Patent law In patent law , industrialapplicability or industrial application is a patentability requirement according to which a patent can only be granted for an invention which is susceptible of industry industrial application, i.e. for an invention which can be made or used in some kind of industry. In this context, the concept of industry is far reaching it includes agriculture , for instance. An example of invention which would not be susceptible of industrial application is a method of contraception ... to be applied in the privacy private and personal sphere of a human being . ref http legal.european patent office.org dg3 biblio t930074ep1.htm Decision T 74 93 of the Appeal procedure before the European Patent Office Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office ref In relationship with United States patent law, the utility patent utility requirement is a more or less corresponding, but different, requirement. European patent law At the European Patent Organisation European Patent Office EPO , the requirement that an invention is susceptible of an industrial application has generally been taken to be more or less automatically fulfilled but a 2005 decision of the Boards of Appeal of the EPO saw this requirement analysed in new detail. In decision T870 04 it was held that the mere fact that a substance can be made in some way does not necessarily mean that the requirements ... IndustrialApplicability Category Patent law ja ... 04 ref When an alleged invention does not comply with the generally accepted laws of physics , the industrial ..., susceptible of industrial application. This concept was related to the obligation on an applicant ... it could not be used and therefore lacked industrial application. The description would moreover be insufficient ... as not susceptible of industrial application. ref EPC Article 52 4 Update after 2010 11 not EPC ... wo020.html P71 4054 Article 1 of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property , see ... more details
A concept of European Union constitutional law that relates specifically to regulations , direct applicability or the characteristic of regulations to be directly effective is set out in Article 288 ex Article 249 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union as amended by the Lisbon Treaty . ref cite web url http www.accessmylibrary.com coms2 summary 0286 18277053 ITM title The relationship between rights and remedies in EC law in search of the missing link. publisher Common Market Law Review October , 2004 accessdate 2007 12 27 Dead link date January 2010 ref Although often confused with the doctrine of direct effect , direct applicability refers to the fact that regulations require no implementing legislation within individual member states they take effect as soon as they are published by the European Commission . This confusion is perhaps explained by reference to the treaty provision governing regulations which provides that they, and only they, have direct applicability within the member states. The early jurisprudence of the ECJ suggested that direct effect was a consequence of direct applicability as it was thought that the drafters of the original treaty intended regulations, and only regulations, to be directly effective. However, the expansion of the doctrine of direct effect to include directives and other measures served to create a distinction between direct applicability and direct effect. Direct applicability is now taken to mean that regulations require no domestic implementation if direct effect was only ever intended to be a consequence of direct applicability then the relationship has been severed by a series of ECJ cases. References refs Category Administrative law Category European Union law Legislation of the European Union EU stub de Unmittelbare Anwendbarkeit es Aplicabilidad directa ... more details
context date November 2009 refimprove date November 2009 The Applicability Domain AD of a QSAR is the physico chemical, structural or biological space, knowledge or information on which the training set of the model has been developed, and for which it is applicable to make predictions for new compounds. The purpose of AD is to state whether the model s assumptions are met. In general, this is the case for interpolation rather than for extrapolation . Although up to now there is no single generally accepted algorithm for determining the AD, there exists a rather systematic approach for defining interpolation regions ref Jaworska J, Nikolova Jeliazkova N, Aldenberg T QSAR applicabilty domain estimation by projection of the training set descriptor space a review. Altern Lab Anim 2005, 33 5 445 459 ref . The process involves the removal of outliers and a probability density distribution method using kernel weighted sampling. A recent rigorous benchmarking study of several AD algorithms identified standard deviation of models as the most reliable approach ref Tetko IV, Sushko I, Pandey AK, Zhu H, Tropsha A, Papa E, Oberg T, Todeschini R, Fourches D, Varnek A. Critical assessment of QSAR models of environmental toxicity against Tetrahymena pyriformis focusing on applicability domain and overfitting by variable selection. J Chem Inf Model. 2008 Sep 48 9 1733 46. ref . To investigate the AD of a training set of chemicals one can directly analyse properties of the multivariate descriptor space of the training compounds or more indirectly via distance or similarity metrics. When using distance metrics care should be taken to use an orthogonal and significant vector space. This can be achieved by different means of feature selection and successive principal components analysis . Notes references Category Medicinal chemistry Category Pharmacology Category Cheminformatics Category Paradoxes Structure Activity Relationship paradox science stub ... more details
Wiktionary industrial industry Industrial may refer to Industry , segment of the economy Industrial archaeology , the study of industrial history Industrial engineering Industrial group disambiguation Industrial Revolution , the development of industry in the 19th century Industrial society , one that has undergone industrialization Industrial technology Land use Industrial land use or Zoning zoning Training film Industrial is industry jargon for a training film or video Geography Industrial, California disambiguation Industrial, Los Angeles County, California Industrial, Orange County, California Arts and entertainment Industrial music , genre of music Industrial musical , musical performance done only for the employees of a company in order to motivate or educate them Industrial Records , record label Industrial piercing , ear cartilage piercing Industrial album , debut album by the Industrial metal band Pitchshifter band Pitchshifter See also Industry disambiguation Disambiguation es Industrial desambiguaci n nl Industrieel pt Industrial desambigua o ... more details
Industrial Bank is another name for an industrial loan company . It is also a common name for a number of bank s. Industrial Bank China Industrial Bank of Iraq Industrial Bank of Korea Industrial Bank Syria see Economy of Syria Industrial Bank NA Industrial Bank Co. LTD Industrial Bank of Taiwan Industrial Bank of Kuwait disambig category banks ... more details
Wiktionary industrial industry Industrial group may refer to Industry , a segment of the economy Industrial Revolution , the development of industry in the 19th century Industrial society , one that has undergone industrialization Industrial engineering group disambiguation A type of land use An Training film industrial is an industry term for a training film or video. Disambiguation ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2010 Cleanup list date November 2007 Industrial region or industrial area refers to a region with extremely dense industry . It is usually heavily urbanized . Industrial regions by country Brazil ABCD Region , sometimes called ABC ABC paulista or Regi o do Grande ABC in Portuguese is an industrial region made up of seven municipalities with the greater metropolitan area of S o Paulo, Brazil. India Wagle estate , Thane Noida , National Capital Region India N.C.R Japan Ch ky Industrial Area Hanshin Industrial Region Korea Kaes ng Industrial Region , North Korea Southeastern Maritime Industrial Region , South Korea Poland Bia ystok Industrial Region Bielsko Industrial Region Bydgoszcz Toru Industrial Region Carpathian Industrial Region Central Industrial Region Poland Central Industrial Region Cz stochowa Industrial Region Gda sk Industrial Region Upper Silesian Industrial Region Jaworzno Chrzan w Industrial Region Kalisz Ostr w Industrial Region Krak w Industrial Region Legnica G og w Copper Area Lublin Industrial Region d Industrial Region Olsztyn Industrial Region Opole Industrial Region Piotrk w Be chat w Industrial Region Pozna Industrial Region Rybnik Coal Area Old Polish Industrial Region Sudeten Industrial Region Szczecin Industrial Region Tarnobrzeg Industrial Region Tarn w Rzesz w Industrial Region Warsaw Industrial Region Wroc aw Industrial Region Zielona G ra ary Industrial Region See also Industrial park Metropolitan area Category Industry Category Regions Category Urban geography economics stub ja pl Okr g przemys owy ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2008 Industrial labour is labour economics labour in industry , mostly understood as manufacturing , but can include related service workers, such as cleaner s and Cook profession cooks . Industrial labour usually requires skill s in crafts or engineering . Industrial labour movement Labour unions are usually more present in industrial labour than other branches of labour. See also industrial unionism , industrial unrest and industrial action . See also Industrial novel Category Industry Industry stub ... more details
The following roads have been called the Industrial Freeway Industrial Freeway Southern California , unconstructed portion of SR 47 Detroit Industrial Freeway , part of I 94 New York Avenue Industrial Freeway , proposed replacement for US 50 in Washington, D.C. dab ... more details
Industrial heritage is an aspect of cultural heritage dealing specifically with the building s and Cultural artifact artifacts of industry which are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations, often forming a significant attraction for tourism . Image Prestongrange windinggear.jpg thumb right Prestongrange Industrial Heritage Museum The European Route of Industrial Heritage is a network of the most important industrial heritage sites in Europe . See also Industrial archaeology Industrial archaeology of Dartmoor Prestongrange Industrial Heritage Museum , East Lothian , Scotland Rhondda Heritage Park The Industrial Heritage Trail List of industrial archaeology topics External links http www.aboutbritain.com IndustrialAllRegions.htm Long list of links to industrial heritage sites all over Britain http www.ukminingremains.co.uk UK Mining Remains Category Industrial archaeology Heritage Category Cultural heritage history stub ca Patrimoni industrial de Industriedenkmal es Patrimonio industrial fr Patrimoine industriel lv Industri lais piemineklis nl Industrieel erfgoed ja nn Industriminne ru sv Industriminne zh ... more details
Industrial production is a measure of changes in output for the industrial sector of the economy. The industrial sector includes manufacturing, mining, and utilities. ref cite web url http www.federalreserve.gov releases g17 About.htm title Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization accessdate 2011 02 08 publisher Federal Reserve Board ref Although these sectors contribute only a small portion of GDP Gross Domestic Product , they are highly sensitive to interest rate s and consumer demand . Citation needed date February 2011 This makes Industrial Production an important tool for forecasting future GDP and economic performance. Industrial Production figures are also used by central banks to measure inflation, as high levels of industrial production can lead to uncontrolled levels of consumption and rapid inflation . See also Economic reports Index of industrial production References reflist DEFAULTSORT Industrial Production Category Economic data Category Industry bs Industrijska proizvodnja lt Pramon s produkcijos rodiklis sh Industrijska proizvodnja ... more details
The first labor organization gathering to be described as an Industrial Congress was the Continental Congress of the working class founding convention of the Industrial Workers of the World , which took place in 1905. A labor organization with a similar name, the Congress of Industrial Organizations , or the CIO, was founded in 1935 by eight unions that were a part of the American Federation of Labor . disambig ... more details
Industrial complex may refer to A factory or collection of buildings relating to industrial production Military industrial complex , the term referring to a close and symbiotic relationship between a nation s armed forces, and its private industry. Prison industrial complex , The term meaning interest groups that represent organizations that do business in correctional facilities who are believed to be more concerned with making more money than actually rehabilitating criminals or reducing crime rates. College industrial complex , the term referring to the theory that colleges and universities are more concerned with making money than education. Industrial Complex album , a 2010 album by Nitzer Ebb Disambig ... more details
An industrial show can refer to Trade show s organized by one or more business es to promote their products to potential buyers. Industrial musical s performed for company employees for motivational purposes. disambig ... more details
Notability date May 2009 Infobox Music genre name Death industrial bgcolor silver color black stylistic origins Power electronics music Power electronics br Noise music br Dark ambient br Industrial music Industrial br Post industrial music Post industrial cultural origins 1980s, Europe instruments Synthesizer Drum machine Tape loop s Drum kit Drums Guitar Found object s Electronic musical instrument Modified electronics vocals, and other acoustic and electronic instruments popularity Low derivatives subgenres fusiongenres regional scenes other topics Death industrial is an industrial music industrial sub genre typified by a dense atmosphere, low end drones and screamed or distorted vocals. It can be differentiated from power electronics music power electronics by a slower, more atmospheric sound reminiscent of dark ambient dark or Dark ambient History ritual ambient, and a less abrasive sound. The Grey Wolves are often credited for pioneering the style, but the term was first used to describe artists such as Brighter Death Now . Artists Death industrial artists rarely produce only death industrial music, often foraying into power electronics, harsh noise , martial industrial or dark ambient . However, the following artists have all produced at least a few death industrial albums Anenzephalia Archon Satani Atrax Morgue Brighter Death Now Genocide Organ Navicon Torture Technologies The Grey Wolves Melek Tha MZ.412 Cult of Personality Labels Again, there are very few dedicated death industrial labels. However, the following labels were important in the genre s development and perpetuation Broken Flag Cold Meat Industry Cold Spring Records Dark Vinyl Records Malignant Records Black Plagve , a subsidiary of Malignant Records Industrial music footer Category Industrial music cs Death industrial de Industrial Death Industrial fr Death industriel ... more details
in one location. Eligibility of Industrial Parks for benefits ref Industrial Park Benefits http www.incometaxindia.gov.in ... under the Industrial Park Schemes, 1999 & 2002 http dipp.nic.in industrial park industrial park scheme 17082006.pdf ref To set aside industrial uses from urban area urban areas to try to reduce the environmental and social impact of the industrial uses. To provide for localized environmental controls that are specific to the needs of an industrial area. Criticism Different industrial parks fulfill these criteria to differing degrees. Many small communities have established industrial parks with only ... References reflist Developments DEFAULTSORT Industrial Park Category Industrial parks Category Planned industrial developments Industrial Park de Industriegebiet es Parque industrial fa fr Parc industriel gl Pol gono industrial he ms Taman industri nl Industriegebied ja nn Industriomr de pl Park przemys owy pt Parque industrial sq Parku industrial fi Teollisuusalue sv ... more details
Dark industrial is the marriage of dark ambient and industrial. Much like dark ambient, the style is a minimalist soundscape. What separates dark ambient from dark industrial is the harshness. The droning and distorted samples of dark ambient are replaced by waves of static and eerie melodies. Artists Gruntsplatter Innana artist Keimverbreitung Autopsia Hellbone D dheimsgard Anal Kitties creating dark industrial music since 1988 USA Labels Malignant Records USA Cold Meat Industry Sweden Cold Spring UK See also List of post industrial music genres and related fusion genres External links http www.heathenharvest.com Heathen Harvest Illuminating The Post Industrial Underground Refimprove date July 2007 Category Industrial music ... more details
Image IndustrialSymbiosisWasteHeatExchange.png 250px right thumb Example of Industrial Symbiosis. Waste ... to their production process. Industrial symbiosis can be defined as sharing of services, utility, and by product resources among industrial actors in order to add value, reduce costs and improve environment. ref Agarwal, A. and Strachan, P. 2008. Is Industrial Symbiosis only a Concept for Developed ... Management 42 ref Industrial symbiosis is a subset of industrial ecology , with a particular focus on material and energy exchange. Industrial ecology is a relatively new field that is based on a natural paradigm, claiming that an industrial ecology industrial ecosystem may behave in a similar way to the natural ecosystem wherein everything gets recycled. Introduction Eco industrial park Eco industrial development is one of the ways in which industrial ecology contributes to the integration of economic growth and environmental protection . Some of the examples of eco industrial development are Green Twinning single material and or energy exchange Greenfield Eco industrial Development geographically confined space Brownfield Eco industrial Development geographically confined space Eco industrial Network no strict requirement of geographical proximity Virtual Eco industrial Network networks spread in large areas e.g. regional network Networked Eco industrial System macro level developments with links across regions ref Agarwal A. & Strachan P. 2006. Literature review on eco industrial ... effectiveness, Consultancy Report prepared for Databuild Ltd. and National Industrial Symbiosis ... omits any industrial sector wide approaches and appreciates the diversity of the industrial system which is a key feature of industrial symbiosis. It is aimed to include initiatives that focus on achieving .... 2006. Literature review on eco industrial development initiatives around the world and the methods .... and National Industrial Symbiosis Programme, 7th May 2006, Available from http www.abhishekagarwal.co.uk ... more details
GE Industrial was a division of General Electric . It provided a broad range of products and services throughout the world, including appliances, lighting and industrial products factory automation systems plastics, silicones and quartz products security and sensors technology, and equipment financing, management and operating services. Key financial figures for GE Industrial ref http www.ge.com company businesses factsheets industrial.html GE Industrial Fact Sheet ref 2007 Revenue 17.7 billion 2007 Profit 9 vol Number of Employees 70,000 Sub Businesses After some major realignments in late 2007, GE Industrial was organized in two main sub businesses GE Consumer & Industrial GE Appliances Appliances GE Electrical Distribution Electrical Distribution GE Lighting Lighting GE Enterprise Solutions GE Digital Energy Digital Energy GE Fanuc Automation GE Fanuc Intelligent Platforms GE Security Security GE Sensing Sensing & Inspection Technologies The former GE Plastics division was sold on 2007 08 31 and is now SABIC Innovative Plastics. References references General Electric Category General Electric Industrial subsidiaries Category Companies based in Fairfield County, Connecticut de GE Consumer & Industrial ru GE Consumer & Industrial ... more details
unreferenced date February 2010 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Industrial deconcentration is a Socio economics socio economic term used to describe the movement of industrial zones Factory factories away from the center of the city , and further away from each other. It is similar to suburb anization, a residential trend in which a large number of the population move away from the metropolis as the inner city becomes overcrowded. Industrial deconcentration occurs when a previously established industrial district becomes unable to provide efficiently for its own populace due to overcrowding. In a market economy the massive competition and overcrowding of the metropolitan area forces people and businesses to move out to less industrial areas with less traffic congestion . Modernization in the social, economic, and technological fields of a country is a factor in accelerating industrial deconcentration. This phenomenon is more apparent in nations that have been industrialized for a longer time. Most countries experiencing industrial deconcentration at the beginning of the 21st century are the states that began industrializing after the end of World War II . Industrial deconcentration is a conscious goal in a comprehensive decentralization policy to deconcentrate population without excessive commuting , jobs need to be created outside the cities. See also Rust Belt DEFAULTSORT Industrial Deconcentration Category Urban decay Sociology stub ... more details
An industrial coating is a paint or coating defined by its protective, rather than its aesthetic properties, although it can provide both. The most common use of industrial coatings is for corrosion control of steel or concrete. Other functions include intumescent coatings for fire resistance. The most common polymers used in industrial coatings are polyurethane , epoxy and moisture cure urethane . Another highly common polymer used in industrial coating is a fluoropolymer . There are many types of industrial coatings including inorganic zinc, phosphate, and Xylan industrial coating Xylan and Physical vapor deposition PVD coatings. NACE International and The Society for Protective Coatings SSPC are professional organizations involved in the industrial coatings industry. Industrial coatings are often composites of various substances. For example Xylan coating Xylan dry film lubricants are composites of fluoropolymers typically Polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE , Perfluoroalkoxy PFA , and Fluorinated ethylene propylene FEP and reinforcing Thermosetting polymer thermoset polyimide and polyamide binder resins initially suspended in a variety of solvents such as ethyl acetate, xylene, dimethlformamide, and N methyl 2 yrrolidone . A complete coating system may include a primer, the coating, and a sealant top coat. References Paolo Nanetti Coatings from A to Z , Vincentz Verlag, Hannover, 2006, ISBN 3 87870 173 X Category Coatings Category Concrete industry stub ru ... more details
Industrial metabolism was first proposed by Robert Ayres scientist Robert Ayres as the whole integrated collection of physical processes that convert raw materials and energy, plus labour, into finished products and wastes... ref Ayres, R.U., 1994. Industrial metabolism Theory and policy. In Ayres, R.U., Simonis, U.K. Eds. , http www.unu.edu unupress unupbooks 80841e 80841E00.htm Industrial Metabolism Restructuring for Sustainable Development . United Nations University Press, Tokyo, pp. 3 20. ref The goal is to study the flow of materials through society in order to better understand the sources and causes of emissions, along with the effects of the linkages in our socio technological systems. ref S. Anderberg 1998 , Industrial metabolism and linkages between economics, ethics, and the environment , Ecological Economics , 24, pp 311 320 ref See also Portal Sustainable development Anthropogenic metabolism Energy accounting Industrial ecology Material flow accounting Material flow analysis Books http www.unu.edu unupress unupbooks 80841e 80841E00.htm Industrial Metabolism Restructuring for Sustainable Development Sources Reflist Industrial Ecology Category Industrial ecology Category Sustainability Sustainability stub ... more details
Image IIA poster.jpg thumb right Industrial archaeology , like other branches of archaeology , is the study of material culture from the past, but with a focus on industry. Strictly speaking, industrial ... to that and later periods. Industrial archaeologists aim to record and understand the remains of industrialisation ... as the transport and utilities sector. The term industrial archaeology was coined in the 1950s in Birmingham ... and Neaverson Industrial Archaeology Principles and Practice , 1998 defined it as the systematic study of structures and artefacts as a means of enlarging our understanding of the industrial past ... is usually relatively recent, industrial archaeology is often but not always able to achieve a more ... other branches of archaeology, industrial archaeology involves painstaking analysis of physical remains, albeit with a strong emphasis on industrial processes. For instance, in studying a medieval lead ... it and the places where lead was stored or further processed. An example of an industrial archaeology ... of a systematic study of industrial archaeology was the Ironbridge Gorge in Shropshire , United Kingdom UK . This landscape developed from the 17th century as one of the first industrial landscapes .... Sheffield , United Kingdom UK , is one of the world s most intensively studied industrial archaeology ... unit. Topics in industrial archaeology See List of industrial archaeology topics International ... of the Industrial Heritage at its XII Congress in Russia in 2003, and is the international standard for the study, documentation, conservation and interpretation of the industrial heritage. Academic programs Many university archaeology departments include the industrial period in their degree courses. Dedicated industrial archaeology and industrial heritage courses are usually at post graduate level. Organizations There are national industrial archaeology societies in many countries the Society for Industrial Archeology SIA in North America, the Association for Industrial Archaeology AIA ... more details
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