Refimprove date June 2010 Image Jukola2008.jpg thumb 300px The start of Jukola in Tampere, 2008 Image Gateofsalojukola.jpg thumb 300px Gate of Salo Jukola The JukolaRelay is an orienteering relay race ... Circle . The name Jukola is a family name in the classic Finland Finnish book Seven Brothers . In the Jukola male relay has seven legs with distances varying from 7 to 15 km. The starting time ... on the geographical site north or south of Finland of the relay and the weather conditions. The winning ... start was organized in 1951 and it was then turned into a three leg relay race in 1978 and four leg relay race since 1981. The women s relay, known as the Venla Relay , is a daytime race on Saturday afternoon. In 2010 the Jukolarelay attracted over 1500 teams and the Venla relay almost 1100. Clubs from 20 different countries took part. Association Kaukamets l iset is the founder of the Jukolarelay and it is also the owner of the rights of Jukola event. The Youth Jukolarelay Since 1986, a Jukolarelay event for the young orienteers was organized as a separate event in August each year. History of Jukola class wikitable Year Location Starters Finishers Winner ref name JukolaResults Cite web ... Jukola 2011 2012 June 16 sup th sup 17 sup th sup Vantaa , Hakunila http www.keravanurheilijat.fi Keravan Urheilijat http www.pihkaniskat.fi Pihkaniskat http www.jukola2012.net Valio Jukola 2012 2013 ... J ms Jukola 2013 2014 June 14 sup th sup 15 sup th sup Kuopio , Vehmersalmi http www.kuopionsuunnistajat.fi Kuopion Suunnistajat Kuopio Jukola 2014 2015 June 13 sup th sup 14 sup th sup Paimio http ... References Reflist 2. http www.jukola.com ?kieli eng&id 1 Jukola relays External links http www.jukola.com ?kieli eng&id 1 Jukolarelay Uljas, Reimo Jukolan viestit 1989 2008 with English summary, Kaukamets laiset ry 2009, ISBN 978 952 92 5583 2 Orienteering type events DEFAULTSORT JukolaRelay Category Sport in Finland Category Orienteering events Category Relay races Category Orienteering ... more details
miniature relay, dust cover is taken off A relay is an electric ally operated switch . Many relays ... in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations. A type of relay ... systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still called protective relay s . Basic design and operation File Relay Parts.jpg thumb right Simple electromechanical relay File Relay2.jpg thumb right Small relay as used in electronics A simple electromagnetic relay consists of a coil ... or more sets of contacts there are two in the relay pictured . The armature is hinged to the yoke ... device spring so that when the relay is de energized there is an air gap in the magnetic circuit. In this condition, one of the two sets of contacts in the relay pictured is closed, and the other set is open. Other relays may have more or fewer sets of contacts depending on their function. The relay .... If the set of contacts was closed when the relay was de energized, then the movement opens the contacts ... inside the relay case. Alternatively, a contact protection network consisting of a capacitor and resistor ... relay uses a thyristor or other solid state switching device, activated by the control signal, to switch ... with a photo transistor can be used to isolate control and controlled circuits. Types Latching relay File Latching relay bistable permanent magnet.jpg thumb Latching relay with permanent magnet A latching relay has two relaxed states bistable . These are also called impulse , keep , or stay relays. When the current is switched off, the relay remains in its last state. This is achieved with a solenoid ... core. In the ratchet and cam example, the first pulse to the coil turns the relay on and the second pulse turns it off. In the two coil example, a pulse to one coil turns the relay on and a pulse to the opposite coil turns the relay off. This type of relay has the advantage that one coil consumes power only for an instant, while it is being switched, and the relay contacts retain this setting ... more details
Medley relay may refer to Swimming Medley swimming , mixed distance relay events Track and field Distance medley relay Sprint medley relay Swedish medley relay Disambig ... more details
Wiktionarypar relay A relay is an electronic component a form of switch. Relay may also refer to relay, a station in a message forwarding system, especially for the changing of horses by courier s Relay satellite , a communications satellite Relay shop , a French convenience store Relay league , a chain of message forwarding stations cursus publicus courier service in the Roman Empire Mail relay, a server used for delivering e mail , usually by SMTP see also open mail relay Microwave radio relay , technology for message forwarding A repeater , a device that re transmits signals A medium altitude satellite operating as a repeater Citro n Relay , a marketing version of the Citro n Jumper van Saturn Relay , a minivan produced from 2005 07 by Saturn Corporation Relay race Telecommunications Relay Service , a telephone accessibility service for the Deaf Bitnet Relay , an online chat system on the BITNET Relay Directory Manager , an AJAX application Relay , a song by The Who Compare Relayer , a Yes album disambig cs Rel de Relais Begriffskl rung fr Relais io Relayo homonimo nl Relay ja no Rel andre betydninger ... more details
File Hall Gare d Arles.JPG thumb 300px Relay shop in the Gare d Arles . Relay is a chain of newspaper, magazine, book, and convenience stores, mostly based in train stations and airports. It is owned by Lagard re Services, a subsidiary of Lagard re Group . Its heaviest concentration is in France , but it also operates in other countries. In 2010, the network had 1,100 shops on 4 continents. ref http www.relay.fr relay tout savoir sur relay Tout savoir sur Relay fr icon ref References reflist External links commons Category Relay shop Relay shop http www.relay.fr www.relay.fr Category Companies of France France stub Retail stub fr Relay ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2008 BITNET Bitnet Relay officially The Interchat Relay Network , also known simply as Relay was a precursor to today s Internet Relay Chat and various online chat systems. It was developed ... . Even before Relay was implemented, one could send an instant messaging instant message called MSG ... systems. Relay was a chat service running on a special id on several suitable hosts in the Bitnet. To use it, one would send a MSG to a userid called RELAY . The Relay program running on that userid ... could contain either a command for Relay prefixed by the ever since popular slash character command ... harper. Now use the SIGNON nickname command to establish a nickname and to logon Relay. SIGNON rob Welcome to the Interchat Relay Network, Rob. Your host is RELAY FINHUTC Finland . Your last logon was at 08 39 23 on 03 17 89. There are 67 users on 27 relays. HELP Relay Commands Bye . . . . . . . . . . . . Signoff from Relay Channel num . . . . .Change to channel num COntact host nick . .Show Relay contact info Getop . . . . . Try to summon a Relay operator Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . Prints this list INFo. . . . . . . . . . . Send RELAY INFO file Invite nick . . .Invite user to your channel ... relays serving node Signon nick channel . . . .Signon to Relay Signon nick ,SHIFT . . Forces uppercase shift Signon nick ,UNSHIFT . Forces lowercase shift Signoff . . . . . . . . . . Signoff from Relay SIGNUP full name . Signup or change full name STats . . . . . . . . Display Relay statistics SUmmon userid node . . Invite user to Relay Topic subject . . . . Topic for your channel Who channel . . . . Show users and nicknames WHOIs nick . . . . . . . .Identify a nickname LINKS RELAY Version 01.24x0 Host RELAY FINHUTC Finland RelayRELAY CEARN Geneva Finland RelayRELAY DEARN Germany Geneva RelayRELAY AEARN Austria Germany RelayRELAY CZHRZU1A Zurich Geneva RelayRELAY HEARN Holland Geneva RelayRELAY TAUNIVM TAUrelay Geneva RelayRELAY EB0UB011 Barcelona Geneva RelayRELAY ORION New Jersey ... more details
Radio station s that cannot communicate directly due to distance, terrain or other difficulties sometimes use an intermediate radio relay station to relay the signals. Examples include airborne radio relay , microwave radio relay , and communications satellite . The American Radio Relay League was founded for this purpose but did not change its name when this became a less important part of its work. See also repeater . Category Radio ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2006 Orphan date February 2009 The Sorteberg relay , or Sorteberg force bridge pneumatic relay is a form of Analog computer analog pneumatic computer , calibrated to calculate a predefined function. They were sold by Sorteberg Controls Corp. It consists of a series of bellows, joined by a beam. The balance of forces between the bellows across the beam is responsible for performing the computation. The end of the beam often controls a flapper nozzle, which itself provides a varying pressure input to a pneumatic relay. This output can then be directed to other components. The Sorteberg relay has seen use in process control in oil refinery oil refineries and numerous other facilities. DEFAULTSORT Sorteberg Relay Category Control devices ... more details
Context date October 2009 A Relay attack is a type of attack related to Man in the middle attack man in the middle and Replay attack replay attacks, in which an attacker relays verbatim a message from the sender to a valid receiver of the message. The sender may or may not be aware of even sending the message to the attacker if the sender is aware, it is likely under the impression that the attacker is the intended receiver of the message. Relay attacks are forecast to get more and more common with the increasing number of contactless RLC and Radio frequency devices. Citation needed date May 2007 Example attack A typical relay attack is when a Hacker computer security hacker follows a car owner with a relay that forwards the frequency of the alarm s remote control to the car, waiting for the car owner to accidentally press the open button during his jogging, if pressing a button is necessary for security reasons, it should be necessary, but for convenience of the owner and the hacker, it is often not necessary . External links http www.rfidblog.org.uk research.html relay2009 Academic Survey on Relay Attacks http www.rfidblog.org.uk research.html relay Detailed Practical Example of Relay Attack on RFID system http www.libnfc.org documentation examples relayRelay Attack Demonstration Category Hacking computer security Category Computer security exploits fr Attaque par relais ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date March 2007 The conventional relay type of electromagnet relay s can be replaced by static relays which essentially consist of electronic circuitry to develop all those characteristics which are achieved by moving parts in an electro magnetic relay. For example, in an induction type relay, the operating time can be adjusted by adjusting the distance travelled by the disc whereas in a static relay it can be achieved by adjusting the value of the resistance in the R C time delay circuit. In other words static relays are capable of performing the same functions with the use of electronic circuit control as an electro magnetic relay performs with the use of moving parts or elements. Static relays are superior to electro magnetic relays in the following aspects The moving parts and the contats are largely eliminated. The only moving element in a static relay is the final tripping contact. C.T.s and P.T.s employed are of lesser VA rating as static relays require a very little volt ampere for their operation. More precise and high speed operation. Structure Static relay consists of following units for operation Auxiliary Voltage Supply 24 V Direct current D.C. supply is required for energizining the circuitry of the static relay. This obtained by converting 230V a.c. to 24V d.c. and in some cases station battery voltage of 110V to 24V d.c. Comprator It compares the actual quantity with the pre set quantity. For example in an over current relay it will compare the actual current supplied by CT with the pre determined set current over which tripping is required. Time delay Elements The required operation time is achieved here by adjusting ... and relay can only be operated when these conditions are satisfied. Output Device The actual tripping of relay can be achieved by firing the SCR or operating the attracted armature type relay by feeding the signal coming from logic circuit output. See also Solid state relay Category Solid state ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date February 2008 KYZ is a designation given to a relay used to create pulses for electrical metering applications. It is commonly a Form C relay. The term KYZ refers to the contact designations K for common, Y for Normally Open, and Z for Normally Closed. When incorporated into an electrical meter, the relay changes state with each rotation or half rotation of the meter disc. Each state change is called a pulse. When connected to external equipment, rate of use kW as well as total usage kWh can be determined from the rate and quantity of pulses. Category Relay switches electric power stub ... more details
Advert date November 2010 Image American Cancer Society Relay For Life.jpg right thumb Relay For Life logo Relay For Life often shortened to Relay is the main volunteer driven cancer fundraising event of the American Cancer Society . Originating in the United States, the Relay For Life event has spread to 21 countries worldwide. ref http www.cancer.org docroot par content PAR 1 3 International Relay For Life.asp ref Relay events are held in local communities, campus universities, military bases, and in cyberspace. Although the main objective of Relay is to raise money for cancer research and cancer ... that Relay For Life events have raised over 3 billion dollars to date. ref http www.volunteermatch.org ... Miners, ref http www.relayforlife.org relay rosebudminers ref and the largest per capita fundraiser ... 0204 relay.html ref The largest virtual fundraising event is https wiki.secondlife.com wiki Relay For Life of Second Life Relay For Life of Second Life , which has raised almost 700,000 since 2004. ref http www.cancer.org docroot par content PAR 1 Relay For Life.asp?from fast ref Origin In May 1985 ... and put on the first Relay For Life event in 1986. Since then, Relay has developed into an overnight ... in Relay events in over 5,000 communities in the United States. ref http www.relayforlife.org relay ... of approximately 8 15 people. A Survivor Dinner. A Survivor Lap, which starts the Relay event. An Opening ... Ceremony is often the Closing Ceremony. Image Relay for life survivors lap.jpg thumb right The start of a Survivor s Lap. Survivor Lap and Survivor Dinner Survivors are a large part of the Relay community. It is important to honor those who have won their battle against cancer. At most Relay events .... The Survivor Lap, which often signifies the start of Relay, is again used to distinguish the survivors and celebrate their victory. Sometimes survivors are invited to speak at Relay events to encourage ... cannot attend a Relay event. ref http relay.acsevents.org site DocServer SD Virtual Survivor Form.doc ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2008 About relay races in sport relay races in electronic circuits and in ladder logic race condition File Gold Relay UK WOC 2008 crop.jpg thumb World Orienteering Championship 2008 gold medal winners in relay, completing hand off between legs 2 and 3 During a relay race , members ... action. Relay races take the form of professional races and amateur games. In the Olympic games , there are several types of relay races that are part of track and field . Swimming relays File Swimming relay exchange.jpg thumb right Swimmers about to make the exchange during a relay race. A swimming relay of four swimmers usually follows this strategy second fastest, third fastest, slowest, then fastest ... standard relays are the 4x100 meter relay and the 4x400 meter relay. Traditionally, the 4x400 meter relay finals are the last event of a track meet, and is often met with a very enthusiastic ... relay. For example, if a team ran a 3 00 4x400, it does not mean every runner on the team has ..., therefore allowing for slightly slower overall open 400 times. A 4x400 relay generally starts in lanes ... a hand for the baton. File Relay race baton pass.jpg thumb right 180px Two runners prepare to exchange the baton. A team may be disqualified from a relay for Losing the baton dropping the baton Making ..., the generally accepted strategy used in setting up a 4 person relay team is second fastest, third fastest, slowest, then fastest anchor . Each segment of the relay the distance run by one person is referred to as a leg. Competitions The largest relay event in the world is the Penn Relays , which ..., and over its three days attracts upwards of 100,000 spectators. It is credited with popularizing Relay Racing in the sport of Track & Field. The world s longest relay race is Japan s Prince Takamatsu ... Road Relay Championships, Wimbledon Common, London, 1988 Long distance relays Long distance relays ... typically covering three legs. Notable long distance relay race include br http www.americanodysseyrelay.com ... more details
In contract bridge , relay is a general term for convention bridge conventional bidding of usually the cheapest available bid. The relay bid normally has no descriptive meaning, i.e. its primary purpose is to give partner room to describe his hand instead. Thus, a relay bid is not a convention per se, but a part of many other conventions. The rationale for introducing relay bids emerged from the idea that it is not always cost effective i.e. the best use of bidding space for both partners to describe their hands. Instead, only one partner can make the cheapest bids available relays while the other describes his hand. Relay bidding system s are for the most part based on relay bids in most sequences especially forcing ones , one partner just relays while the other describes his hand in a highly codified manner. While relay systems offer a higher level of exchanged information than natural systems, they also have the drawbacks that they are complicated to memorize and often exclude the players judgment, particular in regard to honor location, which can be crucial on occasion. Relay bids are a part of several conventions Lebensohl 3 relay by 1NT opener, waiting for the partner to declare his hand Cappelletti 2 relay over partner s 2 overcall, meaning pass or correct External links http www.bridgeguys.com Conventions RelayBids.html Relay systems on BridgeGuys Category Bridge conventions bridge game stub ... more details
unreferenced date June 2007 A relay league is a chain of message forwarding stations in a system of optical telegraph s, Telegraphy Radiotelegraphy radio telegraph stations, or riding courier History courier s. An interesting description of these early 19th century methods and its evolution into the electrical telegraph networks of the mid to late 19th century is found in The Victorian Internet , a book by Tom Standage ISBN 0425171698. Radio relay leagues Amateur radio Radio amateur s have been early in arranging relay leagues, as is reflected in the name of the organization of American Radio Relay League ARRL , http www.arrl.org . Radio amateur message relay operations were originally conducted using Morse code in the first two decades of the 20th century using spark gap transmitter s. As vacuum tube s became affordable operations shifted to more efficient manual telegraphy transmitters, referred to as CW Continuous wave . Messages were relayed station to station typically covering four or more re transmission cycles to cover the continental United States , in an organized system of amateur radio networks. After World War II , voice and radioteletype implementations of the message relay system were employed. See also Post rider Pony Express DEFAULTSORT Relay League Category Early telecommunications Category Telegraphy ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2008 Expert subject Telecommunications date February 2009 Frame Relay is a standardized ... of many other network interfaces. Network providers commonly implement Frame Relay for voice VoFR ... over a wide area network WAN . Each end user gets a private line or leased line to a frame relay Node networking node . The frame relay network handles the transmission over a frequently changing path transparent to all end users. Frame Relay has become one of the most extensively used WAN protocols ... of configuring user equipment in a Frame Relay network offers another reason for Frame Relay ... for the Frame Relay protocol and encapsulation. Fact date January 2009 However many rural areas remain ... remains a 64 kbit s frame relay line. Thus a retail chain, for instance, may use Frame Relay ... thumb 350px A basic Frame Relay network The designers of Frame Relay aimed to a telecommunication ... and between end points in a wide area network WAN . Frame Relay puts data in variable size units ... others less important. Frame Relay can run on fractional Digital Signal 1 T 1 or full T carrier system carriers. Frame Relay complements and provides a mid range service between basic rate ISDN ... similar fashion to frame Relay but at speeds from 155.520 Mbit s to 622.080 Mbit s. Frame Relay ... data on analog voice lines. Unlike X.25, whose designers expected analog signal s, Frame Relay ... to correct errors. When a Frame Relay network detects an error in a frame, it simply drops that frame .... Frame Relay often serves to connect local area network s LANs with major backbone network backbone ... period. Frame Relay does not provide an ideal path for voice or video transmission, both of which ... do use Frame Relay. Frame Relay originated as an extension of Integrated Services Digital .... Frame Relay switches create virtual circuits to connect remote LANs to a WAN. The Frame Relay network ... to function, a practical Frame Relay implementation need not rely solely on its own transportation ... more details
Image Buchholz 2.JPG thumb In the field of electric power distribution and transmission, a Buchholz relay is a safety device mounted on some oil filled power transformer s and reactance electronics reactors , equipped with an external overhead oil reservoir called a conservator . The Buchholz Relay is used as a protective device sensitive to the effects of dielectric failure inside the equipment. Depending on the model, the relay has multiple methods to detect a failing transformer. On a slow accumulation of gas, due perhaps to slight overload, gas produced by decomposition of transformer oil insulating oil accumulates in the top of the relay and forces the oil level down. A float switch in the relay is used to initiate an alarm signal. Depending on design, a second float may also serve to detect slow oil leaks. If an electric arc arc forms, gas accumulation is rapid, and oil flows rapidly into the conservator. This flow of oil operates a switch attached to a vane located in the path of the moving oil. This switch normally will operate a circuit breaker to isolate the apparatus before the fault causes additional damage. Buchholz relays have a test port to allow the accumulated gas to be withdrawn for testing. Flammable gas found in the relay indicates some internal fault such as overheating or arcing , whereas air found in the relay may only indicate low oil level or a leak. Buchholz relays have been applied to large power transformers at least since the 1940s. The relay was first developed by Max Buchholz 1875 1956 in 1921 ref http www.transformerworld.co.uk buchholz.htm Tutorial T5 ref . Names like beechwood relay or beech relay are an indication of incorrectly translated German language manuals. happened on an energetics conference, and the interpreter had no clue why ... http www.emb online.de pdf 01 02 08 02 20Prospekt 20Buchholzrelais 20ENGLISCH.pdf Buchholz relay technical ... http www.pbpowereng.co.uk pdf PBSIWeir Mk10 20Buchholz.pdf Buchholz Relay DEFAULTSORT Buchholz Relay ... more details
In computer network computer networking , cell relay refers to a method of statistical multiplexing statistically multiplexing small fixed length packet information technology packets , called cells , to transport data between computers or kinds of network equipment. It is an Reliability computer networking unreliable , connection oriented packet switching packet switched data communications protocol . Cell relay transmission rate s usually are between 56 kbit s and several gigabits per second . Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM , a particularly popular form of cell relay, is most commonly used for home Digital Subscriber Line DSL connections, which often runs between 128 kbit s and 1.544 Mbit s Digital Signal 1 DS1 , and for high speed backbone connections OC 3 and faster . Cell relay protocols have neither flow control nor error correction capability, are information content independent, and correspond only to layers one and two of the Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model OSI Reference Model . Cell relay can be used for delay and jitter sensitive traffic such as voice and video. Cell relay systems break variable length user packets into groups of fixed length cells, that add addressing and verification information. frame telecommunications Frame length is fixed in hardware , based on time delay and user packet length considerations. One user data message may be segmented over many cells. Cell relay statems may also carry bitstream based data such as Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy PDH traffic, by breaking it into streams of cells, with a lightweight synchronization and clock recovery shim. Thus cell relay systems may potentially carry any combination of stream based and packet based data. This is a form of statistical time division multiplexing . Cell relay is an implementation of Fast packet switching fast packet switching technology that is used in connection oriented broadband integrated services digital networks B ISDN , and its better known supporting technology ... more details
File Relays of Youth.jpg thumb Exaples of relays kept in House of Flowers . The design of a relay depended on what organisation made it and gave it as a gift to Tito. File Nosioci stafete.JPG thumb Monument to relay cariers near Stadion Partizana in Belgrade The Relay of Youth Bosnian language Bosnian , Croatian language Croatian , Serbian language Serbian and Slovenian language Slovenian tafeta mladosti , Serbian Cyrillic , Macedonian language Macedonian , Albanian language Albanian Stafeta e Rinise was a symbolic relay race held in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia every year. The relay carried a baton with a birthday pledge to Josip Broz Tito ostensibly from all young people of Yugoslavia ref name majamikula Maja Mikula. http taylorandfrancis.metapress.com content wnlptyec3rx35v3y Virtual Landscapes of Memory . Information, Communication and Society . 6 2003 169 186. needs subscription ref ref name nskrelay http web.archive.org web 20080324084642 http www.nskstate.com nk day of youth.php Relay Baton and the Day of Youth NSKSTATE.COM. ref . The race usually started in Tito s birth town Kumrovec and went through all major towns and cities of the country. It ended in Belgrade , on Stadion FK Partizan JNA Stadium on May 25, Tito s official birthday ref Although Tito s birthday was celebrated on May 25, he was in all probability born on May 7. ref and Youth Day Yugoslavia Day of Youth , a Public holiday national holiday . The relay first took place in 1945 and was formalized as a national holiday in 1957. It went on after Tito s death in 1980 and was last held in 1988 ref name nskrelay . In 1987 the winning poster design for the relay ... Kunst , submitted the design in order to protest Tito s cult of personality , of which the relay ... is deemed to have significantly contributed to the decision to discontinue the Relay. commonscat Relay of Youth Footnotes references yugoslavia stub Category Recurring sporting events established ... more details
In information theory , a relay Channel communications channel is a probability model of the communication between a Communication source sender and a receiver aided by one or more intermediate relay nodes. It is a combination of the broadcast channel from sender to relays and receiver and multiple access channel from sender and relays to receiver . General discrete time memoryless relay channel A discrete memoryless single relay channel can be modelled as four finite sets, math X 1, X 2, Y 1, math .... The probability distribution of the choice of symbols selected by the encoder and the relay encoder is represented by math p x 1,x 2 math . pre nowiki o o Relay Encoder o o A y1 x2 V o o x1 o o y ... in the pioneer article by Cover and El Gamal. Decode and Forward DF In this relaying scheme, the relay ... , I left x 1, x 2 y right right math . Compress and Forward CF In this relaying scheme, the relay quantizes ... and Forward AF In this relaying scheme, the relay sends an amplified version of the received signal in the last time slot. Comparing with DF and CF, AF requires much less delay as the relay node operates ... operation is performed at the relay side. Cut set upper bound The first upper bound on the Channel capacity capacity of the relay channel is derived in the pioneer article by Cover and El Gamal and is known ... 1, y x 2 right , I left x 1, x 2 y right right math where C is the capacity of the relay channel. The first ... bound, respectively. Degraded relay channel A relay channel is said to be degraded if y depends on math ... 1 math . In the article by Cover and El Gamal it is shown that the capacity of the degraded relay channel ... to the Cut set upper bound. Reversely degraded relay channel Empty section date July 2010 Feedback relay channel Empty section date July 2010 Relay without delay channel contributed to his References ... Capacity theorems for the relay channel , IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 1979 , pp. 572 584 See also Cooperative diversity External links Many resources on the Relay Channel and Cooperative ... more details
unreferenced date January 2007 Infobox Automobile image Image Saturn Relay.jpg 250px Saturn Relay name Saturn Relay manufacturer General Motors production 2005 2007 successor Saturn Outlook assembly Doraville, Georgia , United States class Minivan body style 4 door minivan platform GM U platform U body layout Front engine design Front engine , front wheel drive Four wheel drive related Buick GL8 br Buick Rendezvous br Buick Terraza br Chevrolet Uplander br Chevrolet Venture br Pontiac Aztek br Pontiac ... transmission automatic fuel capacity Convert 25 usgal L impgal 1 The Saturn Relay was the first ..., the Buick Terraza , the Chevrolet Uplander , and the Pontiac Montana SV6 in Doraville, Georgia . The Relay ... engineering rebadged Chevrolet or Pontiac . The Relay was introduced with a 3.5 ... of the 3.9 L engine. Unlike its siblings, the Relay did not receive an optional flexible fuel flex fuel engine for 2007. The Relay scored three Good s the highest possible score and two acceptable s the second highest possible score in IIHS crash test s. In terms of gas mileage , the Relay is rated at convert 19 mpgus lk off city, convert 25 mpgus lk off highway. The Relay started at United ... system came standard on all Relays. A navigation system was optional on Relay 3s. Front ... models. Discontinuation GM had intended to redesign the Relay for 2008 on the GM Lambda platform Lambda platform , but this was canceled. The Relay was dropped from Saturn s lineup in early 2007, and its Doraville Assembly Doraville, Georgia assembly plant closed in September 2008. The last Relay rolled off the line on November 17, 2006. The Relay was replaced by the 8 passenger, Lambda based Saturn ... relay Official American site http www.gmcanada.com ss english vehicles saturn relayrelay overview.jsp ... Front wheel drive vehicles Category Minivans Category Saturn vehicles Relay Category 2000s automobiles ... in the United States fa pl Saturn Relay pt Saturn Relay simple Saturn Relay ... more details
Mergeto relay date September 2009 A control relay is an Electromechanics electromechanical device which activates one or more switch es according to the Electric current current through a Electromagnetic coil coil not connected to the switches. The thyristor is a semiconductor device which carries out similar functions. A relay is essentially an electromagnet with two possible states arranged so that when there is sufficient current the core of the relay s coil attracts a ferromagnetic armature which mechanically operates switches a spring device spring holds the armature away from the core when ... not be a range of coil current which allows the contacts to be in an intermediate state. A relay allows circuits to be switched by electrical equipment for example, a timer circuit with a relay ... relay logic . The principle of relay logic is based on relays which energize and de energize associated contacts. Relay logic is the predecessor of ladder logic , which is commonly used in Programmable ... poles are produced across the gap separating the coil and armature. The relay is actuated, or latched ... overcome the spring tension , as shown in Figure 1 . The relay remains latched as long as at least ... relay for a particular application. These considerations include factors such as speed of operation ..., relays with switching speeds as fast as 100 us are available. Reed relay s which are actuated by low ... through the relay contacts unrelated to the current through the coil must not exceed a certain ... loads we must specify the maximum current that may flow through the relay contacts when it actuates ... to burn before their normal life expectancy. Control relay life cycle varies from 50,000 to over ... to which the relay is derated. When a control relay is operating at its derated value ... done to extend the operating life of the control relay. Table 1 lists the relay and switch derating ... components Category Relay switches ... more details
Relay logic is a method of controlling industrial electronic circuits by using relays and contacts. Ladder logic main ladder logic The schematic diagrams for relay logic circuits are often called line diagrams, because the inputs and outputs are essentially drawn in a series of lines. A relay logic circuit ..., such as input switch es and control relay s. The conditions that represent the inputs are connected in series, parallel, or series parallel to obtain the logic required to drive the output. The relay logic circuit forms an electrical schematic diagram for the control of input and output devices. Relay logic diagrams represent the physical interconnection of devices. The basic format for relay logic diagrams is as follows 1. The two vertical lines that connect all devices on the relay logic diagram .... Figure 1 shows a typical relay logic diagram. In this circuit, a STOP START station is used to control two pilot light s. When the START button is pressed, the control relay energizes and its associated ... switches OFF. Image Relay Logic2.jpg thumb center Relay logic design In many cases, it is possible to design a relay logic diagram directly from the narrative description of a control event sequence. In general, the following suggestions apply to designing a relay logic diagram 1. Define the process ... in sentences, or put them in table form. 4. Write the relay logic diagram from the sequence of operations ... Applications A major application of relay logic is the control of routing and signalling on railways ... and helps reduce accidents. Other kinds of relay logic Image USpatent1310719.fig1.png thumb 200px Figure 1 from Vernam s patent. Most relay logic diagrams are in ladder logic form. However, some relay logic diagrams are in other forms, such as the Gilbert Vernam Vernam cipher machine and the designs for the various relay computers including the Harvard Mark II . External links http knol.google.com ... Hall, 2002, ISBN 0 0686860 3 6 DEFAULTSORT Relay Logic Category Electromagnetic components ca L gica ... more details
A tape relay is a method of retransmitting teletypewriter traffic from one channel communications channel to another, in which messages arriving on an incoming channel are recorded in the form of perforated tape, this punched tape then being either fed directly and automatically into an outgoing channel, or manually transferred to an automatic transmitter for transmission telecommunications transmission on an outgoing channel. Tape relay, sometimes informally called torn tape operation was commonplace during much of the 20th century. References FS1037C MS188 See also Store and forward Category Data transmission ... more details
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