ... more details
Meanings of Laser Class Laser dinghy a class of sail boat Laser safety classification of laser products concerning safety hazards disambig ... more details
Wiktionary laser A laser is a device which generates a coherent beam of light. Laser may also refer to Transportation Laser sailboat Ford Laser , a compact car sold outside the United States from 1980 2003 Chrysler Laser , a hatchback car sold from 1985 1986 Plymouth Laser , a sports coupe sold from 1989 1994 LASER Airlines Computing MPEG 4 Part 20 , a rich media standard VTech Laser 200 , an 8 bit home computer Laser 128 , a clone of the Apple II home computer Other uses Laser debit card , the primary debit card system used in Ireland. Laser roller coaster Lasers album Lasers album , by Lupe Fiasco Silphium , an extinct plant, of the genus Ferula , which produced a resin also called laserLaser genus , a plant genus of the family Apiaceae Dieter Laser , German actor See also Atom laser Lazar disambiguation Lazer disambiguation disambig da Laser flertydig de Laser Begriffskl rung fr Laser homonymie ko it Laser disambigua he nl Laser ja pl Laser ujednoznacznienie ru fi Laser t smennyssivu sv Laser olika betydelser ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Image Linelaser.jpg thumb 220px right A line laser is a laser with an Optics optic , to generate a laser line instead of a point e.g. laser pointer . Different types of optics generate different patterns. Usage 3D scanner laser scanning laser line level laser level surveying DEFAULTSORT Line Laser Category Surveying Category Laser image generation de Linienlaser ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Laser guidance is a technique of guiding a missile or other projectile or vehicle to a target by means of a laser beam. Some laser guided systems utilise beam riding guidance, but most operate more similarly to semi active radar homing SARH . This technique is sometimes called SALH , for Semi Active Laser Homing . With this technique, a laser is kept pointed at the target and the laser radiation bounces off the target and is scattered in all directions this is known as painting the target , or laser painting . The missile, bomb, etc. is launched or dropped somewhere near the target. When it is close enough for some of the reflected laser energy from the target to reach it, a laser seeker detects which direction this energy is coming from and adjusts the projectile trajectory towards the source. While the projectile is in the general area and the laser is kept aimed at the target, the projectile should be guided accurately to the target. Note that laser guidance is not useful against targets that do not reflect much laser energy, including those coated in special paint which absorbs laser energy. This is likely to be widely used by advanced military vehicles in order to make it harder to use laser rangefinder s against them and harder to hit them with laser guided munitions. An obvious circumvention would be to aim the laser merely close to the target. Countermeasures to laser guidance are Laser warning receiver Laser detection systems , Smoke screen , active anti laser active protection systems. See also Laser guided bomb Missile types DEFAULTSORT Laser Guidance Category Missile guidance Missile stub id Pemandu laser it Missile a guida laser ja ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Distinguish laser hair removal Laser surgery is surgery using a laser to cut Tissue biology tissue instead of a scalpel . Examples include the use of a laser scalpel in otherwise conventional surgery, and soft tissue laser surgery , in which the laser beam vaporizes soft tissue with high water content. Laser resurfacing is a technique in which molecular bond s of a material are dissolved by a laser. Laser surgery is commonly used on the human eye eye . Techniques used include LASIK , which is used to correct near and far sightedness in vision, and photorefractive keratectomy , a procedure which permanently reshapes the cornea using an excimer laser to remove a small amount of tissue. Green laser surgery is used for the treatment reduction of enlarged prostates. Laser surgery is much safer than normal surgery as it makes no physical contact so no infections are spread. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Laser Surgery Category Laser medicine Category Surgery Surgery stub ko ... more details
About the Laser Radial the general Laser history and more information Laser dinghy Refimprove date December 2010 Infobox Sailboat Specifications image Laser Radial 160588 01.jpg crew 1 loa height m 4.23 lwl height m 3.81 beam height m 1.37 draft height m .787 hull convert 56.7 kg abbr on mastheight mainsail convert 5.7 m2 abbr on d pn rya pn phrf updated olympic current The Laser Radial is a popular ... licensed boat builders. It is a singlehanded boat, meaning that it is sailed by one person. The Laser Radial is a variant of the Laser Standard , with shorter mast and reduced sail area, allowing light sailors to sail in heavy winds. The Laser Radial was chosen as the Olympic class for singlehanded ... www.sailing.org olympics resultscentre.php title Laser Radial Women Overall Results work Beijing Olympics 2008 accessdate 2008 08 19 publisher International Sailing Federation ISAF ref The Laser Radial is generally sailed and raced by lighter weight sailors and is usually the choice of women Laser sailors. Men typically sail the Laser Standard which has a larger sail. The only difference between the Laser Standard and Laser Radial is the size of the sail and the length of the lower section of the mast .... Most larger regattas for the Laser class will generally have separate races for the Laser Standard, Laser Radial and Laser 4.7. The Laser Radial uses the same top section of the mast as the Laser ... than the full Laser Standard rig. Although the one design Laser rig and hull was introduced in 1971, the Radial sail and mast was created in the 1980s. In 1988 the Laser Women s World Championship began using the Laser Radial. They are a good training aid to start learning to sail a Laser but the Laser ... Laser Radial http www.laserinternational.org International Laser Association http www.laserperformance.com ... of the Laser Class Laser Boats Olympic class sailboats Olympic Games Sailing International Dinghies ... da Laser Radial it Laser barca a vela Laser Radial sr fi Laser Radial sv Laser Radial ... more details
A laser jammer is a device typically used by drivers to prevent law enforcement officers from obtaining speed readings using a laser gun. Laser jammers are not to be confused with Radar jamming and deception Radar jamming in the civilian world radar jammers . Because these jammers are for laser and not radar, US federal laws prohibiting the use of radar jammers do not apply to these devices. However, several states have one or more laws that specifically prohibit the use of laser jammers, including California , Colorado , Illinois , Minnesota , Oklahoma , South Carolina , Tennessee , and Alaska . New York and Texas are currently trying to introduce legislation banning the use of laser jammers. ref cite web title USA Laser Jammer Laws url http www.guysoflidar.com usa laser jammer laws.html accessdate 2008 12 05 ref Laser jammers for civilian use have evolved greatly in the past 15 years. Different Lidar guns have different pulse rates and algorithms used to defeat laser jammers and or detect them. The first laser jammer ever produced was by K40 Electronics in 1996, known as the K40 Laser Defuser. Next came the Lidatek LE 10 Laser Echo by Lidatek LLC, then the Blinder M06 HP by Blinder International out of Denmark, then the Blinder M10 Twin, then the LE 20 to LE 30. Blinder remade the M10 Twin into the smarter M20 X treme series. Laser diode based jammers came out in 2006, known as the Anti Laser, Laser Pro Park, and Laser Interceptor. In comparison to the radar detector market, laser jammers aren t well known to police officers and most were proven not to work as advertised or at all. References reflist Category Electronic countermeasures Category Laser applications law enforcement stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Laser snow is the Precipitation chemistry precipitation of Cluster physics clustered atoms or molecules, induced by passing a laser beam through certain gas ses. DEFAULTSORT Laser Snow Category Atomic, molecular, and optical physics Atomic physics stub ... more details
Refimprove date September 2009 infobox record label name Laser Vision image Image Laservision logo.gif parent founded founder status Active distributor Laser Vision Bangladesh br Hollywood Laser Vision USA & Canada genre Various callsigns country Bangladesh location Dhaka, Bangladesh url Laser Vision is a Bangladesh i record label . Laser Vision Dhaka Bangladesh Laser Vision Dhaka Bangladesh is involved in core Distribution business business of distribution of copyrights licensed quality television programs, recording artists and full length Bengali cinema Bengali feature films released on DVD , VCD , CDs, Audio Video Magnetic tapes and cassettes. All of which has achieved through keen perception of the changing consumer practices, infrastructural investment, technological upgradations and a skilled, cohesive workforce. Hollywood Laser Vision Hollywood Laser Vision is the authorized licensed exclusive distributor of Laser Vision Dhaka Bangladesh to distribute copyright licensed master quality Laser Vision releases in North America. ref cite web url http hollywoodlaservision.com default.aspx title Hollywood Laser Vision, Home publisher hollywoodlaservision.com accessdate 2009 09 26 ref See also List of record labels References reflist External links http hollywoodlaservision.com default.aspx Hollywood Laser Vision Official Web Site Category Bangladeshi record labels ... more details
Image Janus laser 1975.jpg thumb right 350px The Janus laser as it appeared in 1975. The Janus laser was a then considered high power two beam infrared neodymium doped silica glass laser built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 1974 for the study of inertial confinement fusion . Janus was built using about 100 pounds of Nd glass laser material. Initially, Janus was only capable of producing laser pulses of about 10 joules of energy. See also Laser Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory List of laser types External links http www.llnl.gov 50science lasers.html http www.osti.gov bridge servlets purl 16710 UOC0xx native 16710.pdf http adsabs.harvard.edu cgi bin nph bib query?bibcode 1978SPIE..121..111G& db key PHY& data type HTML& format & high 44fac4eeaa10084 fusion experiments Category Inertial confinement fusion research lasers physics stub ... more details
For other Laser sailboats Laser sailboat Infobox Sailboat Specifications image Laser dinghy.svg caption ... Laser Class sailboat , also called Laser Standard and the Laser One is a popular one design class of small dinghy sailing sailing dinghy . According the Laser Class Rules the boat may be sailed ... boat manufacturers worldwide. The Laser is one of the most popular single handed dinghies in the world ... is that it is robust, simple to rig and sail. The Laser also provides very competitive racing .... The term Laser is often used to refer to the Laser Standard the largest of the sail plan rigs available for the Laser hull . However there are two other sail plan rigs available for the Laser Standard hull and a series of other Laser branded boats which are of a completely different hull designs. Examples include the Laser 2 dinghy Laser 2 and Laser Pico dinghy Laser Pico . The Laser Standard, Laser Radial and Laser 4.7 are three types of Laser administered by the International Laser Class Association. History File Laser Radial 160588 02.jpg thumb Sailor hiking out on a Laser Radial ... held a regatta for boats under 1000, called America s Teacup . After a few sail modifications, the Laser ... TGIF, a common American abbreviation for Thank God it s Friday . It was renamed Laser after the Laser scientific mechanism and officially unveiled at the New York Boat Show in 1971. The Laser became ... edition of the boat was released that year in commemoration. A version with a smaller sail, the Laser ... of the Laser Class is Robert Scheidt nickname El Demolidor from Brazil he won the world championship eight times and won two gold and one silver Olympic medals. Design Image Laser Standard 160588 01.jpg thumb The Laser Standard As a one design class of sailboat, all Lasers are built to the same ... to lift onto a car top rack. The various sizes of Laser are all uni rigged they have only a main sail. The Laser Standard sail has sail area of 7.06 m 76 ft and, especially in higher winds 15 ... more details
Image Laser128 1.jpg thumb right Laser 128 The Laser 128 was a clone of the Apple II series of personal computers , first released by VTech in 1984 . Unlike the Apple II clones from Franklin Electronic Publishers Franklin , VTech reverse engineering reverse engineered the Apple Read only memory ROMs using a clean room design rather than copying them. Apple Computer challenged VTech in court, but unlike its efforts directed at Franklin, Apple was unable to force the Laser 128 off the market. As its name suggests, the Laser 128 had 128 Kibibyte KB of Random Access Memory RAM . Like the Apple IIc , it was a one piece semi portable design with a carrying handle and a single built in 5 inch floppy disk drive. Unlike the Apple IIc, it had a numeric keypad and a single Apple IIe compatible expansion slot, which gave it better expansion capabilities than a IIc. VTech offered a metal 2 slot card cage that sat alongside the Laser 128 and attached to the computer s single slot, allowing for even for greater expansion flexibility. The Laser 128 retailed for about 700, substantially less than the price of an Apple IIc. Apple countered the Laser 128 with its upgraded Apple IIc Plus . VTech responded with the Laser 128EX and the Laser EX2. The Laser 128 was aggressively marketed, both by mail order firms and in retail and catalog stores such as Sears, Roebuck and Company Sears . Even though its ROM was not derived from Apple s ROM, the Laser 128 series had a high degree of compatibility with its competition from Apple. VTech owed much of this compatibility to the fact that they were able to license Applesoft BASIC which constitutes the largest and most complex part of an Apple II s ROM contents ... that are a part of BASIC in ROM, and it s quite likely that the Laser would not have been as successful ...?st 1&c 13 Laser 128 Category Home computers Category Apple II family Category VTech Laser 128 ca Laser 128 de Laser 128 es Laser 128 it Laser 128 pl Laser 128 pt Laser 128 sr Laser 128 ... more details
Primarysources date February 2011 Image Nike laser amplifier.jpg thumb right Final amplifier of the Nike laser where laser beam energy is increased from 150 J to 5 kJ by passing through a krypton fluorine argon gas mixture excited by irradiation with two opposing 670,000 volt electron beams. The Nike laser at the United States Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC is a 56 beam, 4 5 kJ per pulse electron beam pumped Krypton fluoride laser krypton fluoride excimer laser which operates in the ultraviolet at 248 nm with pulsewidths of a few nanoseconds. Nike was completed in the late 1980s and is used for investigations into inertial confinement fusion . By using a KrF laser with induced spatial incoherence ISI optical smoothing, the modulations in the laser focal profile beam intensity anisotropy are only 1 in one beam and 0.3 with a 44 beam overlap. This feature is especially important for minimizing the seeding of Rayleigh Taylor instabilities in the imploding fusion target capsule plasma physics plasma . Image Nike laser final mirrors.gif thumb left Nike laser final mirror array and lens array that direct the laser beams onto target. See also United States Naval Research Laboratory Excimer laser Krypton fluoride laser List of laser types External links http other.nrl.navy.mil nike.html Nike KrF Laser Facility at navy.mil References reflist nofootnotes date February 2011 Fusion experiments DEFAULTSORT Nike Laser Category Inertial confinement fusion research lasers ar ... more details
Image Novette laser.jpg thumb right 250px The Novette target chamber metal sphere with diagnostic devices sticking out , which was reused from the shiva laser Shiva project and two newly built laser chains visible in background. Novette was a two beam neodymium glass phosphate glass testbed laser built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in about 15 months throughout 1981 and 1982 and was completed in January 1983. Novette was made using recycled parts from the dismantled shiva laser Shiva and Argus laser Argus lasers and borrowed parts from the future Nova laser . Its main intended purpose was to validate the proposed design and expected performance of the then planned Nova laser. In addition to being used for the further study of enhanced laser to target plasma energy coupling utilizing optical frequency multiplier frequency tripled light and examining its benefits with respect to inertial confinement fusion , Novette was also used in the world s first laboratory demonstration of an x ray laser in 1984. See also List of laser types External links http www.llnl.gov 50science lasers.html http www.osti.gov bridge servlets purl 16710 UOC0xx native 16710.pdf http adsabs.harvard.edu abs 1985EnTR........15. fusion experiments Category Inertial confinement fusion research lasers Category Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ... more details
About the Laser 4.7 the general Laser history and more information Laser dinghy Infobox Sailboat Specifications image crew 1 loa convert 4230 mm abbr on lwl convert 3810 mm abbr on beam convert 1370 mm abbr on draft convert 787 mm abbr on hull convert 56.7 kg abbr on mastheight mainsailandjib mainsail convert 4.7 m2 abbr on jib spinnaker d pn rya pn phrf updated olympic no The Laser 4.7 is a one design dinghy class in the Laser dinghy Laser series and is a one design class of sailboat. All Lasers are built to the same specifications. The Laser is 4.06 m 13 ft 10 in long, with a waterline length of 3.81 m 12 ft 6 in . The hull weight is 59 kg 130 lb . Lasers are cat rigged , meaning they have only one sail. The 4.7 uses the same hull and top mast section as the Laser dinghy Laser , but has a different smaller bottom mast section and sail. The sail is only 4.7 square metres, as opposed to 7 for the Laser dinghy Laser Standard or 5.7 for the Laser Radial . The smaller sail means that the 4.7 can be easily sailed by sailors weighing only 45 65 kg 100 145 lb this boat can still be sailed competitively under and over the ideal weights. The Laser 4.7 has been increasing in popularity around the world since the late 1990s. In some areas it is less popular than the Byte dinghy Byte dinghy, a very similar class also designed as a youth single handed racing trainer, but the interchangeability of the rigs of the Laser series has always made them popular. It is popular among youth sailors graduating from the Optimist dinghy Optimist sailing dinghy, and many 4.7 sailors graduate to the Laser Radial as they progress their sailing abilities. External links http www.teamvanguard.com Web site of the manufacturer, Vanguard Sailboats http www.lasersailing.com disp uk range introduction Guide to the various sizes of Laser sailboats Laser Boats International Dinghies Sailing Dinghies and Skiffs Category Dinghies ship type stub da Laser 4.7 it Laser 4.7 sv Laser ... more details
Infobox Sailboat Specifications image Laser II under spinnaker.jpg caption class symbol crew 2 single Trapeze Dinghy Gear trapeze loa convert 4370 mm abbr on lwl beam convert 1420 mm abbr on draft hull convert 76 kg abbr on mastheight mainsailandjib convert 11.52 m2 abbr on mainsail jib spinnaker convert 10.2 m2 abbr on d pn rya pn phrf updated olympic no The Laser 2 is a double handed version of the popular Laser dinghy Laser one design class of small sailing dinghy . It is a quick, planing sailing planing dinghy that differs from the laser in that it has a jib , symmetric spinnaker and a trapeze sailing trapeze for the crew. It was designed by Australian Frank Bethwaite and was first launched as a product in Australia then North America in 1979 and in Europe in 1980. The hull is made of GRP glass reinforced plastic . The rig is a Bermudian rig sloop with spinnaker. It is designed to be a mid to high performance racer. In Britain, its most common current use is at university class in British University Sailing Association BUSA events. A version known as the Laser Fun was available, the same hull but featuring a reefing reefable mainsail and a roller furling jib, and with the option of an asymmetric spinnaker Laser Fun New Wave . As a strict one design boat the Laser 2 is not available for amateur construction the boat has also been discontinued as a result of the 2007 merger of its manufacturers Laser UK and Vanguard Sailboats into Laser Performance Sailing. The Laser Vago which features a gennaker and has been designed to be sailed single handed as well as double handed, is considered by some as a replacement. Frank Bethwaite s hull design for the Laser 2 was married to a new deck and rig to produce the Laser 3000 in 1996, which has since gone on to form the basis of the 3000 ... stub Laser Boats International Dinghies Sailing Dinghies and Skiffs Category Dinghies Category Two person sailboats de Laser II Bootsklasse ... more details
Two of the most distinctive characteristics of laser emission are coherence physics spatial coherence and coherence physics spectral coherence . While spatial coherence is related to the beam divergence of the laser, spectral coherence is evaluated by measuring the laser linewidth of the radiation. Although the concept of laser linewidth can have varied theoretical descriptions here we provide a simple experimental description. One of the first method used to measure the coherence of a laser was optical ... solution laser, Appl. Phys. Lett. 9 , 306 309 1966 . ref Laser linewidth in CW lasers Laser linewidth in a typical single transverse mode He Ne laser at a wavelength of 632.8 nm , in the absence of intracavity line narrowing optics, can be of the order of 1 GHz. On the other hand, the laser linewidth ... 1 kHz. ref L. W. Hollberg, CW dye lasers, in Dye Laser Principles , F. J. Duarte and L. W. Hillman ... quantum processes. Laser linewidth in pulsed lasers Laser linewidth from high power high gain pulsed ... nm. ref name FPS Laser linewidth from high power high gain pulsed laser oscillators, comprising line narrowing optics, is a function of the geometrical and dispersive features of the laser cavity. ref F. J. Duarte, Tunable Laser Optics Elsevier Academic, New York, 2003 Chapter 7. ref For example, an optimized multiple prism grating laser oscillators multiple prism grating laser oscillator can deliver ... MHz equivalent to math Delta lambda math 0.0004 nm at a laser wavelength of 590 nm . ref F. J. Duarte , Multiple prism grating solid state dye laser oscillator optimized architecture, Appl. Opt. 38 , 6347 6349 1999 . ref Laser linewidth notation In the frequency domain the laser linewidth is denoted as math Delta nu math and is given in units of GHz, MHz, or kHz. In the spectral domain the laser ... theory Multiple prism grating laser oscillators Oscillator linewidth Spectral linewidth References reflist Category Optics Category Laser science ... more details
A tunable laser is a laser whose wavelength of operation can be altered in a controlled manner. While all active laser medium laser gain media allow small shifts in output wavelength, only a few types ... thumb right 300px CW dye laser based on Rhodamine 6G . The dye laser is considered to be the first broadly tunable laser. There are many types and categories of tunable lasers. They exist in the gas, liquid, and solid state. Among the types of tunable lasers are excimer laser s, CO2 laser CO sub 2 sub lasers , dye laser s liquid and solid state , transition metal solid state laser s, semiconductor crystal and diode laser s, and free electron laser s ref F. J. Duarte ed. , http www.opticsjournal.com ... , ref W. Demtr der , Laser Spectroscopy Basic Principles, 4th Ed. Springer, Berlin, 2008 . ref photochemistry , atomic vapor laser isotope separation , ref J. R. Murray, in Laser Spectroscopy ... York, 1987 Chapter 2. ref ref M. A. Akerman, Dye laser isotope separation, in Dye Laser Principles ... . Types of tunability Single line tuning Since no real laser is truly monochromatic , all lasers can emit light over some range of frequencies, known as the linewidth of the laser transition. In most ... YAG laser has a linewidth of approximately 120 GHz, corresponding to a 0.45 nm wavelength range ref Koechner, 2.3.1, p49. ref . Tuning of the laser output across this range can be achieved by placing wavelength selective optical elements such as an etalon into the laser s optical cavity , to provide selection of a particular longitudinal mode of the cavity. Multi line tuning Most laser gain media have a number of transition wavelengths on which laser operation can be achieved. For example ... s mirrors can cause tuning of the laser as it hops between different laser lines. Such schemes are common in argon ion laser s, allowing tuning of the laser to a number of lines from the ultraviolet and blue through to green wavelengths. Narrowband tuning For some types of lasers the laser s cavity ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date November 2006 The mercury laser is a high average power laser system being developed as a prototype for systems to drive inertial confinement fusion . Like the National Ignition Facility , it is intended to produce narrow pulses of extremely high power, using laser diode diode pumped solid state laser s. Unlike the NIF system, the mercury laser aims to achieve a high repetition rate its goals are 10 pulses per second, each delivering 100 J with a 10 efficient conversion of electricity to laser light. The active gain medium is Yb SFAP Ytterbium doped Sr sub 5 sub PO sub 4 sub sub 3 sub , which is cooled by fast flowing helium to allow high repetition rates. Infrared light at 900 nm from 8 arrays of laser diode s Optical pumping pumps the laser. See also Mercury vapor lamp , a gas discharge lamp that uses the element mercury in an excited state to produce light DEFAULTSORT Mercury Laser Category Inertial confinement fusion research lasers ... more details
A laser scalpel is a scalpel for surgery , cutting or ablation ablating living biological tissue by the energy of laser light. In soft tissue laser surgery , a laser beam ablation ablates or vaporizes the soft tissue with high water content. In ophthalmology excimer laser s are used for changing the shape of the cornea , procedures known as LASIK and LASEK . Other surgical fields where the use of a laser scalpel is common are circumcision , neurosurgery and vascular surgery . Today YAG and carbon dioxide laser CO sub 2 sub lasers are used, but possible benefits of using the vastly more expensive free electron laser s are being researched. For research use in cell biology , special laser micro scalpels can make cuts smaller than a single cell. Literature D.H. Sliney, S.L. Trokel Medical lasers and their safe use , ISBN 3 540 97856 9 Leon Danaila, Mihail Lucian Pascu Lasers in Neurosurgery , ISBN 973 27 0802 6 K. K. Jain Handbook of Laser Neurosurgery , ISBN 0 398 04844 4 External links http www.vanderbilt.edu News research ravf96 ravf96 7.html Vanderbilt free electron laser for brain tumor removal http www.thecrimson.com article.aspx?ref 353527 Harvard laser micro scalpels http www.aesculight.com expert opinion.php How to select a surgical veterinary laser by Prof. George M. Peavy Surgical instruments Category Dental lasers Category Surgical instruments Category Laser medicine ca Bistur l ser de Laserskalpell es Bistur l ser hu L zerszike fi Laserleikkaus l ketiede ... more details
A ring laser is a laser in which the laser cavity has the shape of a ring. Light in ring lasers has two possible directions of propagation clockwise and counter clockwise. Ring lasers are sometimes modified to allow only one direction of propagation by placing a device into the ring which leads to different losses for different propagation directions. For instance, this could be a Faraday effect Faraday rotator combined with a Polarization waves polarizing element. ref name ringlasers cite web url http www.rp photonics.com ring lasers.html title Ring Lasers publisher Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology accessdate 2009 08 19 ref One type of ring laser design is a single crystal design, where light reflects around inside the laser crystal so as to circulate in a ring. This is the monolithic crystal design, and such devices are known as Non Planar Ring Oscillators NPROs or MISERs. ref name ringlasers There are also ring fiber laser s. ref I. N. Duling III, http www.opticsinfobase.org abstract.cfm?URI ol 16 8 539 All fiber ring soliton laser mode locked with a nonlinear mirror , Opt. Lett. 16 8 , 539 1991 ref ref L. E. Nelson et al., Ultrashort pulse fiber ring lasers , Appl. Phys. B 65, 277 1997 ref Ring lasers have several applications. Currently the most widespread application is the ring laser gyroscope . If a ring laser is rotating, the two counter propagating waves are slightly shifted in frequency and a Beat acoustics beat interference pattern is observed, which can be used to determine the rotational speed. Semiconductor ring laser s have potential applications in all optical computing. One primary application is as an optical memory device where the direction of propagation represents either 0 or 1. They can maintain the propagation of light in exclusively the clockwise or counterclockwise direction as long as they remain powered. References reflist See also Optical ring resonators Ring laser gyroscope Semiconductor ring laser optics stub Category Laser ... more details
Context date October 2009 Laser converting or laser digital converting is a Manufacturing production technology that enables device manufacturers to produce features that otherwise would be problematic or even impossible to Die preparation die cut , without the need for Machine tool tooling . In contrast to traditional mechanical converting, laser digital converting utilizes the features of laser s and advance software technology to convert parts in extremely high accuracy. In production environment, the laser digital converting is the economics of scale when the production run is short, as there is virtually no up front cost associated with machine tools making and storage. Also, the turnaround time is minimal as it only involves software interpretation on the imported engineering diagram of the part. Unreferenced date April 2007 Category Industrial processes Category Laser applications technology stub ... more details
Image rhodamine 6G.svg thumb right 200px Molecular structure of Rhodamine 6G, perhaps the best known laser dye. Laser dyes are very large organic molecules with molecular weights of a few hundred m sub u sub . When one of these organic molecules is dissolved in a suitable liquid solvent such as ethanol, methanol, or an ethanol water mixture it can be used as gain medium in a dye laser . ref F. P. Sch fer Ed. , Dye Lasers , 3rd Ed. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1990 . ref ref F. J. Duarte and L. W. Hillman Eds. , Dye Laser Principles Academic, New York, 1990 . ref Laser dye solutions absorb at shorter wavelengths end emit at longer wavelengths. Successful laser dyes include the coumarins and the rhodamines. Coumarin dyes emit in the green region of the spectrum while rhodamine dyes are used for emission in the yellow red. However, there are dozens of laser dyes that can be used to span continuously the emission spectrum from the near ultraviolet to the near infrared. ref name TLO F. J. Duarte, Tunable Laser Optics Elsevier Academic, New York, 2003 Appendix of Laser Dyes includes more than 50 laser dyes ref Laser dyes are also used to dope solid state matrices, such as poly methyl methacrylate PMMA , and Ormosil ORMOSILs , to provide gain media for solid state dye lasers . ref name TLO Partial list of laser dyes Coumarin in various nomenclatures such as Coumarin 480, 490, 504, 521, 504T, 521T ref name TLO DCM Fluorescein Rhodamine 6G Rhodamine B Rhodamine 123 Umbelliferone also known as 7 hydroxycoumarin References reflist Category Laser gain media ... more details
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