A landform or physical feature in the earth sciences and geology sub fields, comprises a geomorphology geomorphological unit, and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain , and as such, is typically an element of topography . Landform elements also include seascape and oceanic waterbody interface features such as bay s, peninsula s, sea s and so forth, including sub aqueous terrain features such as submersed mid Atlantic ridge mountain ranges , volcanoes, and the great ocean basins. Physical characteristics Landforms are categorised by characteristic physical attributes such as elevation, slope, orientation, Stratum stratification , rock exposure, and soil type. Gross physical features or landforms include intuitive elements such as berm s, mound s, hill s, ridge s, cliff s, valley s, river s, peninsula s and numerous other structural and size scaled i.e. pond s vs. lake s, hill s vs. mountain s elements including various kinds of inland and oceanic Waterbody waterbodies and sub surface features. wide image Cades Cove Panorama.JPG 600px This panorama in Great Smoky Mountains National Park has the readily identifiable physical features of a rolling plain , actually part of a broad valley , distant hill foothills , and a backdrop of the old much weathering weathered Appalachian mountain range Hierarchy of classes Ocean s and continent s exemplify the highest order landforms. Landform element s are parts of a high order landforms that can be further identified and systematically given a cohesive definition such as hill tops, shoulders, saddles, foreslopes and backslopes. Some generic landform elements including pits, peaks, channels ... pubpapers 198 title Conference paper Automated landform classification using DEMs accessdate 2008 ... jv Bentang alam ka ms Darat nl Landvorm ja no Landform pl Formy ukszta towania terenu pt Acidente geogr fico ru simple Landform sl Zemeljsko povr je sv Landform tl ... more details
File Danxiashan yangyuanshi.jpg thumb An example of Danxia landform from Mount Danxia The Danxia landform refers to various landscapes found in southeast and southwest China that consist of a red bed characterized by steep cliffs . ref name unesco cite web url http whc.unesco.org en tentativelists 5352 title Danxia Landform of China accessdate 2009 12 16 author publisher whc.unesco.org ref It is a unique type of petrographic geomorphology found in China . Danxia landform are formed from red colored sandstones and conglomerates of largely Cretaceous age. The landforms look very much like karst topography that forms in areas underlain by limestones, but since the rocks that form Danxia are sandstones and conglomerates, they have been called pseudo karst landforms. Danxia landforms cover several provinces in southeast China. Taining County, Fujian Province, has very good examples of young danxia landforms wherein deep, narrow valleys have been formed. As the landform gets older, valleys widen and one gets isolated towers and ridges. The Danxia landform is named after Mount Danxia , one of the most famous examples of the Danxia landform. A very peculiar feature of Danxia landscape is the development of numerous caves of various sizes and shapes. The caves tend to be shallow and isolated, unlike true karst terrain where caves tend to form deep, interconnecting networks. In 2010, several Danxia landscapes in southern China, with a general name of China Danxia , were inscribed as a World Heritage Site . ref http news.xinhuanet.com english2010 china 2010 08 02 c 13425443.htm China Danxia Landform proclaimed world heritage ref The six inscribed Danxia landform areas are Mount Langshan and Mount Wanfoshan Hunan Province , Mount Danxia Guangdong Province , Taining and Guanzhishan Fujian ... small references references div commons Category Danxia landform Danxia landform Category Danxia Landform fr Relief Danxia zh ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2009 A Table , when used with landform s, is a hill , flank of a mountain, or mountain , that has a flat top. This landform has numerous names in addition to table. These include Tuya Tepui Mesa Potrero landform Potrero Butte Plateau Fluvial terrace Terrace Description The term flat is relative when speaking of tables, and often the naming or identification of a table or table mountain is based on the appearance of the terrain feature from a distance or from below it. An example is Mesa Verde National Park Mesa Verde, Colorado , where the flat top of the mountain is both rolling terrain and cut by numerous deep canyons and arroyos, but whose rims appear quite flat from almost all directions, terminating in cliffs. See also Portal Geography Plateau syn Tablelands Earth s landforms state collapsed Physical geography topics DEFAULTSORT Table Landform Category Tables landform Category Landforms Category Mountains Category Geography terminology Topography stub pl G ra sto owa geomorfologia sv Plat berg ... more details
Image Malpa sg mar.jpg thumb right Malpa s de G mar on Tenerife , Canary Islands A malpa s is a landform characterized by eroded rocks of volcanic rock volcanic origin in an arid environment. This describes many Deserts and xeric shrublands xeric places, but is strongly connected to Spanish speaking countries and the Southwestern United States because of the Spanish settlers that gave the landform its name. Badlands landform The word malpa s in Spanish translates to badland , and this describes the area as being unusable for crops. Although a malpa s is often another word for the badlands that form by erosion of sedimentary rocks in the same environment, a malpa s is also often associated with such types of lava plain terrain as found in a volcanic field . Examples The El Malpais National Monument is an example of this landform in New Mexico . ref http www.nps.gov elma faqs.htm El Malpais National Monument Frequently Asked Quastions ref The Carrizozo Malpa s and Jornada del Muerto Volcano lava plain, in the Tularosa Basin s Jornada del Muerto Desert are other New Mexico examples. The Malpa s de G mar is an example in the Spanish Canary Islands . Etymology A loanword from Spanish language Spanish , malpa s is in wide use in English language English in the southwest United States . Although the literal translation of malpa s is badland , other Spanish terms for badlands are es Tierras bald as tierras bald as and es C rcava c rcava . References Reflist wiktionarypar malpa s Category Malpaises Category Volcanic landforms Category Erosion landforms Category Badlands geo term stub es Malpa s geomorfolog a ... more details
File Dell male karpaty.jpg thumb right Dell in the Little Carpathians with a dry stream channel Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In geography physical geography , a dell is a small wooded valley . Like dale , the word dell is derived from the Old English language Old English word d l . See also Cirque Combe or coombe a British language Celtic Brythonic word meaning a steep sided valley Coulee Dells of the Wisconsin River Glen , glaciated valley , U shaped valley U shaped Gully , Gorge Vale , Valley Hollywood Dell DEFAULTSORT Dell Landform Category Slope landforms Geo term stub ... more details
Other uses Potrero disambiguation Potrero In English, a potrero is a long mesa that at one end slopes upward to higher terrain. This landform commonly occurs on the flanks of a mountain, as part of a dissected plateau . A loan word from Spanish language , potrero is in current use in the southwestern United States , where it is sometimes translated as tongue of land and enclosed piece of pasture land . Google Books ref John Peabody Harrington 1916 The Ethnogeography of the Tewa Indians , pages 29 618 in Twenty ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1907 1908 , Government Printing Office, Washington. Page 259. ref In Spanish language, however, the tongue of land sense is archaic. Also archaic is the related sense of potrero referring to someone who wrangles young horse s potros in Spanish kept as breeding stock not saddle or pack stock . In Spanish, the usual sense of potrero now refers to any land such as a ranch, open range, or community pasture where such horses are kept. In Spain, additionally, a potrero is common land which, due to being community property, is in poor condition see Tragedy of the commons . Notable examples of potreros include some of the many mesas of the Pajarito Plateau near Santa Fe, New Mexico United States . Historically, these potreros were used as winter pasture for livestock horses, sheep, and cattle that were driven to and from lush summer pastures in the high grass valleys valles of the Valles Caldera . Today, these potreros are used in this manner by a large herd of elk . These potreros are natural enclosures, with only one principal exit the narrow connection to higher land. References reflist wiktionarypar potrero topography stub Category Mesas Category Tables landform Category Landforms of New Mexico Category Erosion landforms Category Spanish loanwords es Potrero geomorfolog a ... more details
the spit may become a bar landform bar , with both ends joined to land, and form a lagoon behind the bar ... 18502 ref See also List of spits landforms Shoal , a related landform References Reflist Spits coastal geography DEFAULTSORT Spit Landform Category Coastal geography Category Coastal and oceanic landforms ... more details
Fluvioglacial landforms are landform s moulded by glacier glacial meltwater . This discharge of glacial stream s, both over the surface supraglacial and beneath the ice sheet subglacial , is higher in the warmer summer months. As subglacial water often flows under Water pressure pressure , it has a high velocity and is very Turbulence turbulent . This high velocity enables it to transport a large amount of material which would not normally be transported in a regular stream of similar size boulders thus transported may remain as glacial erratic s in the post glacial terrain. As this material is transported it makes contact with the underside of a glacier and erodes vertically from below by Abrasion geology abrasion . This erosion creates valley subglacial valley s. When there is a decrease in discharge of the glacial steams, Deposition sediment deposition occurs, and is responsible for large groupings of landforms like esker s and drumlin s in glaciated areas. Pro glacial lake s leave their own passive impress on the glaciated landscape, recognizable by the flatness of the former lakebed and Terrace geology raised terrace s that mark former shorelines. More active massive scouring occurs when ice dam s of pro glacial lakes fail catastrophically in a glacial lake outburst flood the results can be seen, for example in the Channeled Scablands in the U.S. state of Washington U.S. state Washington , created by the cataclysmic Missoula Floods that swept periodically across eastern Washington and down the Columbia River Plateau during the Pleistocene Epoch geology epoch . The Shonkin Sag along the northern edge of the Highwood Mountains , Montana, is a channel formed by the Missouri River and glacial meltwater pouring from Glacial Lake Great Falls it is one of the most famous prehistoric meltwater channels in the world. ref Axline, Jon and Bradshaw, Glenda Clay. Montana s Historical Highway Markers. Helena, MT Montana Historical Society , rev. ed. 2008 91. ref Notes Reflist ... more details
Image PotholeLakes.Siberia.L7.20010910.jpg thumb 250px Kettle lakes in Siberia, adjacent to the Gulf of Ob image right . The lake colors indicate amounts of sediment or depth the deeper or clearer the water, the bluer the lake. A kettle kettle hole, pothole is a shallow, sediment filled body of water formed by retreating glacier s or draining floodwaters. Overview Kettles are fluvioglacial landform s occurring as the result of blocks of ice Ice calving calving from the front of a receding glacier and becoming partially to wholly buried by glacial outwash. Glacial outwash is generated when streams of meltwater flow away from the glacier and deposit sediment to form broad outwash plains called sandur s. When the ice blocks melt, kettle holes are left in the sandur . When the development of numerous kettle holes disrupt sandur surfaces, a jumbled array of ridges and mounds form, resembling kame and kettle topography. ref Bennet, M and Glasser, N Glacial Geology Ice Sheets and Landforms, page 262. John Wiley and Sons, 1997 ref Kettle holes can also occur in ridge shaped deposits of loose rock fragments called till . ref Tarbuck, E and Lutgens, F Earth, page 351. Prentice Hall, 2002 ref Kettle holes can form as the result of flood s caused by the sudden drainage of an ice dammed lake. These floods, called Jokulhlaup s, often rapidly deposit large quantities of sediment onto the sandur surface. The kettle holes are formed by the melting blocks of sediment rich ice that were transported and consequently buried by the Jokulhlaups. It was found in field observations and laboratory simulations done by Maizels in 1992 that defensive wall rampart s form around the edge of kettle holes that are generated by Jokulhlaups. The development of distinct types of ramparts depends on the concentration of rock fragments contained in the melted ice block and on how deeply the block was buried by sediment. ref Bennett, M and Glasser, N Glacial Geology Ice Shetts and Landforms, page 267. Jo ... more details
for the adjacent region southeast, in the Nevada Test Site Pahute Mesa Geobox Mesa name Pahute Mesa landform native name category hide yes image image size 295px image caption Large two lobed playas in br south valley region Antelope Valley north valley beyond photo country United States country flag 1 state Nevada state flag 1 region southern Category Central Nevada desert Central Nevada desert br suthwest Great Basin Great Basin region br north Mojave Desert border district Elko County, Nevada Elko County district1 Nye County, Nevada Nye County district2 municipality part city Beatty, Nevada Beatty, NV city1 city2 landmark river NE source of Amargosa River river1 Antelope Butte, in Lander County Antelope V. 5917 ft, coord. 39.8858 N, 117.3284 W Tolicha Peak, at mountainzone.com, coord, 37.268547 N, 116.809234 W lat d 37.268547 lat m lat s lat NS N long d 116.809234 long m long s long EW W topo topo map topo maker geology border Gold Flat NE br Pahute Mesa Pahute Mesa test region SE br Eleana Range SE br Bare Mountain Nevada SSE br Sarcobatus Flat SW & S br Bullfrog Hills SSW length imperial 60 length orientation NW to SE width imperial 25 width orientation variable Shafter Knoll, center east valley, trails.com , coordinates, 40.7701 N, 114.4134 W Tolicha Peak, at mountainzone.com, coord, 37.268547 N, 116.809234 W highest Tolicha Peak highest location northwest mesa region highest country highest state highest region highest district highest elevation highest elevation imperial 7679 highest lat d 37.268547 highest lat m highest lat s highest lat NS N highest long d 116.809234 highest long m highest long s highest long EW W Parks Lake, coord, 32.5678 N, 109.3031 W lowest lowest location lowest country lowest state lowest region lowest district lowest elevation lowest elevation ... Mesa landform is a large, 60 mile 97 km convert 60 mi km 0 long ref Nevada Atlas & Gazetteer ... Mesa Landform Category Mesas Category Landforms of Nevada Category Landforms of Nye County, Nevada ... more details
. The northwest section, thus describes the entire landform as a central, and large valley with an attached ..., trails.com DEFAULTSORT Las Vegas Valley Landform Category Valleys of Nevada Category Landforms ... more details
Image Limans black sea coast.jpeg thumb Landsat satellite photo of limans along the Black Sea coast Image Dnieper 32.03650E 46.60888N.jpg thumb Liman forming the Dnieper River and Southern Bug river estuaries Image Dniester liman.jpeg thumb Dniester Liman forming the Dniester river estuary Liman is a name for a lake , bay , or estuary formed at the mouth of a river where Environmental flow flow is blocked by a Shoal bar of sediment s. Liman can be maritime the bar being created by the current stream current of a sea or fluvial the bar being created by the Environmental flow flow of a bigger river at the confluence . The name is used for such features found along the western and northern coast of the Black Sea , as well as along the lowest part of the Danube . Examples of limans include Lake Varna in Bulgaria , Lake Razelm in Romania and the Dniester Liman in the Ukraine . It has also been used in other places by Russian geographers, for example the Anadyrskiy Liman , in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in far northeastern Siberia and Amur Liman . Etymology The word was borrowed in English from Russian language Russian liman . However, the word came from the Medieval Greek meaning bay or port . The word was spread by Turkic peoples Turks when they occupied the western and northern shore of the Black Sea , with the meaning of harbour and port . In Bulgarian language Bulgarian , Romanian language Romanian , Ukrainian language Ukrainian and Russian language Russian the word defined the particular estuary, Dniester Liman . ref http starling.rinet.ru cgi bin response.cgi?root 2Fusr 2Flocal 2Fshare 2Fstarling 2Fmorpho&morpho 1&basename 5Cusr 5Clocal 5Cshare 5Cstarling 5Cmorpho 5Cvasmer 5Cvasmer&first 1&text word D0 BB D0 B8 D0 BC D0 B0 D0 BD&method word substring&text general &method general substring&text origin &method origin substring&text trubachev &method trubachev substring&text editorial &method editorial substring&text pages &method pages su ... more details
Image Galtagarthayre.jpg right thumb 200px The Ness of Galtagarth is connected to Isle of Yell by an ayre, in the sense of tombolo An ayre is a body of water divided from the sea by a narrow bar of land. The term is derived from an Old Norse word used to depict a lake which is only separated by a narrow strip of low lying land from the sea itself. Examples of an ayre include Vasa Loch and Lairo Water on Shapinsay in the Orkney Islands . Masters, 1840 These ayres have been suggested as food sources for Iron Age man on Shapinsay. Hogan, 2007 Sometimes, the term ayre is used interchangeably for the tombolo associated with the narrow strip of land. Metcalfe, 1896 Ayres are most commonly associated with the Northern Isles Orkney Islands & Shetland Islands of Scotland . The only man made ayre in the Orkney Islands is the Ayre of Cara on South Ronaldsay . South Ronaldsay, 2007 See also Estuary Lagoon Wetland References G.T.Masters, Orkney, Approaches to Kirkwall, HMS official survey map, 1840 1843 http www.megalithic.co.uk article.php?sid 7891 C. Michael Hogan, 7 Oct 2007 Burroughston Broch , The Megalithic Portal, ed. Andy Burnham William Musham Metcalfe and Ruaraidh Erskine eds. 1896 The Scottish Review , J. H. Jackson, Original from the University of Michigan, v. 27 1896 Jan Apr http www.buyorkney.com information orkney guide book 39 south ronaldsay South Ronaldsay Profile 2007 Topography stub coastal geography Category Coastal and oceanic landforms es Ayre geomorfolog a ... more details
Two other uses the city in Ontario Thunder Bay Thunder Bay disambiguation Thunder Bay is a large bay at the western end of Lake Superior . The bay is about 50 km long and 22 km wide. It is bordered to the east by the Sibley Peninsula . Rivers emptying into the bay include the Kaministiquia River Neebing River McIntyre River Current River Ontario Current River MacKenzie River Ontario MacKenzie River 18 km east of the city The harbour at Thunder Bay , Ontario is Canada s westernmost port on the Great Lakes . The Ojibwa called it Animikie , meaning thunder. French explorers called it Baie de Tonnerre which was translated to Thunder Bay in English. NorthernOntario geo stub coord 48 28 N 89 00 W region CA type waterbody source GNS enwiki display title Category Bays of the Great Lakes Category Bays of Ontario Category Geography of Thunder Bay District Category Lake Superior la Sinus Tonitralis pt Ba a de Thunder zh ... more details
banner Z zh q Evenk Autonomous Banner w nk z Z zh q Landform Mountains Ailao Mountains il o Sh n Landform Mountain Sh n Tianmu Mountain Ti nm Sh n Landform Peak Feng Landform Hill .. see List of hills in Hangzhou Landform Island D o Liugong Island Li g ng D o Landform Plateau C oyu n Bashang Plateau B sh ng C oyu n Landform Peninsula b n d o Shandong Peninsula Sh nd ng b n d o Landform Valley Insukati Valley Landform Pass Gu n Kunlun Pass K nl n Gu n Landform Desert Sh m Taklamakan Desert T k l m g n Sh m Landform Gorge Xi Wu Gorge W Xi Landform Beach Landform Basin P nd Tarim Basin T l m P nd Landform Cave D ng Xianren Cave Xi nr n D ng Landform Plain P ngyu n Chengdu Plain Ch ngd P ngyu n Landform Water Glacier b nchu n Mingyong Glacier Landform Water Spring Qu n Baimai Spring B i M i Qu n Landform Water Waterfall P B Hukou Waterfall H K u P B Landform Water River H Huai River Hu i H Landform Water River Ji ng Chang River Ch ng Ji ng Landform Water Lake H Ayding Lake id ng H Landform Water Sea, X Gulf H i Bohai Sea B H i Landform Water Bay W n Bohai Bay B h i W n Landform Water Strait h ixi Taiwan Strait Landform Water Reservoir Zhelin Reservoir Directions West Xi n e.g. West Korea Bay simpl ... more details
Sandspit may refer to Sandspit, British Columbia , a major town on the Queen Charlotte Islands in British Columbia , Canada Sandspit Beach , a major tourist site in Karachi, Pakistan Spit landform in geography, a deposition landform found off coasts disambig ... more details
Photo of The Garden Wall , an arete landform ar te in Glacier National Park U.S. . PD USGov NPS Source URL http www.nps.gov glac gallery parkpics.htm ... more details
Summary SVG diagram of a Spit landform spit to replace the old JPG version. A summary is very cool indeed Licensing PD self date October 2006 ... more details
Pahur may refer to Pahur, Maharashtra , a city in India Guide Rock hill , a landform in the United States, called Pahur in the Pawnee language dab ... more details
Stony Plain may refer to Stony Plain, Alberta , a town in Alberta, Canada Stony Plain Records , a Canadian independent record label Desert pavement Reg Reg , a landform consisting in a vast desertic stony plain disambig ... more details
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