Infobox scientist name John Graunt box width image Graunt2.gif image width 200px caption birth date 24 April 1620 birth place London death date 18 April 1674 death place London residence citizenship nationality England ethnicity field work institutions alma mater doctoral advisor doctoral students known for author abbrev bot author abbrev zoo influences influenced prizes religion footnotes signature John Graunt 24 April 1620 18 April 1674 was one of the first demographer s, though by profession he was a haberdasher . Born in London , Graunt, along with William Petty , developed early human statistical ... the first life table , giving probabilities of survival to each age. Graunt is also considered ... of bubonic plague in the city. Though the system was never truly created, Graunt s work in studying ... of the Observations led Graunt to the Royal Society , where he presented his work and was subsequently elected a fellow. Initially, members of the Royal Society wanted nothing to do with Graunt, uncomfortable with the idea of a haberdasher being elected. Fortunately for Graunt, Charles II, who was King Of England at the time, ignored their objections and brought Graunt into the society. Upon entering into the Royal Society , Citation needed date July 2010 Graunt decided to convert to Catholicism .... Citation needed date July 2010 With no financial support, Graunt lived the rest of his life in poverty , dying of jaundice and liver disease at the age of 53. Image Graunt Observations.jpg thumb 200px Title page of Graunt s Observations on the Bills of Mortality 1662 . External links http www.edstephan.org Graunt graunt.html John Graunt 1620 1674 , Text of the Observations and other Graunt materials are available on Western Washington University . DEFAULTSORT Graunt, John Category 1620 births ... cs John Graunt de John Graunt es John Graunt eu John Graunt fr John Graunt it John Graunt he ht John Graunt pl John Graunt pt John Graunt ru , sv John Graunt ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Year nav topic 1662 science The year 1662 in science and technology involved some significant events. Physics Robert Boyle publishes Boyle s law , in the second edition of his New Experiments Physico Mechanicall, Touching The Spring of the Air, and its Effects Oxford . Statistics John Graunt , in one of the earliest uses of statistics , publishes information about births and deaths in London . Events July 15 The Royal Society receives its royal charter . Deaths April 22 John Tradescant the Younger , English botanist born 1608 in science 1608 . August 19 Blaise Pascal , French mathematician and physicist born 1623 in science 1623 . Category 1662 in science fr 1662 en science hu 1662 a tudom nyban ... more details
, cum Appendice de Schismate Paris, 1652 English translation by W. G. William Graunt , Paris, 1658 . This work ... a facultate theologica Duacena damnatis, sententiam suam dicit Paris, 1661 A Letter to Mr. Graunt concerning ... more details
Use dmy dates date October 2010 Unreferenced date October 2008 A timeline of probability and statistics Before 1600 1560s published 1663 Cardano s Liber de ludo aleae attempts to calculate probabilities of dice throws 1577 Bartolom de Medina defends Catholic probabilism probabilism , the view that in ethics one may follow a probable opinion even if the opposite is more probable 17th century 1654 Blaise Pascal Pascal and Pierre de Fermat Fermat create the mathematical theory of probability , 1657 Christiaan Huygens Huygens s De ratiociniis in ludo aleae is the first book on mathematical probability, 1662 John Graunt Graunt s Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality makes inferences from statistical data on deaths in London, 1693 Edmund Halley Halley prepares the first mortality table s statistically relating death rate to age, 18th century 1710 John Arbuthnot Arbuthnot argues that the constancy of the ratio of male to female births is a sign of divine providence, 1713 Posthumous publication of Jacob Bernoulli s Ars Conjectandi , containing the first derivation of a law of large numbers , 1724 Abraham de Moivre studies mortality statistics and the foundation of the theory of annuitie s in Annuities on Lives , 1733 Abraham de Moivre introduces the normal distribution to approximate the binomial distribution in probability, 1739 David Hume Hume s Treatise of Human Nature argues that inductive reasoning is unjustified, 1761 Thomas Bayes proves Bayes theorem , 1786 William Playfair Playfair s Commercial and Political Atlas introduces line chart graphs and bar chart s of data, 19th century 1801 Gauss predicts the orbit of Ceres using a line of best fit 1805 Adrien Marie Legendre introduces the method of least squares for fitting a curve to a given set of observations, 1814 Laplace s Essai philosophique sur les probabilit s defends a definition of probabilities in terms of equally possible cases, introduces generating function s and Laplace trans ... more details
For other people of this name, see Richard Herbert disambiguation . Sir Richard Herbert died 1510 of Ewyas , Herefordshire was the illegitimate son of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke 1423 1469 William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Maud, daughter of Adam ap Howell Graunt Gwynn . ref name Lee cite book title Dictionary of National Biography, 1885 1900, Volume 26 first1 Leslie last1 Stephen first2 Sidney last2 Lee location London publisher Smith, Elder & Company year 1891 url http books.google.com books?id nt4pAAAAYAAJ&pg PA220&lpg PA220&dq 22Sir Richard Herbert 22 illegitimate&source bl&ots k5VaTHMlZr&sig 8EShc N2nlURfxXC7RTtjXh6WJg&hl en&ei FhxTTaCbLY74swP6 J2uBw&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 4&ved 0CCsQ6AEwAw v onepage&q 22Sir 20Richard 20Herbert 22 20illegitimate&f false page 220 ref ref name Burke cite book title A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland author John Burke publisher Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley location London pages 259 260 year 1831 oclc 4645457 url http books.google.com books?ei kiBTTeiMEJG0sAPn7PCnBw&ct result&output text&id aB0IAAAAQAAJ&dq Maud 22Adam ap Howell Graunt 22&q Sir Richard Herbert v snippet&q Sir 20Richard 20Herbert 20Ewyas&f false ref ref name Sil cite book title Tudor Placemen and Statesmen Select Case Histories author Narasingha Prosad Sil publisher Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Associated University Presses location Madison NJ , London, Cranbury, NJ year 2001 page 95 isbn 0838639127 url http books.google.com books?id GMLZx68bXzMC&pg PA95&lpg PA95&dq Maud 22Adam ap Howell Graunt 22&source bl&ots r516Ap4aHd&sig hMiU9CbdnztgKlTogAHAMG1K8Xg&hl en&ei HSNTTdXoH5SisQPD ajrBg&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 1&ved 0CBUQ6AEwADgK v onepage&q&f false ref Richard had a full brother named George. ref name Sil Sir Richard Herbert of Ewyas is distinguished from his uncle, Sir Richard Herbert of Coldbrook, brother of his father William Herbert. ref name Sanford cite boo ... more details
class infobox width 350 align center Image Flag of England.svg 30px 1662 in England Image Flag of England.svg 30px style background color f3f3f3 align center small Other years small align center 1660 in England 1660 1661 in England 1661 1662 1663 in England 1663 1664 in England 1664 Events from the year 1662 in the Kingdom of England . Incumbents Monarch Charles II of England King Charles II Events 17 March Two old women are hanged after being found guilty of witchcraft at Bury St. Edmunds witch trial The 1662 Bury St. Edmunds witch trial the Bury St. Edmunds witch trial . 2 May 3 May Catherine of Braganza marries Charles II of England . As part of the dowry, Portugal cedes Bombay and Tangier to England . 9 May Samuel Pepys witnesses a Punch and Judy show in London the first on record. 16 May Hearth Taxation Hearth Tax is introduced in England, Wales and Scotland. 15 July The Royal Society receives its royal charter . 24 August The Act of Uniformity 1662 Act of Uniformity is introduced, ref cite book title The Every Day Book of History and Chronology publisher D. Appleton & co first Joel last Munsell year 1858 ref followed by the Act of Uniformity 1662 Great Ejection Great Ejection of over 2,000 clergy who refuse to take the required oath of conformity to the established church . 27 October Charles II sells Dunkirk, France Dunkirk to France for 400.000 or 2.5 million livre s . Undated John Graunt , in one of the earliest uses of statistics , publishes information about births and deaths in London. The second edition of Robert Boyle s New Experiments Physico Mechanicall, Touching The Spring of the Air, and its Effects is published in Oxford containing Boyle s Law . The Poor Relief Act 1662 Poor Relief Act Settlement Act is passed. Births 27 January Richard Bentley , classical scholar died 1742 in Great Britain 1742 30 April Mary II of England , Scotland, and Ireland died 1694 in England 1694 18 May George Smalridge , Bishop of Bristol died 1719 in Great Britain 1719 ... more details
Sir Robert Spencer, 1st Baron Spencer of Wormleighton Member of Parliament MP Order of the Garter KG 1570 25 October 1627 was an England English peerage peer . He was born in Althorp , Northamptonshire, England to Sir John Spencer and Mary Catlin . Life Spencer held the office of Member of Parliament for Brackley from 1597 to 1598. He was the Commissioner for Musters for Northamptonshire in 1600 and Sheriff of Northamptonshire from 1601 to 1602. He was invested as a Knight, Order of the Garter in 1601. Sir Robert was created 1st Baron Spencer of Wormleighton England on 21 July 1603. Son of Sir John Spencer b. 1519 and Mary, daughter of Sir Robert Catlyn. Family On 15 February 1587 he married Margaret Willoughby the daughter of Sir Francis Willoughby and Elizabeth Lyttelton. Robert had seven children by Margaret. Children Mary Spencer christened 24 August 1588 14 July 1658 married Richard Anderson Elizabeth Spencer christened 30 November 1589 19 November 1618 married George Fane John Spencer 6 December 1590 16 August 1610 William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton christened 4 January 1592 19 December 1636 married Penelope Spencer, Baroness Spencer Lady Penelope Wriothesley Richard Spencer christened 21 October 1593 1 November 1667 married Mary Sandys Edward Spencer christened 2 March 1594 16 February 1655 1656 married Margaret Goldsmith Margaret Spencer 14 August 1597 6 December 1613 Ancestors William Spencer, of Defford, Worcs, fl.c.1330 John Spencer, of Defford, married Alice, daughter of Giles Deverell Nicholas Spencer, of Defford, married Joan, daughter of Richard Pollard, of Kent Thomas Spencer, of Defford Henry Spencer, of Badby, Morthants d 1476 , married Isabel, daughter of Henry Lincolin John Spencer, of Hodnell, Warwicks, married Warstead William Spencer, of Rodburn, Warwicks, married Elizabeth, daughter of Peter Empon, of Towester Sir John Spencer, Kt. of Snitterfield & Wormleighton d. 1522 married Isabel, daughter of Sir Walter Graunt, of Snitter ... more details
Please only add NOTABLE mathematicians, not yourself or your schoolmates This is a list of amateur mathematicians people whose primary vocation did not involve mathematics or any similar discipline yet made notable, and sometimes important, contributions to the field of mathematics. In general, they are not listed in the Mathematics Genealogy Project . col begin col break width 50 Agnesi, Maria Gaetana Maria Gaetana Agnesi primary school teacher Ahmes scribe Robert Ammann programmer and postal worker John Arbuthnot surgeon and author Jean Robert Argand bookkeeper Leon Bankoff Beverly Hills Dentist Thomas Bayes Rev. Thomas Bayes Presbyterian minister Andrew Beal businessman Friedrich Bessel accountant Bernard Fr nicle de Bessy Counsellor, Cour des monnaies Chester Ittner Bliss biologist Napol on Bonaparte general George Boole primary school teacher Mary Everest Boole homemaker, librarian William Bourne mathematician William Bourne innkeeper Nathaniel Bowditch indentured bookkeeper Achille Brocot clockmaker Harlan J. Brothers teacher, inventor, and musician Jost B rgi clockmaker Marvin Ray Burns veteran Gerolamo Cardano medical doctor D. G. Champernowne , college student Thomas Clausen mathematician Thomas Clausen technical assistant Sir James Cockle lawyer James Cockle judge Federico Commandino medical doctor William Crabtree merchant Nathan Daboll cooper Felix Delastelle bonded warehouseman Martin Demaine goldsmith and glass artist Humphry Ditton minister Harvey Dubner engineer Henry Dudeney civil servant M. C. Escher graphic artist Fibonacci merchants assistant Sarah Flannery high school student Reo Fortune anthropologist John G.F. Francis research assistant Benjamin Franklin founding father Bernard Fr nicle de Bessy counsellor Gemma Frisius medical doctor Britney Gallivan high school student Pierre de Fermat lawyer See discussion James Garfield United States President Thorold Gosset lawyer Hermann Grassmann school teacher John Graunt haberdasher col break George G ... more details
Infobox Website name Thought Leader favicon logo screenshot caption url http www.thoughtleader.co.za commercial No type Portal registration 2007 owner Mail & Guardian author Mail & Guardian launch date current status Active revenue Thought Leader is a collaborative news and opinion platform, owned by the South African newspaper http www.mg.co.za Mail & Guardian . It was http matthewbuckland.com ?p 449 founded by former GM of the operation http www.matthewbuckland.com Matthew Buckland in 2006. It was nominated a Webby Award honoree in 2008, won http www.sablogawards.com 2008 blog of the year in 2008, and has scored a few firsts, including sending the first South African blogger, Ndumiso Ngcobo, to cover a major political event the ANC election Polokwane conference in 2008. Mail & Guardian . List of contributors Richard Calland and Lawson Naidoo contributing on the Africa Cup of Nations Alan Hammond Albert Bredenhann Alex Matthews Alison Tilley Alwyn Van Niekerk Andrea Mitchell Andrew Clark Andrew Human Andrew Miller Angus Robinson Anja Merret Anne Taylor Anthea Buys Anton Harber Ari Sitas Ariel Goldberg Arthur Goldstuck Arthur Attwell Aubrey Matshiqi Azad Essa Ben Cashdan Bert Olivier http www.beverleymerriman.com Beverley Merriman Bhekinkosi Moyo Bilal Randeree Brendan O Neill journalist Brendan O Neill Bridget McNulty Bronwyn Nesbitt Bruce Cohen Candice Holdsworth Carol Freeman Catherine Parker Charl Norman Charlene Smith Chris Moerdyk Chris Rodrigues Chris Maroleng Christi van der Westhuizen Community of Mandela Rhodes Scholars Dale Imerman Darren Smith Dave Duarte David Parry Davies David Smith David Saks Derek Daly Diane Awerbuck Digital Citizen Indaba Dion Chang Don Goodson Dumisani Magadlela Dylan Rogers Ebrahim Harvey http www.ekh.co.za Ebrahim Khalil Hassen Elaine Rumboll Erik Hersman Eve Dmochowska Fackson Banda Ferdie Bester Ferial Haffajee Ferrial Adam Fikile Ntsikelelo Moya Gavin Foster Gino Cosme Grant Walliser Graunt Kruger Gugu Moyo Guy Berger Heather ... more details
An actuary is a business professional who deals with the actuarial science financial impact of risk and uncertainty . This is a list of notable actuaries and others who have influenced the profession. Note Order is by ascending year of birth, and then ascending year of death. Persons with unknown year of birth appear last in the list John Graunt 1620 1674 , English people English , constructed one of the first life table s Edmond Halley 1656 1742 , English, constructed one of the first life table s James Dodson 1705 1751 , English, developed statistical mortality table s Richard Price 1723 1791 , Welsh people Welsh Edward Rowe Mores 1731 1778 , English, founder of The Equitable Life Assurance Society The Society for Equitable Assurances on Lives and Survivorships and the first person to use the professional title actuary William Morgan actuary William Morgan 1750 1833 , Welsh Nathaniel Bowditch 1773 1838 , The first American Insurance actuary Essex Fire and Marine.. Joshua Milne 1776 1851 , English Benjamin Gompertz 1779 1865 , English, developed the Gompertz Makeham law of mortality and the Gompertz function John Finlaison 1783 1860 , Scottish people Scottish , first president of the Institute of Actuaries Griffith Davies 1788 1855 , Welsh Elizur Wright 1804 1885 , United States American , campaigned for valuation laws requiring life insurance companies to hold reserves to guarantee payment of benefits Wesley S. B. Woolhouse 1809 1893 , English, co founder of Institute of Actuaries James Joseph Sylvester 1814 1897 , English Ole Jacob Broch 1818 1889 , founded Gjensidige Scandinavia s first life insurance company Ernst Engel 1821 1896 , founded the first Mortgage Insurance company at Dresden, Germany Esprit Jouffret 1837 French Thorvald N. Thiele 1838 1910 , Danish people Danish Emory McClintock 1840 1916 , American Anders Lindstedt 1854 1939 , Swedes Swedish Thomas Bassett Macaulay 1860 1942 , Canadian people Canadian Thomas Jaffrey 1861 1953 , Scottish Miles Menan ... more details
Edward Grant or Graunt 1540s 1601 was an English classical scholar, Latin poet, and headmaster of Westminster School . He was also the first biographer of Roger Ascham . Life He was educated at Westminster, and matriculated as a sizar of St John s College, Cambridge St. John s College , Cambridge, 22 February 1564. where he completed his exercises for the degree of B. A. about 1567. In February 1572, he was granted the degree of B.A. at Oxford by virtue of his residence at Cambridge, and a month later proceeded M.A. in the same university after obtaining a dispensation which relieved him of the necessity of residence. ref Venn GRNT563E Edward Grant ref Anthony Wood says that he was a member first of Christ Church, Oxford or Broadgates Hall, Oxford , and afterwards of Exeter College, Oxford the university register does not mention his connection with any college . He was incorporated M.A. at Cambridge on 16 December 1573, proceeded B.D. at Cambridge in 1577, and D.D. in 1589, being incorporated B.D. at Oxford 19 May 1579. He was a preacher licensed by Cambridge University in 1580, and presented books to St. John s College, Cambridge, 29 April 1579. Grant became head master of Westminster in 1572, after serving as assistant master for about two years previously. He retained that office for twenty years, and was succeeded by William Camden in February 1593. On 15 December 1587 he wrote a Latin letter to the queen begging to be released from teaching after seventeen years service. The next vacant prebend at Westminster was granted him by letters patent 14 November 1575, and he became a prebendary or canon 27 May 1577. He was vicar of South Benfleet , Essex, from 12 December 1584 till the following year became rector of Bintree and Foulsham , Norfolk , 20 November 1586 canon of Ely in 1589 rector of East Barnet 3 November 1591, ref http www.british history.ac.uk report.aspx?compid 45462 ref and rector of Toppesfield , Essex , on the queen s presentation 22 April 1598. He ... more details
About the British noble family other people with the surname Spencer surname other uses Spencer disambiguation This article is about a family. How do you wish to name its members without listing them? Infobox Family colour powderblue name Spencer crest Image Spencer Arms.svg 150px caption Coat of arms of the Earl Spencer and Diana, Princess of Wales ethnicity English people English region Northamptonshire , England early forms origin United Kingdom members Earl of Sunderland br Duke of Marlborough br Earl Spencer br Winston Churchill br Diana, Princess of Wales otherfamilies British Royal Family distinctions traditions heirlooms estate Althorp meaning footnotes The Spencer family are a British noble family descended in the male line from Henry Spencer died c. 1478 , male line ancestor of the Earl of Sunderland Earls of Sunderland , the later Duke of Marlborough Dukes of Marlborough , and the Earl Spencer Earls Spencer . Other prominent members of the family include Winston Churchill grandson of the John Spencer Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough 7th Duke of Marlborough and Diana, Princess of Wales daughter of the John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer 8th Earl Spencer . Members of the family Spencer Knight Sir John Spencer, Kt. of Snitterfield & Wormleighton d. 1522 married Isabel, daughter of Sir Walter Graunt, of Snitterfield Sir William Spencer, Kt. of Wormleighton & Althorp d. 1532 married Susan, daughter of Sir Richard Knightley , of Fawsley, Northants Sir John Spencer, Kt. of Wormleighton & Althorp d. 1586 married Katherine, daughter of Sir Thomas Kiton, of Hengrove, Suffolk Sir John Spencer, Kt. d. 1599 married Mary, daughter of Sir Robert Catlyn , of Berne, Dorset Barons Spencer Robert Spencer, 1st Baron Spencer of Wormleighton 1570 1627 , married Margaret, daughter of Sir Francis Willoughby 1547 1596 , Kt. William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton 1591 1636 , married Penelop, daughter of Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton Earls of Sunderland main E ... more details
Grant can be both a surname and a given name . The name is of Scotland Scottish origin see Clan Grant , and there are several possible origins for the name. ref name ancestry Grant name meaning One possible origin of the name is from a nickname derived from the Anglo Norman language Anglo Norman graund , graunt tall , large . ref name ancestry Grant name meaning This in turn was derived from the Old French grand , grant , which was originally derived from the Latin grandis . ref name ancestry Grant name meaning This nickname was likely given to a person of remarkable size or merely to distinguish two persons bearing the same name. ref name ancestry Grant name meaning Another possible origin of the surname is from a medieval personal name ultimately derived from the Old English byname Granta , ref name ancestry Grant name meaning which might have meant snarler . ref name ancestry Grantham name meaning http www.ancestry.com facts Grantham name meaning.ashx Grantham Name Meaning and Origin Retrieved on 2007 12 06 ref The surname may also be an alternate spelling of the German language German Grandt or Grand . ref name ancestry Grant name meaning http www.ancestry.com facts Grant name meaning.ashx Grant Name Meaning and Origin Retrieved on 2007 12 06 ref Given name Grant Allford , Australian rules footballer Grant Basey , English footballer Grant Bell , Australian rugby league coache Grant Brebner , Scottish footballer Grant Connell , Canadian tennis player Grant Dexter , Canadian journalist Grant Erickson , Canadian ice hockey player Grant Evans , Scottish footballer Grant Fuhr , American ice hockey player Grant Gillespie , Scottish footballer Grant Golden , American amateur tennis player Grant Hackett , Australian Swimmer Grant Hart , American musician Grant Hill born 1972 , American basketball player Grant Lauchlan , Scottish television presenter Grant MacEwan , Canadian farmer Grant Morrison , Scottish comic book writer Grant Page , Australian stunt performer Grant ... more details
Wikify date May 2009 An Epidemic model is a simplified means of describing the transmission of communicable disease through individuals. Introduction essay like section date November 2010 The disease outbreak outbreak and spread of disease has been questioned and studied for many years. The ability to make predictions about diseases could enable scientists to evaluate inoculation or quarantine isolation plans and may have a significant effect on the mortality rate of a particular epidemic . The modeling of infectious diseases is a tool which has been used to study the mechanisms by which diseases spread, to predict the future course of an outbreak and to evaluate strategies to control an epidemic Daley & Gani, 2005 . The first scientist who systematically tried to quantify causes of death was John Graunt in his book Natural and Political Observations made upon the Bills of Mortality , in 1662. The bills he studied were listings of numbers and causes of deaths published weekly. Graunt s analysis of causes of death is considered the beginning of the theory of competing risks which according to Daley and Gani Daley & Gani, 2005, p. 2 is a theory that is now well established among modern epidemiologists . The earliest account of mathematical modelling of infectious disease mathematical modeling of spread of disease was carried out in 1766 by Daniel Bernoulli . Trained as a physician, Bernoulli created a mathematical model to defend the practice of inoculating against smallpox Hethcote, 2000 . The calculations from this model showed that universal inoculation against smallpox would increase the life expectancy from 26 years 7 months to 29 years 9 months Bernoulli & Blower, 2004 . Following Bernoulli, other physicians contributed to modern mathematical epidemiology. Among the most acclaimed of these were A. G. McKendrick and W. O. Kermack, whose paper A Contribution to the Mathematical Theory of Epidemics was published in 1927. A simple deterministic compartmental mo ... more details
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