Intracrine refers to a hormone that acts inside a cell biology cell . Steroid hormones act through cell receptor intracellular mostly nuclear receptors and, thus, are considered to be intracrines. In contrast, peptide or protein hormones, in general, act as endocrine s, autocrine s, or paracrine s by binding to their receptors present on the cell surface. Several peptide protein hormones or their isoform s also act inside the cell through different mechanisms. These peptide protein hormones, which have intracellular functions, are also called intracrines. The term intracrine is thought to have been coined to represent peptide protein hormones that also have intracellular actions. The biological effects produced by intracellular actions are referred as intracrine effects, whereas those produced by binding to cell surface receptors are called endocrine, autocrine , or paracrine effects, depending on the origin of the hormone. The intracrine effect of some of the peptide protein hormones are similar to their endocrine, autocrine, or paracrine effects however, these effects are different for some other hormones. References Re RN. The intracrine hypothesis and intracellular peptide hormone action. Bioessays. 2003 Apr 25 4 401 9. PMID 12655647. Re RN. The origins of intracrine hormone action. Am J Med Sci. 2002 Jan 323 1 43 8. PMID 11814142 Kumar R, Singh VP, Baker KM. The intracellular renin angiotensin system a new paradigm. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2007 May 15. DOI 10.1016 j.tem.2007.05.001 PMID 17509892. Fiaschi Taesch NM, Stewart AF. Minireview parathyroid hormone related protein as an intracrine factor trafficking mechanisms and functional consequences. Endocrinology. 2003 Feb 144 2 407 11. DOI 10.1210 en.2002 220818 PMID 12538599. Sorensen V, Nilsen T, Wiedlocha A. Functional diversity of FGF 2 isoforms by intracellular sorting. Bioessays. 2006 May 28 5 504 14. PMID 16615083. Cell signaling Category Cell biology Cell biology stub fr Communication intracrine ... more details
Autocrine signaling is a form of signaling in which a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger called the autocrine agent that binds to autocrine receptors on the same cell , leading to changes in the cell. ref Pandit, Nikita K. Introduction to the pharmaceutical sciences , page 238, 2007 ref This can be contrasted with paracrine signaling , intracrine signaling, or classical endocrine signaling. Examples An example of an autocrine agent is the cytokine interleukin 1 in monocytes . When interleukin 1 is produced in response to external stimuli, it can bind to cell surface receptor biochemistry receptors on the same cell that produced it. Citation needed date October 2009 Another example occurs in activated T cell lymphocytes , i.e., when a T cell is induced to mature by binding to a peptide MHC complex on a professional antigen presenting cell and by the B7 protein B7 CD28 costimulatory signal. Upon activation, low affinity Interleukin 2 IL 2 receptors are replaced by high affinity IL 2 receptors consisting of , , and chains. The cell then releases IL 2, which binds to its own new IL 2 receptors, causing self stimulation and ultimately a monoclonal population of T cells. These T cells can then go on to perform effector functions such as macrophage activation, B cell activation, and cell mediated cytoxicity . Citation needed date October 2009 See also Paracrine signaling Intracrine Endocrine system External links GPnotebook 2140799033 MeshName Autocrine signaling http www.sysbio.org research bsi cellsignal ligand.stm Autocrine versus juxtacrine signaling modes illustration at sysbio.org References reflist Cell signaling Category Signal transduction Cell biology stub de Autokrine Sekretion es Liberaci n autocrina fr Communication autocrine it Autocrino pl Wydzielanie autokrynowe pt Aut crino sv Autokrin ... more details
Intracellular receptors are receptor biochemistry receptor s located inside the cell biology cell rather than on its cell membrane . Examples are the class of nuclear receptor s located in the cell nucleus and the IP3 receptor IP sub 3 sub receptor located on the endoplasmic reticulum . The ligand s that bind to them are usually intracellular second messenger s like inositol trisphosphate IP sub 3 sub and extracellular lipophilicity lipophilic hormone s like steroid hormone s. Some intracrine peptide hormone s also have intracellular receptors. Members This list is mirrored on receptor biochemistry and nuclear receptor please update all simultaneously Transcription factors Steroid hormone receptor Sex hormone receptor s sex hormone s Estrogen receptor and Androgen receptor one type Vitamin D receptor vitamin D , one type Glucocorticoid receptor glucocorticoid s, one type Mineralocorticoid receptor mineralocorticoids , one type Thyroid hormone receptor and Retinoic acid receptor vitamin A and related compounds Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor s PPARs, , and Retinoid X receptor Farnesoid X receptor Liver X receptor Pregnane X receptor Constitutive androstane receptor Various Sigma 1 receptor Sigma sub 1 sub neuroactive steroid neurosteroids IP3 receptor IP sub 3 sub receptor inositol triphosphate , IP sub 3 sub this is ligan bind protein receptors. See also Receptor biochemistry Receptor Steroid hormone this receptor is one of main component of cells which carries the signal. External links http www.nuclear receptor.com Nuclear Receptor journal homepage http nrr.georgetown.edu NRR nrrhome.htm Nuclear receptor resource at Georgetown University http www.nursa.org Nuclear receptor signalling atlas NURSA, open access journal Transcription factors Cell signaling Category Intracellular receptors Intracellular receptors it Recettore intracellulare zh ... more details
author Fiaschi Taesch NM, Stewart AF title Minireview parathyroid hormone related protein as an intracrine ... protein with distinct paracrine and intracrine roles journal Vitam. Horm. volume 66 issue pages 345 ... more details
nucleus by an intracrine mechanism. For hormones such as Steroid hormone steroid or Thyroid hormone ... Plant hormones or plant growth regulators Autocrine signaling Paracrine signaling Intracrine ... more details
Liang, Zhang Chenggang, Chen Huipeng, He Fuchu year 2002 month Jan. title Intracrine hepatopoietin ... Y, Zhao Y, et al. title Intracrine hepatopoietin potentiates AP 1 activity through JAB1 independent ... more details
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