Image LAGEOS NASA.jpg right thumb 200px The LAGEOS 1 satellite. LAGEOS , or Laser Geodynamics Satellites, are a series of scientific research satellite s designed to provide an orbiting satellite laser ranging laser ranging benchmark for geodynamical studies of the Earth. Function and operation The spacecraft are aluminium covered brass spheres with a diameter of 60 cm and a mass of 411 kg, covered with retro reflector s, giving them the appearance of giant golf ball s. They have no onboard sensors or electronics, and are not attitude controlled. They orbit at an altitude of convert 5900 km , ref name LageosQL http space.jpl.nasa.gov msl QuickLooks lageosQL.html LAGEOS 1, 2 Quicklook ... than one inch in thousands of miles. The LAGEOS satellites make it possible to determine positions ... mass to area ratio and the precise, stable attitude independent geometry of the LAGEOS spacecraft ... available. Mission goals The LAGEOS mission consists of the following key goals Provide an accurate ... studying crustal dynamics. There are two LAGEOS spacecraft, LAGEOS 1 launched in 1976, and LAGEOS 2 launched in 1992. As of 2011, both LAGEOS spacecraft are still in service ref http ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov ... s continents in the past, present, and future. ref LageosQL ref Launch data LAGEOS 1, launched 4 May 1976, National Space Science Data Center NSSDC ID 1976 039A, NORAD number 8820 LAGEOS 2 ... count 2 moz column count 2 webkit column count 2 STARSHINE a satellite very much like LAGEOS, contributed ... Pageos Postglacial rebound div Further reading Commonscat LAGEOS Carl Sagan, Murmurs of Earth ... lag1 general.html LAGEOS 1, 2 International Laser Ranging Service http nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov nmc experimentDisplay.do?id 1976 039A 01 LAGEOS 1 page at US National Space Science Data Center http nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov nmc spacecraftDisplay.do?id 1992 070B LAGEOS 2 page at US National Space Science Data ... de LAGEOS es LAGEOS fr LAGEOS it LAGEOS pl LAGEOS ru LAGEOS ... more details
Taxobox name Buzara lageos image Parallelia lageos.JPG image width 100px image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Noctuidae subfamilia Catocalinae genus Buzara species B. lageos binomial Buzara lageos binomial authority Guen e, 1852 synonyms Parallelia lageos small Guen e, 1852 small Naxia lageos small Guen e, 1852 small Dysgonia lageos small Guen e, 1852 small ref Poole, R. W. 1989 . http www.sel.barc.usda.gov 591 spod catalogue search.html Lepidopterorum Catalogus New Series Fascicle 118, Noctuidae . CRC Press. ISBN 0916846458, ISBN 978 0916846459. ref Buzara lageos is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found in Indonesia . References References Category Calpinae Calpinae stub vi Buzara lageos ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2009 Infobox Space mission mission name STS 52 insignia Sts 52 patch.png shuttle Columbia launch pad 39 B launch October 22, 1992, 1 09 39 6433 p.m. EDT. landing November 1, 1992, 9 05 53 a.m. EST, Runway 33, Kennedy Space Center. Fla. duration 9 20 56 13 altitude convert 302 km nmi inclination 28.45 degrees orbits 159 distance convert 6,645,026 km mi crew photo Sts 52 crew.jpg crew caption previous STS 47 Image Sts 47 patch.png 52px STS 47 next STS 53 Image STS 53 patch.svg 35px STS 53 STS 52 was a Space Transportation System Space Shuttle program NASA Space Shuttle mission using orbiter Columbia, and launched 22 October 1992. Crew Spaceflight crew terminology Astronaut position1 Commander crew1 up James D. Wetherbee flights1 up Second position2 Pilot crew2 up Michael A. Baker flights2 up Second position3 Mission Specialist 1 crew3 up Charles L. Veach flights3 up Second position4 Mission Specialist 2 crew4 up William M. Shepherd flights4 up Third position5 Mission Specialist 3 crew5 up Tamara E. Jernigan flights5 up Second position6 Payload Specialist crew6 up Steven G. MacLean flights6 up First agency6 up Canadian Space Agency CSA Mission parameters Mass Orbiter landing with payload convert 97,201 kg Payload convert 8,078 kg Perigee convert 304 km Apogee convert 307 km Inclination 28.5 Orbital period Period 90.6 min Mission highlights Image STS 52 LAGEOS II deployment.jpg thumb left 225px LAGEOS II deployment Image STS 52 CANEX 2 experiment.jpg thumb left 225px CANEX 2 grappled by the RMS Primary mission objectives were deployment of the Laser Geodynamic Satellite II LAGEOS II and operation of the U.S. Microgravity Payload 1 USMP 1 . LAGEOS II, a joint effort between NASA and the Italian Space Agency ASI , was deployed on day 2 and boosted into an initial elliptical orbit by ASI s Italian Research Interim Stage IRIS . The spacecraft s apogee kick motor later circularized LAGEOS orbit at its operational altitude of 3,666 miles. The USMP 1, act ... more details
of Frame Dragging by Spin with Satellite Laser Ranging to LAGEOS, LAGEOS 2 and LARES and GRACE Gravity ... to the existing LAGEOS satellites, being, thus, more sensitive to a larger number of even zonal harmonic ... title Towards a One Percent Measurement of Frame Dragging by Spin with Satellite Laser Ranging to LAGEOS, LAGEOS 2 and LARES and GRACE Gravity Models last Ciufolini first I. coauthors Paolozzi, A Pavlis ... also Satellite geodesy Project Echo PAGEOS LAGEOS STARSHINE References reflist External links http www.asi.it ... more details
proposed to launch a passive, geodetic satellite in an orbit identical to that of the LAGEOS satellite ... of LAGEOS and of the new spacecraft, later named LAGEOS III, LARES, WEBER SAT. Although extensively ... ASI Study on Measuring the Lense&ndash Thirring Precession Using a Second LAGEOS Satellite, CSR 89 ... L. authorlink coauthors Lucchesi, D. M. year 2003 month title LAGEOS type Satellites in Critical Supplementary ... to use the LAGEOS satellite and the Satellite Laser Ranging Satellite laser ranging SLR technique ... performed by using the LAGEOS and LAGEOS II satellites in 1996, ref Ciufolini, I., Lucchesi ... combination of the nodes of both satellites and the perigee of LAGEOS II . The latest tests with the LAGEOS ... the perigee of LAGEOS II and using a linear combination ref Pavlis, E.C., Geodetic contributions ... of the general relativistic Lense Thirring effect with the LAGEOS and LAGEOS II satellites ... the Lense&ndash Thirring effect with the LAGEOS satellites, New Astron. , 10 , 603&ndash 615, 2005 ... Using the Nodes of the LAGEOS Satellites in reply to On the reliability of the so far performed tests for measuring the Lense&ndash Thirring effect with the LAGEOS satellites by L. Iorio, New Astron ... variations on the Lense&ndash Thirring effect measurement with the two Lageos satellites, Int. J. of Mod ... of the Lense&ndash Thirring effect with the LAGEOS satellites, J. of Geodesy , 80 , 128&ndash 136, 2006 ... of the LAGEOS satellites, in reply to On the reliability of the so far performed tests for measuring the Lense&ndash Thirring effect with the LAGEOS satellites by L. Iorio, by I. Ciufolini and E. Pavlis ... coauthors year 2010 month February title Conservative evaluation of the uncertainty in the LAGEOSLAGEOS II Lense&ndash Thirring test journal Centr. Eur. J. Phys. volume 8 issue 1 pages 25 32 doi ... report on X ray observations http xxx.lanl.gov abs gr qc 9704065 Ciufolini et al. LAGEOS paper ... kolena framedrag.html Press release regarding LAGEOS study http cddisa.gsfc.nasa.gov lw13 lw proceedings.html ... more details
Taxobox image regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Noctuidae genus Buzara genus authority Buzara is a genus of moth s of the Noctuidae family. A number of species where formerly placed in the Dysgonia genus. Species Buzara circumducta small Warren, 1912 small Buzara chrysomela small Walker, 1864 small syn Buzara eurychrysa small Meyrick, 1889 small , Buzara gestroi small Oberthuer, 1880 small Buzara feneratrix small Guen e, 1852 small Buzara forceps small Kobes, 1985 small Buzara frontinus small Donovan, 1805 small Buzara infractafinis small Lucas, 1894 small Buzara lageos small Guen e, 1852 small Buzara latizona small Butler, 1874 small Buzara lua small Strand, 1816 small Buzara luteipalpis small Walker small Buzara onelia small Guen e, 1852 small Buzara propyrrha small Walker, 1858 small Buzara roulera small Swinhoe, 1909 small Buzara pseudoumbrosa small small Buzara saikehi small small Buzara umbrosa small Walker, 1865 small References http www.nhm.ac.uk jdsml research curation projects butmoth GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL &FAMILYqtype starts with&FAMILY noctuidae&SUBFAMILYqtype starts with&SUBFAMILY &TRIBEqtype starts with&TRIBE &SUBTRIBEqtype starts with&SUBTRIBE &GENUSqtype starts with&GENUS &AUTHORqtype starts with&AUTHOR &YEARqtype equals&YEAR &sort GENUS Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database http www.mothsofborneo.com part 15 16 ophiusini ophiusini 7.php Genus info Category Calpinae Calpinae stub pt Buzara vi Buzara ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2009 A geodetic network is a network of triangle s which are measured exactly by techniques of terrestrial surveying or by satellite geodesy . In classical geodesy up to the sixties this is done by triangulation , based on measurements of angle s and of some spare distances the precise orientation to the geographic north is achieved through methods of geodetic astronomy . The principal instruments used are theodolite s and tacheometer s, which nowadays are equipped with infrared distance measuring, data base s, communication systems and partly by satellite links. Electronics Electronic distance measurement EDM was introduced around 1960, when the prototype instruments became small enough to be used in the field. EDM increased network accuracy accuracies up to 1 1 million 1 cm per 10 km today at least 10 times better , and made surveying less costly. The geodetic use of satellite s began around the same time. By using bright satellites like Echo satellite Echo I , Echo II and Pageos , global networks were determined, which later provided support for the theory of plate tectonics . Another important improvement was the introduction of radio and electronic satellites like Geos Geos A and B 1965 70 , of the Transit satellite Transit system Doppler effect 1967 1990 &mdash which was the predecessor of GPS and of laser techniques like Lageos USA or Starlette F . Despite the use of spacecraft, small networks for cadastral and Technology technical projects are mainly measured terrestrially, but in many cases incorporated in national and global networks by satellite geodesy. Nowadays, several hundred geodetic satellites are in orbit, supplemented by a large number of remote sensing satellites and navigation systems like GPS and Glonass , which will be followed by the European Galileo satellite navigation Galileo satellites in 2013. While these developments have made satellite based geodetic network surveying more flexible and cost effective than its te ... more details
the height of water of earth s oceans. http sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov LAGEOS 1&2 style background cfc Active NASA 1976 LAGEOS 1 launched in 1976, LAGEOS 2, launched in 1992 used for orbiting benchmark ... more details
analyses of the laser ranging data obtained by the two LAGEOS satellites, published in 1997 and 2004 ... with the two LAGEOS satellites has likely been greatly underestimated. ref cite journal last ... effect with the LAGEOS satellites journal New Astronomy volume 10 pages 603 615 year 2005 doi 10.1016 ... test of the Lense Thirring effect with the LAGEOS satellites journal Journal of Geodesy volume ... to On the measurement of the Lense Thirring effect using the nodes of the LAGEOS satellites, in reply to On the reliability of the so far performed tests for measuring the Lense Thirring effect with the LAGEOS ... L. title Conservative evaluation of the uncertainty in the LAGEOSLAGEOS II Lense Thirring test journal ... more details
date accessdate 2009 12 08 ref Retroreflectors in Earth orbit LAGEOS , or Laser Geodynamics ... laser ranging benchmark for geodynamical studies of the Earth. There are two LAGEOS spacecraft LAGEOS 1 launched in 1976 , and LAGEOS 2 launched in 1992 . They use cube corner retroreflectors made of fused silica glass. As of 2004, both LAGEOS spacecraft are still in service. Retroreflectors and invisibility ... more details
Radar Topography Mission with NASA. In October 1992 NASA launched LAGEOSLAGEOS 2 following LAGEOS ... the Vega rocket. The mission is designed to carry out similar studies to that of LAGEOS 2 but with much ... more details
the orbital motion of satellites and has been detected by LAGEOS satellite motion. ref name yoder etal 1983 cite journal last Yoder first C. F. coauthors et al. year 1983 title J2 dot from Lageos ... of the satellite LAGEOS ref name yoder etal 1983 and is generally attributed to glacial ... more details
in motion around a central rotating mass like, e.g., a planet or a star, have been performed with the LAGEOS ... of the uncertainty in the LAGEOSLAGEOS II Lense Thirring test journal Central European Journal of Physics ... more details
Infobox Government agency agency name George C. Marshall Space Flight Center nativename nativename a nativename r logo NASA logo.svg logo width 100px seal seal width picture Msfc aerial view.jpg picture width 220px picture caption Aerial view of the test area at MSFC formed July 1, 1960 preceding1 Redstone Arsenal date1 date1 name date2 date2 name preceding1 preceding2 parent agency NASA jurisdiction U.S. federal government headquarters Redstone Arsenal , Alabama latd 34 latm 39 lats 3 latNS N longd 86 longm 40 longs 22 longEW W employees budget chief1 name Robert M. Lightfoot, Jr. chief1 position director child2 agency website http www.nasa.gov centers marshall home index.html Marshall home page footnotes map map width 180px map caption The George C. Marshall Space Flight Center MSFC is the Federal government of the United States U.S. government s civilian rocket ry and spacecraft propulsion research center. The largest center of NASA , MSFC s first mission was developing the Saturn rocket family Saturn launch vehicles for the Apollo program Apollo moon program . Marshall is today the agency s lead center for Space Shuttle propulsion and its Space Shuttle external tank external tank payloads and related crew training International Space Station ISS design and assembly and computers, networks, and information management. Located on the Redstone Arsenal near Huntsville, Alabama , MSFC is named in honor of General of the Army United States General of the Army George Marshall . The center also contains the Huntsville Operations Support Center HOSC , a facility that supports Space Shuttle launch, payload and experiment activities at the Kennedy Space Center , ISS launch and experiment operations. The HOSC also monitors rocket launches from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station when a Marshall Center payload is on board. History After the end of the war with Germany in May 1945, a program was initiated to bring to the United States a number of scientist and engineers who had ... more details
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