eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D006943 Hyperglycemia , or high blood sugar , is a condition ... dl or 7 mmol l is generally held to have hyperglycemia, whereas a consistent range below 70 .... Chronic hyperglycemia can be measured via the HbA1c test. The definition of acute hyperglycemia ... R, Coppola L, et al. title Vascular effects of acute hyperglycemia in humans are reversed by L arginine. Evidence for reduced availability of nitric oxide during hyperglycemia journal Circulation volume 95 issue 7 pages 1783 90 year 1997 pmid 9107164 ref Signs and symptoms Temporary hyperglycemia ... periods without producing any permanent effects or symptoms. However, chronic hyperglycemia at levels ... damage to the retina etc. In diabetes mellitus by far the most common cause of chronic hyperglycemia ... to avoid these serious long term complications. Acute hyperglycemia involving glucose levels that are extremely ... diabetes. The following symptoms may be associated with acute or chronic hyperglycemia, with the first ... author Sommerfield AJ, Deary IJ, Frier BM title Acute hyperglycemia alters mood state and impairs ... hyperglycemia that persists even in fasting states is most commonly caused by diabetes mellitus , and in fact chronic hyperglycemia is the defining characteristic of the disease. Intermittent hyperglycemia may be present in prediabetic states. Acute episodes of hyperglycemia without an obvious cause may indicate developing diabetes or a predisposition to the disorder. In diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia ... the mechanisms fail in a way that allows glucose to rise to abnormal levels, hyperglycemia is the result. Drugs Certain medications increase the risk of hyperglycemia, including beta blocker s, epinephrine ... , ref cite journal author Cetin M, Yetgin S, Kara A, et al. title Hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis ... journal author Luna B, Feinglos MN title Drug induced hyperglycemia journal JAMA volume 286 issue ... of stimulants such as amphetamine typically produces hyperglycemia chronic use, however, produces hypoglycemia ... more details
Stress hyperglycemia also called stress diabetes or diabetes of injury is a medical term referring to transient elevation of the blood glucose due to the stress medicine stress of illness. It usually resolves spontaneously, but must be distinguished from various forms of diabetes mellitus . It is often discovered when routine blood chemistry measurements in an ill patient reveal an elevated blood glucose. Blood glucose can be assessed either by a bedside fingerstick glucose meter or plasma glucose as performed in a laboratory the latter being more efficacious . A retrospective cohort study by the Mayo Clinic held that bedside glucometry was a reliable estimate of plasma glucose with a mean difference of 7.9 mg dL, but still may not coincide with every individual. ref name Mayo2005 cite journal author Finkielman J, Oyen L, Afessa B title Agreement between bedside blood and plasma glucose measurement in the ICU setting journal Chest volume 127 issue 5 pages 1749 51 year 2005 pmid 15888855 doi 10.1378 chest.127.5.1749 ref The glucose is typically in the range of 140 300 mg dl 7.8 16.7 mM but occasionally can exceed 500 mg dl 28 mM , especially if amplified by drugs or intravenous glucose. The blood glucose usually returns to normal within hours unless predisposing drugs and intravenous glucose are continued. Stress hyperglycemia is especially common in patients with hypertonic dehydration and those with elevated catecholamine levels e.g., after emergency department treatment of acute asthma with epinephrine . Steroid diabetes is a specific and prolonged form of stress hyperglycemia. In some people, stress hyperglycemia may indicate a reduced insulin secretory capacity ... in which significant stress hyperglycemia occurred. Treatment One of the most sweeping changes in intensive ... treatment of stress induced hyperglycemia. ref name survivingsepsis Dellinger RP, Carlet JM, Masur ... to the management of stress induced hyperglycemia in the ICU. References references Intensive ... more details
Glycemia means the presence, or the level, of glucose in one s blood . Related words include Hyperglycemia , an unusually high concentration of sugar in the blood Hypoglycemia , an unusually low concentration of sugar in the blood disambig ... more details
stress hyperglycemia , hyperglycemia due to excessive intravenous glucose, or new onset diabetes ... with corticosteroid treatment because subclinical hyperglycemia worsens and becomes symptomatic ... more details
Hyperglycinemia refers to a condition where glycine is elevated in the blood. Types include Propionic acidemia , also known as ketotic glycinemia Glycine encephalopathy , also known as non ketotic hyperglycinemia . It may also be a misspelling of hyperglycemia . Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. Category Amino acid metabolism disorders medicine stub ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 A sugar crash or glucose crash is the term used in USA American popular culture to refer to a supposed sense of fatigue after consuming a large quantity of carbohydrates . It is variously described as a sense of tiredness, lethargy, irritation, or hangover. The alleged mechanism for it would be that the rapid rise in blood glucose normally leads to brisk insulin secretion, which in turn leads to rapid glucose uptake by tissues which then either accumulate it as glycogen or use it for energy production the consequent fall in blood glucose is indicated as the reason for the sugar crash . See also Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia Category Metabolic disorders DEFAULTSORT Sugar Crash Health stub ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Microcoria is a congenital disease in which the pupil s of the subject are narrower than 2mm in diameter. Microcoria is associated with juvenile onset glaucoma . It is also part of the known manifestations of a born infant to a mother suffering from uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Other symptoms include transposition of great vessels, respiratory distress secondary to surfactant defect, sacral agensis, jitteriness, irritability, and lethargy due to rebound fetal hypoglycemia. See also Miosis Category Diseases of the eye and adnexa Eye stub ... more details
multiple issues cleanup February 2011 copyedit February 2011 one source February 2011 orphan February 2011 sections February 2011 wikify February 2011 expert Medicine date February 2011 nofootnotes date February 2011 Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome HHNS is a condition that can occur in people with diabetes . It is seen most commonly in type 2 diabetes. Unlike type 1 diabetes, there is sufficient insulin production to maintain cellular function without resorting to secondary means of energy production, such as protein catabolism and fatty acid breakdown. This avoids the severe ketosis seen in diabetic ketoacidosis , although some ketones may be present. Severe hyperglycemia increases the osmolality of the blood. The glucose, ketones and other solutes absorbed by the kidneys cause water to be drawn into the kidneys at the site of the distal tubules and collecting duct through a process called osmotic diuresis. This leads to increased urine output and electrolyte imbalances. Eventually the body becomes dehydrated, causing hyperosmolality increase in the amount of solutes in the blood and hypovolemia, which in turn exacerbate the hyperglycemia. Hypovolemia decreases renal perfusion, leading to oliguria decreased urine output and eventually anuria absence of urine output . Eventually these processes can lead to hypovolemic shock , coma or death. Treatment focuses on rehydration, correcting the hyperglycemia with insulin, and searching for precipitating factors such as infection. The electrolyte disturbances seen in patients with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome are Hyperglycemia Hyperosmolality Hyponatremia or Hypernatremia. Hyponatremia due to high glucose levels each 100 sub mg sub of glucose higher then 200 sub mg sub lower sodium levels by 1.6 Hypernatremia may accur due to osmotic diuresis and dehydration. The sodium concentration is inconstant Hyperkalemia or normal K sup sup levels. Although K sup sup might be elevated, there is a pota ... more details
unreferenced date August 2010 Van Goethem Syndrome , also called radiodigitofacial dysplasia , is a congenital disorder . Characteristics Very frequent signs of the disorder include Anemia Absence or abnormality of the clavicle Difficulties feeding in infancy High vaulted or narrow palate Narrow, sloping shoulders Downturned mouth Platelet disorders Talipes varus valgus Short stature or dwarfism Hypoplastic thumb Hyperglycemia Diabetes mellitus Absent or abnormal humerus Micrognatia retrognatia Median ray abnormal or cleft hand Restricted joint mobility Causes Empty section date July 2010 Treatments Empty section date July 2010 External links http www.orpha.net consor cgi bin OC Exp.php?Lng DE&Expert 3014 orpha.net Category Rare diseases Category Genetic disorders with no OMIM Category Congenital disorders Category Syndromes Genetic disorder stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name MODY 4 Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 606392 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID MODY 4 is a form of maturity onset diabetes of the young . MODY 4 arises from mutations of the Pdx 1 homeobox gene on chromosome 13 human chromosome 13 . Pdx 1 is a transcription factor vital to the development of the embryonic pancreas. Even in adults it continues to play a role in the regulation and expression of genes for insulin, GLUT2, glucokinase, and somatostatin . MODY 4 is so rare that only a single family has been well studied. A child born with pancreatic agenesis absence of the pancreas was found to be homozygous for Pdx 1 mutations. A number of older relatives who were heterozygous had mild hyperglycemia or diabetes. None were severely insulin deficient and all were controlled with either diet or oral hypoglycemic agent s. References reflist Endocrine pathology Transcription factor coregulator deficiencies endocrine disease stub Category Diabetes ... more details
wastes. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non ketotic syndrome HHNS , characterized by severe hyperglycemia ... 2010 07 30 ref Depending upon whether or not it involves hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia or a combination ... also Blood sugar Hyperglycemia Diabetic hypoglycemia journal Glossary of terms associated with diabetes ... more details
Image clarkeerrorgrid.gif thumb The Clarke Error Grid The Clarke Error Grid Analysis EGA was developed in 1987 to quantify clinical accuracy of patient estimates of their current blood glucose as compared to the blood glucose value obtained in their meter. ref Clarke WL, Cox D, Gonder Frederick LA ,Carter W, Pohl SL Evaluating clinical accuracy of systems for self monitoring of blood glucose. Diabetes Care 10 622 628,1987 ref It was then used to quantify the clinical accuracy of blood glucose estimates generated by meters as compared to a reference value. A description of the EGA appeared in Diabetes Care in 1987. ref http care.diabetesjournals.org cgi content abstract 10 5 622?ijkey 959ce0073ff9f91dfd78630b4259267d96a9db0f&keytype2 tf ipsecsha ref Eventually, the EGA became accepted as one of the gold standards for determining the accuracy of blood glucose meters. The grid breaks down a scatterplot of a reference glucose meter and an evaluated glucose meter into five regions ref http www.fda.gov cdrh oivd guidance 1171.gif ref Region A are those values within 20 of the reference sensor, Region B contains points that are outside of 20 but would not lead to inappropriate treatment, Region C are those points leading to unnecessary treatment, Region D are those points indicating a potentially dangerous failure to detect hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia , and Region E are those points that would confuse treatment of hypoglycemia for hyperglycemia and vice versa. References reflist Category Diabetes de Error Grid Analyse ... more details
hyperglycemia caused by the lack of insulin can lead to further acidity. In healthy individuals ... mellitus diabetic patients, ketoacidosis is usually accompanied by insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia ... potentially leading to dangerous glucose and ketone levels in the blood. Hyperglycemia results in glucose ... more details
, infants display fasting hypoglycemia , postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia , which progress to permanent hyperglycemia and recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis . Pathophysiology Image autorecessive.svg ... leptin may result in improvement of fasting hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, basal glucose, and glucose ... more details
that acidic guanidine derivatives can ameliorate hyperglycemia in animal models of noninsulin dependent ... guanidinopropionic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia in diabetic KKAy and C57BL6Job ob mice and increases ... more details
Injury is damage to a biological organism . Classification By cause Trauma medicine Traumatic injury , a body wound or shock produced by sudden physical injury, as from violence or accident ref name Dictionary cite encyclopedia title Trauma encyclopedia Dictionary.com year 2010 publisher Dictionary.com, LLC url http dictionary.reference.com browse trauma accessdate 2010 10 31 ref Other injuries from external physical causes, such as Radiation poisoning radiation injury , burn injury or frostbite Injury from infection Injury from toxin or as adverse effect of a pharmaceutical drug Metabolic injury Complications of diabetes due to hyperglycemia Complications of lysosomal storage disease lysosomal and glycogen storage disease s Injury due to autoimmunity Injury due to cancer Injury secondary to any other disease By location Wound , an injury in which skin is torn, cut or punctured an open wound , or where blunt force physical trauma trauma causes a bruise contusion a closed wound . In pathology , it specifically refers to a sharp injury which damages the dermis of the skin. Brain injury Spinal cord injury Nerve injury Soft tissue injury Cell damage , including direct DNA damage By activity Sports injury Occupational injury References reflist Uncategorized date February 2011 ... more details
The burnt out diabetes or burnt out diabetes mellitus is a term for a medical hypothesis which holds that hyperglycemia high blood sugar of diabetes mellitus may disappear in a proportion of diabetic patients with end stage renal disease including dialysis patients , even if these individuals have already suffered from some terminal consequences of diabetes mellitus including diabetic nephropathy that led to their kidney failure . The terminology was first discussed by India Indian nephrologists in The Hindu reference and then systematically discussed by Csaba P Kovesdy and his colleagues in an aricle that appeared early 2010 in the Seminars in Dialysis ref cite journal author Kovesdy CP, Park JC, Kalantar Zadeh K. title Glycemic Control and Burnt Out Diabetes in ESRDGlycemic Control and Burnt Out Diabetes in ESRD journal Semin Dial. volume 1 issue 1 pages 793 808 year 2010 month March pmid 20374552 doi .x ref References reflist External links refbegin http www.hindu.com thehindu mag 2003 11 09 stories 2003110900330700.htm The Hindu journal describing burnt out diabetes http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 20374552 burnt out diabetes paper in Seminars in Dialysis http www.cachexia.com Cachexia Society refend Category Medical conditions related to obesity Category Epidemiology med stub ... more details
of severe hyperglycemia , dehydration and shock circulatory shock , and exhaustion. Coma only ... blood chemistries in the emergency department reveal hyperglycemia and severe metabolic acidosis ... is lethargy progressing to obtundation , rather than vomiting and an obvious illness. Extreme hyperglycemia ... extreme hyperglycemia often above 1800 mg dl 100 mM and dehydration. The treatment consists ... more details
delivery can result in hyperglycemia . The appropriate response is to deliver a correction dose ... additional insulin in the future to prevent hyperglycemia. Conversely, excessive insulin delivery ... waking blood sugars are found, to determine if more insulin is needed to prevent hyperglycemia or if less ... in insulin delivery awareness to the signs of hypoglycemia awareness to hyperglycemia in response ... more details
, they increase gluconeogenesis in the liver and muscle resulting in hyperglycemia, which increases ... and may be responsible for fetal tachycardia, as well as hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia at birth ... more details
from the leaves of C. spicatus is used to treat diabetes hyperglycemia . However, a 2009 study concluded that this treatment ...had no efficacy in the treatment of obesity induced hyperglycemia. ref ... more details
Wikify date December 2010 Infobox disease Name Glycogen storage disease type 0 Image Caption DiseasesDB 31944 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 240600 OMIM mult OMIM2 611556 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj ped eMedicineTopic 873 MeshID Glycogen storage disease type 0 is characterized by a deficiency in the glycogen synthase enzyme. Although glycogen synthase deficiency does not result in storage of extra glycogen in the liver, it is often classified with the GSDs because it is another defect of glycogen storage and can cause similar problems. Mutations in the liver isoform, GYS2, causes fasting hypoglycemia, high blood ketones, increased free fatty acids and low levels of alanine and lactate. Conversely, feeding in these patients results in hyperglycemia and hyperlactatemia. There are two versions The muscle version involves GYS1. The liver version involves GYS2. ref name pmid9691087 cite journal author Orho M, Bosshard NU, Buist NR, et al. title Mutations in the liver glycogen synthase gene in children with hypoglycemia due to glycogen storage disease type 0 journal J. Clin. Invest. volume 102 issue 3 pages 507 15 year 1998 month August pmid 9691087 pmc 508911 doi 10.1172 JCI2890 ref References reflist Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism Category Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism Category Hepatology Category Inborn errors of metabolism endocrine disease stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 E10.5, E11.5, E12.5, E13.5, E14.5 ICD9 ICD9 250.7 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D003925 Diabetic angiopathy is a form of angiopathy associated with diabetes mellitus . While not exclusive, the term is generally an umbrella for the two most common forms Diabetic retinopathy and Diabetic nephropathy , whose pathophysiologies are largely identical. Pathophysiology Hyperglycemia resulting from diabetes mellitus does not result in a net increase in intracellular glucose in most cells, as insulin is required for glucose uptake. However, chronic dysregulated blood glucose in this condition causes a marked toxicity toward those classes of vascular endothelium which passively assimilate glucose i.e. in spite of low insulin , notably the pericytes of various microvasculature s. Pericytes express enzymes which convert glucose into osmologically active metabolites such as sorbitol leading to hypertonic cell lysis. Over time, pericyte death may result in reduced capillary integrity subsequently, there is leaking of albumin and other proteins into fluid compartments. The glomeruli of the kidneys are especially sensitive see diabetic nephropathy where protein leakage caused by late stage angiopathy results in diagnostic proteinuria and eventually renal failure . In diabetic retinopathy the end result is often blindness due to irreversible retinal damage. Prognosis and complications Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of adult kidney failure worldwide. It also the most common cause of amputation in the US, usually toes and feet, often as a result of gangrene , and almost always as a result of peripheral vascular disease. Retinal damage from microangiopathy makes it the most common cause of blindness among non elderly adults in the US. Prognosis is generally poor for all forms of Diabetic angiopathy, as symptomatology is tied to the advancement of the underlying pathology i.e. the early s ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 401035851 ImageFile Psicose.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName 3R,4R,5R 1,3,4,5,6 pentahydroxyhexan 2 one OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 81254 InChI 1 C6H12O6 c7 1 3 9 5 11 6 12 4 10 2 8 h3,5 9,11 12H,1 2H2 t3 ,5 ,6 m1 s1 InChIKey BJHIKXHVCXFQLS PUFIMZNGBH StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C6H12O6 c7 1 3 9 5 11 6 12 4 10 2 8 h3,5 9,11 12H,1 2H2 t3 ,5 ,6 m1 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey BJHIKXHVCXFQLS PUFIMZNGSA N CASNo 23140 52 5 PubChem 90008 SMILES O C C H O C H O C H O CO CO MeSHName psicose Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 6 sub H sub 12 sub O sub 6 sub MolarMass 180.156 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition D Psicose D ribo 2 hexulose, Carbon C sub 6 sub Hydrogen H sub 12 sub Oxygen O sub 6 sub is an ultralow energy monosaccharide sugar . It is a C 3 epimer of D fructose , and is present in small quantities in agricultural products and commercially prepared carbohydrate complex es. It is known as a rare sugar because it is rarely found in nature, and even when found, only in small amounts. D Psicose yields only 0.3 the metabolic energy of the equivalent amount of sucrose . Its name derives from the antibiotic psicofuranine , from which it can be isolated. Research is being conducted into how it can be used in diets to aid in combatting hyperglycemia , hyperlipidemia , and obesity . External links http rare sugar.com Rare Sugar Research Center Carbohydrates Category Ketohexoses de Psicose es Psicosa fr Psicose fy Psikoaze ja pt Psicose carboidrato ru sv Psicos tr Psikoz karbonhidrat ... more details
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