Wiktionarypar interfaceInterface may refer to Technical journals Interfaces operations research Journal of the Royal Society Interface Science Biointerface Interface chemistry , boundary surface Interface communication studies Interface in the work environment , a point of interection between systems or work groups. Social interface , a concept in sociology Technology Interface computing Interface object oriented programming Network interface disambiguation User interface Other Interface band , music group based on Long Island, NY Interface novel , by Stephen Bury Neal Stephenson and J. Frederick George George Jewsbury Interface, Inc. , carpet manufacturer See also Interface area , Catholic Protestant border in Northern Ireland Interface 2010 , Marketing Standards NGO disambig Interwikies be bg da Gr nseflade es Interfaz fr Interface homonymie ko id Antarmuka it Interfaccia he ja no Grensesnitt pl Interfejs ro Interfa ru tr Aray z ur zh ... more details
A T interface is used for basic rate access in an Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN environment. It is a User network interface Integrated Services Digital Network Reference points reference point that is characterized by a four wire, 144 kilobit kbit s 2B D user rate . Other characteristics of a T interface are it accommodates the link access and transport layer function in the ISDN architecture it is located at the user premises it is distance sensitive to the servicing Network termination 1 it functions in a manner similar to that of the Channel service unit s CSUs and the Data service unit s DSUs . References FS1037C Category Networking hardware Category Integrated Services Digital Network compu hardware stub ... more details
S interface also known as S0 For basic rate access in an Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN environment, a User network interface reference point that a is characterized by a Four wire circuit , 144 kbit s 2B D user rate, b serves as a universal interface between ISDN terminals or terminal telecommunication terminal adapters and the network channel communications channel termination, c allows a variety of terminal types and subscriber networks, such as Private branch exchange PBX s, local area network s LANs , and controllers, to be connected to the network, and d operates at 4000 48 bit frames per second, i.e., 192 kbit s, with a user portion of 36 bits per frame telecommunications frame , i.e., 144 kbit s. References FS1037C , http www.its.bldrdoc.gov fs 1037 dir 032 4668.htm Entry S interface Category ITU T recommendations Category Integrated Services Digital Network de S0 Bus ... more details
orphan date June 2010 AS Interface Actuator Sensor Interface, AS i is an industrial networking solution ... manufacturing and process applications using a single 2 conductor cable. AS Interface is an open ... AS i field devices are installed globally, growing at about 2 million per year. AS Interface is a networking ..., airport carousels, elevators, bottling lines and food production lines. AS Interface provides ... over AS Interface follow all the normal data rules. The required level of data verification ... input hardware e.g. light curtains, e stop buttons, and door interlock switches , AS Interface can ... to EN954 1 as well as Performance Level e PL e according to EN ISO 13849 1. The AS Interface specification ... AS Interface is a system that require four basic components Exactly one network master , in most ... within in define maximum time, making AS Interface a Deterministic system deterministic networking ... products from all manufacturers will communicate on a given network. AS Interface data exchanges ... length is limited to 100 meters. ref name as interface net system experts cite web title AS Interface ... ref History AS Interface was developed during the late 1980 and early 1990 by a group consortium .... Enhancements 1998, Version 2.11 Following its introduction users quickly adopted AS Interface ... serial data channel With these new capabilities, AS Interface becomes the ideal partner network for any ... that within the next 10 years networking solutions positioned between AS Interface and Ethernet .... Components An AS Interface network requires only a few basic components falling into the following ... The Scanner Gateway performs two functions. With respect to the AS Interface network it is a master ... of the master is defined in the Master Profile of the AS Interface specification. As part ... one Scanner Gateway. With respect to a connected PLC DCS or PC the Scanner Gateway is a slave. The AS Interface community typically uses the word Gateway when the AS Interface master connects to an upper ... more details
Network interface may refer to Network interface controller , the device a computer uses to connect to a computer network Network interface device , a demarcation point for a telephone network disambig ... more details
An endpoint interface , also known as a service endpoint interface SEI , is a term used in Java Platform, Enterprise Edition when exposing Enterprise JavaBean s as a Web service see also Service Implementation Bean SIB . It is annotaded with code WebService code and is a component interface, which declares all the abstract methods that are exposed to the client. As it extends the code java.rmi.Remote code interface, all methods must throw the code RemoteException code . ref name uCertify cite web accessdate 2010 03 02 publisher uCertify location http www.ucertify.com title What is a web service endpoint interface? url http www.ucertify.com article what is a web service endpoint interface.html quote A web service endpoint interface is an interface annotated with the WebService annotation. It is a component interface that declares the abstract methods to be exposed to the clients. The web service endpoint interface extends the java.rmi.Remote interface, and all the methods of the interface must throw the RemoteException. The methods of a web service endpoint interface are implemented in a stateless session bean class. However, the methods of the class are not required to throw any RemoteException. ref A Web service client accesses a stateless session bean through the bean s Web service endpoint interface. Like a Enterprise JavaBean Remote and local interfaces remote interface , a Web service endpoint interface defines the business methods of the bean. In contrast to a remote interface, a Web service endpoint interface is not accompanied by a Enterprise JavaBean Home interfaces home interface , which defines the bean s life cycle methods. The only methods of the bean that may be invoked by a Web service client are the business methods that are defined in the Web service endpoint interface. The methods of an endpoint interface for a Web service are implemented in a session ... Categories Category Java enterprise platform Interwikies pt Endpoint interface ... more details
Software interface may refer to graphical user interfaceinterface computer science disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
U interface For basic rate access in an Integrated Services Digital Telecommunications network Network Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN environment, a User telecommunications user to network interface reference point that is characterized by the use of a 2 wire loop telecommunication loop transmission system that a conveys information between the 4 wire user to network interface, i.e., the S T reference point , and the telephone exchange local exchange , b is located in the servicing central office , and c is not as distance sensitive as a service using a T interface. References FS1037C See also Up0 interface U sub p0 sub interface Category ITU T recommendations Category Integrated Services Digital Network de U Schnittstelle ... more details
unreferenced date March 2009 In software design , interface bloat also called fat interfaces by Bjarne Stroustrup and http foozle.berkeley.edu projects streek agile bad smells in code.html Refused Bequest Refused Bequests by Martin Fowler is a term used to describe Interface computer science interfaces that try to incorporate all possible operations on some data into an interface, only to find that most of the objects cannot perform the given operations. One might consider using visitor pattern , Adapter Pattern , or interface separation instead. Interface bloat is an example of an anti pattern . soft eng stub Category Anti patterns Category Software design ... more details
inline date April 2010 About the Mac OS X application the general concept Graphical user interface builder Infobox software logo Image InterfaceBuilder.png 64px screenshot Image Interface Builder Screenshot.png ... Proprietary software Proprietary , free with Xcode suite. website http developer.apple.com Interface ... of Xcode formerly Project Builder , the Apple Developer Connection developer s toolset. Interface ... software applications using a graphical user interface . The resulting interface is stored as a .nib file, short for NeXT Interface Builder, or more recently, as a .xib file. Interface Builder is descended from the NeXTSTEP development software of the same name. A version of Interface Builder ... Gorm exists for GNUstep . On March 27, 2008, a specialized iPhone version of Interface Builder allowing interface construction for iPhone applications was released with the iPhone SDK Beta 2. As of Xcode 4, Interface Builder no longer exists as a separate application, and its functionality is directly integrated into Xcode. History Interface Builder first made its appearance in 1988 as part of NeXTSTEP ... product by Expertelligence . It was one of the first commercial applications that allowed interface ... , to be placed in an interface using a mouse. One notable early use of Interface Builder was the development ... Interface Builder provides palettes , or collections, of user interface objects to an Objective C developer. These user interface objects contain items like text fields, data tables, sliders, and pop up menus. Interface Builder s palettes are completely extensible, meaning any developer can develop new objects and add palettes to Interface Builder. To build an interface, a developer simply drags interface objects from the palette onto a window or menu. Actions messages which the objects can emit ... improving performance Citation needed date March 2010 and streamlining the development process. Interface Builder saves an application s interface as a Bundle NEXTSTEP bundle that contains the interface ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 An interface is a surface forming a common boundary among two different phase matter phases , such as an insoluble solid and a liquid , two immiscible liquids or a liquid and an insoluble gas . The importance of the interface depends on which type of system is being treated the bigger the quotient area volume, the more effect the surface phenomena will have. Therefore interfaces will be considered in systems with big area volume ratios, such as colloid s. Interfaces can be spherical or flat, so they can be considered to be always spherical with finite or infinite radius. For example oil droplets in a salad dressing are spherical but the interface between water and air in a glass of water is mostly flat. Surface tension is the function which rules interface processes. Interfaces may cause various optical phenomena , such as refraction . Lens optics Optical lenses serve as an example of a practical application of the interface between glass and air. One important interface is the gas liquid interface between aerosols and other atmospheric molecules. See also Surface tension Membrane disambiguation DEFAULTSORT Interface Chemistry Category Colloidal chemistry Category Matter Chem stub da Gr nseflade kemi de Grenzfl che et Piirpind eo Limfaco it Interfaccia chimica ja ... more details
In telecommunication s, an interface standard is a technical standard standard that describes one or more functional characteristics such as code conversion , telephone line line assignments, or Communications protocol protocol compliance or physical characteristics such as electrical, mechanical, or optical characteristics necessary to allow the exchange of information between two or more usually different systems or pieces of equipment. An Network interface device interface standard may include operational characteristics and acceptable levels of performance. In the military community, interface standards permit Command and Control Military command and control functions to be performed using communication and computer systems. References FS1037C Category Telecommunications standards telecomm stub ar ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2007 Northbound and southbound interfaces relate to server computing computer servers . Definitions A northbound interface is an interface computer science interface that conceptualizes low level lower level details. It interfaces to high level higher level abstraction layer layers and is normally drawn at the top of an Computer architecture architectural overview. A southbound interface decomposes concepts in the technical details, mostly specific to a single software component component of the architecture. Southbound interfaces are drawn at the bottom of an architectural overview. Northbound interfaces normally talk to southbound interfaces of higher level components and vice versa. Typical use These terms are generic in the sense that they are uniformly used over all layers of a computer application , i.e. independent of the fact that the computer system is about hardware , GUI , middleware etc. A northbound interface is typically an output only interface as opposed to one that accepts user input found in Carrier Grade Open Framework carrier grade network and telecommunications network elements. The programming language languages or protocol computing protocols commonly used include Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP and TL1 . For example, a device that is capable of sending out syslog messages but is not configurable by the user is said to implement a northbound interface. Other examples include SMASH , IPMI , WSMAN etc. Category Network architecture Category Telecommunications ru ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Original research date February 2010 Image Kempston joystick interface.jpeg thumb 250px right Kempston joystick interface Image ZX Spectrum .jpg thumb 250px right Kempston Interface plugged into a Spectrum Plus The Kempston Interface , produced by Kempston Micro Electronics , was the generic name for any interface on Sinclair Research Ltd Sinclair s ZX Spectrum series of computers that allowed joystick s complying with the de facto Atari 2600 standard to be used with the machine. It was one of the most widely supported standards on the machine. The interface itself would be attached to the computer s rear expansion port with a single joystick port on the front or top of the system. It came out as the clear winner against other standards such as Protek s cursor based solution and the Fuller standard during the days of the 48K Spectrum. However, when Amstrad released the ZX Spectrum ZX Spectrum 2 ZX Spectrum 2 , the computer featured a built in joystick interface that was software compatible with Sinclair s ZX Interface 2 standard. Unfortunately, the bundled SJS 1 joystick was electrically incompatible with the Atari standard. The Interface 2 standard simulated keypresses on the numerical keys 1 5 and 6 0 being left, right, down, up, fire for the left and right joysticks respectively and hence were ideal for games with no official joystick support but in which the keys could be redefined. Problems had also been reported with the Kempston Interface breaking down on the newer models and it faded slowly into obscurity, although the option to use Kempston joysticks remained in games until the end of the computer s shelf life. see http en.wikipedia.org wiki Kempston Micro Electronics Interfaces hardware stub Category ZX Spectrum ru Kempston Interface ... more details
Cleanup date November 2006 TOCright An Interface metaphor is a set of user interface visuals, actions ... of the interface metaphor is to give the user instantaneous knowledge about how to interact with the user interface. The folders and the file cabinet representation of the file system of an operating system is an example of Interface metaphor. Another example is the tree view representation of a file ... recursive structures. Functional definition Interface metaphors are designed to be similar to physical ... computer , the Xerox Alto, which had a sophisticated graphical user interface GUI involving windows ... to include a graphical user interface. The Macintosh was the second Apple Computer to ship with a graphical user interface, with the Apple Lisa being the first. ref http arstechnica.com articles ... Windows which bore a striking resemblance to both Macintosh, and to the Alto s interface. Windows ... findings Interface metaphors have come a long way since they were first used. Recently, it has been .... An interface for a next generation technology might come from the Video game gaming world, where quick visualization metaphors will be. A downside to changing interface metaphors on a constant ... enhance interface performance. Beginning users, however, could use a sort of help box, because ... hand, understand what is going on with the technical aspects of an interface metaphor. They know what .... While the concept behind interface metaphors appears simple to promote more efficient facilitation ... be done to discover how to further improve interface metaphors so that both novice and expert computer users are able to increase their performance. See also User interface design Desktop metaphor ..., R. L. & Kellogg, W. A. 1988 , Interface Metaphors and User Interface Design, in M. Helander ed ... user interface. Time for a paradigm shift? Retrieved March 31, 2006 from http www.sensomatic.com chz gui index.html Vaananen K. and J. Schimdt 1994 . User Interface for Hypermedia How to Find ... more details
Other uses Interface disambiguation Interface refimprove date May 2010 In the field of computer science , an interface refers to a point of interaction between components, and is applicable at the level ... and software interfaces, a computing interface may refer to the means of communication between ... computing keyboard , an interface with the internet via Internet Protocol , and any other point ... interface may refer to a range of different types of interface at different levels an operating system may interface with pieces of hardware, application software application s or Computer program ... be useful to define public Variable programming variables as part of the interface. It often also specifies ... s or in some experimental languages by formal logical assertions and preconditions. The interface ... described in the interface, as well as other private variables, procedures, etc.. Any other software ... is forced to do so only through the interface. One practical advantage of this arrangement is that replacing the implementation of math A math by another one that meets the same specifications of the interface ... of the interface. See also Liskov substitution principle . Software interfaces in object ... interface is often used to define an Abstract data type abstract type that contains no data but exposes ... the methods corresponding to that interface is said to implement that interface. Furthermore, a class can implement multiple interfaces, and hence can be of different types at the same time. An interface ... be defined in terms of an interface instead of a specific Class computer science class . This allows ... generic and reusable. Usually a method in an interface cannot be used directly there must ... an interface called tt Stack data structure Stack tt that has two methods code push code and code ... defines the interface tt Readable tt that has the single code read code method and a collection ..., an interface like in Java must include only method definitions and constant programming constant values ... more details
An interface in the Java programming language Java programming language is an abstract type that is used to specify an interface computer science interface in the generic sense of the term that class computer science classes must implement. Interfaces are declared using the code interface code Java keywords ... and code final code . An interface may never contain method definitions. Interfaces cannot be instantiated. A class that implements an interface must implement all of the methods described in the interface, or be an abstract class . Object references in Java may be specified to be of an interface ... the interface. One benefit of using interfaces is that they simulate multiple inheritance . All classes .... Furthermore, a Java class may implement, and an interface may extend, any number of interfaces however an interface may not implement an interface. Overview Interfaces are used to encode similarities ... would implement the code Whistler code interface. Another use of interfaces is being able to use ... a certain interface. For instance, if one were annoyed by a whistling noise, one may not know whether ... Whistler code . For example source lang Java interface Bounceable void setBounce Note the semicolon Interface methods are public and abstract. Think of them as prototypes only no implementations are allowed. source Usage Defining an interface Interfaces are defined with the following syntax compare to Class software Java Java s class definition visibility interface InterfaceName extends other interfaces constant declarations abstract method declarations The body of the interface contains abstract Method computer science methods , but since all methods in an interface are, by definition, abstract, the code abstract code keyword is not required. Since the interface specifies a set of exposed behaviors, all methods are implicitly code public code . Thus, a simple interface may be source lang java public interface Predator boolean chasePrey Prey p void eatPrey Prey p source The member type ... more details
interaction human machine interaction , the user interface is the space where interaction between humans and machines occurs. The goal of interaction between a human and a machine at the user interface ... interfaces are related to or involve such disciplines as ergonomics and psychology . A user interface ... interface includes hardware physical and software logical components. User interfaces exist for various ... computer interaction human machine interaction engineering is to produce a user interface which ... user interface has taken on overtones of the graphical graphical user interface user interface ... machine interfaces. Other terms for user interface include human computer interface HCI and man machine interface MMI . Introduction To work with a system, users have to be able to control and assess ... the windshield and exact speed of the vehicle by reading the speedometer . The user interface ... between a user interface and an operator interface or a human machine interface. The term user interface is often used in the context of personal computer systems and electronics electronic ... System or Host. An HMI is typically local to one machine or piece of equipment, and is the interface method between the human and the equipment machine. An Operator interface is the interface method ... interface of a Machine mechanical system, a vehicle or an industry industrial installation is sometimes referred to as the human machine interface HMI . HMI is a modification of the original term MMI man machine interface . In practice, the abbreviation MMI is still frequently used although some ... commonly used for human computer interaction . Other terms used are operator interface console OIC and operator interface terminal OIT . However it is abbreviated, the terms refer to the layer that separates ... used to refer to what is better described as direct neural interface . However, this latter ... user satisfaction . cite The Interaction design design of a user interface affects the amount of effort ... more details
Orphan date December 2006 att July 2009 Interface defeat is when a ceramic armour system, typically on an armoured fighting vehicle , defeats a kinetic energy penetrator at the ceramic s front surface. Above a certain impact velocity , known as the transition velocity , interface defeat can no longer occur and either penetration weapons penetration or perforation of the ceramic occurs. References cite journal author Lundberg, Patrik title Interface Defeat and Penetration Two Modes of Interaction between Metallic Projectiles and Ceramic Targets version publisher Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis year 2004 url http www.diva portal.org diva getDocument?urn nbn se uu diva 4641 1 fulltext.pdf format PDF accessdate 2006 07 24 DEFAULTSORT Interface Defeat Category Ballistics Category Vehicle armour ... more details
news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi northern ireland 2198378.stm title Fresh trouble at interface area publisher ... ireland 6447835.stm title Calm call after interface trouble publisher BBC News date 2007 03 13 accessdate 2008 03 09 ref ref name Heatley cite book last Heatley first Colm title Interface Flashpoints ... famous interface areas is Holy Cross in the Ardoyne area of Belfast , which was the site of Holy ... 2009 03 23 ref Key interface areas noref section date March 2009 North Belfast Alexandra Park Fence cutting the park in half Cliftonpark Avenue the interface between Lower Oldpark and Manor Street Alliance Avenue the interface between Glenbryn and Alliance Ardoyne The interfaces between Torrens and Wyndham Street Oldpark Avenue Oldpark Road The interface between Westland and Little America Duncairn Gardens the interface between Tiger s Bay and New Lodge Limestone Road the interface between Tiger ... more details
In the Java programming language , the constant interface Design pattern computer science pattern describes the use of an interface Java interface solely to define constants, and having Class computer science classes implement that interface in order to achieve convenient syntactic access to those constants. However, since constants are very often merely an implementation detail, and the interfaces implemented by a class are part of its exported API, this practice amounts to putting implementations details into the API, which is considered inappropriate. ref Bloch, Joshua, Effective Java, 2nd Edition, p. 98 ref ref name Sun Sun Microsystems, Inc. 2004 . http java.sun.com j2se 1.5.0 docs guide language static import.html Static Import . ref In general, collecting system constants into classes independent of behaviour, might create a poor object oriented design, because it is often a sign of low .... Contrary to the compile time tactical utility of implementing a constants interface, the incidental run time artifacts have little practical purpose cf. Marker interface pattern marker interfaces which ... releases, the constants interface must remain forever an interface it cannot be converted into a class , even though it has not been used as an interface in the conventional sense. Without an IDE that resolves where the constant are coming from, tracking it back to its containing class or interface can be time consuming. A variable representing an instance of the interface is syntactically no more useful than the interface name itself since it has no methods . Example source lang java public interface Constants public static final double PI 3.14159 public static final double PLANCK CONSTANT ... by converting the constants interface to a proper class with no instances source lang java ..., the class namespace need not be polluted with all members of the constants interface. Run time ... variables of the constants interface type, and it is potentially clearer that no concrete instances ... more details
A Virtual Interface or Virtual Network Interface VIF is an abstract virtualized representation of a computer network interface that may or may not correspond directly to a physical network interface. There is some variation in usage of the term, with different groups using it to mean slightly different things. Usually context will clarify. Operating system level VIF It is common for the OS Kernel computer science kernel to maintain a table of virtual network interfaces in memory. This may allow the system to store and operate on such information independently of the physical interface involved or even whether it is a direct physical interface or for instance a tunnel or a bridged interface . It may also allow processes on the system to interact concerning network connections in a more granular fashion than simply to assume a single amorphous Internet of unknown capacity or performance . The late W. Richard Stevens , in volume 2 of his extensive treatise entitled TCP IP Illustrated , refers to the kernel s Virtual Interface Table in his discussion of multicast routing. For example, a IP Multicast Routing multicast router may operate differently on interfaces that represent tunnels than on physical interfaces e.g. it may only need to collect membership information for physical interfaces . Thus the virtual interface may need to divulge some specifics to the user, such as whether or not it represents a physical interface directly. ref name stevens citation author W. Richard Stevens coauthors Gary R. Wright title TCP IP Illustrated, Volume 2 The Implementation pages 401 434 publisher ... to refer to abstract network interface connections, in some systems a virtual interface framework may allow processes to better coordinate the sharing of a given physical interface beyond the default ... title Building a high performance communication layer over virtual interface architecture on Linux ... Virtual Interface Architecture Network card References Reflist Category Computer networks ... more details
Confusing date December 2006 Interface apparency refers to the degree to which the user interface enables a wiktionary user user to understand hidden contingencies within a computer system in other words, how easy it is for a person coming upon an interface a website, a computer program, or a kiosk to understand the sequence of steps to perform a complex action using that interface. Spatial Visualization Ability Spatial visualization ability helps to predict which users will be bothered by low levels of apparency in an interface the higher a person s spatial visualization ability, the less trouble he or she will have with an interface with hidden dependencies. Introduction Alonso and Kent Norman Norman 1998 define interface apparency as visually showing hidden relationships in the interface. In situations where certain options are unavailable or greyed out, it may be unclear what circumstances would allow those options to be available. For instance, if one is using a text editor, the Delete option may be unavailable because no text is selected, or if no text is on the clipboard, Paste may be greyed out. Recommendations Having hidden dependencies between actions in an application is generally a bad idea increasing the apparency of a website or piece of application software should improve performance for all users. References cite web author Alonso, D.L. year 1998 title The effects of individual differences in spatial visualization ability on dual task performance Dissertation format HTML url http lap.umd.edu lap Papers Dissertations Alonso Dissertation 1998 partI.html accessdate 2006 05 14 cite journal author Alonso, D.L. and Norman, K.L. title Apparency of contingencies in single panel and pull down menus journal Int. J. Human Computer Studies year 1998 volume 49 issue 1 pages 59 &ndash 78 doi 10.1006 ijhc.1998.0200 Category User interfaces ... more details
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