Intermetallics or intermetallic compounds is a term that is used in a number of different ways. Most commonly it refers to solid state phases involving metal s. There is a research definition adhered to generally in scientific publications, and a wider common use term. There is also a completely different use in coordination chemistry , where it has been used to refer to complexes containing two or more different metals. Although the term intermetallic compounds , as it applies to solid phases, has been in use for many years, its introduction was regretted, for example by Hume Rothery in 1955. ref Electrons, atoms, metals and alloys W. Hume Rothery Publisher The Louis Cassier Co. Ltd 1955 ref Note that many intermetallic compounds are often simply called alloys , even though strictly speaking they are not. For example, complex metallic alloys are intermetallic compounds with large unit cell ... Cp sub 6 sub Ni sub 2 sub Zn sub 4 sub . Intermetallics involving two or more metallic elements Intermetallic ... bond metallic and covalent bond covalent ionic bond ionic bonding, respectively. Intermetallics ... e.g. nickel aluminide , Ni sub 3 sub Al dental amalgam s which are alloys of intermetallics Ag sub 3 sub Sn and Cu sub 3 sub Sn The formation of intermetallics can cause problems. Gold aluminium intermetallicsIntermetallics of gold and aluminium are a significant cause of wire bonding wire bond failures ... of intermetallics through history include Roman yellow brass , CuZn Chinese high tin bronze , Cu ... with an intermetallic compound or an alloy of one. References Intermetallics, Wiley VCH, Weinheim ... pdf Intermetallics , Gerhard Sauthoff, Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley Interscience ... home 423924 description description Intermetallics , scientific journal http nepp.nasa.gov wirebond ... Intermetallics project IMPRESS Intermetallics project at the European Space Agency http www.mpc.ameslab.gov ... freezing Category Intermetallics cs Intermetalick f ze de Intermetallische Verbindung fa ... more details
Summary Trends of crystal structures in databases over the last decade. Organics covers organic molecules and metal organic compounds. Metals represents metals, alloys, and intermetallics. Inorganics means inorganic compounds and minerals. Proteins covers all biological macromolecules. Author Peter Sondergeld Source newsletter archives http www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk products csd CSD , http www.tothcanada.com databases.htm CRYSTMET , http www.fiz karlsruhe.de icsd content.html ICSD , and http www.rcsb.org pdb home home.do PDB . Licensing PD self date June 2008 ... more details
Magnesium aluminide is an intermetallic compound of magnesium and aluminium . Common phases molecular structures include the beta phase Mg sub 2 sub Al sub 3 sub and the gamma phase Mg sub 17 sub Al sub 12 sub , which both have cubic crystal system cubic crystal structures. Magnesium aluminides are important constituents of 5XXX aluminium alloys aluminium magnesium and magnesium aluminium alloys, determining many of their engineering properties. MgAl has also been investigated for use as a reactant to produce metal hydride s in hydrogen storage technology. Like many intermetallics, MgAl compounds often have unusual stoichiometry stoichiometries with large and complex crystal structure unit cells . References cite journal journal Intermetallics volume 11 pages 373 376 year 2003 title Extended Homogeneity Range of Intermetallic Phases in Mechanically Alloyed Mg Al Alloys author D. Singh, C. Suryanarayana, L. Mertus, and R H. Chen doi 10.1016 S0966 9795 03 00005 0 inorganic compound stub Category Alloys Category Aluminides Category Magnesium compounds ... more details
Beryllide is an intermetallic compound of beryllium with other metals, e.g. zirconium , tantalum , titanium , nickel , or cobalt . Beryllides of cobalt and nickel have Metallurgy metallurgical importance as the precipitated phase in beryllium copper alloy s. In nuclear technology , beryllides are investigated as neutron multipliers. Iron beryllide FeBe sub 5 sub fibers in iron aluminide matrix are investigated as a composite material . External links http sbir.nasa.gov SBIR abstracts 90.html http adsabs.harvard.edu cgi bin nph bib query?bibcode 2004JNuM..329..112K& db key PHY& data type HTML& format alloy stub Category Beryllium compounds Category Intermetallics ... more details
Titanium aluminide , Titanium Ti Aluminium Al , is an intermetallics intermetallic chemical compound . It is lightweight and resistant to oxidation and heat, however it suffers from low ductility . The density of phase transformations in solids gamma TiAl is about 4.0 g cm . It finds use in several applications including automobiles and aircraft. The development of TiAl based alloys began about 1970 however the alloys have only been used in these applications since about 2000. Titanium aluminide has three major intermetallic compounds gamma TiAl, alpha 2 Ti sub 3 sub Al and TiAl sub 3 sub . Among the three, gamma TiAl has received the most interest and applications. Gamma TiAl has excellent mechanical properties and oxidation and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures over 600 degrees Celsius , which makes it a possible replacement for traditional Ni based superalloy components in aircraft turbine engines. TiAl based alloys have a strong potential to increase the thrust to weight ratio in the aircraft engine. This is especially the case with the engine s low pressure turbine blades and the high pressure compressor blades. These are traditionally made up of Ni based superalloy, which is nearly twice as dense as TiAl based alloys. General Electric has recently announced that gamma TiAl low pressure turbine blades will be used on its General Electric GEnx GEnx engine, which powers the Boeing 787 and Boeing 747 8 aircraft. This is the first large scale use of this material on a commercial jet engine. The TiAl LPT blades are cast by Precision Castparts Corp. and it Avio azienda Avio s.p.a. External links http gltrs.grc.nasa.gov reports 1999 TM 1999 209071.pdf Titanium Aluminide ... Aluminides Intermetallics on azom.com. http www.flightglobal.com Articles 2006 06 13 207148 Power House.html Power House GEnx TiAl LPT Blade Announcement cite journal journal Intermetallics volume ... Teresa year 2004 Category Aluminides Category Titanium alloys Category Intermetallics inorganic compound ... more details
intermetallics can be prevented either by using bonding processes that avoid high temperatures ... Aluminium Intermetallics Category Corrosion Category Gold Category Aluminium compounds Category Integrated circuits Category Intermetallics de Purpurpest ... more details
White plague can refer to Any epidemic disease that makes the patients appear pale, especially tuberculosis during the 19th and early 20th century. The White Plague , a 1982 science fiction novel by Frank Herbert featuring a bioengineered plague that kills females. The White Disease Czech B l nemoc , a 1937 play by Karel Capek. In microelectronics, a white gold aluminium intermetallics gold aluminium intermetallic compound that degrades wire bonding between gold and aluminum A disease caused by Aurantimonadaceae Aurantimonas coralicida bacteria, affecting and killing corals during summer. The sub replacement fertility phenomenon, the decline in some nations of birthrates. See also Black plague Purple plague Red plague disambiguation disambig ... more details
Expert subject Technology date November 2008 Complex metallic alloys CMA s are intermetallics intermetallic compounds characterized by the following structural features large unit cell s, comprising some tens up to thousands of atoms, the presence of well defined atom cluster physics clusters , frequently of icosahedral point group symmetry , the occurrence of inherent disorder in the ideal structure. Research Most physical properties of CMAs show distinct differences with respect to the behaviour of normal metallic alloys and therefore these materials possess a high potential for technological application. Since 2005, the European Commission is funding the Network of Excellence CMA http www.cma ecnoe.org , which unites 19 core groups in 12 countries. Examples Example Phase matter phases are Aluminium Al Magnesium Mg 1168 atoms per unit cell, face centred Cubic crystal system cubic , atoms arranged in Friauf polyhedron polyhedra . Al Palladium Pd Manganese Mn 318 atoms per unit cell, face centred Orthorhombic crystal system orthorhombic , atoms arranged in Mackay type clusters. T Mg Al Zinc Zn Bergman phase 163 atoms per unit cell, body centred cubic, atoms arranged in Bergman clusters. T Al sub 3 sub Mn Taylor phase 204 atoms per unit cell, face centred orthorohombic, atoms arranged in Mackay type clusters. Further reading cite journal last Urban first Knut coauthors Feuerbacher, M. title Structurally complex alloy phases journal Journal of Non Crystalline Solids volume 334 335 pages 143 150 publisher Elsevier B.V. date 2004 03 15 doi 10.1016 j.jnoncrysol.2003.11.029 External links http www.cma ecnoe.org EC Network of Excellence Complex Metallic Alloys Category Intermetallics chemistry stub ... more details
Grenoble High Magnetic Field Laboratory , published in August, 2005 s issue of Science , that uranium rhodium germanium URhGe is the first discovered metal that becomes superconducting in the presence of an extremely strong electromagnetic field . Very unlike other superconducting materials, whose superconducting properties can be lost due to strong magnetic fields, uranium rhodium germanium actually regains superconducting abilities at about 8 tesla unit teslas . Process URhGe s critical temperature T sub c sub is normally about 280 millikelvin s. The Grenoble team in France , headed by Andrew D. Huxley , first cooled down the sample below its critical temperature and raised the magnetic field to 2 T. As expected, the sample s superconducting properties vanished. However, when the team raised the magnetic field to 8 T, the superconducting behavior continued. The critical temperature at that field strength increased to about 400 millikelvins. The sample retained the superconducting state until 13 T. They also found that at 12 T, the URhGe sample experienced a magnetic phase transition . External links http www.sciencemag.org cgi content abstract 309 5739 1343 Science article in which it was published Category Intermetallics Category Superconductors Category Alloys Category Uranium Category Germanium compounds alloy stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 The hot chamber zinc alloy Superloy allows the production of thin walled die castings with excellent tolerances. The alloy s mechanical properties also show advantages over traditional zinc alloys for die casting. Metallurgy This alloy shows excellent creep resistance properties due to its special chemical composition zinc with 6.6 to 7.2 aluminium Al and 3.0 to 3.6 copper Cu . In the ternary diagram, Superloy is situated close to the eutectic point. Although the alloy is composed of two elements with a higher melting point, the solidify temperature is smaller than that of e.g. ZL5. Uses There are varied uses of Superloy. Superloy is a suitable material for a compromise between thinwalled structure and high mechanical properties demand. It enables designers to design zinc alloy parts that could not be made out of other materials due to different parameters such as casting techniques, mechanical and physical conditions . Moreover, Superloy is an ideal casting alloy for electronic parts, connectors, adapters and small precision parts. See also List of alloys Intermetallics Zinc aluminum ZAMAK Category Zinc alloys Alloy stub de Superloy ... more details
Laves phases are intermetallic phase matter phases that have composition AB sub 2 sub and are named for Fritz Laves who first described them. The phases are classified on the basis of geometry alone. There are three different classification classes cube cubic , hexagonal MgZn sub 2 sub , and hexagonal MgNi sub 2 sub . The latter two classes are unique forms of the hexagonal arrangement, but share the same basic structure. In general, the A atoms are ordered as in diamond, hexagonal diamond, or a related structure, and the B atoms form tetrahedra around the A atoms for the AB sub 2 sub structure. ref http cst www.nrl.navy.mil lattice struk laves.html, Accessed on 2009 2 26. ref Laves phases are of particular interest in modern metallurgy research because of their abnormal physical and chemical properties. Many hypothetical or primitive applications have been developed. However, little practical knowledge has been elucidated from Laves phase study so far. A characteristic feature is the almost perfect electrical conductivity, but they are not plastically deformable at room temperature. References reflist Category Intermetallics de Laves Phasen ja ru sk Lavesove f zy ... more details
Infobox Scientist name Friedrich Heusler image image width caption birth date February 1, 1866 birth place Dillenburg , Germany residence Image Flag of Germany.svg 20px Germany nationality Image Flag of Germany.svg 20px Germany German death date 1947 death place field inorganic chemistry work institution University of G ttingen , br Isabellenh tte Heusler alma mater University of Berlin , br University of Bonn doctoral advisor doctoral students known for prizes religion footnotes Friedrich Heusler 1866, Dillenburg &ndash 1947 was a Germany German mining engineering mining engineer and chemist . He discovered a special group of intermetallics now known as Heusler alloy Heusler phases , which are ferromagnetic though the constituting elements are not ferromagnetic. Biography He was born as son of Conrad Heusler the owner of the Isabellenh tte Dillenburg , a non ferrous metal works. He studied at the University of Bonn and University of Berlin and was awarded with his Ph.D in 1877 in Berlin. After working at the University of G ttingen he did his habilitation in Berlin 1894. In 1901 he discovered the ferromagnetic intermetallics , now known as Heusler alloy Heusler phases , and did some research in collaboration with the University of Marburg . Due to patent controversies it took until 1903 for the publication of the results. From 1902 he was head of the Isabellenh tte. References F. Heusler Verh. Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft 5 1903 , S. 219 ff. cite journal author title Personal und Hochschulnachrichten Heusler 70th journal Angewandte Chemie year 1936 volume 49 issue 12 pages 214 214 doi 10.1002 ange.19360491216 http web.uni marburg.de zv news archiv muj9 MUJ09 pdf 43.pdf 100 Jahre Heuslersche Legierungen from University of Marburg Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Heusler, Friedrich ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH February 1, 1866 PLACE OF BIRTH Dillenburg , Germany DATE OF DEATH 1947 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Heusler, Frie ... more details
of Intermetallics intermetallic compounds of the Rare earth element Rare Earths ... of Rare Earth Intermetallics Academic Press , 1973 . He is credited, along with scientists from Bell ... Earth Intermetallics , J. Appl. Phys. 49 , 1486 1491 1978 . S.G. Sankar, D.M. Gualtieri, and W.E. ... more details
The Kirkendall effect is the migration of markers that occurs when markers are placed at the interface between an alloy and a metal , and the whole is heated to a temperature where diffusion is possible the markers will move towards the alloy region. For example, using molybdenum as a marker between copper and brass a copper zinc alloy , molybdenum atom s will migrate towards the brass. This is explained by assuming that the zinc diffuses more rapidly than the copper, and thus diffuses out of the alloy down its concentration gradient. Such a process is impossible if the diffusion is by direct exchange of atoms. Missing image removed Image KirkendallScheme1.png right 200px schematic illustration of the Kirkendall effect The Kirkendall effect was named after Ernest Kirkendall 1914 2005 08 22 assistant professor of chemical engineering at Wayne State University from 1941 to 1946. He discovered the effect in 1947. The Kirkendall effect has important practical consequences. One of these is the prevention or suppression of voids formed at the boundary interface in various kinds of alloy to metal bonding. These are referred to as Kirkendall voids . In 1972, C.W. Horsting of the RCA Corporation published a paper which reported test results on the Reliability statistics reliability of semiconductor devices in which the connections were made using aluminium wires bonded ultrasonic welding ultrasonically to gold plated posts. His paper demonstrated the importance of the Kirkendall effect in wire bonding technology, but also showed the significant contribution of any impurities present to the rate at which Precipitation chemistry precipitation occurred at the wire bonds. Two of the important contaminants that have this effect are bromine and chlorine . Both Kirkendall voids and Horsting voids are known causes of wire bond fractures, though historically this cause is often confused with the purple colored appearance of one of the five different gold aluminium intermetallics , co ... more details
The Hume Rothery rules , named after William Hume Rothery , are a set of basic rules describing the conditions under which an element could dissolve in a metal , forming a solid solution . There are two sets of rules, one which refers to substitutional solid solutions, and another which refers to Interstitial defect interstitial solid solutions. Substitutional Solid Solution Rules For substitutional solid solutions, the Hume Rothery rules are 1. The Atomic radius atomic radii of the solute and solvent atoms must differ by no more than 15 math mbox difference left frac r solute r solvent r solvent right 100 le 15 . math 2. The crystal structure s of solute and solvent must match. 3. Complete solubility occurs when the solvent and solute have the same Valence chemistry valency . ref Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering , 4th ed., W. Smith and J. Hashemi, pp.139 140 2006 . ref Metals with lower valency will tend to dissolve in metals with higher valency. 4. The solute and solvent should have similar electronegativity . If the electronegativity difference is too great, the metals will tend to form Intermetallics intermetallic compounds instead of solid solutions. Interstitial Solid Solution Rules For Interstitial defect interstitial solid solutions, the Hume Rothery rules are 1. Solute atoms must be smaller than the interstitial sites in the solvent lattice. 2. The solute and solvent should have similar electronegativity . ref cite encyclopedia title Hume Rothery Rules encyclopedia Van Nostrand s Scientific Encyclopedia publisher John Wiley & Sons, Inc year 2002 ref Notes reflist References cite web last Bhadeshia first H. K. D. H. title Solid Solutions The Hume Rothery Rules url http www.msm.cam.ac.uk phase trans 2004 titanium hume.rothery.html accessdate 2007 11 24 Further reading Cite book last Mizutani first Uichiro title Hume Rothery Rules for Structurally Complex Alloy Phases publisher Taylor & Francis date 2010 isbn 9781420090581 DEFAULTSORT Hume Roth ... more details
OAO ompozit Open Joint Stock Company Kompozit lang ru is a company in the field of materials science , famous for its role in several spacecraft and rocket projects. It is based in Korolyov city Korolyov , Moscow Oblast . Overview OAO Kompozit carries out research, experimentation, development and production of materials for advanced and general applications. Its products include aluminum , beryllium , titanium titan , nickel alloy s intermetallics , constructional steel s, carbon carbon and ceramic matrix composites, metal matrix composites reinforced with boric and carbon fiber s, constructional glass , organic and carbon fibers plastics , coverings, glue s, chemical compound compound s and enamel paint enamels . ref name iasp cite web url http www.makd.ru members.asp?id 50 title JSC Kompozit publisher International Association of Space Activities Participants accessdate 2009 09 18 ref The company has been involved in several spacecraft programs, such as Salyut program Salyut , Soyuz spacecraft Soyuz , Proton , Mir , Energiya Buran , Sojuz Apollon , Vega , Phobos program Fobos and the International Space Station . ref name maks2009 cite news url http www.roscosmos.ru NewsDoSele.asp?NEWSID 7103 title MAKS 2009 Participants JSC KOMPOZIT date 2009 08 19 publisher Roscosmos accessdate 2009 09 18 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref It has also delivered some elements of the beryllium ion guide of CERN s Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland . ref name external cite web url http kompozit mv.ru eng about activity title External economic activities publisher OAO Kompozit accessdate 2009 09 18 ref History OAO Kompozit s history dates back to 1947, when it was founded as the material science department of plant No 88. It later beceme a branch of the material science research institute 88. In 1975 the separate organization Central material science research institute under the General Engineering Ministry of the USSR was created. In 1987 it was reorganize ... more details
intermetallics . When eutectic point eutectic 63 tin &ndash 37 lead solder is used, no lead gold ... reactions can proceed in the solid state as the tin and gold atoms cross migrate. Intermetallics ... of gold aluminum bonds known as gold aluminium intermetallics purple plague . A 2 3 ... more details
replaced solid solder. Lead tin solders readily dissolve gold plating and form brittle intermetallics ... C . Tin based solders readily dissolve gold, forming brittle intermetallics for Sn Pb alloys the critical ... their wettability is poorer. If the soldering time is long enough to form the intermetallics, the tin ... surfaces gold indium intermetallics tend to be formed, and the joint then fails in the gold depleted ... more details
A Database of the Structures and Powder Patterns of Metals and Intermetallics , Acta Crystallographica ... of mostly inorganic compounds . The category metals alloys covers metals, alloys, and intermetallics ..., minerals, inorganics, metals, alloys, and intermetallics, access free, size medium large http ... contents crystal structures of metals, alloys, and intermetallics, access restricted, size large ... crystal structures of metals, alloys, and intermetallics, access restricted, size large http ..., inorganics, metals, alloys, and intermetallics, access restricted, size large http www.wwpdb.org ..., inorganics, metals, alloys, and intermetallics, access free, size medium Crystal phase identification ... of metals, alloys, intermetallics, and inorganics, access free, size medium large http cod.ibt.lt pcod ... of organics, metal organics, metals, alloys, intermetallics, and inorganics, access free, size large ... more details
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