protein Name interferongammareceptor 2 interferongamma transducer 1 caption image width HGNCid 5440 Symbol IFNGR2 AltSymbols IFNGT1 EntrezGene 3460 OMIM 147569 RefSeq NM 005534 UniProt P38484 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 21 Arm q Band 22.1 LocusSupplementaryData Interferongammareceptor 2 also known as IFNGR2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IFNGR2 gene . ref name pmid3136170 cite journal author Luster AD, Weinshank RL, Feinman R, Ravetch JV title Molecular and biochemical characterization of a novel gammainterferon inducible protein journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 263 issue 24 pages 12036 43 year 1988 month August pmid 3136170 doi url http www.jbc.org cgi reprint 263 24 12036 issn ref Function This gene IFNGR2 encodes the non ligand binding beta chain of the interferongammareceptorgammainterferonreceptor . Human interferongammareceptor is a heterodimer of interferongammareceptor 1 IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene IFNGR2 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 3460 accessdate ref Clinical significance Defects in IFNGR2 are a cause of Dominance genetics Autosomal recessive allele autosomal recessive mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterium mycobacterial disease MSMD , also known as familial disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection. ref name pmid19084105 cite journal author Al Muhsen S, Casanova JL title The genetic heterogeneity of mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases journal J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. volume 122 issue 6 pages 1043 51 quiz 1052 3 year 2008 month December pmid 19084105 doi 10.1016 j.jaci.2008.10.037 url issn ref References Reflist NLM content gene 21 stub sr Interferon gama receptor 2 ... more details
protein Name interferongammareceptor 1 caption Crystallographic structure of a 3 2 complex of the IFN receptor alpha chain IFNGR1 green, cyan, and green cyan and the interferongamma IFN ligand biochemistry ligand red and orange . ref name PDB 1FG9 PDB 1FG9 cite journal author Thiel DJ, le Du MH, Walter RL, D Arcy A, Ch ne C, Fountoulakis M, Garotta G, Winkler FK, Ealick SE title Observation of an unexpected third receptor molecule in the crystal structure of human interferongammareceptor ... 10.1016 S0969 2126 00 00184 2 url ref image 1FG9 IFNG IFNG.png width HGNCid 5439 Symbol interferongammareceptor 1 IFNGR1 AltSymbols IFNGR EntrezGene 3459 OMIM 107470 RefSeq NM 000416 UniProt P15260 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 6 Arm q Band 23 LocusSupplementaryData q24 protein Name interferongammareceptor 2 interferongamma transducer 1 caption image width HGNCid 5440 Symbol interferongammareceptor ... Chromosome 21 Arm q Band 22.1 LocusSupplementaryData The interferongammareceptor IFNGR is a receptor which binds Interferongammainterferon , the sole member of interferon type II . Structure and function The human interferongammareceptor complex consists the heterodimer of two chains interferongammareceptor 1 IFNGR1 and interferongammareceptor 2 IFNGR2 . ref name pmid9143700 cite journal author Bach EA, Aguet M, Schreiber RD title The IFN gammareceptor a paradigm for cytokine receptor ..., Muthukumaran G, Izotova LS, Cook JR, Garotta G title The interferongamma IFN gammareceptor a paradigm for the multichain cytokine receptor journal Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. volume 8 issue 3 pages .... The ligand induced assembly of the complete receptor complex contains two IFNGR1 and two IFNGR2 ... sites on the ligated receptor. Two Stat1 molecules then associate with the paired docking sites, are brought into close proximity with receptor associated activated JAK kinases, and are activated by phosphorylation of the Stat1. Tyrosine phosphorylated Stat1 molecules dissociate from their receptor ... more details
PBB geneid 3459 Interferongammareceptor 1 IFNGR1 also known as CD119 C luster of D ifferentiation 119 , is a human gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene IFNGR1 interferongammareceptor 1 ... interferongammareceptor. Purification, characterization, and preparation of antibodies journal ... Z, Merlin G title Molecular cloning and expression of the human interferongammareceptor journal Cell ... 5 url ref Function IFNGR1 encodes the ligand binding chain alpha of the heterodimeric gammainterferonreceptor, which is found on macrophages . Interferongammareceptor 2 IFNGR2 encodes the non ligand ... interferongammareceptor 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 3459 accessdate ref Interactions Interferongammareceptor 1 has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with Interferongamma . ref name pmid10986460 cite journal doi 10.1016 ... third receptor molecule in the crystal structure of human interferongammareceptor complex ... laydate quote ref See also Cluster of differentiation Interferongammareceptor References reflist ... van Loon AP, Ozmen L, Fountoulakis M, et al. title High affinity receptor for interferongamma IFN ... C, Fellous M, Berger R title Human interferongammareceptor 1 IFNGR1 gene maps to chromosome ... Z, Merlin G title Molecular cloning and expression of the human interferongammareceptor. journal ... of interferongammareceptor and regulated association of protein tyrosine kinases, Jak1 and Jak2, with its ... between interferongamma and its soluble high affinity receptor. journal Nature volume 376 issue ... LS, Pollack BP, et al. title Interaction between the components of the interferongammareceptor ... al. title Modulation of interferongammareceptor during human T lymphocyte alloactivation. journal ... E, Altare F, Lamhamedi S, et al. title Interferongammareceptor deficiency in an infant with fatal .... title Neutralizing epitopes on the extracellular interferongammareceptor IFNgammaR alpha chain ... more details
IFNGR1 receptor molecules. ref name PDB 1FG9 see also Interferongammareceptor Cellular responses to IFN are activated through its interaction with a heterodimeric receptor consisting of Interferongammareceptor 1 IFNGR1 and Interferongammareceptor 2 IFNGR2 . IFN binding to the receptor ... sequence of interferongamma increased the on rate of the interferongammainterferongammareceptor ... as Actimune and costs around USD300 per vial. Interactions Interferongamma has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with Interferongammareceptor 1 . ref name pmid10986460 cite journal ... receptor molecule in the crystal structure of human interferongammareceptor complex journal Structure ... J N year 1995 month Sep. title Interaction between the components of the interferongammareceptor complex ...PBB geneid 3458 drugbox IUPAC name Human interferongamma 1b image CAS number 82115 62 6 CAS supplemental ... Interferongamma IFN is a protein dimer dimer ized soluble cytokine that is the only member ... JR, Wilson CB title Regulation of interferongamma during innate and adaptive immune responses ... WJ, Vijay Kumar S, et al. title Three dimensional structure of recombinant human interferongamma journal ... of interferongamma and heparin derived oligosaccharides journal Biochem. J. volume 384 issue Pt ... Lortat Jacob H, Grimaud JA title Interferongamma binds to heparan sulfate by a cluster of amino acids ... Interferongamma an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions journal J. Leukoc. Biol. volume 75 ... of NF B . Therapeutic use Interferongamma 1b is used to treat chronic granulomatous disease ref name pmid1372855 cite journal author Todd PA, Goa KL title Interferongamma 1b. A review of its ... interferongamma therapy for osteopetrosis journal J. Pediatr. volume 121 issue 1 pages 119 24 year ... quote doi 10.1074 jbc.270.36.20915 ref Regulation There is evidence that interferongamma expression is regulated by a Interferongamma 5 UTR regulatory element pseudoknotted element in its 5 UTR . ref ... more details
protein Name IFNAR1 interferon alpha, beta and omega receptor 1 caption image width HGNCid 5432 Symbol IFNAR1 AltSymbols IFNAR EntrezGene 3454 OMIM 107450 RefSeq NM 000629 UniProt P17181 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 21 Arm q Band 22.1 LocusSupplementaryData protein Name IFNAR2 interferon alpha, beta and omega receptor 2 caption Protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy NMR structure of the interferon binding ectodomain of the human interferonreceptor. ref name pmid12842042 PDB 1n6u cite journal author Chill JH, Quadt SR, Levy R, Schreiber G, Anglister J title The human type I interferonreceptor NMR structure reveals the molecular basis of ligand binding journal Structure volume 11 issue 7 pages 791 802 year 2003 month July pmid 12842042 doi 10.1016 S0969 2126 03 00120 5 url ref image Biochem Mol..png width HGNCid 5433 Symbol IFNAR2 AltSymbols IFNABR EntrezGene 3455 OMIM 602376 RefSeq NM 207585 UniProt P48551 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 21 Arm q Band 22.1 LocusSupplementaryData The interferonreceptor IFNAR is a receptor which binds interferon type I type I interferons including interferon and . It is a heteromeric receptor composed of one chain with two subunits referred to as IFNAR1 ... S title The receptor of the type I interferon family journal Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. volume ... receptor. Binding of cytokine follows a JAK STAT signaling pathway . Interferon stimulation results ... that show probable common evolution. The domain, or evolutionary unit observed in nature, is the Interferon alpha beta receptor beta chain. Species was human. References Reflist External links MeshName Receptor, Interferon alpha beta Cytokine receptors Category Cytokine receptors biochemistry ... energy being the criteria. It was the first helical cytokine receptor s structure to be determined ... reveals a predominantly hydrophobic patch on the receptor that interacts with a matching hydrophobic ... complex. The binding interface may account for crossreactivity and ligand specificity of the receptor ... more details
Rfam box acc RF00259 description Interferongamma 5 UTR regulatory element abbreviation IFN gamma avg length 93.50 avg identity 78.00 type Cis reg se PMID 11832212 ss Published PMID 11832212 release 10.0 Interferongamma 5 UTR regulatory elements are a family of regulatory RNA s. This family represents a pseudoknot containing stem loop structure found in the 5 UTR of interferongamma mRNA. This structure is thought to be involved in translational regulation and the pseudoknot has been found to activate protein kinase R PKR which is known to be a translational inhibitor. Mutations in the pseudoknot structure have been found to reduce PKR activation and increase the translation of interferongamma. ref cite journal last Ben Asouli first Y coauthors Banai Y, Pel Or Y, Shir A, Kaempfer R year 2002 title Human interferongamma mRNA autoregulates its translation through a pseudoknot that activates the interferon inducible protein kinase PKR journal Cell volume 108 pages 221&ndash 232 pmid 11832212 doi 10.1016 S0092 8674 02 00616 5 issue 2 ref References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00259 name Interferongamma 5 UTR regulatory element Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
PBB geneid 5916 Retinoic acid receptorgamma RAR gamma , also known as NR1B3 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group B, member 3 is a nuclear receptor encoded by the RARG gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene RARG retinoic acid receptor, gamma url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ... JM, Hoffmann B, Pfahl M title Genomic organization of the retinoic acid receptorgamma gene journal ... doi 10.1093 nar 19.3.573 url issn ref Interactions Retinoic acid receptorgamma has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with nuclear receptor co repressor 1 NCOR1 . ref name pmid10336495 ... of retinoic acid receptorgamma with specific patterns of expression. journal Proc. Natl. Acad ... of the retinoic acid receptorgamma expressed in the mouse embryo. journal Mol. Cell. Biol. volume ... retinoic acid receptor, hRAR gamma. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 86 issue 14 pages ... 378681a0 cite journal author Zhou L, Pang J, Munroe DG, Lau C title A human retinoic acid receptorgamma isoform is homologous to the murine retinoic acid receptorgamma 7. journal Nucleic Acids ... protein box yes update summary no update citations yes es Receptor de cido retinoico gamma sr Receptor ... of nuclear receptor corepressor as a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha interacting ... doi 10.1074 jbc.274.22.15901 url issn ref See also Retinoic acid receptor References reflist Further ... cite journal author Lehmann JM, Zhang XK, Pfahl M title RAR gamma 2 expression is regulated ..., Krust A, et al. title Chromosomal assignment of retinoic acid receptor RAR genes in the human, mouse ... K, Mangelsdorf DJ, et al. title A functional retinoic acid receptor encoded by the gene on human ..., Rochel N, Ruff M, et al. title Crystal structure of the RAR gamma ligand binding domain bound to all ... acid receptor retinoid X receptor heterodimers can be activated through both subunits providing ..., Renaud JP, Mitschler A, et al. title Conformational adaptation of agonists to the human nuclear receptor ... more details
PBB geneid 2104 Estrogen related receptorgamma ERR gamma , also known as NR3B3 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group B, member 3 , is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the ESRRG EStrogen Related ReceptorGamma gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene ESRRG estrogen related receptorgamma url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 2104 accessdate ... of the estrogen receptor related receptorgamma. journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume 299 issue ... jc.2004 1421 cite journal author Liu D, Zhang Z, Teng CT title Estrogen related receptorgamma and peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma coactivator 1alpha regulate estrogen related ... of the estrogen related receptorgamma ligand binding domain in three functional states reveal the molecular ... receptor superfamily from the critical region of Usher syndrome type IIa at 1q41 journal Genomics ... of transcription. ref name matsushima This protein is a member of nuclear receptor nuclear hormone receptor family of steroid hormone receptor s. No physiological activating ligand is known for this orphan receptor , but 4 hydroxytamoxifen and diethylstilbestrol act as inverse agonist s and deactivate ... the activity of the orphan nuclear receptor ERRgamma journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume ... receptor ER . ref name matsushima BPA binding to ERR preserves its basal constitutive ... receptor modulator 4 hydroxytamoxifen . ref name matsushima cite journal author Matsushima A, Kakuta ... title Structural evidence for endocrine disruptor bisphenol A binding to human nuclear receptor ERR gamma journal J. Biochem. volume 142 issue 4 pages 517 24 year 2007 month October pmid 17761695 doi ... expressing the greatest quantity of bisphenol A receptor ER among the human reproductive tissues ... and coactivator binding by novel orphan nuclear receptor ERR3. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 274 ... Heard DJ, Norby PL, Holloway J, Vissing H title Human ERRgamma, a third member of the estrogen receptor ... more details
PBB geneid 6258 Retinoic acid receptorgamma RXR gamma , also known as NR2B3 nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group B, member 3 is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RXRG gene . ref name pmid8034312 cite journal author Almasan A, Mangelsdorf DJ, Ong ES, Wahl GM, Evans RM title Chromosomal localization of the human retinoid X receptors journal Genomics volume 20 issue 3 pages 397 403 year 1994 month April pmid 8034312 doi 10.1006 geno.1994.1193 url issn ref ref name entrez This gene encodes a member of the retinoid X receptor RXR family of nuclear receptors which are involved in mediating the antiproliferative effects of retinoic acid RA . This receptor forms homodimers with the retinoic acid receptor retinoic acid , thyroid hormone receptor thyroid hormone , and calcitriol receptor vitamin D receptors , increasing both DNA binding and transcriptional function on their respective response elements. This gene is expressed at significantly lower levels in non small cell lung ... X receptor, gamma url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 6258 accessdate ref See also Retinoid X receptor Interactions Retinoid X receptorgamma has been ... summary no update citations no es Receptor X retinoide gamma ... of the retinoid X receptor B gene in mouse and human. journal Immunogenetics volume 41 issue 2 3 pages ... A, Teramoto A, et al. title Immunohistochemical expression of retinoid X receptor isoforms in human ... J, M ller SM title Expression of retinoid X receptors alpha, beta, gamma and retinoic acid receptors alpha, beta, gamma in normal human skin an immunohistological evaluation. journal Histochem. J. volume ... Xu XC, Sozzi G, Lee JS, et al. title Suppression of retinoic acid receptor beta in non small cell lung ... al. title The role of retinoid X receptor messenger RNA expression in curatively resected non small ... detection of the retinoid X receptors alpha, beta, and gamma in human prostate. journal J. Androl ... more details
PBB geneid 5468 Peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma PPAR or PPARG , also known as the glitazone receptor , or NR1C3 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 3 is a type II nuclear receptor ... of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma cDNA expression in hematopoietic cells ... Gene PPARG peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez ... activated receptorgamma has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with div col colwidth ... of peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma with transcriptional coactivators journal J. Biol ... as a ligand enhanced coactivator for the peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma journal ..., an orphan nuclear receptor, augments peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma transactivation ... H, Komuro I title Roles of peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma in cardiovascular ... proliferator activated receptorgamma and cancers. journal Clin. Cancer Res. volume 9 issue 1 pages ... proliferator activated receptorgamma coactivator 1 alpha PGC 1 alpha transcriptional coactivator ... Rangwala SM, Lazar MA title Peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma in diabetes and metabolism ... activated receptorgamma and the regulation of adipocyte function lessons from human genetic studies ... journal author Rousseaux C, Desreumaux P title The peroxisome proliferator activated gammareceptor ... peroxisome proliferator activated receptors gamma 1 and gamma 2 journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun ... pnas.0306743102 url issn ref This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor PPAR subfamily of nuclear receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptor s RXRs and these heterodimers ... proliferator activated receptor alpha PPAR alpha , peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta PPAR delta , and PPAR gamma. The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR gamma and is a regulator ... of nuclear receptor zinc finger DNA binding domains with histone deacetylase journal Mol. Cell ... more details
PBB geneid 6097 RAR related orphan receptorgamma ROR is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RORC Retinoic acid receptor RAR related orphan receptor C gene . ref name pmid7811290 cite journal author Hirose T, Smith RJ, Jetten AM title ROR gamma the third member of ROR RZR orphan receptor subfamily ... and chromosomal mapping of the nuclear orphan receptor ROR gamma RORC gene journal Genomics ... receptorgamma t is a potential therapeutic target for controlling inflammatory autoimmunity journal ... orphan receptorgamma RORgamma is essential for lymphoid organogenesis and controls apoptosis during ... url ref ROR is member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factor s. Gene expression ... author He YW, Deftos ML, Ojala EW, Bevan MJ title RORgamma t, a novel isoform of an orphan receptor ... name pmid12969312 cite journal author Eberl G, Littman DR title The role of the nuclear hormone receptor ... Villartay JP title RORgammaT, a thymus specific isoform of the orphan nuclear receptor RORgamma TOR, is up regulated by signaling through the pre T cell receptor and binds to the TEA promoter journal ..., Hirose T, Gigu re V, Jetten AM title Cloning of a cDNA encoding the murine orphan receptor RZR ROR gamma and characterization of its response element journal Gene volume 181 issue 1 2 pages 199 206 ... cite journal author Ortiz MA, Piedrafita FJ, Pfahl M, Maki R title TOR a new orphan receptor ..., Schibler U title The orphan nuclear receptor REV ERBalpha controls circadian transcription within ... retrieve pii S0092867402008255 issn ref In contrast to other RAR related orphan receptor ROR genes ... of the orphan nuclear receptor RORgamma TOR, is up regulated by signaling through the pre T cell receptor ... receptor RORgamma t in the generation of fetal lymphoid tissue inducer cells journal Nature Immunology ... of the NR1 subfamily of nuclear receptor s. ref name pmid17132856 cite journal author Benoit G, Cooney ... pr.58.4.10 url issn ref Although the specific functions of this nuclear receptor have not been fully ... more details
PBB geneid 2554 Gamma aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded ... Gene GABRA1 gamma aminobutyric acid GABA A receptor, alpha 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 2554 accessdate ref See also GABAA receptor References ... author Huang RQ, Dillon GH title Maintenance of recombinant type A gamma aminobutyric acid receptor ... GABAA receptor alpha 1 subunit gene GABRA1 to distal 5q by linkage analysis journal Genomics volume ... can be modulated by agents such as benzodiazepines that bind to the GABA A receptor. At least ... PR, Pritchett DB, Sontheimer H, et al. title Sequence and expression of human GABAA receptor alpha 1 ... of a cDNA clone for the alpha subunit of the human GABA A receptor. journal Biochem. Biophys. Res ... TB, et al. title Isolation and characterization of the promoter of the human GABAA receptor alpha ... journal author T gel M, Mossier B, Fuchs K, Sieghart W title gamma Aminobutyric acidA receptors displaying association of gamma 3 subunits with beta 2 3 and different alpha subunits exhibit unique pharmacological ... F, Cusin C, et al. title No interaction of GABA A alpha 1 subunit and dopamine receptor D4 exon 3 genes ... author Bonnert TP, McKernan RM, Farrar S, et al. title theta, a novel gamma aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 96 issue 17 pages 9891 6 year 1999 ... C, et al. title Dopamine receptor D2 and D4 genes, GABA A alpha 1 subunit genes and response to lithium ... in GABA A alpha 1 beta 3 gamma 2 receptors determined by molecular modeling. journal Biochim ... 6 cite journal author Sarto I, Wabnegger L, D gl E, Sieghart W title Homologous sites of GABA A receptor alpha 1 , beta 3 and gamma 2 subunits are important for assembly. journal Neuropharmacology volume ... of the GABA A receptor alpha1 subunit implications for modulation by inhaled anesthetics and ion channel ... of agonist binding to channel gating in the GABA A receptor. journal Nature volume 421 issue ... more details
drugbox IUPAC name Human interferon beta image CAS number 145155 23 3 ATC prefix L03 ATC suffix AB08 ATC supplemental PubChem DrugBank BTD00078 C 908 H 1408 N 246 O 253 S 6 molecular weight 20011.0 g mol bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life pregnancy category legal status routes of administration Interferon beta 1b tradenames Betaferon , Betaseron North America , Extavia and ZIFERON is a medication drug in the interferon family used to treat the relapsing remitting and secondary progressive forms of multiple sclerosis MS . It is approved for use after the first MS event. It is administered by sub cutaneous injection and has been shown to slow the advance of the affliction as well as reduce the frequency of attacks. It is believed that interferon beta based drugs achieve their beneficial effect on MS progress via their inflammation anti inflammatory properties. Studies have also determined that interferon beta improves the integrity of the blood brain barrier BBB &mdash which generally breaks down in MS patients, allowing increasing amounts of undesirable substances to reach the brain. This strengthening of the BBB may be a contributing factor to interferon ... it works the same in people. Patients taking Interferon beta 1b may develop neutralizing antibodies .... Novartis has also introduced Extavia, a new brand of interferon beta 1b, in 2009. In 2010 ZIFERON a new brand for interferon beta 1b has also been brought in by Zistdaru Danesh Ltd. Closely related is interferon beta 1a , also indicated for MS, and with a very similar drug profile. See also Interferon beta 1a Multiple sclerosis References Reflist External links http www.betaseron.com betaseron.com ... community website http www.zistdaru.ir Ziferon Interferon beta 1b Interferons Immunostimulants DEFAULTSORT Interferon Beta 1b Category Cytokines Category Immunostimulants cs Interferon beta 1b it Interferone beta 1b he 1b nl Interferon b ta 1b pl Interferon beta 1b ru sr Interferon ... more details
drugbox IUPAC name Human interferon beta image 1AU1 Human Interferon Beta01.png width 250 CAS number 145258 61 3 ATC prefix L03 ATC suffix AB07 ATC supplemental PubChem DrugBank BTD00093 C 908 H 1408 N 246 O 252 S 7 molecular weight 20027.0 g mol bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half ... Injection Interferon beta 1a also interferon beta 1 alpha is a medication drug in the interferon ... Murdoch D, Lyseng Williamson KA title Spotlight on subcutaneous recombinant interferon beta 1a Rebif ... pmid 16207073 doi 10.2165 00063030 200519050 00005 ref It is produced by mammalian cells while Interferon ... Overview It is believed that Interferon beta based drugs achieve their beneficial effect on MS progression via their inflammation anti inflammatory properties. Studies have also determined that Interferon ... date June 2010 This strengthening of the BBB may be a contributing factor to Interferon Beta s beneficial ... meds a604005.html title Interferon beta 1a Subcutaneous Injection ref ref name Avonex cite web title Avonex Interferon beta la url http www.fda.gov downloads Drugs DevelopmentApprovalProcess HowDrugsareDevelopedandApproved ... sclerosis and is similar to the interferon beta protein produced by the human body. It is co marketed ... for up to 30 days. CinnoVex Main CinnoVex CinnoVex is the trade name of recombinant Interferon ..., Germany. Related drugs Closely related is Interferon beta 1b , also may be indicated for Multiple Sclerosis, and with a very similar drug profile. Interferon beta 1b is marketed only by Bayer in the US as Betaseron and outside the US as Betaferon. Extavia is a new brand of interferon beta 1b to be marketed by Novartis beginning in 2009. See also Interferon beta 1b References Reflist Interferons DEFAULTSORT Interferon Beta 1a Category Cytokines Category Pfizer Category Immunostimulants cs Interferon beta 1a fa fr Interf ron b ta 1a it Interferone beta 1a he 1a nl Interferon b ta 1a ru sr Interferon beta 1a ... more details
Orphan date October 2006 Found in cows and sheep, Interferon tau is the signal from the developing embryo to the mother that she is pregnant. It is secreted by the trophoblast cells into the uterine lumen in days 13 21 of pregnancy. It decreases endometrial oxytocin receptors, which then cannot stimulate PGF 2 alpha synthesis, preventing luteolysis . It promotes uterine implantation by increasing protein synthesis in glands. References Bagnell, C. 2005. Animal Reproduction . Rutgers University Department of Animal Sciences. Category Embryology Category Reproductive system ja ... more details
, lidocaine ointment herpes See also Interferon References references External links http ... Synthesis in E. coli of a polypeptide with human leukocyte interferon activity journal Nature volume ... more details
pp semi indef About Latin IPA Latin gamma other uses Unreferenced date December 2009 Wiktionary Greek Alphabet letter gammaGamma uppercase , lowercase Lang el is the third letter of the Greek ... Gamma include the Roman C and G and the Cyrillic letters Ge Cyrillic Ge and Ge with upturn Ghe . Uses Greek In isolation In Greek language Modern Greek , gamma represents either a voiced velar ... a voiced velar stop IPA . Before velars Before other velars , , k, kh, ks , gamma represents a velar nasal IPA in Modern as well as Ancient Greek. A double gamma represents the sequence ... Phonetic Alphabet , lowercase gamma IPA represents the voiced velar fricative . A lowercase gamma that lies above the baseline typography baseline rather than crossing it IPA represents the close mid back unrounded vowel . Math and science Lower case The lower case letter math gamma math is used as a symbol for gamma radiation in nuclear physics surface energy in materials science the Lorentz ... coefficient in thermodynamics The gyromagnetic ratio in electromagnetism gamma waves gamma oscillation in neuroscience gamma motoneurons Gamma Motor Neurons in neuroscience Gamma is a non International ... of an image is increased in gamma correction The Euler Mascheroni constant In mechanical engineering, specific weight The shear rate of a fluid is represented by a lower case gamma with a dot above it math dot gamma math Austenite also known as iron , a metallic non magnetic allotrope or solid solution of iron. Upper case The upper case letter math Gamma math is used as a symbol for In mathematics, the gamma function usually written as math Gamma math function is an extension of the factorial to complex number s In probability theory and statistics, the gamma distribution is a two parameter ... references in HTML HTML entities for uppercase and lowercase gamma are code & Gamma code and code & gamma code . Unicode class wikitable unicode description character Unicode HTML colspan 4 ... more details
about a physics experiment other uses Gamma disambiguation GAMMA Experiment is a study of a Primary cosmic ray energy spectra and elemental composition abundances of the elements at energies 10 sup 15 sup 10 sup 18 sup Electronvolt eV so called knee energy region ref cite journal author A.P. Garyaka, R.M. Martirosov, S.V. Ter Antonyan, A.D. Erlykin, N.M. Nikolskaya, Y.A. Gallant, L.W. Jones, J. Procureur year 2008 title All particle primary energy spectrum in the 3 200 PeV energy range journal Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics volume 35 issue 11 page 115201 doi 10.1088 0954 3899 35 11 115201 id arXiv 0808.1421 ref ref name Samo cite journal author A.P. Garyaka, R.M. Martirosov, S.V. Ter Antonyan, N. Nikolskaya, Y.A. Gallant, L. Jones, J. Procureur year 2007 title Rigidity dependent cosmic ray energy spectra in the knee region obtained with the GAMMA experiment journal Astroparticle Physics journal Astroparticle Physics volume 28 issue 2 page 169 doi 10.1016 j.astropartphys.2007.04.004 id arXiv 0704.3200 ref ref cite journal author S.V. Ter Antonyan year 2007 title Mutually compensative pseudo solutions of primary energy spectra in the knee region journal Astroparticle Physics journal Astroparticle Physics volume 28 issue 3 page 321 doi 10.1016 j.astropartphys.2007.06.004 id arXiv 0706.4087 ref b Galactic diffuse gamma ray intensity at energies 10 sup 14 sup 10 sup 15 sup eV ref cite journal author Romen M. Martirosov, Samvel V. Ter Antonyan, Anatoly D. Erlykin ... diffuse gamma ray flux at the energy about 175 TeV journal Proceedings of 31 st International Cosmic ... d Hard jets production at energies 10 sup 16 sup eV by the muon multi core shower events. Image Gamma Experiment diagrammatic layout.png 400px thumb GAMMA Experiment. GAMMA experiment is deployed on the South .... The elevation of the GAMMA facility is 3200 m above sea level, which corresponds to about 700 ... of shower muons with energy greater than 5 GeV. The results of GAMMA experiment for 2005 2007 ... more details
wiktionary Receptor may refer to Sensory receptor , in physiology, any structure which, on receiving environmental stimuli, produces an informative nerve impulse Receptor biochemistry , in biochemistry, a protein molecule that receives and responds to a neurotransmitter, or other substance Immune receptor , a special case of biochemical receptor that occurs on the surface of immunocytes and binds to antigens disambig ar ca Receptor fr R cepteur it Recettore lt Receptorius nl Receptor oc Receptor ro Receptor ru sl Receptor fi Reseptori zh ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2010 Image 1HIG Interferon Gamma01.png thumb 200px The 3D structure of human IFN A sole member makes up the type II IFNs that is called interferongamma IFN gamma . Mature IFN is an anti parallel homodimer , which binds to the IFN receptor IFNGR complex to elicit a signal within its target cell. IFNGR is made up of two subunits each of molecules designated IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. Sources and functions interferongamma IFN is involved in the regulation of the immune and inflammatory responses in humans, there is only one type of interferongamma. It is produced in activated T cell s and natural killer cell s. IFN has some anti viral and anti tumor effects, but these are generally weak. However, this cytokine potentiates the effects of the type I IFNs. IFN released by T helper cell Th1 cell s recruits leukocyte s to a site of infection, resulting in increased inflammation. It also stimulates macrophage s to kill bacteria that have been engulfed. IFN released by Th1 cells is also important in regulating the Th2 response. As IFN is vitally implicated in the regulation of immune response, its production can lead to autoimmune disorder s. Homologs of interferongamma are found in birds, frogs, and teleost fish. Thus it is likely that all bony fish tetrapods encode IFN . The gene structure of IFN is identical to that of its structurally related cytokines, except that the intron between the third and fourth exons does not exist. Notably, many teleost fish encode two distinct IFN species called IFN 1 and IFN 2 that appear to bind genetically and physically distinct IFN R1 chains. In all investigated tetrapods, there is a single IFN gene that binds a unique IFN R1 chain and in amniotes a unique IFN R2 chain. Frogs appear to encode two distinct IFN R2 genes whose intracellular domains differ significantly. External links MeshName Interferon Type II Interferons Category Cytokines Category Antivirals sr Interferon tip II zh II ... more details
interferon is produced predominantly by B lymphocytes. Immune interferon IFN gamma MIM 147570 is produced ... C3d receptor is an interferon alpha receptor. journal EMBO J. volume 10 issue 4 pages 919 26 year ...PBB geneid 3439 Interferon alpha 1 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNA1 gene . ref name pmid1385305 cite journal author Olopade OI, Bohlander SK, Pomykala H, Maltepe E, Van Melle E, Le Beau MM, Diaz MO title Mapping of the shortest region of overlap of deletions of the short arm of chromosome 9 associated with human neoplasia journal Genomics volume 14 issue 2 pages 437 43 year 1992 month Dec pmid 1385305 pmc doi 10.1016 S0888 7543 05 80238 1 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene IFNA1 interferon, alpha 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 3439 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein ... 120 of human immunodeficiency virus is a potent interferon inducer. journal AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses ... author Silverman RH, Sengupta DN title Translational regulation by HIV leader RNA, TAT, and interferon ... of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor but depress production of interferon alpha, interferongamma and interleukin 2. journal Viral Immunol. volume 4 issue 1 pages 33 42 year 1991 pmid 1905933 ... interferon alpha genes are coordinately expressed and encode functional polypeptides. journal ... author Delfraissy JF, Wallon C, Galanaud P title Interferon alpha can synergize with interleukin 2 for human .... title Structural relationship of human interferon alpha genes and pseudogenes. journal J. Mol. Biol ... sequence of a cloned human leukocyte interferon cDNA. journal Gene volume 10 issue 1 pages ... interferon alpha. journal Nature volume 287 issue 5781 pages 401 8 year 1981 pmid 6159536 doi 10.1038 ... cloned human leukocyte interferon cDNAs. journal Nature volume 290 issue 5801 pages 20 6 year ... 11.16.5661 cite journal author Todokoro K, Kioussis D, Weissmann C title Two non allelic human interferon ... more details
Interferon release assays are medical tests used in the diagnosis of some infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis . Interferon release assays rely on the fact that T lymphocytes will release interferon when exposed to specific antigens. These tests are mostly developed for the field of tuberculosis diagnosis , but in theory, may be used in the diagnosis of other diseases which rely on cell mediated immunity, e.g. cytomegalovirus and leishmaniasis . For example, in patients with cutaneous adverse drug reaction s, challenge of peripheral blood lymphocytes with the drug causing the reaction produced a positive test result for half of the drugs tested. ref cite web url http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6WM8 4FC365G J& user 10& coverDate 02 2F28 2F2005& rdoc 1& fmt & orig search& sort d&view c& acct C000050221& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 10&md5 e44c54a7f2706a47c104ffae7bbe376f title Clinical implications of in vitro drug induced interferongamma release from peripheral blood lymphocytes in cutaneous adverse drug reactions ref There are currently two interferon release assays available for the diagnosis of tuberculosis QuantiFERON TB Gold licensed in US, Europe and Japan and T SPOT.TB , a form of ELISPOT licensed in Europe . The former test quantitates the amount of gammainterferon produced in response to the ESAT 6 and CFP 10 Wiktionary antigen antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis , which are distinguishable from those present in bacille Calmette Gu rin BCG and most other non tuberculous mycobacteria . The latter test determines the total number of individual effector T cells expressing gammainterferon . The indications for the test are still disputed. It has been evaluated for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis in HIV patients who frequently have a negative Mantoux test . ref cite journal title Utility of interferongamma ELISPOT assay responses in highly tuberculosis exposed patients with advanced HIV infection in South Africa ... more details
The recently classified type III interferon group consists of three IFN lambda molecules called IFN 1, IFN 2 and IFN 3 also called interleukin 29 IL29 , interleukin 28 IL28A and interleukin 28 IL28B respectively . ref Vilcek, Novel interferons. Nature Immunology, 2003, Volume 4, pages 8 9 ref These IFNs signal through a receptor complex consisting of IL10R2 also called CRF2 4 and IFNLR1 also called CRF2 12 . ref Bartlett et al., Murine interferon lambdas type III interferons exhibit potent antiviral activity in vivo in a poxvirus infection model. Journal of General Virology, 2005, Volume 86 pages 1589 1596 ref Acceptance of this classification is less universal than that of type I and type II, and unlike the other two, it is not currently included in Medical Subject Headings . References references Interferons Category Cytokines Category Antivirals sr Interferon tip III ... more details
Pegylated interferon alpha can refer to Pegylated interferon alpha 2a Pegylated interferon alpha 2b disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Image 1AU1 Human Interferon Beta01.png thumb 200px The 3D structure of human IFN Human type I interferon s comprise a vast and growing group of IFN proteins. All type I IFNs bind to a specific cell surface receptor complex known as the IFN receptorInterferon alpha beta receptor IFNAR that consists of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 chains. Homologous molecules to type I IFNs are found in many species, including all mammals, and some have been identified in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish species. ref Schultz et al., The interferon system of non mammalian vertebrates. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, Volume 28, pages 499 508. ref Mammalian types The mammalian types are designated IFN alpha , IFN beta , IFN kappa , IFN delta , IFN epsilon , IFN tau , IFN omega , and IFN zeta, also known as limitin . ref Oritani and Tomiyama, Interferon limitin Novel type I Interferon that displays a narrow range of biological activity. International journal of hematology, 2004, Volume 80, pages 325 331 . ref ref Hardy et al., Characterization of the type I interferon locus and identification ... interferon alfa 2a Pegylated interferon alfa 2b IFN The IFN proteins are produced in large ..., New chromosomal mapping assignments for argininosuccinate synthetase pseudogene 1, interferon beta ... receptor s and eliciting the release of prostaglandin E sub 2 sub PGE sub 2 sub . A similar mechanism is used by IFN to reduce pain IFN interacts with the opioid receptor to act as an analgesic . ref Wang et al., Fever of recombinant human interferon alpha is mediated by opioid domain interaction with opioid receptor inducing prostaglandin E2. J Neuroimmunol. 2004 Nov 156 1 2 107 12. ref Non ... their receptor chains. They have not yet been purified, or their genes cloned. Piscine bony fish Type ... references External links MeshName Interferon Type I Interferons DEFAULTSORT Interferon Type I Category Cytokines Category Antivirals Category Immunostimulants ja I sr Interferon tip I ... more details
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