Image Ishango bone.jpg thumb right 400px This image shows both the front and back of the Ishangobone. The Ishangobone is a bone tool , dated to the Upper Paleolithic era. It is a dark brown length of bone ... history of pure mathematics The IshangoBone University of Western Australia School of Mathematics accessed ... The Ishangobone was found in 1960 by Belgian Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt while exploring what was then the Belgian Congo . ref de Heinzelin, Jean Ishango , Scientific American , 206 6 June 1962 105 116. ref It was discovered in the African area of Ishango , which was centered near the headwaters ..., NY. ref ref Brooks, A.S. and Smith, C.C. 1987 Ishango revisited new age determinations and cultural interpretations , The African Archaeological Review , 5 65 78. ref The Ishangobone is on permanent ... of the Congo Congo . The bone was found among the remains of a small community that fished, gathered ... content p5028653585x380j fulltext.pdf?page 1 The Bone that Began the Space Odyssey , The Mathematical ... museum halls prehist ishango noflash Exhibition at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural ... and Division mathematics division by two. The bone may therefore have been used as a counting tool ... Books isbn 978 1591024774 page 64 ref Lunar calendar Alexander Marshack examined the Ishangobone microscopically, and concluded that it may represent a six month lunar calendar . ref name Marshack .... Gazette , 71 458 1987 294. External links http www.naturalsciences.be museum 250 hall display of the Ishangobone http etopia.sintlucas.be 3.14 Ishango meeting Ishango meeting.htm Ishango, 22000 and 50 years later the cradle of mathematics? DEFAULTSORT IshangoBone Category Archaeological artefacts Category History of Africa Category History of mathematics Link GA es ar ca Os d Ishango de Ishango Knochen es Hueso de Ishango fr Os d Ishango it Osso d Ishango he ko nl Ishango beentje pt Osso de Ishango tr ango kemi i vls Ishango beentje ... more details
unreferenced date January 2009 Infobox Protected area name Ishango iucn category II photo photo caption location Democratic Republic of the Congo nearest city Goma lat d 0 lat m 7 lat s 37.09 lat NS S long d 29 long m 36 long s 1.45 long EW E region CD area established visitation num visitation year governing body Ishango is a sub station of Virunga National Park , situated on the Northern Shores of Lake Edward in the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The station was created in the 1950s and is famous for many reasons It was referred to by George Schaller as the most beautiful place in the world for its stunning landscapes. As the source of the Semliki River , where the waters of Lake Edward begin to flow down the Great Rift Valley into Lake Albert , Ishango is one of the sources of the Nile. The IshangoBone was discovered there in 1960. This fossilised baboon bone, which was dated at 18,000 BC, has clear markings suggested to be either tally marks, a series of prime numbers, or a lunar calendar. In 2005, Ishango became the centre for training congolese park rangers, and programme surported by the http www.zgf.de Frankfurt Zoological Society and WildlifeDirect . Ishango is home to the last significant population of hippos on Lake Edward, a lake which formerly held the biggest hippo population in the world Ishango is currently managed under the leadership of a park warden and five rangers. It has an airstrip, and administrative building, four houses and some tented accommodations for visitors. The buildings were rehabilitated by the European Development Fund in 2007. Category Geography of the Democratic Republic of the Congo DRCongo geo stub fr Ishango ... more details
To the Bone may refer to To the Bone The Kinks album To the Bone The Kinks album To the Bone Kris Kristofferson album To the Bone Kris Kristofferson album To the Bone Law & Order Criminal Intent To the Bone Law & Order Criminal Intent , an episode of Law & Order Criminal Intent ToTheBones , an English rock band disambig ... more details
about the skeletal organ other uses Bone disambiguation and Bones disambiguation the tissue Osseous tissue ... organs of the body, produce red blood cell red and white blood cell s and store mineral s. Bone ... biology functions . One of the types of tissue that makes up bone is the mineralized osseous tissue , also called bone tissue, that gives it rigidity and a Honeycomb geometry honeycomb like three dimensional internal structure. Other types of tissue found in bones include bone marrow marrow , endosteum ... in an infant . The largest bone in the human body is the femur . ref cite book title Parent and Child .... The interaction between bone and muscle is studied in biomechanics . Sound transduction Bones are important ... The Bone marrow marrow , located within the medullary cavity of long bones and interstices of cancellous bone, produces blood cells in a process called haematopoiesis . Metabolic Mineral storage Bones ... factor storage Mineralized bone matrix stores important growth factors such as insulin like growth factors, transforming growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein s and others. Fat Storage The yellow bone marrow acts as a storage reserve of fatty acid s. Acid Base chemistry base balance Bone buffers ... Bone tissues can also store heavy metals and other foreign elements, removing them from ... . Citation needed date May 2007 Endocrine system Endocrine organ Bone controls phosphate metabolism ... s to reduce phosphate reabsorption . Bone cells also release a hormone called osteocalcin , which ... properties The primary tissue of bone, osseous tissue , is a relatively Rockwell scale hard and lightweight ... it resists pushing forces well, but not pulling or torsional forces. While bone is essentially ... extremity Spine Bones of lower extremity Pelvis Individual bone structure File Illu compact spongy ... anatomy cortex of Cortical bone compact bone and medulla of trabecular bone . Bone is not a uniformly solid material, but rather has some spaces between its hard elements. Compact cortical bone ... more details
Infobox Book name In the Bone title orig translator image Image In the bone.jpg 200px image caption Cover of the first edition author Gordon R. Dickson illustrator cover artist Richard Corben country United States language English language English series genre Science fiction short stories publisher Ace Books release date 1987 english release date media type Print Paperback pages 228 pp isbn 0 441 37049 7 oclc 15339637 preceded by followed by In the Bone The Best Science Fiction of Gordon R. Dickson is a collection of science fiction stories by Gordon R. Dickson . It was first published by Ace Books in 1987 and expands Dickson s earlier collection, Gordon R. Dickson s SF Best . Most of the stories originally appeared in the magazines Analog Science Fiction and Fact , Fantasy and Science Fiction , Satellite and if magazine If . Contents Twig God Bless Them Hilifter Brother Charlie Act of Creation Idiot Solvant Call Him Lord Tiger Green Of the People Dolphin s Way In the Bone References cite web last Brown first Charles N. authorlink Charles N. Brown coauthors William G. Contento title The Locus Index to Science Fiction 1984 1998 work publisher date url http www.locusmag.com index t58.htm A6724 format doi accessdate 2008 01 21 cite web last first authorlink coauthors title Internet Speculative Fiction Database work publisher date url http www.isfdb.org cgi bin pl.cgi?87IntheBone format doi accessdate 2008 01 21 Category 1987 books Category Short story collections by Gordon R. Dickson ... more details
Infobox Hollywood cartoon cartoon name A Bone for a Bone series Looney Tunes Goofy Gophers image A Bone for a Bone title card.png caption The title card for A Bone for a Bone . director Friz Freleng I. Freleng story artist Ben Hardaway J.B. Hardaway animator Virgil Ross br Arthur Davis animator Arthur Davis br Manuel Perez br Ken Champin layout artist Hawley Pratt background artist Paul Julian voice actor Mel Blanc br Stan Freberg uncredited musician Carl Stalling producer Eddie Selzer uncredited studio Warner Bros. Cartoons distributor Warner Bros. Pictures br The Vitaphone Corporation release date April 7, 1951 color process Technicolor runtime 6 57 movie language English preceded by A Ham in a Role followed by I Gopher You A Bone for a Bone is a Looney Tunes Short subject short starring the Goofy Gophers . The cartoon, released in 1951, was directed by Friz Freleng and released by Warner Bros. Pictures , and was the first of four Goofy Gophers cartoon directed by Freleng, and would be the final work by Ben Hardaway J.B. Hardaway at the Warner Bros. studio, having returned after almost a decade at the Walter Lantz studio. Plot The Gophers Mac and Tosh are playing a Gin rummy gin game in their hole in the ground outside a house, where Tosh loses his fifth game in a row, when Geo R. Dog digs a hole and dumps a bone on the Gophers and then dirt as he fills the bone in. Geo does remove the bone upon Tosh s request, but realizing that it was gophers who asked him to move the bone, he returns to the same hole to dig the bone. This time, Mac goes up, only to be grabbed by Geo. Mac then yells for help, which arrives in the form of Tosh and a hammer, which Tosh uses to knock Geo s head into his collar, allowing the Gophers to return to their hole and escape the dog, but not before the Gophers have an argument over who should enter the hole first. As Geo then reaches into the hole ... links imdb title 0041443 DEFAULTSORT Bone for a Bone, A Category 1951 films Category Looney Tunes ... more details
James Bone is the name of James Bone journalist James Bone 1872 1962 , British journalist and London editor of The Guardian James Drummond Bone , British academic Jimmy Bone , Scottish footballer disambig ... more details
Down to the Bone may refer to Down to the Bone band , a British acid jazz group Down to the Bone album Down to the Bone album , a 1995 album by Quiet Riot Down to the Bone , a song by Quiet Riot on the album of the same name Down to the Bone film Down to the Bone film , an independent film made in 2005 Down to the Bone, a young adult novel by Mayra Lazara Dole disambig de Down to the Bone it Down to the Bone ... more details
Bone Creek may refer to one of the following places Bone Creek Township, Butler County, Nebraska Bone Creek No. 108, Saskatchewan geodis ... more details
Bone loss may refer to a number of entities Osteoporosis , in which overall bone density decreases Periodontitis , in which the alveolar bone supporting bone around teeth exhibits resorption disambig ... more details
wiktionarypar bone bones A bone is a rigid connective organ that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates. Bone may also refer to TOC right Film and television Bone 1972 film Bone 1972 film , directed by Larry Cohen Bone documentary , a 2002 documentary, directed Mila Aung Thwin Geography Annaba , a city in Algeria, formerly known as B ne Bone state , an Indonesian state existing between 1350 to 1960 Music Bone recording , Soviet era bootleg records, scratched into scavenged sheets of plastic Trombone , musical instrument, casually referred to as bone in slang Bone Thugs n Harmony , American rap group from Cleveland, Ohio or the members of the group Krayzie Bone Layzie Bone Wish Bone Bizzy Bone Flesh n Bone Politics Peter Bone , British politician Scott Cordelle Bone 1860 1936 , governor of Alaska Territory 1921 1925 Sports Major league baseball player Jay Buhner , nicknamed Bone Publications Bone comics Bone comics , a comic book series by Jeff Smith Bone Out from Boneville , a computer game based on the comic book series Bone The Great Cow Race , the sequel to Bone Out from Boneville Bone , a novel by Zimbwabean author Chenjerai Hove Bone , a novel by Fae Myenne Ng As slang terms for Several dice game s Dominoes Joint cannabis Sexual intercourse Termination of employment in Australia United States dollar in the U.S. B 1 Lancer bomber from B one Other uses Bone corsetry , a rigid vertical rib that gives a corset its shape and rigidity Bone china , a type of porcelain BeOS Networking Environment BONE , a networking environment for the BeOS Bone, a cat from the Warriors novel series Warriors novel series See also Bones disambiguation Boner disambiguation disambig de Bone fr Bone id Bone disambiguasi nl Bone uk ... more details
Flesh and Bone may refer to Flesh and Bone film , a 1993 film starring Meg Ryan, Dennis Quaid and James Caan Flesh and Bone Battlestar Galactica , an episode of the 2004 TV series Battlestar Galactica Flesh and Bone Lucy Kaplansky album , 1996 Flesh and Bone Richard Marx album , 1997 See also Flesh n Bone , a member of the rap group Bone Thugs n Harmony disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Bone hemostasis is the process of controlling the bleeding from bone . Bone is a living vascular organ anatomy organ containing channels for blood and bone marrow . When a bone is cut during surgery bleeding can be a difficult problem to control, especially in the highly vascular bones of the Vertebral column spine and Human sternum sternum . Bleeding from soft tissue is normally stopped using a cautery that creates heat, causing blood vessels to collapse and become sealed. Since the blood in living bone flows through channels in the bone that do not collapse, a cautery is not effective in preventing bone bleeding. Blocking the holes in the bone typically stops bone bleeding. This can be done by mechanically blocking the holes tamponade effect , or by inducing a blood clot to form. In the past the easiest and most common way to stop bone bleeding was to apply bone wax , which is made from beeswax . The bone wax is smeared across the bleeding edge of the bone, blocking the holes and causing immediate hemostasis. Because of the complications associated with the use of bone wax, newer water soluble hemostatic agents, such as those made from alkylene oxide copolymer s have been developed. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Bone Hemostasis Category Coagulation system Treatment stub ... more details
Bone Cave may refer to Bone Cave, Tennessee , an unincorporated county in Van Buren County, Tennessee Van Buren County , Tennessee Bone Cave, an archeological site along the Great Allegheny Passage near Cumberland, Maryland Bone Cave, one of the caves at Dan yr Ogof in the Swansea Valley , Wales disambig ... more details
John Bone may refer to John Bone bishop born 1930 , British religious leader John T. Bone born 1947 , British born actor hndis Bone, John Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Image Illu compact spongy bone.jpg right 500px thumb Cross section of a bone showing both Cortical and Cancellous bone Cortical bone , synonymous with compact bone , is one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bone s. Cortical bone facilitates bone s main functions to support the whole body, protect organs, provide levers for movement, and store and release chemical elements, mainly calcium. As its name implies, cortical bone forms the cortex anatomy cortex , or outer shell, of most bones. Again, as its name implies, compact bone is much denser than cancellous bone , which is the other type of osseous tissue. Furthermore, it is harder, stronger and stiffer than cancellous bone. Cortical bone contributes about 80 of the weight of a human skeleton. The primary anatomical and functional unit of cortical bone is the osteon. References Frank H. Netter Netter, Frank H. 1987 , Musculoskeletal system anatomy, physiology, and metabolic disorders . Summit, New Jersey Ciba Geigy Corporation ISBN 0 914168 88 6 External links eMedicineDictionary Cortical bone musculoskeletal stub Bone and cartilage Category Skeletal system ca Os cortical de Substantia compacta el fr Os cortical nl Compact been pl Istota zbita ru th ... more details
Cutter and Bone is a 1976 thriller novel by Newton Thornburg about a Vietnam veteran, Alex Cutter, who tries to convince his friend, Richard Bone, that Bone witnessed a murder. It was adapted to film by director Ivan Passer as Cutter s Way in 1981 starring John Heard as Cutter, Jeff Bridges as Bone, and Lisa Eichhorn as Mo Maureen . Release details Thornburg, Newton. Cutter and Bone . Serpent s Tail reprint , 2001. ISBN 1 85242 676 4 Category 1976 novels Category American thriller novels thriller novel stub ... more details
File ScleroticMets.PNG thumb Sclerotic breast cancer metastasizes in the pelvis. Bone metastases , or cancer metastases to the bone , are a major clinical concern that can cause severe pain, bone fractures, spinal cord compression, hypercalcemia , and rapid degradation in the quality of life for patients. The bone microenvironment, and the ECM in particular, play a major role in the preferential metastasis to bone by certain cancers, mainly prostate cancer prostate and breast cancer . Types of cancer that most commonly metastasize to bone include Prostate cancer prostate , Breast cancer breast , and Lung cancer lung cancers , although all types of cancer are capable of doing so. Osteoblastic vs. osteolytic The behavior of bone metastases can be characterized as osteoblastic, osteolytic or mixed, based on the effect on surrounding bone. All are a result of dysregulation of the normal bone remodeling mechanisms, caused by tumor host cell interactions. Osteoblastic tumors cause an abnormal formation of bone by direct secretion of bone extracellular matrix ECM proteins and by indirect stimulation of osteoblast s. Osteolytic tumors cause abnormal resorption of bone by proteolytic enzymes and through actions on osteoclast s. Osteolysis can release sequestered growth factor s from the ECM, resulting in a cyclical feedback loop that leads to further stimulation of osteoclasts and continued bone resorption. As bone mass is lost, tumors can then continue to proliferate in their place and grow ... of the primary tumor. See also bone tumor Sources Castronovo, A. B. a. V. 1997 . Expression of Bone Matrix Proteins in Human Breast Cancer Potential Roles in Microcalcifacation Formation and in the Genesis of Bone Metastases. Bull. Cancer 84 1 17 24. Chambers, A. 2001 . The functional and clinical ... . Expression of Bone Sialoprotein and Osteopontin in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis. Clinical Experimental ... simple Bone metastases ... more details
links BUHistology 02601lba Cartilage and Bone and Bone Histogenesis trabecular, woven and lamellar bone cite web title Fractal Analysis of Trabecular Bone publisher University of Washington url http ... analysis of trabecular bone accessdate October 2010 Bone and cartilage musculoskeletal stub Category ... more details
ratio approximating that of human bone. Artificial bone refers to bone like material created in a laboratory that can be used in bone grafting bone grafts , to replace human bone that was lost due to severe ... BONE GRAFTS PRO OSTEON ref Overview Bone s are rigid organs that serve various functions in the human ... production from bone marrow , etc. Bone is a very complex tissue strong, elastic, and self repairing. ref cite news url http www.nytimes.com 2009 04 28 science 28angi.html? r 1 title Bone, a Masterpiece ... 2010 04 25 ref Damaged bone can be replaced with bone from other parts of the body autografts , from ... much bone is available, while the other options can result in rejection by the human body. ref cite ... bone in the maxillofacial region ref There has been much research towards creating artificial bone. Richard J. Lagow, at the University of Texas at Austin , developed a way of creating a strong bone like porous structure from bone powder, which, when introduced in the body, can allow the growth of blood vessels, and which can be gradually replaced by natural bone. ref cite web url http www.faqs.org health topics 89 Artificial bone.html title Artificial bone ref Research at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has resulted in a metal ceramic composite that has, like bone, a fine microstructure, and which may help create artificial bone. ref cite web url http www.physorg.com news10408.html title Secrets of the Sea Yield Stronger Artificial Bone ref A team of British scientists have developed injectable bone , a soft substance which hardens in the body. They won the Medical Futures ... cite web url http www.cosmosmagazine.com news 2422 injectable liquid bone developed title Injectable artificial bone developed ref Researchers at Columbia University have grown an anatomically correct human jawbone from stem cell s, though it was solid bone without the normal accessory tissues such as bone marrow , cartilage , or a connectable blood supply. ref cite news title Jaw bone created from ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Irregular bone Latin os irregulare GraySubject 17 GrayPage 80 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre o 07 DorlandsSuf 12598430 Example s Ear Ear Consists of 3 tiny irregular bones. The rest Cartilage The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone , short bone , flat bone or sesamoid bone . Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue such as the vertebrae protect the spinal cord , affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment as with the sacrum , and maintaining pharynx and Vertebrate trachea trachea support, and tongue attachment such as the hyoid bone . They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone . The irregular bones are the vertebr , sacrum , coccyx , temporal bone temporal , sphenoid , ethmoid , zygomatic bone zygomatic , maxilla , Human mandible mandible , palatine bone palatine , inferior nasal concha , and hyoid . References http 216.251.232.159 semdweb internetsomd ASP 1496564.asp Stedman s Online Medical Dictionary, 27th Edition Gray s Bone and cartilage Category Irregular bones musculoskeletal stub pl Ko ci r nokszta tne ru simple Irregular bone th ... more details
Bone ash is the white, powdery ash left from the burning calcination of bone s. It is primarily composed of calcium phosphate . It is commonly used in fertilizer s, polishing compounds, and in making ceramic s such as bone china . It also has historical uses in the manufacture of baking powder s and assay cupel s. Although chemical synthesis synthetic alternatives have been produced synthetic tricalcium phosphate tri or dicalcium phosphate s , the majority of bone china is still made using natural bone ash Fact date February 2007 . Synthetic bone ash has also found use as a mold release agent for the casting of non ferrous metals such as copper . See also Bone char References MW 1935 date August 2008 Category Inorganic compounds Category Bone products Ash chem stub material stub ja fi Luutuhka zh ... more details
Krayzie Bone A member of the rap hip hop group Bone Thugs n Harmony . Gogo s Crazy Bones small, collectible figurines, popular in the 1990s and 2000 s. disambig a toy they are mini firues they are fun ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A dermal bone membrane bone the pattern and form of bones derived from intramembranous ossification , versus endochondral bone formed by endochondral ossification define essential components of the vertebrate skeleton including the skull, jaws, gills, fins and exoskeleton. The function of dermal bone is conserved throughout vertebrates, varying in shape and numbers of bones in the skull roof and postcranial structures. In bony fish , dermal bone is found throughout the body in the fin rays and scales. Dermal bone is formed within the Dermis Grows by accretion only outer portion of the bone depositing more by use of osteocytes e.g. Clavicle, Patella, os cordis References reflist DEFAULTSORT Dermal Bone Category Vertebrate anatomy Category Dermal and subcutaneous growths Musculoskeletal stub dermatology stub te ... more details
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