Unreferenced date December 2009 Disputed date March 2008 In sociology , role homogeneity is the degree of overlap amongst the different dramaturgy roles performed by different members of a community. Rural sociology rural sociology Rural sociologists often note that amongst rural communities there exists a very high degree of role homogeneity, that is, one person may perform the duties of banking banker , sports coach , religion deacon , education school board member, and neighbor. Controversy Sociologists have demonstrated that in areas of strong homogeneity, there is a general tendency to repress controversy. As a result, when disagreements arise, they can result into serious crises. Such communities tend to have local newspaper s which are more oriented towards marketing , rather than news. What news is published, in a highly homogeneous society, tends to focus on non controversial topics and avoid bad news . See also dramaturgy rural sociology sociology DEFAULTSORT Role Homogeneity Category Sociological terms ... more details
For homogeneity of variance see homoscedasticity . In statistics , homogeneity and its opposite, heterogeneity , arise in describing the properties of a dataset, or several datasets. They relate to the validity of the often convenient assumption that the statistical properties of any one part of an overall dataset are the same as any other part. In meta analysis , which combines the data from several studies, homogeneity measures the differences or similarities between the several studies. Homogeneity can be studied to several degrees of complexity. For example, considerations of homoscedasticity ... of homogeneity apply to all aspects of the statistical distribution s, including the location parameter ... . In addition to these, questions of homogeneity apply also to the joint distributions . The concept of homogeneity can be applied in many different ways and, for certain types of statistical analysis ... once some initial types of non homogeneity have been dealt with. Examples Regression Differences ... values against time to examine homogeneity of the series in various ways stability across time ... way. There can then be questions of examining the homogeneity across sites of the distribution ... can be considered homgeneous over time. Homogeneity within populations Simple populations surveys ... the homogeneity of the population would involve looking to see whether the responses of certain ... non car owners, or there may be differences between different age groups. Tests A test for homogeneity ... also Heterogeneous Statistics Heterogeneity Homogeneity and heterogeneity describes uses of this terminology .... doi 10.1017 S1350482703005061 Krus, D.J., & Blackman, H.S. 1988 .Test reliability and homogeneity from ... Scaling Homogeneity Homogeneity.htm Request reprint . Loevinger, J. 1948 . The technic ... Bulletin, 45, 507&ndash 529. External links http visualstatistics.net Scaling Homogeneity 20and 20Reliability Homogeneity 20and 20Reliability.htm Reliability and homogeneity. Category Statistical ... more details
wiktionary homogeneous Homogeneity , homogeneous , or homogenization may refer to Science Homogeneity physics , translational invariance or compatibility of units in equations Homogeneous chemistry , a property of a mixture showing no variation in properties Homogenization chemistry , intensive mixing of mutually insoluble substance or groups of substance to obtain a soluble suspension or constant. Homogenized milk is one example. Homogenization biology , a process that involves breaking apart cells releasing organelles and cytoplasm Homogeneity ecology , means all of the same or similar kind or nature. In ecological terms, it can also be expressed as a lack of, or reduction in biodiversity. Homogenization mathematics , the study of partial differential equations with highly oscillatory coefficients and the determination of effective properties of materials with inhomogeneous moduli e.g. elastic, thermal, electrical Mathematics Homogenization mathematics , the study of partial differential equations with highly oscillatory coefficients Homogeneity statistics , logically consistent data matrices Homogeneous function Homogeneous polynomial , in algebra Homogeneous differential equation Linear map Homogeneous linear transformation Homogeneous coordinates , used in projective spaces Homogeneous space for a Lie group G, or more general transformation group Graded algebra Homogeneous ideal in a graded ring Homogeneous large cardinal property Homogeneous model in model theory Homoscedasticity , homogeneity of variance See also Heterogeneous disambiguation , links relating to objects or systems consisting of multiple items having a large number of structural variations Monoculturalism , ethnic homogeneity or the advocacy of it Zygosity disambig bg cs Homogenita eo Homogeneco fr Homog n it it Omogeneit nl Homogeniteit pt Homogeneidade ru sk Homogenita sl Homogenost ... more details
In general, homogeneity is defined as the quality or state of being homogeneous of the same or similar Nature innate nature , from Greek meaning same . It also means having a uniform structure throughout . For instance, a uniform electric field which has the same strength and the same direction at each point would be compatible with homogeneity all points experience the same physics . A material constructed with different constituents can be described as effectively homogeneous in the electromagnetic domain, when interacting with a directed radiation field light, microwave frequencies, etc. ref name homogeneity http www.merriam webster.com dictionary homogeneityHomogeneity . Merriam webster.com ref ref name Homogeneous http www.merriam webster.com dictionary Homogeneous Homogeneous . Merriam webster.com ref In physics, homogeneous usually means describing a material or system that has the same properties at every point of the space in other words, uniform without irregularities. In physics ..., homogeneity has the connotation of invariance, as all components of the equation have the same ... identical cumulative distribution function or values . ref name homogeneity ref name Homogeneous Context ... are Dimensional homogeneity see below is the quality of an equation having quantities of same units on both sides Homogeneity in space implies Conservation law conservation of momentum and homogeneity ..., Inc., 2004. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. accessed 2009 11 16 ref Homogeneous cosmology Homogeneity ... of homogeneity. For example, a uniform electric field i.e., which has the same strength and the same direction at each point would be compatible with homogeneity at each point physics will be the same ... In Lagrangian formalism, homogeneity in space implies conservation of momentum, and homogeneity ... of Noether s theorem . Dimensional homogeneity As said in the introduction, dimensional homogeneity ... Homogeneity Physics Category Dimensional analysis da Homogenitet de Homogenit t el ... more details
about homogeneity related to ecology homogeneity disambiguation Homogeneous adjective means consisting of parts or people which are similar to each other or are of the same type. Homogeneity noun means all of the same or similar kind or nature. In ecological terms it can also be expressed as a lack of, or reduction in biodiversity . Species richness is the fundamental unit in which to assess the homogeneity of an environment. Therefore, any reduction in species richness, especially endemic species , could be argued as advocating the production of a homogenous environment. Compare heterogeneous Examples Monocultures Homogeneity in agriculture and forestry in particular, industrial agriculture and forestry use a limited number of species. ref Luc Hens and Emmanuel K. Boon http www.multiciencia.unicamp.br artigos 01 A1 HensBoon ing.PDF Causes of Biodiversity Loss a Human Ecological Analysis , MultiCiencia. Human Ecology Department, Belgium. ref About 7,000 plants 2.6 of all plant species have been collected or cultivated for human consumption. Of these, a mere 200 have been domesticated and only a dozen contribute about 75 of the global intake of plant derived calories. 95 of world consumption of protein derives from a few domesticated species, ie poultry, cattle and pigs. There are about 1,000 commercial fish species, but in aquaculture fewer than 10 species dominate global production. Human food production therefore rests on the tips of pyramids of biodiversity, leaving the majority of species not utilised and not domesticated. ref http www.undp.org biodiversity biodiversitycd biodiv brf 06.pdf Food Security and Biodiversity. Biodiversity in Development . Accessed 17 11 09 ref Species migration Species naturally migrate and expand their ranges, utilising new habitats and resources, e.g. the Bubulcus ibis cattle egret . These natural invasions, an incursion in the absence ... for which to assess global homogeneity, it appears that anthropogenic assistance in alien species ... more details
For other meanings of heterogeneity, homogeneity, and related words Heterogeneity disambiguation Homogeneity disambiguation Wiktionary homogeneity heterogeneity homogeneous heterogeneous Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts relating to the uniformity or lack thereof in a substance. A material that is homogeneous is uniform in composition or character one that is heterogeneous lacks uniformity in one of these qualities. ref name websters hetrogeneity ref name Heterogeneous ref name homogeneous 1913and1928 The concepts are applicable to combinations at every level of complexity, from atom s to population s of animal s or Human people , to Galaxy galaxies Clarify date September 2010 . Hence, a substance may be homogeneous on a larger scale, compared to being heterogeneous on a smaller scale within the same substance. This is known as an effective medium approximations effective medium approach, or effective medium approximations. ref name Gueguen Cite book last Gu guen, first Yves coauthors and Palciauskas, Victor title Introduction to the physics of rocks publisher Princeton University Press date May 1994 pages 53 72 Chapter 3 url http books.google.com books?id fCP5qyRyX oC&pg PA53&dq heterogeneous physics&hl en&ei awWLTK7ZMYL58AahzNWtDA&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 4&ved 0CD4Q6AEwAw v onepage&q heterogeneous 20physics&f false format isbn 9780691034522 Google Books preview download available ref ref name Effective medium Cite journal last Shadrivov first Ilya V. title Nonlinear magnetic metamaterials journal Optics Express volume 16 format Introduction section. Free PDF download pages 20266 date 2008 11 24 url http assets0.pubget.com pdf 19065165.pdf doi 10.1364 OE.16.020266 accessdate 2009 11 26 pmid 19065165 last2 Kozyrev first2 AB last3 Van Der Weide first3 DW last4 Kivshar first4 YS issue 25 ref Heterogeneity Heterogeneity is the state of being heterogeneous ..., usually occurring at the micro scale and mini scale. ref name Gueguen HomogeneityHomogeneity is the state ... more details
No footnotes date December 2008 According to the outgroup homogeneity bias , individuals see members of ingroup their own group as being more varied than members of outgroup sociology other groups . This bias was found to be unrelated to the number of group and non group members individuals knew. One might think that people thought members of their own groups were more varied and different simply because they knew them better, but this is actually not the case. The outgroup homogeneity bias was found between groups such as men and women who obviously interact frequently. The implications of this effect to stereotyping is obvious, and it may be related to confirmation bias . A similar bias on the individual level is the trait ascription bias . Compare to the group attribution error . See also Portal Psychology Group serving bias List of cognitive biases Outgroup sociology References Quattrone, G.A., & Jones, E.E. 1980 . The perception of variability within in groups and out groups Implications for the law of small numbers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 38, 141 152. Quattrone, G.A. 1986 . On the perception of a group s variability. In S. Worchel & W.G. Austin eds. Psychology of intergroup relations , 2nd ed. Chicago Nelson Hall. http search.epnet.com login.aspx?direct true&db pbh&an 7299108 Mullen, B. & Hu, L. 1989 . Perceptions of ingroup and outgroup variability A meta analytic integration. Basic and Applied Social Psychology , 10, 233 252. Category Cognitive biases Category Social psychology ja ... more details
The Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity , or BITCH 100 , is an intelligence test created by Robert Williams psychologist Robert Williams in 1972 oriented toward the language, attitudes, and life styles of African American s. White American White students perform more poorly on this test than blacks, suggesting that there are important dissimilarities in the cultural backgrounds of blacks and whites. ref name bitchSource cite conference first Robert L last Williams year 1972 title The BITCH 100 A Culture Specific Test url http eric.ed.gov 80 ERICWebPortal contentdelivery servlet ERICServlet?accno ED070799 conference American Psychological Association Annual Convention location Honolulu, Hawaii month September ref ref Racial Differences on a Black Intelligence Test Journal of Negro Education, 43, 4, 429 436, F 74 ref Some argue that these findings indicate that test bias plays a role in producing the gaps in IQ test scores. ref IQ Tests and the Black Culture McNiel, Nathaniel D. ref Similarly to the Williams test, the Chitling Intelligence Test ref http wilderdom.com personality intelligenceChitlingTestShort.html The Chitling Test of Intelligence Short Version Bot generated title ref is another example of a culturally biased test that tends to favor African Americans. ref Dove, A. The Chitling Test. From Lewis R. Aiken, Jr. 1971 . Psychological and educational testings. Boston Allyn and Bacon. ref verify source date November 2010 reason At the very least, the title of the book appears to be misspelled, and I can t confirm the statement from a later version of the book. Both of these tests demonstrate how cultural content on intelligence tests may lead to culturally biased score results. Still these criticisms of cultural content may not apply to culture free tests of intelligence. The BITCH 100 and the Chitling test both have explicit cultural assumptions, while normal standardized test s are only theorized to have implicit bias. The fact that a test can have ... more details
Circularity can mean Begging the question , i.e., circular logic Circular definition A circularity ratio as a compactness measure of a shape An assumption of Analysis of variance ANOVA s with repeated measures. It denotes the homogeneity of the variances of difference values between the conditions. It is often also called sphericity . disambig ... more details
Mixing time may refer to Blend time , the time to achieve a predefined level of homogeneity of a flow tracer in a mixing vessel Mixing mathematics , an abstract concept originating from physics used to attempt to describe the irreversible thermodynamic process of mixing Disambig ... more details
Cleanup rewrite date August 2010 Wiktionary heterogeneity Homogeneity and heterogeneity Heterogeneity or the property of being Heterogeneous is when several different things are mixture mixed together and may refer to A Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions heterogeneous reaction , a reaction in chemical kinetics that takes place at the interface of two or more phases, i.e. between a solid and a gas, a liquid and a gas, or a solid and a liquid A heterogeneous catalysis , one in which the catalyst is in a different phase from the substrate Study heterogeneity , a concept in statistics A heterogeneous taxon , a taxon that contains a great variety of individuals or sub taxa usually this implies that the taxon is an artificial grouping Genetic heterogeneity , multiple origins causing the same disorder in different individuals. Heterogeneity in landscape ecology , the measure of how different parts of a landscape are from one another. Heterogeneous computing , electronic systems that utilize a variety of different types of computational units Heterogeneous data, a mix of data in enterprise computing from two or more sources, often of two or more formats, e.g., SQL and XML See also Homogeneity and heterogeneity Homogeneity disambiguation disamb ... more details
The Taub NUT vacuum is an exact solutions in general relativity exact solution to Einstein s equations , a model universe formulated in the framework of general relativity that is Homogeneity physics homogeneous but anisotropic . It is based on a solution published by Abraham Haskel Taub in 1951. ref A. H. Taub, Empty space times admitting a three parameter group of motions, Annals of Mathematics , second series, 53 , 3 May 1951 , 472 490, JSTOR 1969567 . ref References reflist Category Exact solutions in general relativity T relativity stub it Vuoto di Taub NUT ... more details
Summary R3D digital film clip icon 256x256 pixels, RGBA 8 for RED Digital Cameras audio video streams. Inspired to and purposedly made compliant with Adobe Creative Suite icons, with a Red Digital Cinema Camera Company s distinctive look. The icon is based on an Adobe icon for homogeneity with other applications, but re coloured, minimally re designed and finished by User Walter.Arrighetti Walter.Arrighetti to include new aspects of the file format it is intended for REDCODE . Licensing self cc by sa 3.0 ... more details
Summary R3D digital film clip icon 256x256 pixels, RGBA 8 for RED Digital Cameras audio video streams. Inspired to and purposely made compliant with Adobe Creative Suite icons, with a RED Digital Cinema Camera Company s distinctive look dark grey metalish with iron inserts and a ruby red gem. The icon is based on an Adobe icon for homogeneity with other applications, but re coloured, minimally re designed and finished by User Walter.Arrighetti Walter.Arrighetti to include new aspects of the file format it is intended for REDCODE . Licensing cc by sa 3.0 ... more details
wiktionary uniformity Uniformity may refer to Distribution uniformity , a measure of how uniformly water is applied to the area being watered Religious uniformity , the promotion of one state religion, denomination, or philosophy to the exclusion of all other religious beliefs Retention uniformity , a concept in thin layer chromatography Tire uniformity , a concept in vehicle technology Uniformity chemistry , a measure of the homogeneity of a substance s composition or character Uniformity complexity , a concept in computational complexity theory Uniformity philosophy , the concept that the same natural laws and processes that operate in the universe now have always operated in the universe Uniformity topology , a concept in the mathematical field of topology Uniformity of motive , a concept in astrobiology disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In physics , a non Gaussianity is the correction that modifies the expected Gaussian function estimate for the measurement of a physical quantity . In physical cosmology , the fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background are known to be approximately Gaussian, both theoretically as well as experimentally. However, most theories predict some level of non Gaussianity in the primordial density field. Detection of these non Gaussian signatures will allow discrimination between various models of inflation and their alternatives. External links commonscat http arxiv.org abs 1002.3173 Testing gaussianity, homogeneity and isotropy with the cosmic microwave background Category Measurement Category Physical cosmology Physics stub ... more details
The Dove Counterbalance General Intelligence Test, informally known as the Chitling Intelligence Test, ref Handbook of psychological assessment by Gary Groth Marnat, fourth edition 2003, page 58 ref is an IQ test based on African American specific item content, which is often used for instructional purposes in education and psychology. It has not been subjected to a complete validation study. See also Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity History of the race and intelligence controversy Race and intelligence References reflist Category Race and intelligence controversy psychology stub ... more details
wiktionary Shim may refer to Shim computing , an application compatibility workaround Shim spacer , a thin and often tapered or wedged piece of material Shim fencing Shim magnetism , a device used to adjust the homogeneity of a magnetic field CPU shim , in computing, a component that may be placed between the CPU and its heatsink Cumorah Shim , a hill in the Book of Mormon Sim Korean name , pronounced shim Second harmonic imaging microscopy SHIM a derogatory slur for transsexual people See also lookfrom intitle Shimmer disambiguation Sim disambiguation disambig de Shim ja ... more details
unreferenced date September 2009 Religious cleansing is a euphemism for a form of religious persecution in which members of a religious population are subjected to imprisonment, Population transfer expulsion , or death by a majority to achieve religious homogeneity in majority controlled territory. While akin to ethnic cleansing a better known form of discrimination throughout human history religious cleansing is less defined by a group s ancestry and more defined by that religious group s spiritual allegiance of interest. Such cleansing is often precipitated by the declaration of a religion or creed as illegal and outlawed, as in the case of the Spanish Inquisition and the Edict of Fontainebleau . Category Religious persecution Category Euphemisms fa ... more details
The Perfect Cosmological Principle states that the Universe is homogeneity physics homogenous and isotropy isotropic in space and time. In this view the universe looks the same everywhere on the large scale as it always has and always will. It is the principle underpinning steady state theory and Chaotic inflation theory . The Perfect Cosmological Principle is an extension of the Cosmological Principle , which accepts that the universe changes its gross feature with time, but not in space. astronomy stub Category Physical cosmology et T ielik kosmoloogiline printsiip fr Principe cosmologique parfait it Principio cosmologico perfetto sk Dokonal kozmologick princ p ... more details
Blend time , sometimes termed mixing time , is the time to achieve a predefined level of homogeneity of a Flow tracer tracer in a Static mixer mixing vessel . Blend time is an important parameter to evaluate the mixing efficiency of mixing devices. ref name Bai Bai, G., Armenante, P. M., Plank, R. V., Experimental and Computational Determination of Blend Time in USP Dissolution Testing Apparatus II, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 96, Issue 11, Pages 3072 3086, 2007 ref In order to make this definition valid, the tracer should be in the same physical Phase matter phase e.g. liquid as the bulk material. Blend time can be determined either with experiments or Mathematical model numerical modeling , such as computational fluid dynamics CFD . ref Campolo M, Soldati A. 2004. Numerical evaluation of blend time in a tank reactor stirred by a magnetically driven impeller. Ind Eng Chem Res 43 6836 6846. ref ref Yeoh SL, Papadakis G, Yianneskis M. 2005. Determination of blend time and degree of homogeneity in stirred vessels with large eddy simulation. Chem Eng Sci 60 2293 2302. ref The experimental methods to determine the blend time in liquid include conductivity method and discoloration method. ref name Bai ref Brown ARD, Jones NP, Middleton CJ, Papadopoulos G, Arik EB. 2004. Experimental methods. In Paul LE, Atiemo Obeng AV, Kresta MS, editors. Handbook of Industrial Mixing. Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 4 ref The conductivity method requires a conductivity probe to present in the target system, which make it an intrusive method because the existence of the probe might change the mixing efficiency of the mixing device. Discoloration method does not require any probe which makes it a non intrusive method. However, the color detection device sometimes the human eye needs to be Calibration calibrated against the conductivity method. ref name Bai Both methods ... the modeling is completed, the blend time of any predetermined level of homogeneity of any location ... more details
refimprove date June 2010 A shim is a device used to adjust the homogeneity of a magnetic field . Originally, shims have their name from the purely Shim spacer mechanical shims that are used to adjust position and parallelity of the pole faces of an electromagnet. Coils that are used to adjust the homogeneity of a magnetic field by changing the current flowing through it were called electrical current shims ref Weston A. Anderson, Electrical Current Shims for Correcting Magnetic Fields Rev. Sci. Instrum. 32, 241 1961 ref because of their similar function. Usage in magnetic resonance spectrometry File Nmr fid bad shim.svg thumb Free Induction Decay FID nuclear magnetic resonance signal seen from a badly shimmed sample. File Nmr fid good shim.svg thumb Free Induction Decay FID nuclear magnetic resonance signal seen from a well shimmed sample. In nuclear magnetic resonance NMR and magnetic resonance imaging MRI , shimming is used prior to the operation of the magnet to eliminate inhomogeneities in its field. Initially the magnetic field inside an NMR spectrometer or MRI scanner will be far from homogeneous. It could be up to 100 times worse with respect to its homogeneity than an ideal field of the device. This is a result of the production tolerances and magnetic field of the environment iron constructions in walls and floor of the examination room get magnetized and disturb the field of the scanner. There are two types of shimming active and passive. Active shimming is done using coils with adjustable current. Passive shimming involves pieces of steel with good magnetic qualities. The steel pieces are placed near the permanent or superconducting magnet. They get magnetized and produce their own magnetic field. In both cases, the additional magnetic fields produced by coils or steel add to the overall magnetic field of the superconducting magnet in such a way that the total field becomes more homogeneous. There are different ways to define inhomogeneity of a magnetic field ... more details
Trait ascription bias is the tendency for people to view themselves as relatively variable in terms of personality, behavior and mood while viewing others as much more predictable in their personal traits across different situations. This may be because our own internal states are much more observable and availability heuristic available to us than those of others. This attributional bias has an obvious role in the formation and maintenance of stereotype s and prejudice , combined with the negativity effect . A similar bias on the group level is called the outgroup homogeneity bias . References Kammer, D. 1982 . Differences in trait ascriptions to self and friend Unconscious founding intensity from variability. Psychological Reports 51 , 99 102. See also Portal Psychology List of cognitive biases Category Cognitive biases Category Social psychology ... more details
Group serving bias is identical to self serving bias except that it takes place between group sociology groups rather than individuals, under which group members make dispositional attributions for their group s successes and situational attributions for group failures, and vice versa for outsider groups. For instance, the fundamental attribution error is a self serving bias, while the group attribution error is a group serving bias. Perhaps the most basic form of group serving bias is ingroup bias . sup . See also Portal Psychology Attributional bias Outgroup homogeneity bias List of cognitive biases Group think Identity politics References Taylor, D. M. & Doria, J. R. 1981 . Self serving bias and group serving bias in attribution. Journal of Social Psychology 113 , 201 211. psych stub December, 2010 Category Cognitive biases Category Group processes Category Psychology stubs ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
