Unsourced image removed Image Hoogsteenbase pair.png 160px right A Hoogsteenbasepair is a variation of base pairing in nucleic acid s such as the A T pair. In this manner, two nucleobase s on each strand can be held together by hydrogen bond s in the major groove. A Hoogsteenbasepair applies the N7 position of the purine base as a hydrogen bond acceptor and C6 amino group as a donor , which bind the Watson Crick N3&ndash N4 face of the pyrimidine base. History This term is named for Karst Hoogsteen , who, in 1963, first recognized the potential for these unusual pairings quoted from Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by David Nelson and Michael Cox, 4th edition, published in 2005 by Freeman . Chemical properties Hoogsteen pairs have quite different properties from Basepair Watson Crick base pairs . The angle between the two glycosylic bonds ca. 80 in the A T pair is larger and the C1&prime &ndash C1&prime distance ca. 860 pm or 8.6 is smaller than in the regular geometry. In some cases, called reversed Hoogsteenbase pairs, one base is rotated 180 with respect to the other. Triplex structures File Hoogsteen.png thumb right 200px Base triads in a DNA triple helix structure This non Watson Crick base pairing allows the third strands to wind around the duplexes, which are assembled in the Basepair Watson Crick pattern , and form triple stranded DNA triple stranded helices such as poly dA 2poly dT and poly rC 2poly rC . It can be also seen in three dimensional structures ... of stacked associations of hoogsteen bonded guanines. ref In vivo veritas Using yeast to probe ... Feb 21 ref Triple helix base pairing Watson and Crick base pairs are indicated by a , , or a . example A T, or poly rC 2poly rC . Hoogsteenbase pairs are indicated by a or a example C G G , T A T, C G G, or T A A . See also Basepair Wobble basepair G quadruplex RNA Tertiary Structure References reflist Category Nucleic acids fr Appariement Hoogsteen ... more details
DNA or RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bond s are called a basepair often abbreviated bp . In the canonical Watson Crick DNA base pairing, adenine A forms a basepair with thymine T and guanine G forms a basepair with cytosine C . In RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil U . Alternate hydrogen bonding patterns, such as the wobble basepair and Hoogsteenbasepair , also occur&mdash ... and stability Image GC basepair jypx3.png thumb 280px A GC basepair demonstrating three intermolecular hydrogen bond s Image AT basepair jypx3.png thumb 280px An AT basepair demonstrating two intermolecular hydrogen bond s Hydrogen bond ing is the chemical interaction that underlies the base ..., does occur fairly often in RNA see wobble basepair . Paired DNA and RNA molecules are comparatively ..., that a GC stacking interaction with the next basepair is geometrically different from a CG ... , which resembles thymine but can basepair to guanine in its enol form. Other chemicals, known ... are commonly used to describe the length of a D R DNA NA molecule bp basepair s one bp ... DEFAULTSORT BasePair Category Genetics Category Nucleic acids ar bg ... di basi he ku Basepair hu B zisp r nl Basenpaar ja pl Para zasad pt Par de bases simple Basepair sl Bazni par fi Em spari sv Baspar tr Baz ifti uk ur vi ... translation . Some DNA or RNA binding enzymes can recognize specific base pairing patterns that identify ... genome is often measured in base pairs because DNA is usually double stranded. Hence, the number of total base pairs is equal to the number of nucleotides in one of the strands with the exception ... to be about 3 billion base pairs long and to contain 20,000 25,000 distinct genes. ref name ... ref A kilobase kb is a unit of measurement in molecular biology equal to 1000 base pairs of DNA ... Base stacking and base pairing contributions into thermal stability of the DNA double helix . Nucleic ... more details
Image Wobble.svg thumb right 255px Wobble base pairs for inosine and guanine In molecular biology , a wobble basepair is a non Watson Crick base pairing between two nucleotides in RNA molecules. The four main wobble base pairs are guanine uracil , inosine uracil , inosine adenine , and inosine cytosine G U, I U, I A and I C . The thermodynamic stability of a wobble basepair is comparable to that of a Watson Crick basepair. Wobble base pairs are fundamental in RNA secondary structure and are critical for the proper translation of the genetic code . tRNA wobble In the genetic code , there are math 4 3 math 64 possible codons tri nucleotide sequences . For translation genetics translation , each ... U wobble basepair. A fundamental building block of RNA structure crucial to RNA function ... books bv.fcgi?rid mboc4.figgrp.1058 Wobble base pairing between codons and anticodons DEFAULTSORT Wobble BasePair Category Nucleic acids Category Protein biosynthesis genetics stub de Wobble Hypothese ... Crick base pairing, then 64 types species of tRNA molecule would be required. In the standard genetic ... pair with more than one codon. In 1966, Francis Crick proposed the Wobble hypothesis to account for this. He postulated that the Directionality molecular biology 5 base on the anticodon, which binds to the Directionality molecular biology 3 base on the mRNA , was not as spatially confined as the other two bases, and could, thus, have non standard base pairing. ref cite journal author Crick F title ... base pairing to occur at the third codon position, i.e., the 3 nucleotide of the mRNA codon and the 5 ... embo reports kvd001 pmc 1083677 ref tRNA Base pairing schemes The original wobble pairing rules, as proposed by Crick. Watson Crick base pairs are shown in bold , wobble base pairs in italic class wikitable tRNA 5 anticodon base mRNA 3 codon base A U C G G C or U U A or G I A or C or U Revised pairing rules class wikitable tRNA 5 anticodon base mRNA 3 codon base G U,C C G k sup 2 sup C A A U,C ... more details
Wiktionarypar pair The word pair , derived via the French words pair paire from the Latin par equal , can refer to 2 number , two of something Topological pair , an inclusion of topological spaces. Au pair , a work agreement Couple , various senses for two joined things Even number, in roulette etc. Ordered pair , in Mathematics and set theory Twisted pair , a couple of electric wires twisted together Pair parliamentary convention , matching of members unable to attend, so as not to change the voting margin pair , the French equivalent of peer, holder of a French Pairie , French high title roughly equivalent to a member of the British peerage pair , a member of the Prussian House of Lords List of cricket terms P Pair Cricket getting a pair means being out for 0 in both innings of a match A handshaking process in Bluetooth communications P sub air sub , Pressure of air in a system A team in pair skating See also Pairing Pear fruit Pare Tanzanian ethnic group Student s t test Use Paired test in statistical hypothesis testing disambig de Pair fr Pair nl Pair ja ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 PAIR Peer Allocated Instant Response is a project in the Netherlands that aims to match students with best suited peer candidates for online support. ref citation title The University of Europe accessible to all journal The Guardian author Mandy Garner url http www.guardian.co.uk universitychallenge university europe location London date 2009 01 19 accessdate 2010 05 20 ref It was launched in 2006 by the Open University of the Netherlands , an online university, and was supported by Fontys University of Applied Sciences Fontys University and SURF, the national organization in the Netherlands that coordinates ICT in higher education. ref name jass citation author Wim Westera title Peer Allocated Instant Response PAIR Computational Allocation of Peer Tutors in Learning Communities journal Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation volume 1010 url http jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk 10 2 5.html date 31 Mar 2007 issue 2 ref The system works as follows ref name ppt http www.open.ou.nl wim presentations help me.ppt Help me Online Learner Support through the Self Organised Allocation of Peer Tutors PPTlink ref Online students requiring help type their question into an Instant messaging IM like client they are then automatically and instantaneously paired with another student who is currently online. When the conversation is over, both parties rate the experience. The currently used allocation algorithm does not perform a semantic analysis of the question it allocates peer tutors based on their position in the curriculum relative to the help seeker, their past workload and past ratings. A simulation of the allocation algorithm was carried out ref name jass and two 8 week pilot projects were conducted at the Open University and the Fontys University. ref name ppt References reflist Category Education in the Netherlands Category Distance education ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 A Lewis electron pair is a pair of electrons with opposite spins located in a molecule . The pair of electrons can comprise either a covalent bond, or a lone pair, localized in a mostly non bonding molecular orbital . See also Lewis acid Lewis base Nucleophile DEFAULTSORT Lewis Pair Category Molecular physics Quantum stub Chem stub fr Paire d lectrons de Lewis ... more details
Image Compound trans.svg thumb right Sziklai pair transistor configuration In electronics , the Sziklai pair also known as a compound transistor is a configuration of two bipolar transistor s, similar to a Darlington pair ref name TAoE cite book first Paul last Horowitz coauthors Winfield Hill title The Art of Electronics publisher Cambridge University Press year 1989 isbn 0 521 37095 7 ref . In contrast to the Darlington arrangement, the Sziklai pair has one NPN transistor NPN and one PNP transistor PNP transistor, and so it is sometimes called the complementary Darlington . Current gain is similar to that of a Darlington pair, which is the product of the gains of the two transistors. The configuration is named for its inventor George Clifford Sziklai George C. Sziklai . TOC One advantage over the Darlington pair is that the base turn on voltage is only about 0.6V or half of the Darlington s 1.2V nominal turn on voltage. Like the Darlington, it can saturate only to 0.6V, which is a drawback for high power stages. As with a Darlington pair, a resistor e.g., 100&Omega &ndash 1k&Omega is usually connected between Q2 emitter and base to improve its turn off time i.e., its performance for high frequency signals ref name TAoE . Sziklai based output stages Sziklai pairs are sometimes used .... That is, rather than using a Darlington NPN push pair i.e., two NPN transistors and a Darlington PNP pull pair i.e., two PNP transistors , the designer uses Sziklai pairs for both the upper push pair and the lower pull pair. By using two Darlington pairs, the designer is hoping that the combination ... push pair i.e., two NPN transistors and a Sziklai pull pair i.e., one PNP and one NPN transistor ... of the lower pull pair, which uses a single NPN transistor, more closely matches the performance of the upper push pair, which consists of two NPN transistors PNP transistors have lower carrier ... Section 4 Power Amplifier discusses design of a BJT Sziklai pair based class AB current driver ... more details
Wiktionary baseBase or BASE may refer to In computing BASE search engine , Bielefeld Academic Search Engine Basically Available, Soft state, Eventual consistency BASE , a consistency model Google Base , an online database provided by Google OpenOffice.org Base , OpenOffice.org s database module, also known as ooBase an HTML element Document head elements HTML element code base code In mathematics Base, one of the sides of a triangle Base geometry Base group theory Base mathematics or radix, the b in b sup n sup Base topology , a topological space In science Base chemistry , a substance that can ... base Beta alumina solid electrolyte , a fast ion conductor material In other uses Base baseball , the 3 canvas bags and home plate Base company , an international design, communications, audiovisual, copywriting and publishing firm Base politics , a group of voters who almost always support a single party s candidates Base, Maharashtra , village in India BASE mobile , a Belgian mobile telecommunications ... Cooking base , a concentrated flavouring compound Binder material , a material that holds paint or other ... Military base , or non military base, which provides shelter, military equipment and personnel Pedestal ... Search and Exploration Institute Base, a type of connection on a transistor Base, a position in some cheerleading stunts People with the surname Rob Base , American rapper See also Wikisource1911Enc BaseBasepair , a pair of connected nucleotides on complementary DNA and RNA strands Nucleobase , in genetics, the parts of DNA and RNA involved in forming base pairs Bipolar junction transistor , Base Switch that controls current in a transistor Base and superstructure Marxism BASE jumping ... ar an Base ast Base bs Baza vor ca Base cs B ze da Base de Base el es Base eo Bazo fr Base gl Base hr Baza io Bazo it Base he la Basis lv B ze lmo Basa hu Alap egy rtelm s t lap nl Base pt Base ro Baz ru simple Base sk B za sl Baza fi Kanta sv Bas th uk ... more details
File Hydroxide lone pairs 2D.svg thumb right 200px Lone pairs in hydroxide In chemistry , a lone pair is a valence electron pair without valence bond bonding or sharing with other atom s. They are found ... thumb right 300px Lone pairs in ammonia A , water B and hydrochloric acid C A single lone pair can ... nucleus on average compared to the bonding pair of electrons. The presence of a lone pair decreases the bond angle between the bonding pair of electrons, due to their high electric charge which ... in water and is due to the oxygen atom donating a lone pair to the hydrogen ion. This can be seen ... theory . Unusual lone pairs A stereochemically active lone pair is also expected for divalent lead ... oxides experimental and theoretical evidence for a revision of the lone pair model D.J.Payne, R.G.Egdell ... evidence of the lone pair and adopt the symmetric rocksalt crystal structure ref The origin of the stereochemically active Pb II lone pair DFT calculations on PbO and PbS A.Walsh and G.W.Watson, J. Sol ... on Lone Pair Formation in Sn II Monochalcogenides A DFT Study A.Walsh and G.W.Watson, J. Phys. Chem. B 2005 , 109, 18868 DOI 10.1021 jp051822r ref In molecular systems the lone pair can also result in a distortion in the coordination of ligands around the metal ion. The lead lone pair effect can ... pair to lead poisoning . Lead ions in the human metabolism replace native metallic ions in several ... to accommodate such an emerging lone pair consequently, these proteins are perturbed. This lone pair ... have an effective bond order 2 with one lone pair B and trans bent geometries. In lead the bond ... empty 4p orbital ref Lewis base induced tuning of the Ge Ge bond order in a digermyne G.H.Spikes ... 600px Lone pair trends in group 14 triple bonds See also Commons category Lone pair Ligand Coordination complex HOMO LUMO Highest occupied molecular orbital Inert pair effect References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Lone Pair Category Theoretical chemistry ar ca Parell solitari de Freies Elektronenpaar ... more details
Expand French date December 2008 Infobox French commune name Saint Pair region Basse Normandie department Calvados arrondissement Caen canton Troarn INSEE 14640 postal code 14670 mayor Janine Queruel term 2008&ndash 2014 intercommunality Entre bois et marais longitude 0.184166666667 latitude 49.17 elevation m 22 elevation min m 3 elevation max m 43 area km2 3.28 population 251 population date 2007 Saint Pair is a Communes of France commune in the Calvados Departments of France department in the Basse Normandie Regions of France region in northwestern France . Population D mographie 1962 113 1968 86 1975 129 1982 148 1990 156 1999 200 2007 251 See also Communes of the Calvados department References http www.insee.fr en home home page.asp INSEE reflist Calvados communes DEFAULTSORT Saintpair Category Communes of Calvados Calvados geo stub br Saint Pair ceb Saint Pair es Saint Pair fr Saint Pair it Saint Pair ms Saint Pair nl Saint Pair pl Saint Pair pt Saint Pair ru simple Saint Pair uk vi Saint Pair vo Saint Pair war Saint Pair ... more details
Pair Options are a type of Option finance options which are based on the relative performance of stock s within a given pair of correlated stocks. Investing in Pair Options requires choosing one stock from the pair that the investor predicts will be a better performer. Pair Options are available OTC Over the Counter , directly from market makers . Concept of Pair Options With Pair Options the concept is that the trader is allowed to take a position on one stock over another within a predetermined correlated stock pair. The fact that the two stocks are correlated makes Pair Options a market neutral instrument, and help the trader avoid the market risk. A Pair Option has commonly predetermined returns according to 1 the stock initially chosen as the better performer and 2 the relative performance of the stocks that make up the stock pair. The 2 main categories of Pair Options are Fixed Pair Options and Floating Pair Options Fixed Pair Options Fixed Pair Options follow the relative performance of the pair s underlying stocks from the time the investor opens the trade to the expiry time. The pair s underlying stocks relative performance measurement starts when the trade is opened. In addition, the return percentage, expiry time and position size are all fixed for a period of time. Floating Pair Options A Floating Pair Option follows the pair s underlying stocks performance from the option start time beginning of the day, week or month to the option s expiry time. So when a trader opens a Floating Pair Option there is usually a gap between the underlying stocks performance, so 1 stock will be in the money, while the other stock will be out of the money. Also, it can be opened or closed during any time during the option s period of trading. Category Options Category Investment ... more details
Single pair may refer to Single pair high speed digital subscriber line , a data communications technology Single pair shortest path problem , the problem of finding a path between two vertices such that the sum of the weights of its constituent edges is minimized disambig ... more details
Foreign Exchange A currency pair is the quotation of the relative value of a currency unit against the unit of another currency in the foreign exchange market . The currency that is used as the reference is called the counter currency or quote currency and the currency that is quoted in relation is called the base currency or transaction currency. Currency pairs are written by concatenating the ISO currency code s ISO 4217 of the base currency and the counter currency, separating them with a slash character. Often the slash character is omitted. A widely traded currency pair is the relation of the euro against the US dollar , designated as EUR USD. The quotation EUR USD 1.2500 means that one euro is exchanged for 1.2500 US dollars. The most traded currency pairs in the world are called the Majors . They involve the currencies euro , US dollar , Japanese yen , pound sterling , Australian dollar , Canadian dollar , and the Swiss franc . Syntax and quotation Currency quotations use the abbreviations for currencies that are prescribed by the International Organization for Standardization ... weaker than the dollar. Base currency anchor Base currency The rules for formulating standard currency pair notations result from accepted priorities attributed to each currency. From its inception in 1999 and as stipulated by the European Central Bank , the euro has first precedence as a base currency. Therefore, all currency pairs involving it should use it as their base, listed first ... currencies. The term base currency in the foreign exchange field is also used as the accounting currency by banks, and is usually the domestic currency. For example, a British bank may use GBP as a base ... USD position is closed out with a profit in USD by a British bank, then the rate to base will be expressed ..., specifically called lot sizes, or multiples thereof. The standard lot size is 100,000 units of the base ... Pair Category Foreign exchange market pl Waluta bazowa ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Stamp US 1908 series 1c Washington line pair.jpg right 100px thumb Guide line pair Image Stamp US 1917 3c Washington perf10h line pair.jpg right 100px thumb Joint line pair A line pair can be more than one thing. In philately A line pair in philately is a coil pair of postage stamp s bearing an inked line between the two stamps. There are at least two kinds of these A guide line pair has a guide line between the stamps. Since the guide lines are deliberately incised into the plate, they will generally be sharp and clear. A joint line pair has a joint line between the stamps, deriving from the seam in the cylindrical plate used to print the stamps. These lines are somewhat smeared in appearance. In image processing A line pair in image processing is this on a test pattern consisting of closely spaced black parallel lines on a white background, a line pair is one black line together with the white space on one side of it. When photographers say lines of resolution , they mean line pairs. In television and video, one line pair equals two TV lines or pixels , of Display resolution resolution . DEFAULTSORT Line Pair Category Philatelic terminology Category Image processing ru ... more details
In mechanics , a pair potential is a function that describes the potential energy of two interacting objects. Examples of pair potentials include the Coulomb s law , Newton s law of universal gravitation , the Lennard Jones potential and the Morse potential . Pair potentials are very common in physics exceptions are very rare. An example of a potential energy function that is not a pair potential is the three body Axilrod Teller potential . Category Mechanics physics stub ... more details
Split date February 2011 The term critical pair has two distinct meanings in mathematics in Usage in mathematical logic mathematical logic and in Usage in order theory order theory . Usage in mathematical logic A critical pair arises in term rewriting system s where rewrite rules overlap to yield two different terms. For example, in the term rewriting system with rules math rho 1 f g x,y , z rightarrow g x,z math math rho 2 g x,y rightarrow x math , the only critical pair is then g x , z , f x , z . When one side of the critical pair reduction mathematics reduces to the other, we say that the critical pair is convergent . Where one side of the critical pair is identical to the other, we say that the critical pair is trivial . Note that if the term rewriting system is not confluence term rewriting confluent , the critical pair may not converge, so critical pairs are potential sources where confluence will fail. In fact, we have the critical pair lemma, which states that a term rewriting system is weakly confluent if all critical pairs are convergent. Thus, to find out if a term rewriting system is weakly confluent, it suffices to test all critical pairs and see if they are convergent. This makes it possible to find out algorithmically if a term rewriting system is weakly confluent or not. Weak confluence clearly implies convergent critical pairs if any critical pair a , b arises, then a and b have common reduct and thus the critical pair is convergent. Usage in order theory A critical pair in a partially ordered set P X , is, loosely speaking, a pair of elements that are very nearly, but not quite, comparable. Formally, it is an ordered pair x , y of elements of X that are incomparable ... P is a order dimension realizer of P if and only if it reverses every critical pair, or more rigorously, if and only if for every critical pair u , v of P there is some linear extension L in F for which v sub L sub u . External links MathWorld urlname CriticalPair title Critical Pair References ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date November 2006 In chemistry , a shared pair is a pair of electrons chemical bond bonding two atoms together by being shared by the two atoms, because the positive atomic nucleus nuclei are attracted to the negative electron s. See also Covalent bond Diatomic molecule DEFAULTSORT Shared Pair Category Chemical bonding Chem stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In mathematics , particularly algebraic topology , a pair of spaces is an ordered pair X , A where X is a topological space and A a subspace with the subspace topology . The use of pairs of spaces is sometimes more convenient and technically superior to taking a quotient space of X by A . Pairs of spaces occur centrally in relative homology . DEFAULTSORT Pair Of Spaces Category Algebraic topology Category General topology ... more details
Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name The Judas Pair image Image Judas Pair.jpg 200px image caption Cover of the 1st edition author John Grant Lovejoy Jonathan Gash illustrator cover artist country United Kingdom language English Language English series genre Crime novel publisher Collins Crime Club release date 1977 media type Print Hardcover Hardback pages 210 pp. isbn 0002313839 dewey 823 .9 14 congress PZ4.G2468 Ju 1977 PR6057.A728 oclc 4466340 The Judas Pair is a crime fiction crime novel by John Grant Lovejoy Jonathan Gash , author of the Lovejoy series of novels. The story was first published in 1977 and won a John Creasey Award . The story was adapted by Ian La Frenais for the BBC television series Lovejoy starring Ian McShane . The episode The Judas Pair first aired on 7 February 1986 as episode 5 of season 1. Plot summary Antiques dealer Lovejoy is commissioned to hunt down what he considers to be a mythical object, the Judas Iscariot Judas pair, the supposed 13 number thirteenth pair of duelling pistols made by the famous London gunsmith gunmaker Durs Egg . After two murder s Lovejoy is certain that the pistols do exist, and are now in the hands of the murderer. Publication history The Judas Pair , Johnathan Gash, Collins Crime Club, 1977, ISBN 0002313839, hardcover. The Judas Pair , Johnathan Gash, Harper & Row, 1977, ISBN 0 06 011464 9, hardcover. The Judas Pair , Johnathan Gash, Dell Publishing, 1981, ISBN 0 440 14354 3, paperback. The Judas Pair , Johnathan Gash, W. F. Howes, 1999, ISBN 1 84197 004 2, audiobook cassette. The Judas Pair , Johnathan Gash, W. F. Howes, 2000, ISBN 1 84197 091 3, audiobook CD. External links imdb title id 0637233 title The Judas Pair DEFAULTSORT Judas Pair, The Category 1977 novels Category English novels Category Crime novels 1970s novel stub ... more details
local loop s far from the telephone exchange . A pair gain system consists of concentrator s or multiplexer ... the existing copper cable pair. The signals are then separated into individual subscriber lines at the customer premises. The pair gain unit which performs the multiplexing can be as simple as providing ... connection. A larger analog pair gain system made by Anaconda in the 1960s provided seven lines. Some pair gain units can expand the number of subscriber lines available over a single copper pair to as many as sixty. Large pair gain units are stored in Serving area interface s or metal Cabinet ... that overlie communications rights of way. DACS Digital Access Carrier System was a form of pair ... pair gain has come into disfavor in recent years, as it is detrimental to high speed dial up modem ... recent digital pair gain systems take the concept even further, however, restoring 56k and DSL capabilities by performing the functions of a DSLAM at the pair gain device. More recently, the term pair gain has been used to refer to any multiplex demultiplex unit used between the central office and end users, not just equipment used with copper twisted pair. Where digital loop carrier called Remote ... are unavailable due to infrastructure issues. The problem is that pair gain lines cannot carry high speed data. ref http www.comparebroadband.com.au article 59 Pair Gain and RIM Failures.htm Pair ... more details
About the employment arrangement other uses Au pair disambiguation Refimprove date May 2010 Childcare An au pair plural au pairs is a domestic assistant from a foreign country working for, and living as part ... as well as some housework , and receive a small monetary allowance for personal use. Au pair ... from the French language French term au pair , meaning on a par or equal to , indicating that the relationship is intended to be one of equals the au pair is intended to become a member of the family ... pair originated in Europe after World War II. Before the war, an abundant supply of domestic ... non servant role was created. Thus the au pair, who was supposed to be treated as a member of the family rather than a servant, and was not required to wear a uniform. An au pair receives an allowance ... pair might retire to his or her room to watch television , study, or go out with friends. Provision is often made for the au pair to have time for studying, especially of the language of the host ... limits as to how many hours an au pair is allowed to work. Tasks can include taking children to and from ... or contract signed by the employer and the au pair and proof that health and accident insurance cover has been obtained by the au pair. A template of the contract is available on the Austrian ... and tell the au pair where to take the documents to be stamped for a fee . Canada Au Pair does not really exist in the same format as the rest of the world. The Canadian government has the Live In Caregiver program, which has broader requirements than the Au Pair program. Standard qualifications ... providing support for documentation and advice on the program. Finland An au pair s responsibilities also include light housework, totaling six hours a day, five days a week. The au pair has her ... language course to help the au pair communicate better with the children and get more out of his ... a carte Navigo urban travel pass which is worth 52 euros. North Americans can fix up au pair placements ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2006 In chemistry , an electron pair consists of two electrons that occupy the same molecular orbital orbital but have opposite spin orbital spin s. Image Covalent&PolarBond.png right thumb 200px MO diagram s depicting covalent left and polar covalent right bonding in a diatomic molecule . In both cases a bond is created by the formation of an electron pair. Because electrons are fermion s, the Pauli exclusion principle forbids these particles from having exactly the same quantum numbers . Therefore the only way to occupy the same orbital, i.e. have the same orbital quantum number s, is to differ in the spin quantum number . This limits the number of electrons in the same orbital to exactly two. The pairing of spins is often energetically favorable and electron pairs therefore play a very large role in chemistry . They can form a chemical bond between two atoms as a lone pair . fill the core electron core levels of an atom. Because the spins are paired, the magnetic moment of the electrons cancels and the contribution of the pair to the magnetic properties will in general be a diamagnetism diamagnetic one . Although a strong tendency to pair off electrons can be observed in chemistry, it is also possible that electrons occur as unpaired electron s. In the case of metallic bonding the magnetic moments also compensate to a large extent, but the bonding is more communal so that individual pairs of electrons cannot be distinguished and it is better to consider the electrons as a collective ocean . A very special case of electron pair formation occurs in superconductivity the formation of Cooper pair s. See also Polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory DEFAULTSORT Electron Pair Category Quantum chemistry Category Chemical bonding de Elektronenpaar es Par de electrones et Elektronpaar it Doppietto elettronico nl Elektronenpaar pl Para elektronowa pt Par de el trons fi Elektronipari sv Elektronpar ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 Confusing date March 2007 A split pair is a wiring error where two connections that are supposed to be connected using the two wires of a twisted pair are instead connected using two wires from different pairs. Such wiring negates the benefit of using twisted pair in the first place and is likely to cause errors in high rate data lines and increase Interference communication interference on voice lines, especially on long runs. When using registered jack connections and other connection schemes that use modular connector s it is very easy for the unwary to introduce split pairs. The easiest way to wire such a connector is to put the pairs next to each other but this will not result in correct pairing. See also Copper cable certification DEFAULTSORT Split Pair Category Signal cables telecom stub ... more details
Image Two Gannets edit 2.jpg thumb 240px Northern Gannet pair. In biology , a pair bond is the strong affinity that develops in some species between the males and or females in a pair, potentially leading to breeding. Pair bonding is a term coined in the 1940s ref Cite journal contribution Pair bond year 2005. title Oxford English Dictionary postscript Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it or change its value to . for the cite to end in a . , as necessary. Category Articles with inconsistent citation formats ref that is frequently used in sociobiology and evolutionary psychology circles. The term often implies either a lifelong socially monogamous relationship or a stage of mating interaction in socially monogamous species. It is sometimes used in reference to human relationships. Monogamous ... prairie voles are important for facilitation of pair bonding. ref name Lim 2004 cite journal author ... issue 6993 pages 754 7 year 2004 month June pmid 15201909 doi 10.1038 nature02539 ref Pair bonding is also ... female pair bonded individuals. ref name sfgate http sfgate.com cgi bin article.cgi?f c a 2004 02 07 ... book The Myth of Monogamy , there are several varieties of pair bonds File Schakale Kreuzkap 02.jpg thumb Black backed jackal s are one of very few mammals to also be monogamous . This pair ... dies. Short term pair bond a transient mating or associations Long term pair bond bonded for a significant portion of the life cycle of that pair Lifelong pair bond mated for the life of that pair Social pair bond attachments for territorial or social reasons, as in cuckold situations Clandestine pair bond quick extra pair copulations Dynamic pair bond e.g. gibbon mating systems being analogous ... away inside the shells he goes seeking extra pair copulations with the mates of other males who, of course ... pair copulation frequently occurs in monogamous birds in which a social father provides intensive care ... of pair bonding , from Nature journal Nature Category Ethology Category Animal sexuality ... more details
Otheruses4 dual pairs of vector spaces dual pairs in representation theory Reductive dual pair Unreferenced date December 2009 In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics a dual pair or dual system is a pair of vector spaces with an associated bilinear form . A common method in functional analysis, when studying normed vector space s, is to analyze the relationship of the space to its continuous dual , the vector space of all possible continuous linear form s on the original space. A dual pair generalizes this concept to arbitrary vector spaces, with the duality being expressed by a bilinear form. Using the bilinear form, semi norm s can be constructed to define a polar topology on the vector spaces and turn them into locally convex spaces , generalizations of normed vector spaces. Definition A dual pair is a 3 tuple math X,Y, langle , rangle math consisting of two vector space s math X math and math Y math over the same real number real or complex numbers complex field mathematics field math mathbb F math and a bilinear form math langle , rangle X times Y to mathbb F math with math forall x in X setminus 0 quad exists y in Y langle x,y rangle neq 0 math and math forall y in Y setminus 0 quad exists x in X langle x,y rangle neq 0 math We say math langle , rangle math puts math X math and math Y math in duality . We call two elements math x in X math and math y in Y math ... as math langle x, f rangle f x qquad x in V mbox , f in V math forms a dual pair. A locally convex ... x in E mbox , f in E math forms a dual pair. to show this, the Hahn Banach theorem is needed For each dual pair math X,Y, langle , rangle math we can define a new dual pair math Y,X, langle , rangle ... i y i quad x in E , y in E beta math form a dual pair. Comment Associated with a dual pair math X,Y ..., these maps are isomorphisms. See also dual topology polar set polar topology reductive dual pair DEFAULTSORT Dual Pair Category Functional analysis Category Duality theories pl Para dwoista ... more details
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