For an explanation of very similar terms Hominidae Taxobox name Hominini image Male Bonobo Lola ya Bonobo 2008.jpg image width 230px image caption Male Bonobo regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s superfamilia Ape Hominoidea familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini tribus authority John Edward Gray Gray , 1825 subdivision ranks Genus Genera subdivision Subtribe Panina Chimpanzee Pan chimpanzee s Subtribe Hominina Homo genus Homo human s Paranthropus Australopithecus Sahelanthropus Orrorin Ardipithecus Kenyanthropus Hominini is the tribe biology tribe of Homininae that comprises homo genus Humans Homo , and two species of the genus Chimpanzee Pan the Common Chimpanzee and the Bonobo , their ancestors, and the extinct lineages of their common ancestor but see the discussion below for alternative vies . Members of the tribe are called hominins cf. Hominidae , hominids . The subtribe Hominina is the human branch, including genus Homo and its close relatives, but not Pan . The creation of this taxon is the result of the current idea that the least ... Hominini includes Pan as well as Homo , but as separate subtribes. Homo and, by inference, all ... definitions some researchers use the term Hominini to include humans and fossil ancestors ... name webhom cite web url http www.palaeos.org Hominini title Hominini accessdate 2011 03 29 date 2008 07 02 work http www.palaeos.org Hominini ref . Wood 2010 ref name Wood2010 cite journal author ... humans and chimpanzees belong to the Hominini tribe. References reflist Wikispecies Human Evolution Great apes Category Apes Category Human evolution ar ca Hominini da Hominider de Hominini et Hominini el es Hominini eo Hominini fa fr Hominini ko hr Hominini it Hominini he la Hominini lv Homin ni nl Hominini ja nds Hominini pl Hominini pt Hominini ru fi Hominini sv Hominider homininer tr Hominini vi T ng Ng i zh ... more details
Summary Non free use rationale Description This is an artist s rendering of the fossil Ardi , a member of Ardipithecus ramidus , a very early Hominini hominin species. Source Done by J.H. Matternes for the journal Science journal Science . Article Ardi Portion Full picture Low resolution Unsure? Purpose The image serves as the primary means of visual identification of the Ardi fossil. It will also assist discussion of the Ardi fossil and comparison of the species with other human like species, as well as chimpanzee species. Replaceability There is no free equivalent of this rendering, so the image cannot be replaced by a free image. other information The use of this image will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder s rights or ability to distribute the original. Licensing Non free fair use in Ardi ... more details
biology tribes Gorillini gorillas and Hominini bonobo s, chimpanzees and humans . The early ... 8 million years ago. fact date November 2007 A hominin is a member of the tribe Hominini, a hominine ... , Gorilla beringei beringei Eastern Lowland Gorilla , Gorilla beringei graueri Tribe Hominini Genus ... la Homininae lv Homininae nl Homininae ja pl Homininae pt Homininae ru sk Hominini ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2008 Biological classification In biology , a tribe is a taxonomic rank between family biology family and genus . It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes . Some examples include the tribes Canini, Acalypheae , Hominini , Bombini , and Antidesmeae . See also Rank botany Rank zoology International Code of Botanical Nomenclature International Code of Zoological Nomenclature References reflist Taxonomic ranks Biology stub Category Scientific classification rank16 Category Botanical nomenclature rank16 Category Zoological nomenclature rank16 ar ca Tribu biologia cs Tribus de Tribus Biologie el es Tribu biolog a eu Leinu biologia fa fr Tribu biologie gl Tribo biolox a hr Tribus id Tribus it Trib tassonomia he la Tribus taxinomia lt Triba mt Trib bijolo ija nl Geslachtengroep ja no Tribus biologi nds Tribus pl Plemi biologia pt Tribo biologia ru scn Tribb biolugg a sk Tribus taxon mia tr Oymak taksonomi vi T ng sinh h c zh ... more details
Garniss H. Curtis is a professor emeritus of geology at the University of California, Berkeley , geochronology geochronologist , volcano volcanologist , geophysics geophysicist , and founder of the Berkeley Geochronology Center . In 1960, Curtis and fellow UC Berkeley geophysicist Jack Evernden used potassium argon dating methods developed by UC Berkeley physics physicist John Reynolds physicist John Reynolds on minerals found in tephra deposits collected by Evernden to date Mary Leakey s 1959 Olduvai Gorge Bed I Hominini hominin Zinjanthropus Paranthropus boisei to 1.89 to 1.57 mya unit Mya . ref name TaylorAitken1997 cite book editor last Taylor editor first R. E. editor2 last Aitken editor2 first M. J. title Chronometric Dating in Archaeology, Vol. 2 pages 110 publisher Springer Verlag New York year 1997 isbn 13 9780306457159 ref The great age of the fossil hominid and associated stone tools in the bed pushed back the then accepted age of the Pleistocene another million years, causing a stir in the geology community. ref name TaylorAitken1997 The dating of these fossil finds is considered a starting point for the collaboration of paleoanthropology and geochronology . References reflist DEFAULTSORT Curtis, Garniss Category Living people Category American geologists Category University of California, Berkeley faculty US geologist stub ... more details
Refimprove date May 2010 The term australopithecine refers generally to any species in the related genus genera Australopithecus or Paranthropus . These species occurred in the Plio Pleistocene era, and were bipedal and dentally similar to humans, but with a brain size not much larger than modern apes, lacking the encephalization characteristics of the genus Homo . ref name CambridgeDictHumBiol&Evolp45 They are classified within the Hominina subtribe of the Hominini tribe biology tribe . They appeared in the Pliocene Australopithecus , appeared about 4 million years ago Paranthropus , appeared about 2.7 million years ago. When used alone, the term refers to both genera together. Australopithecus is sometimes referred to as the gracile slender australopithecines , while Paranthropus are also called the robust australopithecines . ref name CambridgeDictHumBiol&EvolGeneral A likely ancestor of the Australopithecines is the genus Ardipithecus genus, which lived in East Africa. The Homo genus Homo genus human s, appear about 2.4 million years ago with Homo habilis appear to be descended from australopithecine ancestors, more precisely from Kenyanthropus platyops branching off Australopithecus some 3.5 million years ago. An alternative possibility is the derivation of Homo directly from Ardipithecus with an as yet undiscovered link connecting Ardipithecus and Homo habilis existing in parallel to the Australopithecines in the period 4 to 2.5 million years ago. See also wiktionary Human taxonomy References reflist 2 refs ref name CambridgeDictHumBiol&Evolp45 citation date 2005 author Larry L Mai Marcus Young Owl M Patricia Kersting title The Cambridge Dictionary of Human Biology and Evolution page 45 place Cambridge & New York publisher Cambridge University Press isbn 978 0 521 66486 8 ref ref name CambridgeDictHumBiol&EvolGeneral Larry L Mai Marcus Young Owl M Patricia Kersting, 2005 . While there are spedific discussions of these terms, description and definition of is fo ... more details
dablink For an explanation of very similar terms see Hominid term . unreferenced date August 2009 Automatic taxobox fossil range Pliocene present image Homo sapiens neanderthalensis.jpg image caption Skull of Homo neanderthalensis display parents 4 subdivision ranks Genus Genera subdivision Homo genus Homo human s Paranthropus extinct Australopithecus extinct Sahelanthropus extinct Orrorin extinct Ardipithecus extinct Kenyanthropus extinct The more anthropomorphic primate s of the Hominini tribe are placed in the Hominina subtribe. Referred to as hominans , they are characterized by the evolution of an increasingly erect bipedal locomotion. The only Extant taxon extant species is Homo sapiens . Fossil records indicate this subtribe branched from the common ancestor with the chimpanzee lineage about 3 to 5 million years ago. Taxonomy Current evidence Fact date March 2008 suggests that, about 2.6 million years ago, Australopithecus began to diverge into two paths. One path produced Paranthropus , more robust, specialized in a herbivore plant food that required a stronger jaw and molars and powerful facial muscles that required a cranial crest, much like a modern gorilla has, to unite them. The other track led to Homo , with a relatively larger brain, more delicate teeth and jaw. Both genera existed at the same time for about 1 and a half million years. This subtribe is usually considered to include Australopithecus , Paranthropus , Sahelanthropus , Orrorin , Ardipithecus , Kenyanthropus , and Homo genus Homo . However, the exact makeup is still under debate, as scientists continue to determine the order of descent in human evolution . Description Key features of this group involve various adaptations for living predominantly on the ground rather than on the trees. In particular, it is vertical standing, moving on two legs and the skull placed on top of the vertebral column. The feet are prehensile not adapted to grasping and holding unlike the rest of primates, but pr ... more details
The People s Republic of China Chinese city of Chongqing has a long history dating back at least 3,000 years. Prehistory Evidence of the presence of man in Chongqing has been discovered dating back to the Old Stone Age , approximately 20 30,000 years ago. ref name govt http english.cq.gov.cn ChongqingGuide MountainCity 1920.htm History of Chongqing Chongqing Municipal Government accessed 2010 01 10 . ref The fossils of a lower jawbone and teeth of a primitive human species have been discovered near Wushan County, Chongqing Wushan County in Chongqing . This archaeological find, named the Wushan Man , have provided evidence that some form of non hominini hominin ape inhabited the area as early as two million years ago. ref http www.redorbit.com news science 18929 ancient wushan man written into history textbook Ancient Wushan Man written into history textbook redOrbit accessed 2010 01 10 . ref Pre unification At the beginning of the Zhou dynasty in the 11th century BC , the Ba state State of Ba was formed by the population of eastern Sichuan . However, this was not more than a loose confederation of independent clans who recognised a single king. During the Warring States Period Warring States period , the State of Ba fell into decline, until it was absorbed by the Qin state State of Qin in 316 AD 316 . It is unknown why the State of Ba fell so quickly into decline, but it is thought that due to a lack of a sense of real unity, a powerful army could not be raised, leaving it open to attack by invaders. ref name threegorges http english.cnhubei.com 2008 09 17 cms671788article.shtml Three Gorges Archaeology Mysteries of the Ancient Ba People CNHubei.com accessed 2010 01 10 . ref Imperial history At different times throughout its history, Chongqing was known by several different names, including Jiangzhou, Ba Prefecture, Chu Prefecture 420 581 , Yu Prefecture and Gong Prefecture during the Northern Song Dynasty . In 1189 , the area was renamed Chongqing Fu by Emperor Gua ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Homo rhodesiensis fossil range Pleistocene image Rhodesian Man.jpg image width 220px image caption Skull found in 1921 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae tribus Hominini genus Homo genus Homo species H. rhodesiensis binomial Homo rhodesiensis binomial authority Arthur Smith Woodward Woodward , 1921 Homo rhodesiensis Rhodesian man is a hominin species described from the fossil Kabwe skull . Other morphology biology morphologically comparable remains have been found from the same, or earlier, time period in southern Africa Hopefield or Saldanha , East Africa Bodo, Ndutu, Eyasi, Ileret and North Africa Sal , Rabat, Dar es Soltane, Djbel Irhoud, Sidi Aberrahaman, Tighenif . These remains were dated between 300,000 and 125,000 years old. Another specimen ref cite journal author Rightmire, G. Philip year 2005 title The Lake Ndutu cranium and early Homo Sapiens in Africa journal American Journal of Physical Anthropology volume 61 issue 2 pages 245 254 doi 10.1002 ajpa.1330610214 pmid 6410925 ref the hominid from Lake Ndutu may approach 400,000 years old, and Clarke in 1976 classified it as Homo erectus . Undirect cranial capacity estimate is 1100 ml. Also supratoral sculus morphology and presence of protuberance as suggest Philip Rightmire give the Nudutu occiput an appearence which is also unlike that of Homo Erectus but Stinger 1986 pointed that thickened iliac pillar is typical for Homo erectus . ref The Evolution of Homo Erectus Comparative Anatomical Studies of an Extinct Human Species By G. Philip Rightmire Published by Cambridge University Press, 1993 ISBN 0521449987, 9780521449984 http books.google.com books?id edFD6el38mAC&dq Ndutu hominid&source gbs summary s&cad 0 ref Image Broken Hill Skull Replica01 .jpg thumb left Replica of the skull Image Rhodesian Men.jpg thumb left Reconstruction of Rhodesian Men In Africa, there is a distinct difference in the Acheulian tools made before a ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Homo gautengensis fossil range Pleistocene status extinct image image caption image2 image2 alt image2 caption regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini subtribus Hominina genus Homo genus Homo species H. gautengensis binomial Homo gautengensis binomial authority Curnoe, 2010 synonyms range map range map width range map caption Homo gautengensis is, as of May 2010, the earliest recognized species in the genus Homo . Discovery and analysis Analysis announced in May 2010 of a partial skull found decades earlier in South Africa s Sterkfontein Caves near Johannesburg identified the species, named Homo gautengensis by anthropologist Dr Darren Curnoe of the UNSW School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences. While earlier fossils belong to the genus Homo , none have yet been classified in any species. ref cite journal journal Journal of Comparative Human Biology author Curnoe, D. doi 10.1016 j.jchb.2010.04.002 title A review of early Homo in southern Africa focusing on cranial, mandibular and dental remains, with the description of a new species Homo gautengensis sp. nov. year 2010 pmid 20466364 volume 61 issue 3 pages 151 77 ref The species first remains were originally discovered in 1977 but had been left largely ignored. ref name UNSW http www.science.unsw.edu.au news new species of human New species of human ancestor identified ref They had been catalogued Stw 53 and were noted as being anomalous. ref name Springer http www.springerlink.com content y076510l33023557 Reappraisal of the taxonomic status of the cranium Stw 53 from the Plio Pleistocene of Sterkfontein, in South Africa ref Background Identification of H. gautengensis was based on partial skulls, several jaws, teeth and other bones found at various times at the Caves. It emerged over 2 million years ago and died out approximately 600,000 years ago, and is believed to have arisen earlier ... more details
Taxobox fossil range Pliocene image Ardi.jpg image width 250px image caption Ardipithecus ramidus specimen, nicknamed Ardi regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini genus Ardipithecus genus authority Tim D. White White et al., 1995 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Ardipithecus kadabba br Ardipithecus ramidus Ardipithecus is a very early Hominini hominin genus . Two species are described in the literature A. ramidus , which lived about 4.4 million years ago ref name NatGeo News cite web url http news.nationalgeographic.com news 2001 07 0712 ethiopianbones.html title Fossils From Ethiopia May Be Earliest Human Ancestor first David last Perlman publisher National Geographic News date July 12, 2001 accessdate July 2009 quote Another co author is Tim D. White, a paleoanthropologist at UC Berkeley who in 1994 discovered a pre human fossil, named Ardipithecus ramidus, that was then the oldest known, at 4.4 million years. ref during the early Pliocene , and A. kadabba , dated to approximately 5.6 million years ago late Miocene . ref name AndThePaleobiology Ardipithecus ramidus Image Map of the fossil sites of the earliest hominids 35.8 3.3M BP .svg thumb left Map showing discovery location A. ramidus was named in September 1994. The first fossil find was dated to 4.4 million years ago based on its interval between two volcanic stratum strata the basal Tuff Gaala Tuff Complex GATC and the basalt Daam Aatu Basaltic Tuff DABT . ref cite doi 10.1038 371306a0 ref The name Ardipithecus ramidus stems mostly from the Afar language , in which Ardi means ground floor and ramid means root . The pithecus portion of the name is from the Greek language Greek word for ape . ref name NOVA cite web title NOVA, Aliens from Earth Who s who in human evolution last Tyson first Peter year 2009 month October publisher PBS accessdate 2009 10 08 url http www.pbs.org wgbh nova hobbit tree nf.html ref Its dis ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Orrorin tugenensis fossil range Miocene image Orrorin tugenensis.jpg image width 250px image caption Orrorin tugenensis fossils regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini subtribus Hominina genus Orrorin genus authority harvnb Senut Pickford Gommery Mein 2001 species O. tugenensis binomial Orrorin tugenensis binomial authority harvnb Senut Pickford Gommery Mein 2001 Orrorin tugenensis is considered to be the second oldest after Sahelanthropus known hominin ancestor that is possibly related to modern human s, and it is the only species classified in genus Orrorin . Orrorin is significant because it can be an early Bipedalism bipedal hominin. no refs The name ref Tugenensis from Tugen Hills , and Orrorin from local language original man it was also nicknamed the Millenium Man . harvnb Haviland Prins Walrath McBride 2007 p 122 ref was given by the discoverers who found Orrorin fossil s in the Tugen Hills of Kenya . ref name Haviland 2007 p122 harvnb Haviland Prins Walrath McBride 2007 p 122 ref By analysing radiometric dating radiometric decay K Ar dating , paleomagnetism , and biochronology the age of the specimen have been estimated to mya 6 5.8 million years Ma average mya 6.1 Ma . At present, 20 fossils have been found at four sites in the Lukeino Formation of these, the fossils at Cheboit and Aragai are the oldest mya 6.1 Ma , while those in Kapsomin and Kapcheberek are found in the upper levels of the formation mya 5.7 Ma . ref name Henke 2007 harvnb Henke 2007 pp 1527 9 ref Fossils The 20 specimen found this far include the posterior part of mandible in two pieces a symphysis according to ref, not sure what was found and several isolated teeth three fragments of femur s a partial humerus a proximal Phalanx bones phalanx and a distal thumb phalanx. ref name Henke 2007 Orrorin had small teeth relative its body size. Its dentition differs from that found in Austr ... more details
noinclude Refimprove date August 2009 noinclude border 0 cellspacing 2 cellpadding 0 width 800 style font size smaller clear both style font size larger Hominini Hominin species distributed through time span style float right small class editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand fullurl Human evolution Species chart action edit edit small span timeline ImageSize width 900 height 600 PlotArea left 20 right 70 bottom 20 top 0 AlignBars justify Colors id period1 value rgb 1,1,0.7 light pink id period2 value rgb 0.7,0.7,1 light blue id period3 value rgb 0.7,1,0.7 light green id events value rgb 1,0.3,1 light purple id Miocene value rgb 1,0.8706,0 255 222 0 id Pliocene value rgb 0.9961,0.9216,0.6745 254 235 172 id Pleistocene value rgb 1,0.9216,0.3843 255 235 98 id Holocene value rgb 1,1,0.7020 255 255 179 Period from 0 till 7000000 TimeAxis orientation horizontal ScaleMajor unit year increment 1000000 start 0 ScaleMinor unit year increment 250000 start 0 BarData bar Timelines bar buffer bar Events bar bar0 bar bar1 bar bar2 bar bar3 bar bar4 bar bar5 bar bar6 bar bar7 bar bar8 bar bar9 bar bar10 bar bar11 bar bar12 bar bar13 bar bar14 bar bar15 bar bar16 bar bar17 bar bar18 bar bar19 bar bar20 bar bar21 bar bar22 bar bar23 bar bar24 bar bar25 bar bar26 bar bar27 bar bar28 bar bar29 bar bar30 bar bar31 bar bar32 bar bar33 bar bar35 PlotData width 25 mark line,red textcolor black bar Timelines align right shift 75,0 bar Timelines align center shift none from 5332000 till end color Miocene text Miocene from 1806000 till 5332000 color Pliocene text Pliocene from 11500 till 1806000 color Pleistocene text Pleistocene from 0 till 11500 color Holocene align left text Holocene bar Events color events align right shift 5, 10 at 5000000 text Split between humans and chimpanzees using molecular clock, about 5 Ma width 7 mark none color events align right shift 5, 4 bar bar2 from 6000000 till 7000000 at 6000000 text Sahelanthropus Sahelanthropus tchadensis bar bar4 from 5800000 till 61 ... more details
of the subfamily Homininae into the tribes Gorillini African apes and Hominini humans . File Hominoid ... Homininae, gorillas are the outgroup. This suggests that chimpanzees should be in Hominini along ... more details
History of France Prehistoric France is the period in the human occupation including early Hominini hominins of the geographical area covered by present day France which extended through prehistory and ended in the Iron Age with the Celt ic La T ne culture . The Palaeolithic Lower Palaeolithic France includes Olduwan Abbevillian and Acheulean sites from early or non modern transitional Hominini species, most notably Homo erectus and Homo heidelbergensis . The Grotte du Vallonnet near Menton contained simple stone tools dating to 1 million to 1.05 million years BC. ref name ReferenceA Henry de Lumley, La Grande Histoire de premiers europeens , Odile Jacob, Paris, 2010 ref . Cave sites were exploited for habitation, but the hunter gatherers of the Palaeolithic also possibly built shelters such as those identified in connection with Acheulean tools at Grotte du Lazaret and Terra Amata near Nice in France. Excavations at Terra Amata found traces of the Earliest known domestication of fire in Europe, from 400,000 BC. ref name ReferenceA Middle Palaeolithic The Neanderthal s, the earliest Homo sapiens to occupy Europe, are thought to have arrived there around 300,000 BC, but seem to have died out by about by 30,000 BC, presumably unable to compete with modern humans during a period of cold weather. Numerous Neanderthal, or Mousterian , artifacts named after the type site of Le Moustier , a rock shelter in the Dordogne region of France have been found from this period, some using the Levallois technique , a distinctive type of lithic reduction flint knapping developed by hominids during the Lower Palaeolithic but most commonly associated with the Neanderthal industries of the Middle Palaeolithic. Upper Palaeolithic The earliest modern humans &mdash Cro Magnon s &mdash entered Europe including France around 40,000 years ago during a long interglacial period of particularly mild climate, when Europe was relatively warm, and food was plentiful. When they arrived in Europe, they brought ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Robust australopithecines fossil range Pleistocene image Australopithecus boisei P1060081.jpg image width 200px image caption Skull of Paranthropus boisei regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini subtribus Hominina genus Paranthropus genus authority Robert Broom Broom , 1938 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Paranthropus aethiopicus br Paranthropus boisei br Paranthropus robustus The robust australopithecines , members of the extinct hominin genus Paranthropus Greek para beside , Greek anthropos human , were bipedal hominids that probably descended from the gracile australopithecine hominids Australopithecus . ref name Dawkins2004 cite book last Dawkins first Richard title The Ancestor s Tale A Pilgrimage To the Dawn of Life year 2004 publisher Weidenfeld & Nicolson location London isbn 0 297 82503 8 page 77 ref Description Image Paranthropus boisei.JPG thumb left Paranthropus boisei reconstruction All species of Paranthropus were bipedal, and many lived during a time when species of the genus Homo genus Homo which were possibly descended from Australopithecus , were prevalent. Paranthropus first appeared roughly 2.7 million years ago. Most species of Paranthropus had a brain about 40 percent of the size of a modern human . There was some size variation between the different species of Paranthropus , but most stood roughly 1.3 1.4 m 4.26 to 4.59 feet tall and were quite well muscled. Paranthropus is thought to have lived in wooded areas rather than the grasslands of the Australopithecus . citation needed date October 2010 The behavior of Paranthropus was quite different from that of the genus Homo , in that it was not as adaptable to its environment or as resourceful. Evidence of this exists in the form of its physiology which was specifically tailored to a diet of grubs and plants. This would have made it more reliant on favorable environmental con ... more details
about the Ethiopian area rich in hominini remains the Libya Libyan offshore oil field Bouri Field Image Herto, Ethiopia Homo sapiens idaltu 1997 discovery map.png thumb right Location of Bouri Formation in Ethiopia The Bouri Formation is an area in the Middle Awash Valley , in Ethiopia that has provided a rich source of Australopithecines and Homo fossils, Artifact archaeology artifact s and bones of large mammal with cut marks from butchery . It is part of the Afar Depression that has created other rich human fossil sites such as Gona and Hadar . It consists of three geological unit s called members in which fossils and artifacts from different periods of human evolution has been excavated. The lowest Hatayae member 2.5 mya in which Australopithecus garhi fossils have been found, the Dakanihylo member 1 mya and Homo erectus , and the Herto member lower 260 ka and upper layers 160 to 154 ka and Homo sapiens idaltu . Human remains from the Upper Herto layers have been found with signs of having been changed after death by mortuary practices. Geology The Bouri Formation occurs in the Bouri peninsula , a geological Fault geology fault raised Horst geology horst that diverts the Awash River and forms a partial dam creating Lake Yardi . The peninsula is about 4 km wide and 10 km in length and lies in a NNW SSE direction in the Quaternary period rift zone of the southern Afar Region . The Bouri peninsula contains the Bouri formation, a sediment area that stretches down much of its length and breath and is 80 m thick. It is eroded to expose three geological members or layers the Hatayae also known as Hata , the Dakanihylo also known as Daka and the Herto. ref name Clark Clark JD, Beyene Y, WoldeGabriel G, Hart WK, Renne PR, Gilbert H, Defleur A, Suwa G, Katoh S, Ludwig KR, Boisserie JR, Asfaw B, White TD. 2003 . Stratigraphic, chronological and behavioural contexts of Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Nature. 423 6941 747 52. PMID 12802333 ref ref name de ... more details
, bonobos, and gorillas 8,000,000 years ago Tribe biology tribe Hominini Humans, chimpanzees ... wrists, and shoulder blades that lie along its back. valign TOP align RIGHT nowrap 10 Ma Hominini speciate ... early Hominini hominin genus subfamily Homininae . Two species are described in the literature A. ramidus ... more details
Cleanup date February 2009 italictitle Taxobox name Sahelanthropus tchadensis br Touma fossil range Late Miocene image Sahelanthropus tchadensis TM 266 01 060 1.jpg image width 230 px image caption Cast of a Sahelanthropus tchadensis skull Toumai regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini subtribus Hominina genus Sahelanthropus genus authority Brunet et al. , 2002 ref Usually, all authors of a taxon description are cited. In this case they are so many however that for layout reasons the list is abbreviated. The full citation is br Brunet, Guy, Pilbeam, Mackaye, Likius, Ahounta, Beauvilain, Blondel, Bocherens, Boisserie, De Bonis, Coppens, Dejax, Denys, Duringer, Eisenmann, Fanone, Fronty, Geraads, Lehmann, Lihoreau, Louchart, Mahamat, Merceron, Mouchelin, Otero, Pelaez Campomanes, Ponce de Le n, Rage, Sapanet, Schuster, Sudre, Tassy, Valentin, Vignaud, Viriot, Zazzo, & Zollikofer, 2002. ref species S. tchadensis binomial Sahelanthropus tchadensis binomial authority Brunet et al. , 2002 Sahelanthropus tchadensis is an extinct hominid species that is dated to about mya 7 . Whether it can be regarded as part of the Hominina tree is unclear there are arguments both supporting and rejecting it. Another complication in its classification is that it is older than the Chimpanzee human last common ancestor human chimpanzee divergence estimated to mya 6.3 5.4 seen in genetic data, ref name BBC May 2006 cite news title Evolution s human and chimp twist publisher BBC date May 18, 2006 accessdate April 2010 url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi science nature 4991470.stm ref and that there are few if any specimens other than the partial Human cranium cranium known as Touma . Fossils Image Djourab, Chad Sahelanthropus tchadensis 2001 discovery map.png thumb left Location of discovery Image Sahelanthropus tchadensis TM 266 location.jpg thumb left Detail of map Image SahelanthropusCL.png thumb left Rest ... more details
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