Confusing date November 2009 Karyopherins are a group of protein s involved in transport protein transporting molecules through the nuclear pore pore s of the nuclear envelope the membrane around a Cell biology cell s nucleus cell nucleus . Karyopherins, which may act as importin s or exportin s , are part of the Importin super family which all share a similar three dimensional structure. They belong to http www.tcdb.org tcdb index.php?tc 9.A.14 9.A.14 The Nuclear Pore Complex Family in TCDB . Cycle For example, importin beta adapter cargo protein cytoplasm karyoplasm importin beta adapter RanGTP karyoplasm cytoplasm Ran GTP RanGDP P Importin beta alone can carry proteins into the nucleus ref Poon, I. K. H. and D. A. Jans 2005 . Regulation of nuclear transport Central role in development and transformation? Traffic 6 3 173 186. ref Genes KPNA1 KPNA2 KPNA3 KPNA4 KPNA5 KPNA6 KPNB1 Additional images gallery Image RanGTPcycle.png The Ran GTP cycle gallery References Reflist External links MeshName Karyopherins http jkweb.berkeley.edu external pdb 1998 kap alpha kap alpha.html Illustrations at berkeley.edu http sspatel.googlepages.com nuclearporecomplex Karyopherin animations http sspatel.googlepages.com nuclearporecomplex2 Karyopherin illustrations Membrane transport proteins Category Transport proteins protein stub an Carioferina fr Karyoph rine ... more details
G, Radu A title Mammalian karyopherin alpha 1 beta and alpha 2 beta heterodimers alpha 1 or alpha ... protein of uncertain function is karyopherin alpha and together with karyopherin beta docks ... journal author Gallay P, Stitt V, Mundy C, et al. title Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency ... more details
cite web title Entrez Gene KPNA2 karyopherin alpha 2 RAG cohort 1, importin alpha 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... Karyopherin alpha 2 has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with SGK , ref name pmid12631736 ..., Van De Ven Wim J M, Voz Marianne L year 2002 month May. title Identification of a karyopherin alpha ... and interaction of its SH3 domain with karyopherin alpha Rch1alpha journal Int. Immunol. volume 13 ... G, Radu A title Mammalian karyopherin alpha 1 beta and alpha 2 beta heterodimers alpha 1 or alpha 2 ... V, Mundy C, et al. title Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nuclear ... more details
Importin alpha , or karyopherin alpha proteins are involved in the import of proteins into the cell nucleus . They are a sub family of karyopherin proteins. ref cite journal last K hler first M authorlink coauthors Speck C, Christiansen M, Bischoff F R, Prehn S, Haller H, G rlich D, Hartmann E year 1999 month Nov. title Evidence for distinct substrate specificities of importin alpha family members in nuclear protein import journal Mol. Cell. Biol. volume 19 issue 11 pages 7782 91 publisher location UNITED STATES issn 0270 7306 pmid 10523667 pmc 84838 bibcode oclc id url language format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref References references Uncategorized date February 2011 ... more details
Importin is a type of protein that moves other protein molecules into the cell nucleus nucleus by binding to a specific recognition sequence, called the nuclear localization signal NLS . Importin is classified as a karyopherin . ref http big.mcw.edu display.php 1053.html ref ref name pmid8001116 cite journal author G rlich D, Prehn S, Laskey RA, Hartmann E title Isolation of a protein that is essential for the first step of nuclear protein import journal Cell volume 79 issue 5 pages 767 78 year 1994 pmid 8001116 doi 10.1016 0092 8674 94 90067 1 ref Importin has two subunits, importin and importin . Of these, importin binds to the NLS of the protein to be imported to the nucleus whereas importin helps in the docking of the importin heterodimer bound protein to the nuclear pore complex . The NLS Importin Importin trimer dissociates after binding to Ran biology Ran GTP inside the nucleus. ref name pmid9759490 cite journal author Mattaj IW, Englmeier L title Nucleocytoplasmic transport the soluble phase journal Annu. Rev. Biochem. volume 67 issue pages 265 306 year 1998 pmid 9759490 doi 10.1146 annurev.biochem.67.1.265 ref Genes Importin Gene IPO4 , IPO7 , Gene IPO8 , IPO9 , Gene IPO11 , Gene IPO13 Karyopherin KPNA1 , KPNA2 , KPNA3 , KPNA4 , KPNA5 , KPNA6 Karyopherin KPNB1 References Reflist 2 External links MeshName Importins Category transport proteins protein stub Membrane transport proteins an Importina de Importin ja pt Importina zh ... more details
complex karyopherin beta2 Ran x GppNHp journal Nature journal Nature volume 399 issue 6733 pages ... Oct. title Karyopherin beta 2B participates in mRNA export from the nucleus journal PNAS Proc. Natl ... cite journal author Moroianu J, Hijikata M, Blobel G, Radu A title Mammalian karyopherin alpha 1 beta ... L, et al. title Nuclear import of hnRNP A1 is mediated by a novel cellular cofactor related to karyopherin ... through the recognition of integrase by the importin karyopherin pathway. journal Proc. Natl. Acad ... more details
suggests that karyopherin alpha 3 may be involved in the nuclear transport system. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene KPNA3 karyopherin alpha 3 importin alpha 4 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ..., Stitt V, Mundy C, et al. title Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type ... karyopherin pathway. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 94 issue 18 pages 9825 30 year ... more details
known as karyopherin s. Importin alpha binds the NLS containing cargo in the cytoplasm and importin ... karyopherin importin beta 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch ... G, Radu A year 1997 month Sep. title RanGTP mediated nuclear export of karyopherin alpha involves ... A, Blobel G year 1997 month May. title Karyopherin beta2 mediates nuclear import of a mRNA binding protein ... laysource laydate quote doi 10.1073 pnas.94.10.5055 pmc 24630 ref Karyopherin alpha 1 , ref name pmid10523667 ... Karyopherin alpha 2 , ref name pmid11283257 cite journal last Nagoshi first E authorlink coauthors ... promote the interaction of Ran with p97 beta karyopherin, linking the docking and translocation steps ... Ran GTP dissociates the karyopherin alphabeta heterodimer by displacing alpha from an overlapping binding ... Karyopherin beta2 mediates nuclear import of a mRNA binding protein. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. ... more details
nuclear export of karyopherin alpha involves its interaction with the nucleoporin Nup153 journal PNAS ... first N authorlink coauthors Moroianu J, Radu A, Blobel G year 1997 month May. title Karyopherin beta2 ... Nup98 is a site for GDP GTP exchange on ran and termination of karyopherin beta 2 mediated ... author Yaseen NR, Blobel G title Cloning and characterization of human karyopherin beta3. journal ... pmc 20743 cite journal author Bonifaci N, Moroianu J, Radu A, Blobel G title Karyopherin ... title The nucleoporin Nup98 is a site for GDP GTP exchange on ran and termination of karyopherin beta ... more details
Refimprove date January 2009 A membrane transport protein or simply transporter is a membrane protein ref MeshName Membrane transport proteins ref involved in the movement of ion s, small molecule s, or macromolecule s, such as another protein across a biological membrane . Transport proteins are integral membrane protein s that is they exist within and span the membrane across which they transport substances. The proteins may assist in the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion or active transport . These mechanisms of action are known as carrier mediated transport . ref http www.answers.com topic carrier mediated transport Carrier mediated transport , Answers.com ref Types Image Scheme facilitated diffusion in cell membrane en.svg right thumb 400px Facilitated diffusion Grouped by Transporter Classification database categories 1 Channels Pores facilitated diffusion 2 Electrochemical Potential driven transporters Mitochondrial membrane transport protein Glucose transporter Neurotransmitter transporter s Glutamate transporter Glutamate aspartate transporter s GABA transporter s Glycine transporter s Monoamine transporter s, including Dopamine transporter DAT Norepinephrine transporter NET Serotonin transporter SERT Vesicular monoamine transporter s VMAT Equilibrative nucleoside transporter Adenosine transporter s Vesicular acetylcholine transporter VAChT 3 Primary Active Transporters ATP binding cassette transporter genes P glycoprotein CD98 V ATPase Ion transporter s Na K ATPase Plasma membrane Ca2 ATPase Plasma membrane Ca sup 2 sup ATPase Proton pump Hydrogen potassium ATPase Sodium chloride symporter 4 Co transporters Symporters Symporters transport two or more ions together in the same direction. 9 Incompletely Characterized Transport Systems 9.A.50 Karyopherin Ungrouped CD36 See also Carrier protein Co transport Cotransport Cotransporter Ion channel P loop Solute carrier family classification TC number classification Vesicular transport protein Wikipe ... more details
C, et al. title Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nuclear ... HIV 1 infection of nondividing cells through the recognition of integrase by the importin karyopherin ... more details
transcription factors are imported into the nucleus by karyopherin 13 journal Mol. Cell. Biol. volume ... Paired type homeodomain transcription factors are imported into the nucleus by karyopherin 13. journal ..., Gagnon S, et al. title A novel karyopherin beta homolog is developmentally and hormonally regulated ... more details
localization sequence recognition by karyopherin beta 2 journal Cell journal Cell volume 126 ... as transportin or karyopherin 2 , which then translocates the cargo protein into the nucleus. The structural ... of the specific yet versatile recognition of distinct nuclear localization signals by karyopherin ... import factor karyopherin alpha journal Cell journal Cell volume 94 issue 2 pages 193 204 year ... translated with a NLS will bind strongly to importin aka karyopherin , and together, the complex will move ... more details
. title Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nuclear import. journal ... of nondividing cells through the recognition of integrase by the importin karyopherin pathway. journal ... more details
Cloning and characterization of human karyopherin beta3. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume ... author Moroianu J, Blobel G, Radu A title RanGTP mediated nuclear export of karyopherin alpha involves ... AM, Macara IG title Exportin 5, a novel karyopherin, mediates nuclear export of double stranded ... more details
PBB geneid 57510 Exportin 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XPO5 gene . ref name pmid11777942 cite journal author Brownawell AM, Macara IG title Exportin 5, a novel karyopherin, mediates nuclear export of double stranded RNA binding proteins journal J Cell Biol volume 156 issue 1 pages 53 64 year 2002 month Jan pmid 11777942 pmc 2173575 doi 10.1083 jcb.200110082 ref ref name pmid12426392 cite journal author Bohnsack MT, Regener K, Schwappach B, Saffrich R, Paraskeva E, Hartmann E, Gorlich D title Exp5 exports eEF1A via tRNA from nuclei and synergizes with other transport pathways to confine translation to the cytoplasm journal EMBO J volume 21 issue 22 pages 6205 15 year 2002 month Nov pmid 12426392 pmc 137205 doi 10.1093 emboj cdf613 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene XPO5 exportin 5 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 57510 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Exportin 5 belongs to a large family of karyopherins see MIM 602738 that mediate the transport of proteins and other cargo between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. supplied by OMIM ref name entrez Interactions XPO5 has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with ILF3 ref name pmid11777942 cite journal last Brownawell first Amy M authorlink coauthors Macara Ian G year 2002 month Jan. title Exportin 5, a novel karyopherin, mediates nuclear export of double stranded RNA binding proteins journal J. Cell Biol. volume 156 issue 1 pages 53 64 publisher location United States issn 0021 9525 pmid 11777942 doi 10.1083 jcb.200110082 bibcode oclc id url language format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote pmc 2173575 ref and Ran biology . ref name pmid11777942 References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, ... more details
PBB geneid 10124 ADP ribosylation factor like protein 4A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARL4A gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene ARL4A ADP ribosylation factor like 4A url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 10124 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text ADP ribosylation factor like 4A is a member of the ADP ribosylation factor family of GTP binding proteins. ARL4A is similar to ARL4C and ARL4D and each has a nuclear localization signal and an unusually high guaninine nucleotide exchange rate. ARL4A is located in both the nuclear and extranuclear cell compartments. Multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. ref name entrez Interactions ARL4A has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with Karyopherin alpha 2 . ref name pmid10980193 cite journal last Lin first C Y authorlink coauthors Huang P H, Liao W L, Cheng H J, Huang C F, Kuo J C, Patton W A, Massenburg D, Moss J, Lee F J year 2000 month Dec. title ARL4, an ARF like protein that is developmentally regulated and localized to nuclei and nucleoli journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 275 issue 48 pages 37815 23 publisher location UNITED STATES issn 0021 9258 pmid 10980193 doi 10.1074 jbc.M002470200 bibcode oclc id url language format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Robertson NG, Khetarpal U, Guti rrez Espeleta GA, et al. title Isolation of novel and known genes from a human fetal cochlear cDNA library using subtractive hybridization and differential screening. journal Genomics volume 23 issue 1 pages 42 50 year 1995 pmid 7829101 doi 10.1006 geno.1994.1457 cite journal author Jacobs S, Schilf C, Fliegert F, et al. title ADP ribosylation factor ARF like 4, 6, an ... more details
import of RCC1 requires a specific nuclear localization sequence receptor, karyopherin alpha3 ... and termination of karyopherin beta 2 mediated nuclear import. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 275 issue ... more details
author Yaseen NR, Blobel G title Cloning and characterization of human karyopherin beta3. journal ... pmc 20743 cite journal author Bonifaci N, Moroianu J, Radu A, Blobel G title Karyopherin ... more details
of proteins across the nuclear envelope by interacting with karyopherin s and changing ... Jan. title Exportin 5, a novel karyopherin, mediates nuclear export of double stranded RNA binding proteins ... coauthors Blobel G year 1999 month May. title Structure of the nuclear transport complex karyopherin ... Aurelian year 2002 month Oct. title Karyopherin beta 2B participates in mRNA export from the nucleus ... more details
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