ethnic group group Iraqw image Image Iraqw Man.jpg 150px Beja Bedouins image caption Iraqw man region1 flagcountry Tanzania rels Christianity , Islam langs Iraqw language Iraqw related Cushitic languages Cushitic people The Iraqw , known as the Mbulu in Swahili language Swahili , are a Cushitic people of the Arusha Region Arusha and Manyara Region s of north central Tanzania , near the Great Rift Valley Rift Valley wall and south of Ngorongoro Crater . In 2001 the Mbulu population was estimated to number 462,000 http www.ethnologue.com show country.asp?name TZ . The Iraqw language belongs to the South Cushitic languages South Cushitic branch of the Afro Asiatic family. The core area of the Iraqw is Iraqw ar Da aw or Mama Issara in the Mbulu Highlands . It has long been known for its locally developed intensive cultivation, and referred to as an island within a matrix of less intensive cultivation. ref B rjeson, L. A History under Siege Intensive Agriculture in the Mbulu Highlands, Tanzania, 19th Century to the Present . 2004, Stockholm University ref The areas surrounding Karatu Town in the Arusha Region are also predominantly settled by the Iraqw. Genetics Recent advances in genetic analyses helped shed some light on the ethnogenesis of the Iraqw people. Their autosome autosomal DNA has been examined in a comprehensive study on African genetics Tishkoff et al. 2009 , their genetic profile suggests they descend from the first wave of migrations by Southern Cushitic speakers ancestral to the Iraqw, Gorowa people Gorowa Fiome , Burunge people Burunge , and Mbugu , moving south from Ethiopia into Kenya and then into Tanzania where they currently reside. The Iraqw did not absorb ... by the practice of endogamy in this community. References Mous, Maarten. 1993. A Grammar of Iraqw ... Africa Tanzania ethno group stub bg de Iraqw Volk es Iraqw eo Irakvoj fr Iraqw peuple sw Wairaqw ja ru sr sv Iraqw ... more details
Infobox Language name Iraqw native name K ngw Iraqw familycolor Afro Asiatic states Tanzania region Arusha Region speakers 462,000 2001 fam1 Afro Asiatic languages Afro Asiatic fam2 Cushitic languages Cushitic fam3 South Cushitic languages South fam4 Rift fam5 West Rift fam6 NW Rift fam7 Iraqwoid iso3 irk Iraqw is a Cushitic languages Cushitic language spoken in Tanzania in the Arusha Region Arusha and Manyara Region s. It is expanding in numbers, as the Iraqw people accept neighboring ethnic groups. The language has a large number of Datooga language Datooga loanwords, especially in poetical language. The Gorowa language to the south shares numerous similarities and is sometimes considered a dialect. Notes Reflist References http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code irk Ethnologue entry for Iraqw Maarten, Mous. 1993. A grammar of Iraqw . Hamburg Buske. Mous, Maarten, Martha Qorro, Roland Kie ling. 2002. Iraqw English Dictionary. With an English and a Thesaurus Index . Cushitic Language Studies Volume 18. External links http wold.livingsources.org vocabulary 2 Iraqw language topical vocabulary list from the http wold.livingsources.org vocabulary World Loanword Database Category South Cushitic languages Category Languages of Tanzania AfroAsiatic lang stub Tanzania stub ca Iraqw eu Iraqw hizkuntza fr Iraqw langue sw Kiiraqw no Iraqw pms Lenga Iraqw pl J zyk iraku ... more details
Infobox Language name Mbugwe nativename familycolor Niger Congo states Tanzania speakers 24,000 in 1999 fam2 Atlantic Congo languages Atlantic Congo fam3 Benue Congo languages Benue Congo fam4 Bantoid languages Bantoid fam5 Bantu languages Bantu fam6 Guthrie classification of Bantu languages Zone F Zone F fam7 Nilamba Rangi F.30 iso3 mgz Mbugwe or Mbuwe Kimbugwe is a Bantu language of spoken by the Mbugwe people of Lake Manyara in the Manyara Region of Tanzania . Mbugwe is isolated from other Bantu languages, being bordered by the locally dominant Cushitic language Iraqw language Iraqw to the west, the Gorowa language or dialect of Iraqw to the south, the Nilotic Maasai language to the east, and the lake to the north. It thus shares only half its vocabulary with its Bantu cousin Rangi language Rangi , despite being very closely related. Category Languages of Tanzania Category Bantu languages nc lang stub sw Kimbugwe no Mbugwe ... more details
The Kw adza were an ethnic and linguistic group based in the Mbulu District of central Tanzania , distinct from but related to the Iraqw . In 1999 Ethnologue reported that the Kw adza language had become extinct, though no information was given regarding whether living descendents of the Kw adza people identify themselves as such http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code wka . Category Ethnic groups in Tanzania Tanzania ethno group stub eu Kw adza hizkuntza pms Lenga Kw adza ... more details
phoneme s written b and v merging into one. In the Cushitic language Iraqw language Iraqw , d has lenited to r between vowels, but r has undergone fortition to d word initially. In addition ... more details
influenced the Iraqw language which has occupied much former Datooga territory and has absorbed Datooga through intermarriage for example, the Iraqw use Datooga vocabulary for poetic language. Datooga ... more details
Image Bucket hat line drawing.svg thumb A bucket hat. This example has two eyelets on each side for ventilation and the brim is angled sharply downwards. wiktionary Unreferenced date January 2008 A bucket hat , or fishing hat , is a soft cotton hat with a wide and downwards sloping brim which is worn by both men and women. The brim offers shade from the sun for the eyes and face. The hat is usually made from heavy duty cotton fabric such as denim or canvas . Two metal eyelets are commonly placed on each side of the hat so that it is cool to wear on hot days. A similar hat is used officially by the U.S. Navy for enlisted Uniforms of the United States Navy Service Dress service dress uniforms, commonly referred to as a Dixie Cup hat, as in the Dixie cup Dixie cups manufacturer brand . Bucket hats are favored by glider aircraft glider pilots, who require shade in their cockpits but cannot wear wide brimmed hats because they must be able to see in all directions. In the UK this style of hat is occasionally known as a Reni Hat after Stone Roses drummer Reni Alan Wren who was easily identified by his bucket hat. In Australia, this hat is referred to as a giggle hat . In Tanzania, it is very popular among elders, especially among the Iraqw people. In South Africa, it is known as ispoti and is very popular with urban black youth, representing being streetwise without copying foreign hip hop trends. In Israel, it is known as a Rafael hat , as Rafael Eitan , an Israeli general, politician, and former Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces used to wear one. DEFAULTSORT Bucket Hat Category Hats fr Bob chapeau he zh ... more details
ethnic group Arusha and Meru people Meru people live near Mt. Meru. Rwa , Mbulu, Iraqw people Iraqw , Temi , and Mbugwe people Mbugwe are also present in smaller areas. The city of Arusha is currently ... more details
B2a1a Y DNA has been found in 11 1 9 of a small sample of Iraqw people Iraqw males from Tanzania ..., ref name Tishkoff2007 5 2 43 of a sample of Iraqw people Wairak from Tanzania, ref name Luis2004 ... Wood2005 This haplogroup also has been found in an Iraqw people Iraqw South Cushitic individual from ... more details
The Sirikwa were an ethnic group in the Western Highlands of Kenya , being most prominent from 12th to 15th century. ref name encyclopedia Kevin Shillington 2005 http books.google.com books?id Ftz gtO pngC&pg PA1367&lpg PA1367&dq 22sirikwa holes 22&source bl&ots IuzEspguqW&sig cqNfxVqw0ZuHZN7 l0BfZdS8cMM&hl en&ei 3li2SoOgNeqd4Aaj7ol9&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 5 v onepage&q 22sirikwa 20holes 22&f false Encyclopedia of African history, Volume 1 . CRC Press. ISBN 1579584535 ref The area inhabited by Sirikwa expanded to today s Sotik , Nakuru , Cherangani Hills , Mount Elgon and Eldoret . ref name communities Wanguhu Ng ang a 2008 http www.kenyacommunities.org articles&downloads Chapter 20One.pdf KENYA ETHNIC COMMUNITIES FOUNDATION OF THE NATION Chapter One ref The Sirikwa were primarily cattle herders, but they also carried out small scale cultivation and gathering of fruits and other wild plants. ref name encyclopedia The Sirikwa disappeared as an ethnic group in the 17th and 18th century by amalgating to new communities in the area, such as Maasai and Kalenjin people Kalenjin s. Their language may have contributed to the Kalenjin languages . ref name communities Sirikwa are also sometimes identified with the Oropom . ref name thousand John Sutton 1990 A Thousand Years of East Africa. British Institute in East Africa. ISBN 1 872566 00 6 ref Although not ethnically closely related and despite different lifestyles, the Sirikwa had a close economical and cultural relationship with the hunter gatherer tribe of Ogiek . They also shared linguistic similarities. ref name communities The Sengwer community living in the Cherangani Hills claim descendance from the Sirikwa, though assimilated to the Pokot since colonial times until the change of government in 2002. Sirikwa were possibly linked to the Engaruka in Tanzania s crater highlands ref name thousand and related to the Iraqw Mbulu people who still live nearby and speak a distinct South Cushitic language. Sirikw ... more details
from Madagascar , Fon people Fon from Benin , Iraqw from Tanzania , ref Called Wairak and misidentified ... peoples Bantus from Kenya, ref name Luis2004 and 2 1 43 of a sample of Iraqw from Tanzania. ref ... more details
, ti er vint ri Indonesian language Indonesian Dahulu kala... Long time ago... Iraqw Tanzania, Kenya ... something that our father told me and that is this are common Iraqw Kar an ng te e to k a inhl w ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name E1b1 map origin date 35000 years BP origin place East Africa ref name semino2004 http www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov articlerender.fcgi?artid 1181965& Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y Chromosome Haplogroups E and J ref ancestor Haplogroup E1b Y DNA E1b descendants Haplogroup E1b1a Y DNA E1b1a , Haplogroup E1b1b Y DNA E1b1b mutations DYS391p, P2 PN2, P179, P180, P181 In human genetics , Haplogroup E1b1 E P2 PN2 is a human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup . Origin E1b1 is likely to have originated in the highlands of East Africa s Ethiopia , as this is the place with the high frequency of ancestral subclades of this haplogroup. E1b1 is the ancestor of the majority of E subclade lineages existing today. It has diverged into two subclades Haplogroup E1b1a Y DNA E1b1a and Haplogroup E1b1b Y DNA E1b1b approximately 24 27,000 years ago Cruciani et al. 2004 . Distribution This haplogroup is found mostly in Africa , mainly in the forms of its predominant sub clades, E1b1a and E1b1b , with E1b1a being more common in Western Africa , Central Africa , southern Eastern Africa , and Southern Africa and E1b1b being more common in Northern Africa and northern East Africa as well as being found also in Southern Africa and Eurasia Western Eurasia . The paraclade, referred to as E1b1 or E P2 , and including cases which are neither in E1b1a or E1b1b are either rare or nonexistant. So far none have been found. Harvcoltxt Semino et al. 2004 found E1b1 P2 xE1b1b1 M35, xE1b1a1 M2, xE1b1a2 M329 in 10.4 of 48 Ethiopian Amhara people Amhara , 12.8 of 78 Ethiopian Jews, 1.9 of 53 South Africa n Bantu people Bantu , and 2.9 of 139 Senegalese that can be resolved in E1b1a V38, E1b1b M215 or E1b1b2 V16 & M281. ref name semino2004 Wood et al. 2005 have reported finding E1b1 P2 xE1b1a1 P1, xE1b1b1 M35 , which should be resolved into E1b1b M215, E1b1b2 M281, or E1b1a2 M329, in 11 1 9 of a sample of Oromo people Oromo from Ethiopia, 11 1 9 of a sample of Iraqw from Tanzania, ... more details
ref Iraqw people Iraqw ref Called Wairak and misidentified as Bantu in the studies. ref Iraqw language Iraqw Cushitic languages Cushitic Tanzania 2 43 4.7 Amhara people Amhara Amharic language Amharic ... more details
14 Koh56a Kohl Larsen 1956a 14 ref Isanzu people The Isanzu people neighbor the Hadza. Unlike the Iraqw people Iraqw and the cattle raiding Maasai people Maasai who used to lead raids towards Isanzu ... more details
Eskimo Aleut languages Eskimo Aleut Inuvialuktun Eskimo Aleut languages Eskimo Aleut Iraqw language Iraqw Cushitic languages Cushitic Irish language Irish or Irish Gaelic Celtic languages Celtic Irish ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
