unreferenced date September 2007 Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Kabardin ASSR , lang ru was the name given to Kabardino Balkar ASSR after deportation of the Balkar s. In 1957 the old name was restored. See also Kabardino Balkaria Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union Category Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union Category Kabardino Balkaria Category States and territories established in 1944 soviet stub bg de Kabardinische Autonome Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik pl Kabardyjska Autonomiczna Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka ru tl Nagsasariling Sosyalistikong Republikang Soviet ng Kabardin ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Kabardino Balkar Autonomous Oblast was formed in 1921 as the Kabardin Autonomous Oblast . It was renamed in 1922. Autonomous Oblasts of the Soviet Union Category Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union Category States and territories established in 1921 Soviet stub br OE Kabardin Balkar fr Oblast autonome de Kabardino Balkarie pl Kabardo Ba karski Obw d Autonomiczny fi Kabardi Balkarian autonominen alue ... more details
. ref name The Kabardin After the 1917 Russian Revolution of 1917 Russian Revolution , the numbers of Kabarda ... http www.equinekingdom.com breeds light horses kabardin.htm Kabardin . Equine Kingdom . Referenced ... when the horses are kept stabled. ref name The Kabardin Sub Types There are three main subtypes of the Kabarda ... type described above. ref name The Kabardin Uses The Kabarda horse has been bred for stony and mountainous ... make hay on steep slopes by hitching Kabardas to horse drawn mowers. ref name The Kabardin ... Circassians Equine state collapsed de Kabardiner Pferd fr Kabardin pl Ko kabardy ski pt Cabardino cavalo sv Kabardin hu Kabardini ... more details
The Digor lang os are a subgroup of the Ossetians . The majority of them practice Sunni Islam and have been influenced in their religion by the Kabardin . See also Ossetians North Ossetia Alania Digor dialect Sources Wixman. The Peoples of the USSR , p. 58 Category Ossetian people Category Ethnic groups in Russia Category Muslim communities of Russia Category Muslim communities os he ru ... more details
Balkaria . Significant populations of Kabardin are found in Turkey and Georgia country Georgia ... in Turkey are concentrated on Uzunyayla plateau of Kayseri Province . Most Kabardin are Sunni Muslim s. However, Kabardin speakers living in Mozdoksky District in the North Ossetia Alania Republic ... more details
Infobox Film name Mother image image size caption director Gleb Panfilov producer Lionello Santi writer Gleb Panfilov br Maxim Gorky narrator starring Inna Churikova music cinematography Mikhail Agranovich editing E. Galinka distributor released 1989 runtime 200 minutes country Film USSR language Russian budget preceded by followed by Mother lang ru , translit Mat , also known as Zapreshchyonnye lyudi is a 1989 in film 1989 cinema of the Soviet Union Soviet drama film directed by Gleb Panfilov . It was entered into the 1990 Cannes Film Festival . ref name festival cannes.com cite web url http www.festival cannes.com en archives ficheFilm id 168 year 1990.html title Festival de Cannes Mother accessdate 2009 08 05 work festival cannes.com ref Cast Inna Churikova Viktor Rakov Liubomiras Lauciavicius Aleksandr Shishonok as Sasha Shishonok Dmitri Pevtsov Aleksandr Karin Ivan Kabardin as Vanya Kabardin Vladimir Prozorov Vladimir Fateyev as Volodya Fateyev Olga Shukshina Antonella Interlenghi Andrei Rostotsky Vyacheslav Bogachyov Innokenti Smoktunovsky Andrei Miagkov Mario Adorf References reflist External links imdb title id 0097848 title Mother CinemaofSovietUnion Category 1989 films Category Soviet films Category Russian language films Category 1980s drama films Category Films directed by Gleb Panfilov USSR film stub ru , 1990 ... more details
original state very long. Already on September 1, 1921 Kabardin Okrug was split from the ASSR as separate Kabardin Autonomous Okrug , subordinated directly to the RSFSR. Next came Karachay Okrug ... more details
Cleanup date June 2007 Unreferenced date February 2007 Begin Infobox Horse. The text of the article should go AFTER this section. Infobox Horse name Tersk image image caption features altname nickname country Russia group1 std1 End Infobox Horse info. Article Begins Here The Tersk is a breed of horse , developed in Russia in the 1920s. Breed History The Tersk was first developed in the 1920s and 1940s at the Tersk Stud Tersk and Stavropol Studs in the Northern Caucasus mountains in Russia. Marshal Semyon Budyonny S. M. Budyonny who the Budyonny horse Budyonny breed is named after had great input on the breed. The Tersk was formed mainly from the Strelets Arabians, bred at the Strelets stud in Ukraine and virtually extinct by the 1920s. The Strelets was produced by crossing pure Arabian horse Arabians with high quality Orlov Trotter s and Anglo Arabian s. A little Thoroughbred blood was also added. The resulting horse had an Arabian look, but was larger than the pure breds. The remaining Strelets, including the two stallions Tsenitel and Tsilindr, were taken to the Tersk Stud in an attempt to increase their numbers. At the stud, the stallions were mated with Arabian horse Arabian , Russian Don Don , Strelets, Kabarda, and various cross bred mares, including Strelets x Kabardin and Arabian horse Arabian x Russian Don Don . Early crosses produced a successful Arabian type horse. It was further improved by three Arabian stallions Marosh, Nasim, and Koheilan. The Tersk has also been continually improved by Kabardin , Thoroughbred , Arabian horse Arabian , and Russian Don blood. By 1948, the breed was officially recognized. The horses are known for their endurance, demonstrated when several horses were entered in a 192 mile ride and every Tersk finished in good time and shape, and so are good for endurance riding . The Tersk s graceful Arabian stride makes them good for dressage , and their bold nature and athleticism suits them for show jumping . They are also very fast, ... more details
Nofootnotes date June 2008 Begin Infobox Horse. The text of the article should go AFTER this section. See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Template talk Infobox Horse for full explanation of the syntax used in this template. Infobox Horse name Anglo Kabarda image AngloKabardiner.jpg image caption Anglo Kabarda mare features altname nickname country Russia group1 std1 group2 std2 End Infobox Horse info. Article Begins Here The Anglo Kabarda or Anglo Kabardin also known as the Anglo Kabardinskaya porodnaya gruppa is a list of horse breeds breed of horse that is a crossbreeding cross between the Kabarda horse Kabarda and the Thoroughbred . Representatives of the breed may have between 25 percent and 75 percent Thoroughbred blood. The cross was developed beginning in the 1920s and 1930s to produce a horse that was larger and faster than the native Kabarda, but adapted to the climate of the northern Caucasus region of Russia and able to maneuver in mountainous terrain. In appearance the breed more closely resembles the Thoroughbred than the Kabarda, and has been used as saddle horses both locally in the Caucasus mountains and to compete in international Equestrian at the Summer Olympics Olympic events . References Anglo Kabarda. Breeds of Livestock, Oklahoma State University. Web site accessed June 18, 2007 at http www.ansi.okstate.edu breeds horses anglokabarda index.htm commons Anglo Kabarda Category Horse breeds Horse stub Equine state collapsed fr Anglo kabarde sv Anglokabarda ... more details
The Congress of the Peoples of the East was held in Baku in September 1920. The congress was first planned by Mirs yet Soltan liev and the National Communism National Communists . However Stalin prevented Soltan liev from attending the congress, fearing that he would help consolidate his wing of the communist movement. Citation needed date November 2009 It was attended by John Reed journalist John Reed . Manabendra Nath Roy refused to go, dismissing it as Grigory Zinoviev Zinoviev s circus . ref http www.europe solidaire.org spip.php?article3638 Sultan Galiev a forgotten precursor Socialism and the National Question by Maxime Rodinson , accessed 16 March 2008 ref However Abani Mukherji did attend. The statutes of Erk Party ERK where drawn up during this congress. Attendance by nationality Div col cols 3 Turks 235 Persian people Persians and Farsis 192 Armenians 157 Russians 104 Georgians 100 Chechens 82 Tajiks 61 Kyrgyz people Kirghizes 47 Jews 41 Turkmens 35 Kumyks 33 Lezgins Lesghians 25 Ossetians 17 Uzbeks 15 Indian diaspora Indians 14 Ingushes 13 Jamshidis 12 Hazaras 11 Sarts 10 Kabardin Kabardians 9 Chinese people Chinese 8 Kurds 8 Caucasian Avars Avars 7 Poles 5 Hungarians 3 Germans 3 Kalmucks 3 Koreans 3 Arabs 3 Tekintsi 2 Abkhazians 2 Bashkirs 1 Ukrainians 1 Croats 1 Czechs 1 Latvians 1 Div col end Total 1275 Total number attending the Congress 1891 of whom, Communists 1273 No nationality stated 266 Did not complete above questionnaire 100 Total number of women delegates 55 ref http www.marxists.org history international comintern baku index.htm List ref References reflist A complete index of speeches and transcripts may be found here http www.marxists.org history international comintern baku index.htm DEFAULTSORT Congress Of The Peoples Of The East Category History of Central Asia Category Central Asian studies it Congresso di Baku ... more details
Sergei Prokofiev wrote his String Quartet No. 2 in F Major Op. 92 in 1941. Background Prokofiev, along with other Soviet artists, was evacuated from the major cities when the Nazis broke their non aggression pact and invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. On August 8, 1941, Prokofiev traveled to Nalchik with other artists, among them his friend, musician Myaskovsky, actors, such as Chechov s widow, and others. Prokofiev stayed in the town of Nalchik, the provincial capital of the Kabardino Balkar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Kabardino Balkar Autonomous SSR , in the North Caucasus, about 900 miles south of Moscow bordered by the European Russia, Turkey, and the Black and Caspian Seas . During this stay, Prokofiev was told by a government official to write a quartet using Kabardin o Balkars Balkar folk themes ref Baron, John H. 1998 . Google books zTnCZJcfP6kC Intimate Music A History of the Idea of Chamber Music , p. 401 ref and wrote this string quartet, with themes based on folk tunes, rhythms and textures. This quartet, along with the first, has entered the repertory of many string quartets. Movements The string quartet, lasting for 20 25 minutes, is in three movements Allegro sostenuto Adagio Allegro Andante Molto Allegro I Analysis Prokofiev utilized Kabardino Balkar folk themes in his string quartet, while at the same retaining his unique style of harmonization. The folk music character is made evident by the string quartet s imitation of oriental plucked and percussion instruments, combined with resourceful use of sonic effects. The background accompaniment in the second movement attempts to imitate the playing of a Caucasian stringed instrument, the kjamantchi . Nikolai Myaskovsky , Prokofiev s close friend, wrote two works on Kabardino Balkar themes, his 23rd symphony and 7th string quartet. The symphony shares a theme with the finale of Prokofiev s quartet. Premiere 7 April 1942, Beethoven Quartet, Moscow or September 5, 1942, Beethoven Quartet, Moscow, ... more details
The North Caucasus is the homeland of the Circassians . The region stretches along the high peaks of the Caucasus Caucasian mountain range at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, bounded by Russia from the north and the Middle East from the south. From 1763 to 1864 the Circassians fought against the Russians in the Russian Circassian War only succumbing to a scorched earth campaign initiated in 1862 under General Yevdokimov. On 2 June 1864 21 May 1864 Old Style O.S. , the Russian Tsar Aleksandr II declared that the war has ended with the occupation of Circassian land. The Czar approved a decision to deport and exile the entire Circassian people. In 1914, Nicholas II celebrated the 50th anniversary of the defeat of the Circassians as one of the empire s greatest victories. Boris Yeltsin , however, when signing a peace treaty with Chechnya in the first Chechen War of Independence acknowledged in 1996 that the war in the North Caucasus had lasted 400 years and was a tragedy. In Soviet times, Stalin subdivided the remaining Circassians in the North Caucasus into a series of ethnic groups the Adyghe people Adyghe the self designation of most Circassians , the Cherkess , the Kabardin , the Shapsugs , and several others as extension of the classic Divide and rule divide and rule policy. In 1990, the Circassians designated the 21st of May as the national Day of Mourning, on which they commemorate the tragedy of the nation. More than 1.5 million Circassians were expelled &mdash 90 of the total population at the time. Most of them perished en route, victims of disease, hunger, and exhaustion. They were dispersed all over the world. Some traveled 3000 km on foot or on ox carts. Some roamed for 25 years before settling down. Today over 4 million Circassians live outside their homeland in over 40 countries across of the world. Many Circassians remember their ancestors who had survived the Circassian Genocide to suffer the miseries of the deportation. External links http www.c ... more details
Politics of Abkhazia Parliamentary elections were held in the unrecognized state unrecognized Republic of Abkhazia on 24 November 1996. 30 of the 35 seats were filled in the election with the other five being filled in Two round system run off elections two weeks later. At the same time refugees in Georgia country Georgia held a referendum to declare that elections in Abkhazia were invalid. Election The election was held in order to replace the former Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Abkhaz Autonomous Republic s Supreme Soviet which had split during the Georgian Abkhazian conflict in 1993 with 28 deputies continuing in Abkhazia as the Abkhaz Supreme Soviet . The remaining 24 formed a parliament in exile in Georgia. ref name referendum cite web url http www.jamestown.org print friendly.php?volume id 20&issue id 1194&article id 11817 title ABKHAZ ELECTION OFFSET BY REFUGEE REFERENDUM accessdate 2008 07 04 date December 2006 publisher The Jamestown Foundation Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref In order to be elected a candidate had to obtain over 50 of the vote. Voters received a list of candidates and crossed off all the names but that of the candidate they preferred. ref name report cite web url http www.abkhazia.org phrgrep.html 6 title The elections in Abkhazia and the prospects for peace Report on visit to Georgia Abkhazia, November 21 28, 1996 accessdate 2008 07 04 date 1996 11 26 publisher Parliamentary Human Rights Group ref The electoral commission of Abkhazia reported that there was an 81 Voter turnout turnout among the electorate. 19 Abkhaz people Abkhaz , 4 Russians , 3 Armenians , 2 Georgians , 1 Greeks Greek and 1 Kabardin were elected. ref name report In advance of the election international organisation s and major countries declared that the election was invalid. ref name referendum Referendum In response to the election Georgia organised a referendum among refugees from Abkhazia. The Georgian government of Eduard Shevardnadze said ... more details
About a village in Chegemsky District of the Kabardino Balkar Republic, Russia the road crossing of the same name located in the same district Nartan road crossing Unreferenced date December 2008 Nartan lang ru is a types of inhabited localities in Russia village village Russia selo in Chegemsky District of the Kabardino Balkar Republic , Russia , located on the right bank of the Nalchik River , km to mi 5.5 east of Nalchik , the capital of the republic. Population ru census2002 12,325 . The majority of the population are ethnic Kabardin . There are also, however, a number of Turkish people Turkish and Russians Russian inhabitants. Until 1924, the village was called Klishbiyevo after the nobility noble family that owned it. The village is situated in the Kabardian Valley of the foothills of surrounding Greater Caucasus mountains located further south. The outskirt of the area, known locally as Upper Nartan, joins the urban sprawl of eastern Nalchik. Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union , the villagers were mainly occupied in rural economy. The Nartan collective farm had sufficient land holdings and a material and technical basis for a agriculture farming economy . The main crops grown are cereal s, such as maize , wheat , barley , rye , and sunflower . In addition, fruits, such as apple s and pear s, and vegetables were grown, and animal husbandry livestock such as cattle was maintained. As a collective farm, households had individual plots of lands attached for growing for personal consumption and occasionally for market. Some households in Nartan continue to maintain the original personal use lands as gardens. Community and consumer facilities of the village include the local government building, a village club house, a supermarket, three schools, including two secondary and one elementary school, an outpatient clinic now a village hospital , and a kindergarten. There is also a republican boarding school for the orphans in the village. At present, the ... more details
In 1996, the Kabardin Balkar republic s Kremlin installed government responded to demands ... the Kabardin and Russian dominated parliament did nothing to address their woes. ref name Balkarnationalism ... more details
Cultural backwardness lang ru was a term used by Soviet politicians and ethnographers. There were at one point officially 97 culturally backward nationalities in the Soviet Union. ref name m167 Martin, 167 ref Members of a culturally backward nationality were eligible for preferential treatment in university admissions. ref Martin, 56 ref In 1934 the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union Central Executive Committee declared that the term should no longer be used, however preferential treatment for certain minorities and the promotion of local nationals in the party structure through korenizatsiya continued for several more years. ref Martin, 374 ref Characteristics of cultural backwardness The People s Commissariat for Education listed five official characteristics of culturally backward nationalities ref Martin, 166 ref An extremely low level of literacy An extremely low percentage of children in school Absence of a written script connected to a literary language Existence of social vestiges oppression of women, racial hostility, nomadism, religious fanaticism An extremely low level of national Professional revolutionaries cadres List of culturally backward nationalities In 1932 the People s Commissariat for Education published an official list of culturally backward nationalities ref name m167 col begin width 600px col break Abkhaz people Abkhaz Adyghe people Adyghe Adjarians Aleut people Aleut Assyrian people Assyrian Azerbaijani people Azerbaijanis Caucasian Avars Avars Baksan a tribe of Balkars ref Wixman, p. 20. ref Balkars Bashkirs Besermyan Bulgarians Buryats Chechen people Chechen Adyghe people Cherkes Adyghe Han Chinese Chinese Chud Chukchi people Chukchi Chuvans Chuvash people Chuvash Dargin people Dargins Dolgans Dungans Eskimo Nivkh people Giliaks Nivkhs Nanai Golds Nanai Greeks in Russia and the Soviet Union Greeks Ingush people Ingush Izhorians Kabardin Kaitaks now classified as Dargins ref Wixman, p. 89. ref Kalmyk people Kalmyks I ... more details
, , Europe Kabard , Balkars 67 Kabardin 55.3 , Balkars ... of the Caucasus Caucasian Kabardin and a majority of Balkars are Muslims, but some Balkars are Russian ... more details
az Kabardin rk z dili ca Kabard de Kabardinische Sprache et Kabardi t erkessi keel es Idioma ... Kabard ina fi Kabardin kieli th tr Kabardeyce udm uk ... more details
of a Turkic language . According to the Russian Census 2002 2002 Census , Kabardin make up 55.3 of the republic ... ace Republik Kabardino Balkar af Kabardino Balkari ar az Kabardin Balkar be ... more details
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