Intersystemcrossing is a radiationless process involving a transition between two electronic states with different spin multiplicity . ref GoldBookRef title Intersystemcrossing file I03123 ref Singlet and triplet states When an electron in a molecule with a singlet ground state is excited via absorption of radiation to a higher energy level, either an excited singlet state or an excited triplet state will form. A singlet state is a molecular electronic state such that all Electron spin electron spins are paired. That is, the spin of the excited electron is still paired with the ground state electron a pair of electrons in the same energy level must have opposite spins, per the Pauli exclusion principle . In a triplet state the excited electron is no longer paired with the ground state electron that is, they are parallel same spin . Since excitation to a triplet state involves an additional forbidden spin transition, it is more probable that an excited singlet will form upon absorption of radiation. Image ISC excited states.png thumb 300 px right Singlet and triplet energy levels. When a singlet state nonradiatively transitions to a triplet state, that process is known as intersystemcrossing. In essence, the spin of the excited electron is reversed. The probability of this process occurring is more favorable when the vibrational levels of the two excited states overlap, since little or no energy must be gained or lost in the transition. As the spin orbital interactions in such molecules are substantial and a change in spin is thus more favourable, intersystemcrossing is most ... intersystemcrossing. ref Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, and Timothy A. Nieman. Principles ... is observed, phosphorescence is another manifestation of intersystemcrossing. The time scale of intersystemcrossing is on the order of 10 sup 8 sup to 10 sup 3 sup s, one of the slowest forms of relaxation ... symmetry de IntersystemCrossing fr Conversion intersyst me it Incrocio intersistema ru ... more details
wiktionary crossingCrossing may refer to Entertainment Crossing 2005 film Crossing 2005 film , a Canadian independent feature film Crossing 2008 film Crossing 2008 film , a South Korean film Animal Crossing , a video game Other Crossing physics , the relation between particle and antiparticle scattering Crossing architecture , the junction of the four arms of a cruciform church Crossing river , any means to get from one riverbank to the other Border crossing Voice crossing , compositional technique Road crossing disambiguation , various types Sign of the Cross , or crossing oneself , a ritual hand motion made by members of many branches of Christianity See also Cross disambiguation Crossing the Line disambiguation Crossing the T Crossing the Rubicon disambiguation The Crossing disambiguation Global Crossing , communications company lookfrom intitle disambig cs P ejezd es Cruce ja ru ... more details
The Crossing may refer to The Crossing album The Crossing album , an album, and song, by Big Country The Crossing Church , a megachurch in Quincy, Illinois The Crossing Sanjay Mishra album The Crossing Sanjay Mishra album The Crossing Star Trek Enterprise The Crossing Enterprise , the 44th episode of the television series Star Trek Enterprise The Crossing The Twilight Zone The Crossing The Twilight Zone The Crossing 1990 film The Crossing 1990 film , a film starring Russell Crowe and Danielle Spencer The Crossing 2000 film The Crossing 2000 film , a 2000 A&E film based on the novel of the same name by Howard Fast starring Jeff Daniels as George Washington The Crossing 2010 film The Crossing 2010 film , a 2010 Turkish film The Crossing 2011 film , an upcoming film starring Megan Fox The Crossing novel The Crossing novel , a novel by prize winning American author Cormac McCarthy The Crossing Gary Paulsen novel The Crossing Gary Paulsen novel , a novel released in 1990 by Gary Paulsen The Crossing video game The Crossing video game , a first person shooter computer game by Arkane Studios The Crossing , a 1904 historical novel by Winston Churchill novelist , a popular American writer, who later became a New Hampshire state legislator The Crossing, California , unincorporated community in Lassen County The Crossing choral ensemble , a professional choral ensemble directed by Donald Nally The west to east crossing of the Suez Canal by the Egyptian army at the start of the Yom Kippur War in 1973, known as Operation Badr 1973 Operation Badr . See also Cross disambiguation disambig nl The Crossing ... more details
nofootnotes date September 2009 Image Crossing the T.gif thumb 250px right In this animation, the ship near the top is crossing the T of the ship on the bottom. Crossing the T or Capping the T is a classic naval warfare tactic attempted from the late 19th to mid 20th century, in which a line of warship s crossed in front of a line of enemy ships, allowing the crossing line to bring all their guns to bear while receiving fire from only the forward guns of the enemy. It became possible to bring all of a ship s main guns to bear only in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries with the advent of steam powered battleships with rotating gun turrets, which were able to move faster and turn quicker than sailing ships, which had fixed guns facing sideways. The tactic became largely obsolete with the introduction of missile s and aircraft as long range strikes are not dependent on the direction the ships are facing. Tactics When going into battle, ships would assume a battle line formation called line astern , in which one vessel followed another in one or more parallel lines. This allowed each ship to fire over wide arcs without lofting Shell projectile salvoes above friendly vessels. Each ship in the line generally engaged its opposite number in the enemy battle line. Image Crossing the T 1 Man ver.png thumb 200px right The blue ships are crossing the T of the red ships Steaming with the enemy off to the side by crossing the T enabled a ship to launch salvoes at the same target with both the forward and rear turrets, maximizing the chances for a hit. It also made ranging error less critical for the ship doing the crossing, while simultaneously more critical for the ship being crossed. In military terms, this is known as Enfilade and defilade enfilade fire. The tactic, designed for heavily armed and armored battleships, was used with varying degrees of success with more lightly ... Crossing the T Category Military terminology cs P ka T de Crossing the T es Cruzar la T fr Barrer ... more details
wikt Road crossing may refer to Railroad crossing or level crossing Pedestrian crossing Strand Road Crossing , a terminus in the United Kingdom See also lookfrom intitle Road disambiguation Crossing disambiguation Bike crossing disambiguation dab ... more details
Crossing sequence may refer to Crossing sequence signal , a sound pattern when a train crosses a level crossingCrossing sequence operation , a sequence of safety actions carried out when a train approeches and passes a level crossingCrossing sequence Turing machines disambig ... more details
Crossing Over may refer to Chromosomal crossover , a cellular process Crossing Over album Crossing Over album , a 1998 album by Hesperus ensemble Hesperus Crossing Over book Crossing Over book , a book by John Edward Crossing Over film Crossing Over film , a 2009 film Crossing Over , a song by Five Finger Death Punch from the album War Is the Answer John Edward Crossing Over with John Edward Crossing Over with John Edward , a television show on which self described psychic John Edward gives readings to audience members disambig de Crossing Over fr Crossing Over ... more details
A Grand crossing is a bridge or tunnel at a major water body. Grand Crossing may also refer to a place in the United States Grand Crossing, Florida Greater Grand Crossing, Chicago , Illinois Disambig ... more details
Washington Crossing may refer to Places Washington s Crossing , the location in both New Jersey and Pennsylvania, a U.S. National Historic Landmark Washington Crossing State Park , Titusville, New Jersey Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania Washington Crossing Historic Park , Pennsylvania Washington Crossing Bridge A historical event Washington s crossing of the Delaware River , a famous American Revolutionary War event that took place December 25, 1776 Art and literature about the event Washington Crossing the Delaware , a painting commemorating the crossing Washington Crossing the Delaware sonnet Washington Crossing the Delaware sonnet , a sonnet by David Schulman about the scene in the painting Washington s Crossing book Washington s Crossing book , a book by David Hackett Fisher The Crossing 2000 film The Crossing 2000 film , an A&E television movie starring Jeff Daniels as George Washington disambig ... more details
Bike crossing may refer to Bicycle sharing system A road crossing in segregated cycle facilities See also Road crossing disambiguation Crossing disambiguation es Bike Crossing Spanish Wikipedia for Spanish philanthropic scheme http www.bike crossing.org disambig ... more details
Crossing the Line may refer to Crossing the Line documentary Crossing the Line documentary , a 2006 documentary by Daniel Gordon Crossing the Line novel Crossing the Line novel , a 2004 novel by Karen Traviss Crossing the Line film Crossing the Line film , a 2002 film by Graeme Clifford Crossing the Line short Crossing the Line short , a 2007 short by Peter Jackson and the first film made with the Red one camera Crossing the Line The Intifada Comes to Campus a 2010 documentary film. The phrase crossing the line may refer to when a film or TV director breaks the 180 degree rule by accident or design during filmmaking a line crossing ceremony in a ship voyage. disambig fr Crossing the Line ... more details
Crossing number may refer to Crossing number knot theory of a knot is the minimal number of crossings in any knot diagram for the knot. The average crossing number is a variant of crossing number obtained from a three dimensional embedding of a knot by averaging over all two dimensional projections. Crossing number graph theory of a graph is the minimal number of edge intersections in any planar representation of the graph. mathdab hu Metsz si sz m egy rtelm s t lap ja ... more details
Delaware Crossing may refer to An event Washington s crossing of the Delaware River with the Continental Army prior to the battle of Trenton on December 25, 1779 Washington Crossing the Delaware , an oil painting depicting the above A place Washington Crossing State Park , a state park of New Jersey Washington Crossing Historic Park , a state park of Pennsylvania Grinter Place , a house on the US National Register of Historic Places above the Kansas River in the Muncie neighborhood of Kansas City, Kansas. disambig ... more details
wikt river crossing A river crossing is a means to get from one river bank to the other and may refer to A ford river A bridge A tunnel Any type of Ferry A cable ferry A reaction ferry A water taxi See also Category Crossings by river River crossing puzzle Crossing the River , a 1993 historical fiction novel by Caryl Phillips Crossing disambiguation disambig ... more details
Image Green man panel.jpg thumb left 120px Control panel at a Pelican crossing Image Green man uk.jpg thumb 200px Green man in the UK Image 20030614 08 Orpington High Street.jpg thumb 200px Pedestrians using a Pelican crossing on a high street A Pelican crossing is a type of pedestrian crossing featuring a pair of poles each with a standard set of traffic lights facing oncoming traffic, a push button and two illuminated, coloured men facing the pedestrian from across the road a red, stationary man to indicate that it is not safe to cross, and a green, walking man to indicate that it is safe to do so. The name is derived from PELICON , an acronym of pe destrian li ght con trolled. The term Pelican crossing originated in the United Kingdom , and is not in official use elsewhere, but similar traffic control devices are in use throughout the world. The Pelican crossing was the first definitive light controlled crossing for pedestrians in the UK, introduced in 1969, after the earlier failed experiment of the panda crossing . Previously only zebra crossing s had been used, which have warning ... of the road to the pedestrian. A puffin crossing has the lights on the same side as the pedestrian a toucan crossing is a crossing for pedestrians and bicycle s a pegasus crossing allows horse riders to cross as well. A HAWK beacon , used experimentally in the USA with a standard pedestrian crossing ..., a Pelican crossing, as distinct from a pedestrian crossing, has the special feature that while the green man flashes to indicate that pedestrians may continue crossing but may not start to cross ... across the road are one crossing, even when there is a central island, therefore traffic must wait for pedestrians who are crossing from the other side of the island. This rule is different to similar standard pedestrian crossings where each portion of the crossing is treated as a separate crossing. See also Pegasus crossing Puffin crossing Toucan crossing Zebra crossing References The History of British ... more details
Border Crossing may refer to Border Crossing album , an album by saxophonist Mike Osborne . Border Crossing band , a UK hip hop collective musical group. Border Crossing novel , a 2001 novel by English author Pat Barker . Border control , the measures used by a country to monitor or regulate its borders. Border checkpoint , the actual place to cross a border. disambig ... more details
The Last Crossing is a novel by Canada Canadian writer Guy Vanderhaeghe . It was first published in 2002 by McClelland and Stewart . A rethinking of the genre of the western fiction western , The Last Crossing is a tale of interwoven lives and stories taking place in the last half of the 19th century, travelling from the United States to England and to Saskatchewan in the Canadian west. Awards and nominations The Last Crossing was one of the selected books in the 2004 edition of Canada Reads , championed by musician Jim Cuddy . The Last Crossing eventually won the competition. Nominated, IMPAC Dublin Literary Award 2004 External links http www.mcclelland.com catalog display.pperl?isbn 0771087381 The Last Crossing at McClelland & Stewart http www.impacdublinaward.ie 2004 20Award Titles Vanderhaeghe.htm IMPAC Dublin Literary Award citation for The Last Crossing DEFAULTSORT Last Crossing, The Category 2002 novels Category Novels by Guy Vanderhaeghe Category Western genre novels Category Secret histories 2000s novel stub ... more details
a kerb side detector monitors the pedestrian s continued presence at the crossing. Should the pedestrian decide to cross prematurely, walk away from the crossing, or wait outside the detection area .... An on crossing detector ensures that the signal for vehicles remains red until the pedestrians have finished crossing within practical limits . Unlike the pelican crossing, there is no transitional flashing phase. See also Pelican crossing Toucan crossing Pegasus crossing Zebra crossing References ... Puffin Pedestrian Crossing, UK Dept. of Transport, 2001 http www.dft.gov.uk 162259 165240 244921 ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Crossing.png thumb 250px Cathedral floor plan crossing is shaded A crossing , in church architecture ecclesiastical architecture , is the junction of the four arms of a cruciform cross shaped church. In a typically oriented church especially of Romanesque architecture Romanesque and Gothic architecture Gothic styles , the crossing gives access to the nave on the west, the transept arms on the north and south, and the quire architecture choir on the east. The crossing is sometimes surmounted by a tower or dome . A large crossing tower is particularly common on English Gothic architecture Gothic cathedrals. With the Renaissance , building a dome above the crossing became popular. Because the crossing is open on four sides, the weight of the tower or dome rests heavily on the corners a stable construction thus required great skill on the part of the builders. In centuries past, it was not uncommon for overly ambitious crossing towers to collapse. A tower may be called a lantern tower if it has openings through which light from outside can shine down to the crossing. In Early Medieval churches, the crossing square was often used as a module , or a unit of measurement. The nave and transept would have lengths that were a certain multiple of the length of the crossing square. This was to ensure that the church was properly proportioned. Gallery gallery Image Cathedrale tourlanterne.jpg Crossing and lantern tower, Rouen Cathedral Image Firenze duomoinside.jpg Crossing with dome, Santa Maria del Fiore , Florence Image Canterbury Cathedral, Central Tower, South Transept &c. engraved by J.LeKeux after a picture by G.Cattermole, 1821 edited.jpg Crossing tower, Canterbury Cathedral Image Notre dame paris top facing east.jpg Fl che above crossing, Notre Dame de Paris Image Toulouse Saint Sernin.jpg Crossing tower, Saint Sernin Basilica Image Plan ... Crossing architecture DEFAULTSORT Crossing Architecture Category Church architecture ar ... more details
noinclude Refimprove date July 2009 noinclude A crossing network is an ATS Alternative Trading Systems that matches buy and sell orders electronically for execution without first routing the order to an exchange or other displayed market, like an ECN Electronic Communication Network , which displays a public quote. Instead the order is either anonymously placed into a black box or flagged to other participants of the crossing network. The advantage of the crossing network is the ability to execute a large block order without impacting the public quote. Examples of crossing networks would be http www.liquidnet.com Liquidnet , http www.pipelinefinancial.com Pipeline , ITG s http www.itg.com offerings posit.php Posit or Goldman Sachs http www.gs.com electronictrading SIGMA X . See also Dark pools of liquidity noinclude DEFAULTSORT Crossing Network Category Financial markets finance stub de Crossing network noinclude ... more details
Infobox Film name Brief Crossing image caption director Catherine Breillat producer eproducer aproducer writer Catherine Breillat starring Sarah Pratt br Gilles Guillain music cinematography Eric Gautier editing Pascale Chavance distributor released September 5, 2001 runtime country awards language budget gross preceded by followed by Brief Crossing Br ve travers e is a French language French film released in 2001 and directed by Catherine Breillat . It stars Sarah Pratt and Gilles Guillain . External links imdb title id 0299594 title Brief Crossing Catherine Breillat DEFAULTSORT Brief Crossing Category 2001 films fr Br ve travers e ... more details
Image TUCANCrossing.jpg thumb Toucan crossing No footnotes date November 2010 A toucan crossing is a type of pedestrian crossing found in the United Kingdom that also allows bicycle s to be ridden across. Since two can , both pedestrians and cyclists, cross together, the name toucan was chosen. Toucan crossings are normally 4 metres 13 feet wide, instead of the 2.8 metre 9 feet width of a pelican crossing or puffin crossing . A green bicycle is displayed next to the green man when cyclists and pedestrians are permitted to cross. Additionally, unlike the pelican crossing , before the lights for vehicles go back to green, a steady red and amber are displayed instead of a flashing amber. The pedestrian cyclist signal lights may be on the near side of the crossing like a puffin crossing , or on the opposite side of the road like a pelican crossing . Signalled cycle only crossings also exist, linking cycle tracks on opposite sides of the road. Cycles may be riden or walked across, but not until the green cycle symbol is showing. ref The Highway Code , Rule 81 ref Another variation on a toucan crossing is the pegasus crossing for horses and their riders. Notes Reflist References The History of British Roadsigns , Dept. for Transport, 2nd Edition, 1999 Pedestrian crossings DEFAULTSORT Toucan Crossing Category Cycling in the United Kingdom Category Pedestrian crossings Category Cycling safety Category Walking in the United Kingdom ... more details
unreferenced date June 2010 A terrace crossing is a geographical zone between the sedimentation downstream part and the erosion upstream part of the river. This zone develops on the location where the transition of erosion to sedimentation takes place. Upstream of the crossing, Terrace geology terraces will exist. The highest terraces will be the oldest. Downstream of the crossing, older sediment sediments will be buried beneath younger Deposition geology deposits . See also Terrace geology Riverterrace Sedimentology Category Landforms Category Sedimentology Category Geomorphology nl Terrassenkruising ... more details
Image PegasusCrossing HydeParkCorner.jpg right thumb Pegasus crossing at Hyde Park Corner , London , with two demand buttons, one raised for equestrians A Pegasus crossing UK also equestrian crossing is a type of signalised pedestrian crossing with special consideration for horse riders. This type of crossing is nicknamed after the mythical winged horse, Pegasus . They are primarily used in the United Kingdom . ref cite book title The Walker s Companion year 2004 author Malcolm Tait page 158 publisher Robson isbn 186105825X page 113 ref At a minimum, these crossings are in the form of a pelican crossing but simply have two control panels, one at the normal height for pedestrians or dismounted riders, and one two metres above the ground for the use of mounted riders, and the green man walk and red man stop pictogram s are replaced with horses. Additional features, to improve safety, include a wooden fence or other barrier and a wider crossing so that the horses are farther away from cars than normal. If the crossing is to be used by pedestrians and cyclists too, then a parallel, separate toucan crossing may be placed next to the Pegasus crossing. ref Cite journal title Design Manual for Roads and Bridges volume 5 section 2 part 4 contribution Provision for Non Motorised Users contribution url http www.standardsforhighways.co.uk dmrb vol5 section2 ta9105.pdf date February 2005 accessdate March 2009 postscript None PDF is 54 pages long, with complex page numbering ref ref UK Department for Transport Traffic Advisory Leaflet on equestrian crossings http www.dft.gov.uk stellent groups dft roads documents page dft roads 508247.pdf , accessed 17 March 2009. ref A66 installation and removal After the upgrading of the A66 road A66 between Greta Bridge and Scotch Corner was completed ... been removed. Gallery gallery Image Equestrian crossing lights.jpg Pegasus Crossing lights for horse ... light control and coordination Pelican crossing Toucan crossing Zebra crossing References reflist External ... more details
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